Goods & Services

(1) Financial services, namely providing payouts to investors for derivatives in which the option price is determined in part by fluctuations of the underlying asset.

Goods & Services

FINANCIAL SERVICES, NAMELY PROVIDING PAYOUTS TO INVESTORS FOR DERIVATIVES IN WHICH THE OPTION PRICE IS DETERMINED IN PART BY FLUCTUATIONS OF THE UNDERLYING ASSET

Goods & Services

financial services, namely, investment management and advice, financial planning services, financial advisory services, wealth management services.

Goods & Services

FINANCIAL SERVICES, namely, INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADVICE, FINANCIAL PLANNING SERVICES, FINANCIAL ADVISORY SERVICES, WEALTH MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Goods & Services

INVESTMENT BANKING SERVICES; BANKING SERVICES; FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF UNDERWRITING, DISTRIBUTION AND TRADING OF SECURITIES; FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF MERGER, ACQUISITION, RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CORPORATE FINANCE ACTIVITIES; STOCK BROKERAGE AND RESEARCH SERVICES; INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADVICE; FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF TRADING FUTURES, OPTIONS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND COMMODITIES; WEALTH MANAGEMENT SERVICES.

Goods & Services

INVESTMENT BANKING SERVICES; BANKING SERVICES; FINANCIAL INVESTMENT SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF UNDERWRITING, DISTRIBUTION, AND TRADING OF SECURITIES; FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF FINANCIAL ADVISORY IN THE FIELDS OF MERGER, ACQUISITION, RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CORPORATE FINANCE ACTIVITIES; STOCK BROKERAGE AND RESEARCH SERVICES; INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADVICE; FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF TRADING SECURITY, EQUITY, BOND AND VOLATILITY FUTURES, SECURITIES OPTIONS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND COMMODITIES; FINANCIAL SERVICES, NAMELY, WEALTH MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Goods & Services

(1) Banking services; investment banking services; wealth management services (2) Financial services in the nature of underwriting, distribution and trading of securities; financial services in the nature of merger, acquisition, restructuring and other corporate finance activities; stock brokerage and research services; investment management and advice; financial services in the nature of trading futures, options, foreign exchange and commodities.

Goods & Services

PROVIDING FINANCIAL INVESTMENT RESEARCH INFORMATION TO CLIENTS VIA A LIVE CHAT TOOL COMPOSED OF AN ELECTRONIC DIGITAL ASSISTANT AND RESEARCH ANALYSTS

Goods & Services

(1) Investment banking services; banking services; financial services in the nature of underwriting, distribution and trading of securities; financial services in the nature of merger, acquisition, restructuring and other corporate finance activities; stock brokerage and research services; investment management and advice; financial services in the nature of trading futures, options, foreign exchange and commodities; wealth management services.

Goods & Services

(1) Investment banking services; banking services; financial services in the nature of underwriting, distribution and trading of securities; financial services in the nature of merger, acquisition, restructuring and other corporate finance activities; stock brokerage and research services; investment management and advice; financial services in the nature of trading futures, options, foreign exchange and commodities; wealth management services.

Goods & Services

Investment banking services; financial services in the nature of underwriting; distribution and trading of securities; financial services in the nature of merger, acquisition, restructuring, and other corporate finance activities; stock brokerage and research services; investment management and advice; and financial services in the nature of trading futures, option, foreign exchange and commodities.

Goods & Services

(1) Charitable services, namely, providing non-profit groups with information technology solutions and technical support.

Goods & Services

CHARITABLE SERVICES, namely, PROVIDING NON-PROFIT GROUPS WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS RELATING TO COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT IN THE NATURE OF PROVIDING COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE TOOLS TO ASSIST THE NON-PROFIT GROUP'S MISSION

Goods & Services

FINANCIAL AND INVESTMENT SERVICES, namely, STRUCTURING OF A BLANK CHECK IPO DESIGNED TO ALIGN STAKEHOLDER INTERESTS THROUGH A PERFORMANCE BASED INCENTIVE SYSTEM

Goods & Services

FINANCIAL AND INVESTMENT SERVICES, namely, ASSESSING AND IDENTIFYING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES THAT ALIGN WITH A CLIENT'S SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PREFERENCES

Goods & Services

FINANCIAL SERVICES, namely, PROVIDING FINANCIAL DATA IN THE NATURE OF FINANCIAL INDICES

Abstract

A processing device and a method are disclosed in which instructions are executed to determine, from a fingerprint of television content being consumed by a user, what program the user is watching so that program information may be sent for use by a smart device streaming the content to the user. The fingerprint may be compared with a database of fingerprints to find a match. The database may include fingerprints of favorite programs or of previously watched programs. The search may be narrowed according to the user's favorite programs or according to a subset of programs most likely to be watched, e.g., from a chronological history of programs the user usually watches and/or those that viewers in general usually watch in chronological order. When narrowed searches fail to find a fingerprint match, larger subsets up to and including the entire database may be searched for a match.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 16/783 - Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
• G06F 16/78 - Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
• G06F 16/9535 - Search customisation based on user profiles and personalisation

Goods & Services

Downloadable software for streaming audiovisual and multimedia content via the internet and global communications networks; Downloadable software for streaming audiovisual and multimedia content to mobile and smart digital electronic devices and consumer goods; Downloadable software for searching, indexing, organizing, and recommending audiovisual and multimedia content; Downloadable mobile applications for accessing and streaming audiovisual and multimedia content via the internet and global communications networks; Downloadable motion pictures, television shows and short-form audiovisual programs featuring fiction and non-fiction stories on a variety of topics provided via a video-on-demand service; Downloadable motion pictures, television shows, and short-form audiovisual programs in the fields of action-adventure, animation, anime, biography, classics, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, faith, family, fantasy, history, horror, international, musical, mystery, news, general interest, reality television, romance, science fiction, sports, thrillers, war, and westerns Broadcasting, webcasting, streaming, and transmission of audio, audiovisual, video, multimedia, subscription television, audio-on-demand and video-on-demand content via the internet and electronic communications networks; Broadcasting of audio, audiovisual, video, multimedia, subscription television, audio-on-demand and video-on-demand content to mobile devices, namely, mobile phones, tablets, personal computers, televisions, set-top boxes, and smart digital electronic devices and consumer goods Online entertainment and educational services in the nature of development, creation, production, post-production, distribution, of multimedia entertainment content in the fields of current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, live events, and music videos; Entertainment services in the nature of providing non-downloadable series of audiovisual shows, movies, and short-form audiovisual content all in the fields of action adventure, animation, anime, biography, classics, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, faith, family, fantasy, history, horror, international, musical, mystery, news, general interest, reality television, romance, science fiction, sports, thrillers, war, and westerns; Providing a website featuring information on the subjects of motion pictures, television programming, and short-form episodic and non-episodic multimedia content, current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, and music videos; Providing information, reviews, and recommendations regarding movies, television shows, and short-form episodic and non-episodic multimedia content via a website and video-on-demand transmission services; Providing non-downloadable films, television shows, and episodic and non-episodic multimedia content via a video-on-demand transmission service

Goods & Services

CHARITABLE SERVICES, NAMELY, PROVIDING INFORMATION TO CLIENTS RELATING TO PHILANTHROPIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO FUND PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH; FINANCIAL SERVICES, namely, PROVIDING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES TO CLIENTS TO FUND PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH

Goods & Services

(1) Financial and investment services, namely providing retirement plan consulting services, financial information and advice related to the client's financial well- being and financial goals and providing stock plan administration services via a global computer network.

Goods & Services

FINANCIAL AND INVESTMENT SERVICES, NAMELY, ASSESSING AND IDENTIFYING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES THAT ALIGN WITH A CLIENT'S SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PREFERENCES

Goods & Services

FINANCIAL SERVICES, NAMELY, PROVIDING FINANCIAL DATA IN THE NATURE OF FINANCIAL INDICES

Goods & Services

PROVIDING ON-LINE NON-DOWNLOADABLE SOFTWARE FOR MATCHING PEOPLE WITH SIMILAR WORK RELATED INTERESTS

Goods & Services

Social networking services for matching people with similar work related interests provided via a website

Goods & Services

FINANCIAL AND INVESTMENT SERVICES, NAMELY, PROVIDING INVESTMENT AND FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS TO CLIENTS IN THE NATURE OF FINANCIAL PLANNING AND INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES

Goods & Services

Investment banking services; financial services in the nature of underwriting, distribution, and trading of securities; financial services in the nature of merger, acquisition, restructuring, and other corporate finance activities; stock brokerage; financial research services; investment management and advice; and financial services in the nature of trading futures, options, foreign exchange, and commodities.

Goods & Services

INVESTMENT BANKING SERVICES; FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF UNDERWRITING, DISTRIBUTION AND TRADING OF SECURITIES; FINANCIAL CONSULTING AND ADVISING IN THE FIELD OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS; FINANCIAL RESTRUCTURING SERVICES; CORPORATE FINANCE SERVICES, NAMELY, CONSULTATION IN THE FIELD OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE; STOCK BROKERAGE AND RESEARCH SERVICES; INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADVICE; FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF TRADING FUTURES, OPTIONS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND COMMODITIES

Goods & Services

Software for streaming audiovisual and multimedia content via the internet and global communications networks; Software for streaming audiovisual and multimedia content to mobile and smart digital electronic devices and consumer goods; Software for searching, indexing, organizing, and recommending audiovisual and multimedia content; Mobile applications for accessing and streaming audiovisual and multimedia content via the internet and global communications networks; Downloadable motion pictures, television shows and short-form audiovisual programs featuring fiction and non-fiction stories on a variety of topics provided via a video-on-demand service; Downloadable motion pictures, television shows, and short-form audiovisual programs in the fields of action-adventure, animation, anime, biography, classics, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, faith, family, fantasy, history, horror, international, musical, mystery, news, general interest, reality television, romance, science fiction, sports, thrillers, war, and westerns Broadcasting, webcasting, streaming, and transmission of audio, audiovisual, video, multimedia, subscription television, audio-on-demand and video-on-demand content via the internet and electronic communications networks; Broadcasting of audio, audiovisual, video, multimedia, subscription television, audio-on-demand and video-on-demand content to mobile devices, namely, mobile phones, tablets, personal computers, televisions, set-top boxes, and smart digital electronic devices and consumer goods Online entertainment and educational services in the nature of development, creation, production, post-production, distribution, of multimedia entertainment content in the fields of current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, live events, and music videos; Entertainment services in the nature of series, movies, and short-form audiovisual content in the fields of action adventure, animation, anime, biography, classics, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, faith, family, fantasy, history, horror, international, musical, mystery, news, general interest, reality television, romance, science fiction, sports, thrillers, war, and westerns; Providing a website featuring information on the subjects of motion pictures, television programming, and short-form episodic and non-episodic content, current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, and music videos; Providing information, reviews, and recommendations regarding movies, television shows, and short-form episodic and non-episodic content via a website, and video-on-demand transmission services; Providing non-downloadable films, television shows, and episodic and non-episodic content via a video-on-demand transmission service Hosting and maintaining an online community featuring audio, audiovisual, and multimedia content in the fields of motion pictures, television programming, current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, and music videos

Goods & Services

Software for streaming audiovisual and multimedia content via the internet and global communications networks; Software for streaming audiovisual and multimedia content to mobile and smart digital electronic devices and consumer goods; Software for searching, indexing, organizing, and recommending audiovisual and multimedia content; Mobile applications for accessing and streaming audiovisual and multimedia content via the internet and global communications networks; Downloadable motion pictures, television shows and short-form audiovisual programs featuring fiction and non-fiction stories on a variety of topics provided via a video-on-demand service; Downloadable motion pictures, television shows, and short-form audiovisual programs in the fields of action-adventure, animation, anime, biography, classics, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, faith, family, fantasy, history, horror, international, musical, mystery, news, general interest, reality television, romance, science fiction, sports, thrillers, war, and westerns Broadcasting, webcasting, streaming, and transmission of audio, audiovisual, video, multimedia, subscription television, audio-on-demand and video-on-demand content via the internet and electronic communications networks; Broadcasting of audio, audiovisual, video, multimedia, subscription television, audio-on-demand and video-on-demand content to mobile devices, namely, mobile phones, tablets, personal computers, televisions, set-top boxes, and smart digital electronic devices and consumer goods Online entertainment and educational services in the nature of development, creation, production, post-production, distribution, of multimedia entertainment content in the fields of current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, live events, and music videos; Entertainment services in the nature of series, movies, and short-form audiovisual content in the fields of action adventure, animation, anime, biography, classics, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, faith, family, fantasy, history, horror, international, musical, mystery, news, general interest, reality television, romance, science fiction, sports, thrillers, war, and westerns; Providing a website featuring information on the subjects of motion pictures, television programming, and short-form episodic and non-episodic content, current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, and music videos; Providing information, reviews, and recommendations regarding movies, television shows, and short-form episodic and non-episodic content via a website, and video-on-demand transmission services; Providing non-downloadable films, television shows, and episodic and non-episodic content via a video-on-demand transmission service Hosting and maintaining an online community featuring audio, audiovisual, and multimedia content in the fields of motion pictures, television programming, current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, and music videos

Goods & Services

Software for streaming audiovisual and multimedia content via the internet and global communications networks; Software for streaming audiovisual and multimedia content to mobile and smart digital electronic devices and consumer goods; Software for searching, indexing, organizing, and recommending audiovisual and multimedia content; Computer application software for mobile phones and tablets, namely, mobile applications for accessing and streaming audiovisual and multimedia content via the internet and global communications networks; Downloadable video recordings in the nature of motion pictures, television shows, and short-form audiovisual programs in the fields of action-adventure, animation, anime, biography, classics, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, faith, family, fantasy, history, horror, international, musical, mystery, news, general interest, reality television, romance, science fiction, sports, thrillers, war, and westerns Broadcasting, webcasting, streaming, and transmission of audio, audiovisual, video, multimedia, subscription television, audio-on-demand, and video-on-demand content via the internet and electronic communications networks; Broadcasting of audio and video to mobile devices, namely, mobile phones, tablets, personal computers, televisions, set-top boxes, and smart digital electronic devices and consumer goods Online entertainment and educational services in the nature of development, creation, production, post-production, distribution, of multimedia entertainment content in the fields of current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, live events, and music videos; Entertainment services in the nature of producing movies and televisions shows, and providing a website featuring short-form audiovisual content in the nature of non-downloadable videos, in the fields of action adventure, animation, anime, biography, classics, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, faith, family, fantasy, history, horror, international, musical, mystery, news, general interest, reality television, romance, science fiction, sports, thrillers, war, and westerns; Providing a website featuring information for entertainment purposes on the subjects of motion pictures, television programming, and short-form episodic and non-episodic content, current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, and music videos; Providing information for entertainment purposes in the nature of reviews, and recommendations regarding movies, television shows, and short-form episodic and non-episodic content via a website, and video-on-demand transmission services; Providing non-downloadable films, television shows, and episodic and non-episodic content in the nature of limited and ongoing multimedia programs in the fields of action adventure, animation, anime, biography, classics, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, faith, family, fantasy, history, horror, international, musical, mystery, news, general interest, reality television, romance, science fiction, sports, thrillers, war, and westerns, via a video-on-demand transmission service Hosting and maintaining an online community website for others featuring audio, audiovisual, and multimedia content in the fields of motion pictures, television programming, current events, entertainment, sports, comedy, drama, music, and music videos

Goods & Services

Fund investment and advisory services; investment counseling services; management of portfolios comprising securities; mutual fund investment, administration, distribution, brokerage, and investment advisory services; financial services, namely, administration of transactions by funds involving securities, stocks, funds, equities, bonds, notes, cash, or other types of financial investments; investment management services with respect to mutual funds, pension accounts, institutional accounts, and separate accounts.

Goods & Services

INVESTMENT BANKING SERVICES; FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF UNDERWRITING, DISTRIBUTION, AND TRADING OF SECURITIES; FINANCIAL CONSULTING SERVICES IN THE FIELD OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS; RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CORPORATE FINANCE ACTIVITIES, NAMELY, FINANCIAL RESTRUCTURING SERVICES AND STRATEGIC CORPORATE FINANCIAL ADVISORY SERVICES; STOCK BROKERAGE AND RESEARCH SERVICES; INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADVICE; AND FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATURE OF TRADING FUTURES, OPTIONS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND COMMODITIES

Goods & Services

(1) Computer software for investment services, trading of securities, currencies, options, foreign exchange, futures, funds, and commodities, investment management, investment research, investment advice, financial information services, financial analytics, market indices, financial projections, agency brokerage, payment systems, accounting systems, credit card systems, and financial planning; secure terminals for electronic transactions, electronic payment terminals and credit card terminals for processing of credit card authorizations and transactions; encoded bank cards, encoded credit cards, and encoded debit cards and computer media for storing financial and personal information (2) Investment research publications; magazines and newsletters containing financial and business information; securities offering documents; published market indices; training manuals and leaflets in the field of financial services; printed computer software manuals in the field of financial services; financial printed reports relating to merger, acquisition, restructuring, and other corporate finance activities (1) Providing on-line access to financial services via the Internet; providing multi-user wireless access to financial services via the Internet; providing financial news and information via a global communications network; providing financial services via a global communications network

Goods & Services

Fund investment and advisory services; Investment counseling services; Management of portfolios comprising securities; Mutual fund investment, administration, distribution, brokerage, and investment advisory services; Financial services, namely, administration of transactions by funds involving securities, stocks, funds, equities, bonds, notes, cash, or other types of financial investments; Investment management services with respect to mutual funds, pension accounts, institutional accounts, and separate accounts

Goods & Services

Fund investment and advisory services; Investment counseling services; Management of portfolios comprising securities; Mutual fund investment, administration, distribution, brokerage, and investment advisory services; Financial services, namely, administration of transactions by funds involving securities, stocks, funds, equities, bonds, notes, cash, or other types of financial investments; Investment management services with respect to mutual funds, pension accounts, institutional accounts, and separate accounts

Goods & Services

(1) Financial services, namely, securities underwriting, distribution of securities and trading of securities; financial services, namely business consulting in the field of business acquisitions, business mergers and business restructuring; stock brokerage and research services; investment management and advice; financial services in the field of trading futures, foreign exchange and commodities

Abstract

A topology aware distributed storage system includes a plurality of storage nodes, at least one client node, and a storage manager and metadata store. A user-defined storage policy specifies where data is stored within a topological hierarchy of nodes within the network. A hierarchical ring topology including a hierarchical structure of rings representing an organizational structure of nodes is computed and flattened into a single global ring divided into segments corresponding to a unique range of integers and associated with a replica set responsible for storing a key corresponding to one of the integers. A hash function is performed on a user key received from the client node, and the hashed key is looked up on the flattened global ring stored on each storage node to identify the replica set responsible for storing data corresponding to the hashed key.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 17/30 - Information retrieval; Database structures therefor

Abstract

A method and a system environment are disclosed that allow for installation of an application into excess capacity of an existing server and that allows the application to coexist with a legacy application on the server without interfering with the legacy application and without requiring a new host name.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 12/701 - Routing or path finding
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol

Abstract

A method and a system environment are disclosed that allow for installation of an instance of an ensemble application into a container in excess capacity of an existing server and that allows the instance to coexist with a legacy application on the server and communicate with other instances of the ensemble application on other servers.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 15/16 - Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs

Abstract

A system that can detect when abnormal trading activity directed to any of multiple exchanges is occurring and take action to halt the detected abnormal trading activity without human intervention using a computer-implemented anomaly detection and action stage that performs an exponential weighted averaging of trade order flow, on a per symbol basis within a sliding volume based window and a volume based exponential weighted averaging, on a per symbol basis, on trade update messages received during the sliding volume based window and checks for an inflection in covariance between them. A related method is also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06Q 40/04 - Trading Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
• G06Q 40/06 - Asset managementFinancial planning or analysis

Abstract

Disclosed is a ROM memory device including a plurality of rows and columns of memory cells, each memory cell including a bit line pair and a transistor to store two bits of data therein, and a virtual ground line disposed between adjacent pairs of bit line pairs, wherein the bit line pair and virtual ground line are used to read data stored in the memory cells.

IPC Classes  ?

• G11C 17/00 - Read-only memories programmable only onceSemi-permanent stores, e.g. manually-replaceable information cards
• G11C 17/12 - Read-only memories programmable only onceSemi-permanent stores, e.g. manually-replaceable information cards using semiconductor devices, e.g. bipolar elements in which contents are determined during manufacturing by a predetermined arrangement of coupling elements, e.g. mask-programmable ROM using field-effect devices

Abstract

Embodiments of a method for providing electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection for an Input/Output (I/O) device, an ESD protection device for an I/O device, and an I/O device are described. In one embodiment, a method for providing ESD protection for an I/O device involves activating a switch device to turn off the I/O device during an ESD event and deactivating the switch device to turn on the I/O device in the absence of an ESD event. Other embodiments are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02H 3/22 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess voltage of short duration, e.g. lightning
• H05K 9/00 - Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
• H03K 19/003 - Modifications for increasing the reliability
• H05K 1/02 - Printed circuits Details
• H01L 27/02 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
• H02H 9/04 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
• H01L 23/60 - Protection against electrostatic charges or discharges, e.g. Faraday shields

Abstract

A electromagnetic induction wireless communication system including: a magnetic antenna; an electric antenna; a tuning capacitor coupled to the magnetic antenna configured to tune the magnetic antenna; a controller configured to control the operation of the communication system; a signal source coupled to the controller configured to produce a communication signal used to drive the magnetic antenna and the electric antenna; a voltage control unit coupled to the signal source configured to produce one of an amplitude difference, phase difference, and an amplitude and a phase difference between the communication signal used to drive the magnetic antenna and electric antenna.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04W 4/00 - Services specially adapted for wireless communication networksFacilities therefor
• H01Q 9/04 - Resonant antennas

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a controller (606) for a switched mode power supply, SMPS (600), comprising: a switch toggling unit (670) having a first switching mode and a second switching mode, wherein the first switching mode is a continuous conduction mode or a boundary conduction mode and the second conduction mode is a discontinuous conduction mode; and a switch mode selector (676) configured to set the switching mode of the switch toggling unit (670) in accordance with a current in an inductor (602) of the SMPS (600).

IPC Classes  ?

• H05B 33/08 - Circuit arrangements for operating electroluminescent light sources
• H01L 29/06 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions
• H01L 27/02 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
• H01L 29/74 - Thyristor-type devices, e.g. having four-zone regenerative action
• H01L 29/732 - Vertical transistors
• H01L 29/861 - Diodes
• H01L 49/02 - Thin-film or thick-film devices
• H02M 7/217 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
• H01L 29/87 - Thyristor diodes, e.g. Shockley diodes, break-over diodes

Abstract

A time manager controls one or more timing functions on a circuit. The time manager includes a data storage and a time calculator. The data storage device stores a first indication of a performance characteristic of a memory cell at a first time. The data storage device also stores a second indication of the performance characteristic of the memory cell at a second time. The time calculator is coupled to the data storage device. The time calculator calculates a time duration between the first time and the second time based on a change in the performance characteristic of the memory cell from the first indication to the second indication.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 1/00 - Details not covered by groups and
• G06F 3/06 - Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers
• G06Q 20/34 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
• G07F 7/08 - Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card

Abstract

A method of obscuring software code including a plurality of instructions, comprising: determining, by a processor, a number N prior instructions to a current instruction; encoding the current instruction based upon a first function, a second function, and the N prior instructions, wherein the second function is based upon the N prior instructions, and wherein the first function is based upon the current instruction and an output of the second function.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/00 - Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
• G06F 12/14 - Protection against unauthorised use of memory
• G06F 21/14 - Protecting executable software against software analysis or reverse engineering, e.g. by obfuscation
• G06F 9/45 - Compilation or interpretation of high level programme languages

Abstract

extra), and disengage the selectably engagable load from the first and second terminals in accordance with a comparison between a disengagement threshold and the controller input voltage or an input current at the first terminal.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
• G05B 15/02 - Systems controlled by a computer electric
• H05B 33/08 - Circuit arrangements for operating electroluminescent light sources

Abstract

A system and method of locating a key are disclosed. The key is configured to communicate with a base station through a plurality of antennas that are coupled to the base station. The method includes turning off each of the plurality of antennas, turning on one of the plurality of antennas, measuring a first received signal strength, turning off the one of the plurality of antennas and measuring a second received signal strength. The key is determined to be located within a predefined area if the difference between the first received signal strength and the second received signal strength is above a preset threshold.

IPC Classes  ?

• B60R 25/24 - Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
• H04W 4/00 - Services specially adapted for wireless communication networksFacilities therefor
• H04L 29/08 - Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure
• H04W 88/08 - Access point devices
• H04W 24/08 - Testing using real traffic
• G07C 9/00 - Individual registration on entry or exit

Abstract

A method for obfuscating functionality of computer software is disclosed. In an embodiment, the method involves determining a first set of instructions needed to perform a target operation and a second set of instructions for at least one or more additional operations. The second set of instructions is tuned to contain instructions such that, by executing the second set of instructions, the function of the first set of instructions can be performed. Once the first and second sets of instruction are determined and tuned, a code library is created and code fragments in the library correspond to code needed to perform the function of the first set of instructions when executed. Instructions are then added to the second set of instructions such that, when executed, will cause the functionality of the first set of instructions to be achieved.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/00 - Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
• G06F 9/38 - Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead
• G06F 21/56 - Computer malware detection or handling, e.g. anti-virus arrangements
• G06F 9/44 - Arrangements for executing specific programs
• G06F 21/14 - Protecting executable software against software analysis or reverse engineering, e.g. by obfuscation

Abstract

An electromagnetic induction wireless communication system including: a magnetic antenna; an electric antenna; a tuning capacitor coupled to the magnetic antenna configured to tune the magnetic antenna; a controller configured to control the operation of the communication system; a signal source coupled to the controller configured to produce a communication signal used to drive the magnetic antenna and the electric antenna; a voltage control unit coupled to the signal source configured to produce one of an amplitude difference, phase difference, and an amplitude and a phase difference between the communication signal used to drive the magnetic antenna and electric antenna.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01Q 1/27 - Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
• H01Q 21/28 - Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
• H04B 5/00 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
• G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
• G08C 17/04 - Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using magnetically coupled devices
• G06K 19/077 - Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
• H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
• H04B 5/02 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive loop type using transceiver
• H04B 13/00 - Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups
• G08C 17/02 - Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
• H04R 25/00 - Deaf-aid sets
• H01F 38/14 - Inductive couplings

Abstract

An electromagnetic induction wireless transceiver including: a magnetic antenna; and a signal source configured to produce a communication signal used to drive the magnetic antenna to produce electromagnetic induction fields, wherein the transceiver when connected to a first location on a body is configured to communicate with another electromagnetic induction wireless transceiver connected to a second location on the body.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 5/00 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• H01Q 1/27 - Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
• H04R 25/00 - Deaf-aid sets
• G08C 17/04 - Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using magnetically coupled devices
• H04B 5/02 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive loop type using transceiver
• H04B 13/00 - Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups
• H01F 38/14 - Inductive couplings

Abstract

An electromagnetic induction wireless transceiver system including: a magnetic antenna; an electric antenna including first and second plates, the first plate being connectable to a body; and a power driver configured to produce a modulating signal used to drive the magnetic antenna and the electric antenna to produce electromagnetic induction fields, wherein the transceiver when connected to a body in a first location is configured to transmit power to a second electromagnetic induction wireless transceiver connected to a second location a distance from the first location, wherein the first and second locations are connected through magnetic and electric near-field coupling.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 5/00 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• H02J 5/00 - Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
• G08C 17/04 - Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using magnetically coupled devices
• H04B 5/02 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive loop type using transceiver
• H04B 13/00 - Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups
• G08C 17/02 - Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
• H02J 50/12 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
• H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes Identification of persons

Abstract

Capacitance multiplier circuitry provides an increased equivalent capacitance, and may be implemented using a desirably small footprint. As may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments, a capacitor provides a first capacitance across first and second plates, and capacitance multiplier circuitry operates with the capacitor to provide a second equivalent capacitance that is a multiple of the first capacitance. The capacitance multiplier circuitry includes a first circuit path having a first resistor between the first plate and a common terminal, and a second circuit path having a switch and a second resistor between the second plate and the common terminal. An amplifier has differential inputs respectively corresponding to the first and second circuit paths and provides the second equivalent capacitance by controlling operation of the switch based upon the differential inputs and the respective resistances provided by the resistors in the first and second circuit paths.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03B 19/00 - Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source
• H03H 11/48 - One-port networks simulating reactances
• H02M 3/07 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode

Abstract

One example discloses a system for filtering digital certificates within a communications network, comprising: a first set of network-nodes, having a first attribute and a respective first set of digital certificates; a second set of network-nodes, having a second attribute and a respective second set of digital certificates; and a digital certificate authority, having a digital certificate validity list which includes the first and second sets of digital certificates; wherein the certificate authority filters the validity list based on the first attribute and transmits the filtered validity list to the first set of network nodes. Another example discloses a method for filtering digital certificates, comprising: maintaining a digital certificate validity list; identifying a set of network-nodes, having an attribute; filtering the validity list based on the attribute; and transmitting the filtered validity list to the set of network-nodes.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/00 - Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
• H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
• H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• H04W 4/04 - in a dedicated environment, e.g. buildings or vehicles
• H04W 12/06 - Authentication
• H04W 4/02 - Services making use of location information
• H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]Services to user groupsOne-way selective calling services
• H04W 4/22 - Emergency connection handling

Abstract

Consistent with an example embodiment there is an electromagnetic induction field communication system, illustratively, for communicating on or around the body. Two transceivers (or receiver and transmitter) contain coils and capacitors suitable for generating an electromagnetic induction field surrounding the body and are capable of communicating therebetween.

IPC Classes  ?

• G08C 17/04 - Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using magnetically coupled devices
• H04B 5/00 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• H04R 25/00 - Deaf-aid sets
• H04B 5/02 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive loop type using transceiver
• H04B 13/00 - Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups
• G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes Identification of persons

Abstract

Consistent with an example embodiment, the disclosed includes a synchronized logic circuit comprising: an input module; an output module; a decision logic module connected between the input and output modules and configured to provide a next output state to the output module dependent on a current input state provided from the input and output modules; a clock module connected to the input and output modules and configured to provide a clock signal for synchronizing operation of the input and output modules; and an input detection module connected to the input module and configured to provide an enable signal to the clock module on detection of a change in an input provided to the input module, wherein the clock module is configured to provide a clock signal to the input and output modules on receiving the enable signal from the input detection circuit.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03K 19/00 - Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one outputInverting circuits
• H03K 19/096 - Synchronous circuits, i.e. using clock signals

Abstract

A RF switching arrangement (400) is described including a bias swap circuit (30). The bias swap circuit switches the bias voltage dependent on the state of the RF switch. This improves the performance of the RF switch without requiring charge pump circuitry.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03K 17/687 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
• H03K 17/06 - Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
• H03K 17/693 - Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors

Abstract

An electromagnetic induction antenna including: a first inductor including windings; a second inductor including windings spaced apart from the first inductor; and an impedance connecting the first and second inductors; wherein the first and second inductor form a capacitor; wherein the capacitor is an electric field antenna, and wherein the inductor is a magnetic field antenna.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
• H01Q 1/27 - Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
• H04R 31/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
• H04B 1/40 - Circuits
• H04B 5/00 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• H04B 5/02 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive loop type using transceiver
• H04B 13/00 - Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups
• H01F 38/14 - Inductive couplings
• H04R 25/00 - Deaf-aid sets

Abstract

A method of authorization in a cryptographic system that provides separate authorization for a plurality of different input message groups using a single cryptographic key, including: receiving, by the cryptographic system, a first input message from a first input message group; performing, by the cryptographic system, a keyed cryptographic operation mapping the first input message into a first output message, wherein the keyed cryptographic operation produces a correct output message when the cryptographic system is authorized for the first input message group, wherein the keyed cryptographic operation does not produce a correct output when the cryptographic system is not authorized for the first input message group, and wherein each of the plurality of input message groups has an associated set of input messages wherein the sets of input messages do not overlap.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/51 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems at application loading time, e.g. accepting, rejecting, starting or inhibiting executable software based on integrity or source reliability
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols

Abstract

A method of enforcing security settings in a cryptographic system, including: receiving, by the cryptographic system, a first input message associated with a first security setting of a plurality of security settings; performing, by the cryptographic system, a keyed cryptographic operation mapping the first input message into a first output message, wherein the keyed cryptographic operation produces a correct output message when the cryptographic system is authorized for the first security setting, wherein each of the plurality of security settings has an associated set of input messages wherein the sets of input messages do not overlap.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols

Abstract

A method of determining a fingerprint identification of a cryptographic implementation in a cryptographic system, including: receiving, by the cryptographic system, an input message that is a fingerprint identification message; performing, by the cryptographic system, a keyed cryptographic operation mapping the fingerprint identification message into an output message that includes a fingerprint identification; and outputting the output message.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/14 - Protecting executable software against software analysis or reverse engineering, e.g. by obfuscation
• H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
• H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems

Abstract

A method of performing a cryptographic operation using a cryptographic implementation in a cryptographic system, including: receiving, by the cryptographic system, an identifying string value; receiving, by the cryptographic system, an input message; performing, by the cryptographic system, a keyed cryptographic operation mapping the input message into an output message wherein the output message is the correct result when the identifying string value equals a binding string value.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/51 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems at application loading time, e.g. accepting, rejecting, starting or inhibiting executable software based on integrity or source reliability
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol

Abstract

An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device on a semiconductor substrate and a method for making the same. The device has an active region. The active region includes a gate. The active region also includes a source including a silicide portion having a source contact. The active region further includes a drain including a silicide portion having a drain contact. The source and drain each extend away from the gate along a device axis. The drain contact is laterally offset with respect to the source contact along a direction orthogonal to the device axis whereby current flow between the source contact and the drain contact has a lateral component. The device further comprises a non-silicide region located laterally between the drain contact and the source contact.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 29/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof
• H01L 27/02 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
• H01L 29/417 - Electrodes characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
• H01L 21/027 - Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing, not provided for in group or
• H01L 21/285 - Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
• H01L 29/45 - Ohmic electrodes
• H01L 29/66 - Types of semiconductor device
• H01L 29/78 - Field-effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate

Abstract

There is described a method of checking whether a transponder device (220) is in proximity of a reader device (210), the method comprising (a) transmitting a first command (331) from the reader device to the transponder device, (b) in response to receiving the first command at the transponder device, transmitting a first response (332) to the reader device, the first response including an expected transponder device response time (pubRespTime) which is stored in a memory (224) of the transponder device, (c) transmitting a second command (333) from the reader device to the transponder device, (d) in response to receiving the second command at the transponder device, transmitting a second response (334) to the reader device, (e) at the reader device, determining the transponder device response time as the difference in time between transmitting the second command and receiving the second response from the transponder device, and (f) determining whether the determined transponder device response time matches the expected transponder device response time included in the first response. There is also described a reader device (210), a transponder device (220), and a contactless communication system (200).

IPC Classes  ?

• H04Q 5/22 - Selecting arrangements wherein two or more subscriber stations are connected by the same line to the exchange with indirect connection, i.e. through subordinate switching centre the subordinate centre not permitting interconnection of subscribers connected thereto
• G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
• H04B 5/00 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• H04W 12/08 - Access security

Abstract

A method of obscuring software code including a plurality of basic blocks wherein the basic blocks have an associated identifier (ID), including: determining, by a processor, for a first basic block first predecessor basic blocks, wherein first predecessor basic blocks jump to the first basic block and the first basic block jumps to a next basic block based upon a next basic block ID; producing, by the processor, a mask value based upon the IDs of first predecessor basic blocks, wherein the mask value identifies common bits of the IDs of the first predecessor basic blocks; and inserting, by the processor, an instruction in the first basic block to determine a next basic block ID based upon the mask value and an ID of one of the first predecessor basic blocks.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/00 - Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
• G06F 21/14 - Protecting executable software against software analysis or reverse engineering, e.g. by obfuscation

Abstract

A method of patching a cryptographic implementation without changing a key in a cryptographic system, including: sending a message from a first message set to the cryptographic implementation, wherein the first message uses a first portion of the cryptographic implementation; deciding to patch the cryptographic implementation; sending a second message from a second message set to the cryptographic implementation after deciding to patch the cryptographic implementation, wherein the second message use a second portion of the cryptographic implementation that is not used for any messages in the first message set.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/16 - Program or content traceability, e.g. by watermarking
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol

Abstract

A method of gluing a cryptographic implementation of a cryptographic function to a surrounding program in a cryptographic system, including: receiving, by the cryptographic system, an input message; receiving a computed value from the surrounding program; performing, by the cryptographic system, a keyed cryptographic operation mapping the input message into an output message using the computed value from the surrounding program, wherein the output message is a correct output message when the computed value has a correct value; and outputting the output message.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
• H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems

Abstract

In an embodiment, a method for performing forward error correction (FEC) on protected data packets is disclosed. The method involves creating a FEC table having columns for application data and columns for error-correction data (EC data). Then, a number of protected application data packets are received and placed in the FEC table. If an application data packet is received, then the application data from the packet is placed in the application data column. If an application data packet is not received, generated zeroes are placed in the application data column. Once the application data columns of the FEC table are full, EC data corresponding to the application data is received and placed in the EC data columns of the FEC table. The rows of the FEC table are then fed to the decoder for error correction.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• G06F 11/10 - Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out nines or elevens
• H03M 13/27 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques
• H04H 60/11 - Arrangements for counter-measures when a portion of broadcast information is unavailable
• H03M 13/15 - Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes

Abstract

There is disclosed a user interface unit for a smart card, said user interface unit comprising a two-dimensional capacitive sensor array, wherein the capacitive sensor array comprises an array of corner sensor elements each comprising a capacitor over its area, wherein the respective capacitors of neighboring corner sensor elements in each dimension extend towards each other thereby defining at least one intermediate region therebetween, the area of the or each intermediate region covered by the respective capacitors being in a respective fixed ratio. Furthermore, there is disclosed a corresponding smart card and a method of manufacturing a user interface unit for a smart card.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
• G06K 19/077 - Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
• G06F 3/044 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
• G07F 7/10 - Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card together with a coded signal
• G06F 1/16 - Constructional details or arrangements
• H03K 17/96 - Touch switches

Abstract

Embodiments of a packaged semiconductor device with no leads are disclosed. One embodiment includes a semiconductor chip and a no leads package structure defining a boundary and having a bottom surface and includes three or more pads exposed at the bottom surface of the package structure. Each of the pads is located in a single inline row.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 23/48 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements
• H01L 23/00 - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
• H01L 23/29 - Encapsulation, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings characterised by the material
• H01L 23/31 - Encapsulation, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings characterised by the arrangement

Abstract

Embodiments of transceiver circuits and methods for operating a transceiver circuit are described. In one embodiment, a transceiver circuit includes a feedback loop connected to a bus and a control circuit connected to the bus. The feedback loop includes a tunable low-pass filter. The control circuit is configured to detect a radio frequency (RF) disturbance on the bus and control the bandwidth of the tunable low-pass filter in response to detection of the RF disturbance on the bus. Other embodiments are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 1/00 - Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
• H04B 15/00 - Suppression or limitation of noise or interference
• H04B 1/40 - Circuits
• H04L 12/40 - Bus networks

Abstract

A substrate arrangement comprising a substrate having a surface configured to receive, by epitaxy, an epitaxial layer of semiconducting material, the substrate comprising a laminate having a handle layer and a seed layer, the seed layer having a crystal orientation arranged to receive the epitaxial layer and the handle layer having a crystal orientation different to the seed layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 29/267 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, elements provided for in two or more of the groups , , , , in different semiconductor regions
• H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
• H01L 29/20 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
• H01L 21/762 - Dielectric regions

Abstract

There is described a contactless communication device. The device comprises (a) a receiver unit (110, 610) having an antenna input (RXn, Vmid, RXp) for connecting to an antenna, the receiver unit (110, 610) being adapted to couple with a transmitting device and to receive an RF signal transmitted by the transmitting device, the receiver unit (110, 610) being further adapted to determine a point of time relating to a position of data within the RF signal, (b) a comparator (120) adapted to generate a comparator output signal (agc_comp) which is indicative of a relation between a voltage at the antenna input (RXn, Vmid, RXp) of the receiver unit (110, 610) and a reference voltage (Vref), and (c) a voltage regulation circuit coupled to the comparator (120) and to the antenna input (RXn, Vmid, RXp) of the receiver unit (110, 610), the voltage regulation circuit being adapted to repetitively regulate the voltage at the antenna input (RXn, Vmid, RXp) based on the comparator output signal (agc_comp). The voltage regulation circuit is adapted to separate each repetitive regulation of the voltage at the antenna input (RXn, Vmid, RXp) by a first time constant prior to the point of time determined by the receiver unit (110, 610) and by a second time constant after the point of time determined by the receiver unit (110, 610), wherein the first time constant is smaller than the second time constant. There is also described a method, a computer program and a computer program product.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 1/00 - Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
• H04B 1/12 - Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements
• G06K 7/00 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers
• H04B 1/10 - Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
• H04W 72/04 - Wireless resource allocation

Abstract

A near field communication (NFC) device for providing a communication path between a processing unit of the device and an external device is disclosed. A mobile device is also disclosed. An NFC integrated circuit (IC) is also disclosed. In an embodiment, an NFC IC includes a mobile host processor interface for communicating with a mobile host processor, a wireless interface for communicating with at least one of a contactless card and an external radio frequency (RF) reader, and a single wire protocol (SWP) interface for communicating with a secure element. In an embodiment, the NFC IC is configured to enable communications between the secure element and the mobile host processor by providing a channel for exchange of ISO 7816 commands between the mobile host processor and the secure element, wherein the ISO 7816 commands are carried over the SWP interface and the mobile host processor interface.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04W 4/00 - Services specially adapted for wireless communication networksFacilities therefor
• G06K 7/00 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers
• G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
• H04B 5/00 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• H04W 56/00 - Synchronisation arrangements
• H04W 76/02 - Connection set-up
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol

Abstract

In a method for transmitting an NFC application, a secure channel is established by way of a proxy between a Trusted Service Manager and an NFC device via a computing device including the proxy and via an RFID reader being a part of the computing device. The NFC application received at the computing device from the Trusted Service Manager is channeled through the secure channel to the NFC device utilizing the proxy.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• G06F 21/35 - User authentication involving the use of external additional devices, e.g. dongles or smart cards communicating wirelessly
• H04L 29/08 - Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure

Abstract

The invention relates to a semiconductor isolation structure. More particularly, the present invention relates to a semiconductor isolation structure suitable for providing high voltage isolation. Embodiments disclosed include a semiconductor structure (10) comprising: a first semiconductor region (R1), a second semiconductor region (R2) within the first semiconductor region (R1), and a voltage isolator (11) separating the first and second semiconductor regions (R1, R2), the voltage isolator (11) comprising: a nested series of insulating regions (T1, T2) around the perimeter of the second semiconductor region (R2), an intermediate semiconductor region (I1, I2) between each adjacent pair of nested insulating regions (T1, T2), and a voltage control device (12) comprising a conducting element (D1-D3) connected to at least one intermediate semiconductor region (I1, I2) in parallel with the at least one insulating region (T1, T2), so as to control a voltage across the at least one insulating region (T1, T2).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 23/62 - Protection against overcurrent or overload, e.g. fuses, shunts
• H01L 27/02 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
• H01L 29/866 - Zener diodes
• H05K 1/02 - Printed circuits Details
• H02H 9/04 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
• H01L 29/87 - Thyristor diodes, e.g. Shockley diodes, break-over diodes
• H01L 21/8238 - Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to communications between devices. As consistent with one or more embodiments, a local device has a first clock, a low-frequency (LF) transmitter and a high-frequency (HF) transceiver. A remote device includes a second clock, a LF receiver and a HF transceiver. An LF signal is transmitted from the local device to the remote device and used to synchronize the second clock. The first clock is synchronized based on an HF signal transmitted to the local device using the synchronized second clock and a first predetermined time delay relative to receipt of the LF signal. The second clock is re-synchronized based on a second HF signal transmitted to the remote device using the first clock and a second predetermined time delay relative to receipt of the first HF signal, while accounting for a trip time for communicating one or both of the HF signals.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 7/00 - Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
• H04L 12/26 - Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements

Abstract

There is provided a method of programming a smart card, said smart card comprising a secure element and a microcontroller unit which is connected to said secure element, the method comprising: (a) the secure element receives a firmware image from a host device; (b) the secure element validates the firmware image; (c) the secure element forwards the firmware image to the microcontroller unit if the firmware image is valid; (d) the microcontroller unit receives the firmware image from the secure element; (e) the microcontroller unit extracts firmware from the firmware image; and (f) the microcontroller unit installs the firmware in a memory unit of said smart card. Furthermore, a corresponding computer program product and a corresponding programmable smart card are disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/77 - Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information in smart cards
• G06F 21/12 - Protecting executable software
• H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
• G06F 21/34 - User authentication involving the use of external additional devices, e.g. dongles or smart cards
• G06F 21/57 - Certifying or maintaining trusted computer platforms, e.g. secure boots or power-downs, version controls, system software checks, secure updates or assessing vulnerabilities
• G06F 21/74 - Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information operating in dual or compartmented mode, i.e. at least one secure mode

Abstract

Dual-interface Integrated Circuit (IC) card components and methods for manufacturing the dual-interface IC card components are described. In an embodiment, a dual-interface IC card component includes a single-sided contact base structure, which includes a substrate with an electrical contact layer. On the single-sided contact base structure, one or more antenna contact leads are attached to the single-sided contact base structure to form a dual-interface contact structure by applying an adhesive material to partially cover an overlapping area of the at least one antenna contact and the substrate, which is a component of a dual-interface IC card. Other embodiments are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
• G06K 19/077 - Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
• H01L 23/00 - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices

Abstract

A method of binding a software to a device is disclosed. Accordingly, during a setup of the software in the device, a unique identifier is derived from contents stored in the device and the derived unique identifier is encrypted. The derived unique identifier is then stored in a configuration of the software. During a next invocation of the software in the device, a new unique identifier is derived from the contents stored in the device. The newly derived unique identifier is then matched with the stored unique identifier. The execution of the software is terminated if the matching fails.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/10 - Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material
• G06F 9/445 - Program loading or initiating
• G06F 21/12 - Protecting executable software
• G06F 21/60 - Protecting data
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• G06F 21/73 - Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information by creating or determining hardware identification, e.g. serial numbers

Abstract

A device is described. The device includes a chip, a reflector, and an antenna. The reflector is disposed on a surface of the chip. The reflector is a metalized layer on the surface of the chip.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01S 7/03 - Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
• G01S 13/93 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
• H01Q 19/10 - Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
• H01Q 19/06 - Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
• H01Q 1/22 - SupportsMounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
• H01Q 23/00 - Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
• H01L 23/00 - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices

Abstract

Dual-interface Integrated Circuit (IC) card components and methods for manufacturing the dual-interface IC card components are described. In an embodiment, a dual-interface IC card component includes a single-sided contact base structure, which includes a substrate with an electrical contact layer. On the single-sided contact base structure, one or more antenna contact leads are attached to the single-sided contact base structure to form a dual-interface contact structure, which is a component of a dual-interface IC card. Other embodiments are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
• G06K 19/077 - Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier

Abstract

A third party device is authorized to access data associated with a user account at a service provider, wherein the third party device and a user device are in data communication with the service provider, and are both NFC-enabled. The method comprises obtaining a request token generated by the service provider, transmitting the request token from the third party device to the user device via NFC, authorizing the request token at the user device, transmitting the authorized request token from the user device to the third party device via NFC, and obtaining an access token generated by the service provider, corresponding to the authorized request token, wherein the access token allows the third party device to access data associated with the user account at the service provider.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/62 - Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• H04W 12/08 - Access security
• H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
• H04L 29/08 - Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure

Abstract

An amplifier arrangement for amplifying an alternating signal, comprising an amplifier and an adaptive biasing circuit, the amplifier configured to receive an alternating signal for amplification and a bias signal for biasing the amplifier from the adaptive biasing circuit, the adaptive biasing circuit comprising a PTAT circuit wherein the PTAT circuit is configured to receive the alternating signal and modulate the bias signal based on the alternating signal.

IPC Classes  ?

• G11C 5/14 - Power supply arrangements
• G05F 1/46 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
• H03F 1/02 - Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
• H03F 1/30 - Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage
• H03F 3/195 - High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits

Abstract

A transformer comprising primary and secondary windings is disclosed. Each winding has first and second metal capping layers coupled together electrically in parallel by a metal connector passing through a substrate lying between the first and second metal capping layers.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01F 5/00 - Coils
• H01F 41/06 - Coil winding
• H01F 17/00 - Fixed inductances of the signal type
• H01F 27/34 - Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
• H01F 41/04 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils or magnets for manufacturing coils
• H01L 23/522 - Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
• H01F 27/28 - CoilsWindingsConductive connections
• B23K 1/00 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
• B23K 1/20 - Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
• C23C 14/02 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
• C23C 14/14 - Metallic material, boron or silicon
• C25D 3/38 - ElectroplatingBaths therefor from solutions of copper
• C25D 5/02 - Electroplating of selected surface areas

Abstract

A method of performing a keyed cryptographic operation mapping an input message to an output message, wherein the input message comprises m input data and the output message comprises m output data and wherein the cryptographic operation includes at least one round and the cryptographic operation specifies a substitution box for mapping input data into output data, including: transforming each of the m input data into n output data using n split substitution boxes, wherein the n split substitution boxes sum to the specified substitution box; and mixing and combining the m×n output data.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 9/28 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols using particular encryption algorithm
• H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• G09C 1/00 - Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system
• H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems

Abstract

A method of performing a secure function on data inputs by a security module, including: receiving an encrypted data value by the security module; decrypting the encrypted data value using a white-box decryption block cipher and encoding the decrypted data value, wherein the data value is invisible to an attacker; performing a function on the encoded data value and producing an encoded result of the function, wherein the data value and the result are invisible to the attacker; decoding the encoded result of the programmed function and then encrypting the result using a white-box encryption block cipher, wherein the result is invisible to the attacker.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol

Abstract

An integrated circuit arrangement comprising a substrate and a flange disposed on top of the substrate. The flange comprises a cantilever portion configured to project over the substrate. A die disposed on top of the flange. A first output terminal disposed on the substrate. A first lead configured to provide for an electrical connection between the die and the first output terminal. A first electrically conducting member configured to provide at least part of a current return path between the substrate and the die and arranged to bridge a gap between the cantilever portion and the substrate. The first electrically conducting member is disposed between the die and the first output terminal and is configured to enable electrical current to flow from the substrate to the cantilever portion of the flange.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 23/495 - Lead-frames

Abstract

A method of performing a keyed cryptographic operation mapping an input message to an output message, wherein the cryptographic operation includes at least one round including a non-linear mapping function configured to map input data to output data, including: splitting the input data into n split input data, wherein the splitting of the input data varies based upon the value of the input message; inputting each split input data into the non-linear mapping function to obtain n split output data, wherein a combination the n split output data indicates an output data, wherein the output data results when the input data is input to the non-linear mapping function.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
• G09C 1/00 - Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system
• H04L 9/14 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms
• H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems

Abstract

Aspects of the preset disclosure are directed to processing an analog signal transmitted during active portions of a duty cycle. As may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments, an apparatus includes a high-speed sampling circuit that samples portions of such an analog signal at a first rate corresponding to the active portion of the duty cycle, and stores the sampled portions of the analog signal. A low-speed analog-to-digital converter accesses the stored sampled portions and converts the sampled portions to a digital form at a second rate that is slower than the first rate.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 1/00 - Analogue/digital conversionDigital/analogue conversion
• H03M 1/12 - Analogue/digital converters
• H03M 1/36 - Analogue value compared with reference values simultaneously only, i.e. parallel type

Abstract

One example discloses a transmission line interconnect, comprising: an antenna coupling surface; a transmission line coupling surface; and a dielectric molding compound electromagnetically coupling the antenna coupling surface to the transmission line coupling surface. Another example discloses a method of manufacture, for a transmission line interconnect, comprising: forming a dielectric molding compound; defining an antenna coupling surface on the dielectric molding compound; and defining a transmission line coupling surface on the dielectric molding compound whereby millimeter wave frequencies received at the antenna coupling surface are electromagnetically coupled to the transmission line coupling surface.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01P 5/107 - Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions
• H01P 5/08 - Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking lines or devices of different kinds
• H01L 23/66 - High-frequency adaptations
• H01Q 1/22 - SupportsMounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
• H01P 11/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
• H01Q 1/50 - Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
• G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
• H01L 23/00 - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
• H01P 5/00 - Coupling devices of the waveguide type

Abstract

Circuits, apparatus, and methods are disclosed for decision feedback equalization. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a plurality of time-interleaved slices for processing an input data stream. Each of the slices includes a sampler circuit, a multiplexer, and a latch. In each slice, the multiplexer and the sampler circuit provide sampled output data corresponding to one of a plurality of different versions of the input data stream at times designated uniquely for the slice, according to one or more selection signals. The selection signals are derived from a output of the multiplexer of at least one other of the time-interleaved slices. The latch provides a controlled output in response to the multiplexer and the sampler circuit, as a function of the designated unique times.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 27/01 - Equalisers
• H04L 25/03 - Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks

Abstract

Various aspects are directed to the detection of tampering, as may be applicable to retail goods and a variety of implementations. As may be consistent with one or more embodiments, an apparatus includes a loop conductor having first and second ends and contiguous conductive material extending in a loop between the ends. A detection circuit detects continuity of the loop conductor and characteristics of power that is provided to the loop conductor and is indicative of validity of the continuity detection. A communication circuit communicates a wireless signal indicative of the detected electrical characteristics, and an energy circuit powers the loop conductor, detection circuit and communication circuit via received wireless power. Other aspects are further directed to an interrogator that provides the wireless power and evaluates the wireless signal to detect tampering with the conductive loop and validity thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G08B 21/18 - Status alarms
• H04B 5/00 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• G06K 19/073 - Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory

Abstract

A MOS varactor structure comprising a semiconductor body having a well region and a plurality of gate electrodes and a plurality of cathode electrodes arranged over the well region, wherein the gate electrodes comprise elongate pads, and the plurality of cathode contacts are connected by a cathode connection pattern, the cathode connection pattern comprising a plurality of arms, each of the plurality of arms arranged to extend over a part of a respective gate electrode pad.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 29/93 - Variable-capacitance diodes, e.g. varactors
• H03B 5/12 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
• H01L 29/66 - Types of semiconductor device
• H01L 27/08 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind
• H01L 29/94 - Metal-insulator-semiconductors, e.g. MOS
• H01L 29/423 - Electrodes characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
• H01L 23/482 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the semiconductor body

Abstract

A charge pump circuit is disclosed. The charge pump circuit includes a first circuit powered by a first supply voltage and configured to adjust a voltage of an output in response to first and second sets of control signals. The first circuit includes a set of transistors having respective switching voltages. A control circuit powered by a second voltage, less than the first supply voltage, is configured to generate the first and second sets of control signals. A voltage shifting circuit is configured to bias voltages of the first and second sets of control signals relative to the switching voltages.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03L 7/06 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
• H02M 3/07 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
• H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
• H03L 7/089 - Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses
• H03K 3/013 - Modifications of generator to prevent operation by noise or interference
• H03L 7/085 - Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
• H03L 7/099 - Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop

Goods & Services

Financial services, namely, providing private funds that invest in private and public securities.

Abstract

A controller for a switched mode power converter is disclosed, the switched mode power converter comprising a transformer defining a primary side circuit and a secondary side circuit, the primary side circuit comprising a primary switch, the secondary side circuit comprising a synchronous rectification switch, the controller comprising: a baseline off-set circuit configured to provide a baseline timing off-set between opening the synchronous rectification switch and closing the primary switch; a peak current detector configured to detect a peak negative current in the secondary side circuit; and a feedback circuit configured to add an off-set adaptation to the baseline timing off-set to provide an adapted timing off-set, wherein the feedback circuit is configured to adjust the off-set adaptation to minimize the negative peak current. A switched mode power converter and electronic equipment using such a controller is also disclose, as is a method for controlling a switch mode power converter.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

Goods & Services

(1) Financial services, namely, providing private funds that invest in private and public securities

Goods & Services

FINANCIAL SERVICES, NAMELY, PROVIDING PRIVATE FUNDS THAT INVEST IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECURITIES

Abstract

There is described an electronic device, the device comprising (a) a power supply terminal for connecting to a power supply (130, 330), (b) a first circuit (110, 310) coupled to be powered by the power supply, the first circuit (110, 310) being susceptible to power supply noise within a predetermined frequency range, and (c) a second circuit (120, 320) coupled to be powered by the power supply, the second circuit (120, 320) comprising an open-loop capacitive DC-DC converter (323) having a switching frequency outside of the predetermined frequency range. There is also described a system comprising an electronic device and a reader/writer device. Furthermore, there is described a method of manufacturing an electronic device.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 3/04 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
• H02M 1/14 - Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
• H02M 3/07 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
• H02M 1/00 - Details of apparatus for conversion