Abstract

Systems and methods disclose a practical implementation of optimal modulation (OM) for the Complex Additive White Gaussian Noise (CAWGN) channel. At the sender, we map from uniform distributions of data to non-uniform distributions of points in constellations by using a technique inspired by Huffman codes. We replace Gray codes with a bit mapping suited to our constellations, where different points may map to string of bits of different lengths. At the receiver, we perform distribution-aware detection. The differing lengths of bits for modulation points can used as a simple checking mechanism that, when combined with guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND), yields bit-error-rate (BER) advantages.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H04L 25/03 - Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks

Abstract

The invention relates to agents for use in preventing or treating an inflammatory disease or condition in a subject, wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is veratraldehyde, or piperonyl alcohol, or ethyl 2-amino benzoate, or isoamyl cinnamate, or diethyl malonate; and uses of methyl isoeugenol for arthritis.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 31/36 - Compounds containing methylenedioxyphenyl groups, e.g. sesamin
• A61K 9/00 - Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
• A61K 31/11 - Aldehydes
• A61K 31/216 - Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acids having aromatic rings, e.g. benactizyne, clofibrate
• A61K 31/225 - Polycarboxylic acids
• A61K 31/245 - Amino benzoic acid types, e.g. procaine, novocaine

Abstract

Methods for correcting errors arising in correlated received multi-symbol data by guessing noise effects at a receiver device are disclosed. In various embodiments, the ordering of symbol-level noise effects is informed by correlated soft information. A lattice of possible joint combinations of interfering symbols and/or symbols impacted by correlated noise is constructed. Then, determining a decoded codeword includes iteratively guessing new noise effects expressed as a set of lattice-point substitutions over a multi¬ symbol data block, and checking whether the data associated with the resultant lattice points form a codeword using a codebook membership function. In some embodiments, the decoder is restricted to testing a constrained collection number of lattice points and can abandon searching and declaring an erasure.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups
• H03M 13/45 - Soft decoding, i.e. using symbol reliability information

Abstract

We disclose a soft-detection variant of Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) called discretized soft-information for GRAND (DSGRAND) that can efficiently decode any moderate redundancy block-code in an algorithm that is suitable for highly parallelized implementation in hardware. DSGRAND provides near maximum likelihood decoding performance when provided with five or more bits of soft information per received bit, by discretizing the soft information into noise effect sequences and allocating those sequences into bins according to weight. The use of these bins provides a separate, simplified manner of sequencing noise guessing.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/45 - Soft decoding, i.e. using symbol reliability information
• H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups

Abstract

Systems and methods disclose a practical implementation of optimal modulation (OM) for the Complex Additive White Gaussian Noise (CAWGN) channel. At the sender, we map from uniform distributions of data to non-uniform distributions of points in constellations by using a technique inspired by Huffman codes. We replace Gray codes with a bit mapping suited to our constellations, where different points may map to string of bits of different lengths. At the receiver, we perform distribution-aware detection. The differing lengths of bits for modulation points can used as a simple checking mechanism that, when combined with guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND), yields bit-error-rate (BER) advantages.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 27/00 - Modulated-carrier systems
• G11B 20/14 - Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes
• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H04L 25/49 - Transmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitterTransmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using predistortionTransmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrumTransmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using three or more amplitude levels
• H04L 27/18 - Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying

Abstract

The invention relates to agents for use in preventing or treating an inflammatory disease or condition in a subject, wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is veratraldehyde, or piperonyl alcohol, or ethyl 2-amino benzoate, or isoamyl cinnamate, or diethyl malonate; and uses of methyl isoeugenol for arthritis.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 31/045 - Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcoholsSalts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
• A61K 31/11 - Aldehydes
• A61K 31/22 - Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
• A61K 31/222 - Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin with compounds having aromatic groups, e.g. dipivefrine, ibopamine
• A61P 9/00 - Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• A61P 19/00 - Drugs for skeletal disorders
• A61P 25/00 - Drugs for disorders of the nervous system

Abstract

Devices and methods described herein decode a sequence of coded symbols by guessing noise. In various embodiments, noise sequences are ordered, either during system initialization or on a periodic basis. Then, determining a codeword includes iteratively guessing a new noise sequence, removing its effect from received data symbols (e.g. by subtracting or using some other method of operational inversion), and checking whether the resulting data are a codeword using a codebook membership function. This process is deterministic, has bounded complexity, asymptotically achieves channel capacity as in convolutional codes, but has the decoding speed of a block code. In some embodiments, the decoder tests a bounded number of noise sequences, abandoning the search and declaring an erasure after these sequences are exhausted. Abandonment decoding nevertheless approximates maximum likelihood decoding within a tolerable bound and achieves channel capacity when the abandonment threshold is chosen appropriately.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/29 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H03M 13/05 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
• H03M 13/00 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes
• H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups

Abstract

Described are concepts, systems, devices and methods that enhance decoding performance of channels subject to correlated noise. The concepts, systems, devices and methods can be used with any combination of codes, code-rates and decoding techniques. In embodiments, a continuous realization of effective noise is estimated from a lead channel by subtracting its decoded output from its received signal. This estimate is then used to improve the accuracy of decoding of an otherwise orthogonal channel that is experiencing correlated effective noise. In this approach, channels aid each other through the post-decoding provision of estimates of effective noise. In some embodiments, the lead channel is not pre-determined, but is chosen dynamically based on which of a plurality of decoders completes first, or using soft information including an estimate of effective noise that is least energetic or most likely to have occurred.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 1/12 - Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements
• H04B 1/10 - Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference

Abstract

A way to design a codebook for estimating the type of a molecule at a particular location in a fluorescence microscopy image makes use of one or both of (1) knowledge of the non-uniform prior distribution of molecule types (i.e., some types are known a priori to occur more frequently than others) and/or knowledge of co-occurrence of molecule types at close locations (e.g., in a same cell); and (2) knowledge of a model of the (e.g., random) process that yields the intensities that are expected at a location when a molecule with a particular subset of markers (i.e., a molecule of a type that has been assigned a codeword that defines that subset) is present at that location. The codebook design may provide experimental efficiency by reducing the number of images that need to be acquired and/or improve classification or detection accuracy by making the codewords for different molecule types more distinctive.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06T 7/73 - Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
• G01N 21/64 - FluorescencePhosphorescence
• G06V 10/98 - Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern or by human interventionEvaluation of the quality of the acquired patterns
• G06V 20/00 - ScenesScene-specific elements
• G06V 20/69 - Microscopic objects, e.g. biological cells or cellular parts

Abstract

The present application concerns an iterative bit-flipping decoding method using symbol or bit reliabilities, which is a variation of GRAND decoding and is denoted by ordered reliability bits GRAND (ORBGRAND). It comprises receiving a plurality of demodulated symbols from a noisy transmission channel; and receiving for the plurality of demodulated symbols, information indicating a ranked order of reliability of at least the most unreliable information contained within the plurality of demodulated symbols. A sequence of putative noise patterns from a most likely pattern of noise affecting the plurality of symbols through one or more successively less likely noise patterns is provided. Responsive to the information contained within the plurality of symbols not corresponding with an element of a code-book comprising a set of valid codewords, a first in the sequence of putative noise patterns is used to invert the most unreliable information of the information contained within the plurality of symbols to obtain a potential codeword, and responsive to the potential codeword not corresponding with an element of the code-book, repeatedly: a next likely noise pattern from the sequence of putative noise patterns is applied to invert a noise effect on the received plurality of demodulated symbols to provide a potential codeword, each successive noise pattern indicating an inversion of information for one or more demodulated symbols for a next more reliable combination of information contained within the plurality of symbols, until the potential codeword corresponds with an element of the code-book.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups
• H03M 13/11 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
• H03M 13/45 - Soft decoding, i.e. using symbol reliability information
• H03M 13/00 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes

Abstract

Disclosed is a method of encrypting a data signal for providing to an input of a radio frequency transmitter, such as modulated baseband signals in the physical layer for wireless transmission. The method comprises receiving the data signal comprising one or more first frequency components with a first phase profile in a frequency band of interest; applying a dispersive encrypting signal filter to the data signal to generate an encrypted data signal comprising the one or more frequency components with a second phase profile, wherein the second phase profile is different to the first phase profile. Decryption is achieved by applying a decrypting filter to the encrypted data signal to substantially reverse the effect of the encrypting filter and recover the first phase profile.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 9/08 - Key distribution
• H04W 12/79 - Radio fingerprint
• H04W 12/122 - Counter-measures against attacksProtection against rogue devices
• H04W 12/037 - Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption of the control plane, e.g. signalling traffic

Abstract

Devices and methods described herein decode a sequence of coded symbols by guessing noise. In various embodiments, noise sequences are ordered, either during system initialization or on a periodic basis. Then, determining a codeword includes iteratively guessing a new noise sequence, removing its effect from received data symbols (e.g. by subtracting or using some other method of operational inversion), and checking whether the resulting data are a codeword using a codebook membership function. This process is deterministic, has bounded complexity, asymptotically achieves channel capacity as in convolutional codes, but has the decoding speed of a block code. In some embodiments, the decoder tests a bounded number of noise sequences, abandoning the search and declaring an erasure after these sequences are exhausted. Abandonment decoding nevertheless approximates maximum likelihood decoding within a tolerable bound and achieves channel capacity when the abandonment threshold is chosen appropriately.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/29 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H03M 13/05 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
• H03M 13/00 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes
• H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups

Abstract

Described is a decoder suitable for use with any communication or storage system. The described decoder has a modular decoder hardware architecture capable of implementing a noise guessing process and due to its dependency only on noise, the decoder design is independent of any encoder, thus making it a universal decoder. Hence, the decoder architecture described herein is agnostic to any coding scheme.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 11/10 - Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out nines or elevens
• H03M 13/05 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits

Abstract

An augmented connection graph can be created based on a task to be performed by a fog computing node by augmenting a connection graph representing plurality of IoT devices and connections among them. The augmenting can include adding to the connection graph data type nodes representing types of data processed by the fog computing node and adding connections between the data type nodes and IoT devices that generate the type of data represented by the respective data type nodes. A connection can be added between each pair of the IoT devices that are not currently connected and for which a level of correlation between the pair of IoT devices at least equals a threshold value. Based on the augmented connection graph, at least one of the IoT devices to assign to the fog computing node can be determined and assigned to the fog computing node.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 12/24 - Arrangements for maintenance or administration
• G16Y 30/00 - IoT infrastructure

Abstract

Described is a decoder suitable for use with any communication or storage system. The described decoder has a modular decoder hardware architecture capable of implementing a noise guessing process and due to its dependency only on noise, the decoder design is independent of any encoder, thus making it a universal decoder. Hence, the decoder architecture described herein is agnostic to any coding scheme.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/11 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
• H03M 13/00 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes
• H03M 13/27 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques

Abstract

pertussis toxin (PTX), and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) for prophylaxis or treatment of an allergen-driven airway pathology.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 39/09 - Streptococcus
• A61P 31/04 - Antibacterial agents
• A61K 39/02 - Bacterial antigens
• A61K 39/00 - Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies

Abstract

Described are concepts, systems, devices and methods that enhance decoding performance of channels subject to correlated noise. The concepts, systems, devices and methods can be used with any combination of codes, code-rates and decoding techniques. In embodiments, a continuous realization of effective noise is estimated from a lead channel by subtracting its decoded output from its received signal. This estimate is then used to improve the accuracy of decoding of an otherwise orthogonal channel that is experiencing correlated effective noise. In this approach, channels aid each other through the post-decoding provision of estimates of effective noise. In some embodiments, the lead channel is not pre-determined, but is chosen dynamically based on which of a plurality of decoders completes first, or using soft information including an estimate of effective noise that is least energetic or most likely to have occurred.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 1/12 - Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements
• H04B 1/10 - Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference

Abstract

Disclosed is a method of reducing the Instantaneous to Average Power Ratio, IAR, of a transmitter system, comprising the steps of: receiving an input digital signal comprising a plurality of samples; extracting magnitude information for each of the plurality of samples; selecting a plurality of samples whose magnitude exceeds a predefined threshold; sorting, by magnitude, the selected plurality of samples; selecting from the sorted plurality of samples, only those samples having a spacing more than a first pre-defined spacing and filtering those samples, using an FIR filter; subtracting the output of the FIR filter from a delayed version of the input digital signal to produce an output signal.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 27/26 - Systems using multi-frequency codes
• H03F 1/02 - Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
• H03F 3/24 - Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages

Abstract

Devices and methods described herein decode a sequence of coded symbols by guessing noise. In various embodiments, noise sequences are ordered, either during system initialization or on a periodic basis. Then, determining a codeword includes iteratively guessing a new noise sequence, removing its effect from received data symbols (e.g. by subtracting or using some other method of operational inversion), and checking whether the resulting data are a codeword using a codebook membership function. In various embodiments, soft information is used to generate a symbol mask that identifies the collection of symbols that are suspected to differ from the channel input, and only these are subject to guessing. This decoder embodies or approximates maximum likelihood (optionally with soft information) decoding for any code. In some embodiments, the decoder tests abounded number of noise sequences, abandoning the search and declaring an erasure after these sequences are exhausted.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 27/26 - Systems using multi-frequency codes
• H04L 27/01 - Equalisers
• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received

Abstract

A system and method for automatic differentiation are disclosed. The system and method provide automatic differentiation (AD) that accurately supports functions whose domains and/or ranges are functions. The system and method advantageously enable AD that is completely general and which can be applied in an unrestricted fashion to correctly compute the derivative of all programs that compute differentiable mathematical functions. This includes application to functions whose domain and/or ranges include the entire space of data types supported by programming languages, including not only aggregates but also functions. Moreover, the system and method advantageously remedy an insidious bug that would otherwise lead to incorrect results.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 17/10 - Complex mathematical operations

Abstract

Bordetella pertussis vaccine which is deficient for tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), pertussis toxin (PTX), and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) for prophylaxis or treatment of an allergen-driven airway pathology.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 39/02 - Bacterial antigens
• A61P 31/04 - Antibacterial agents
• A61K 39/00 - Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies

Abstract

Devices and methods described herein decode a sequence of coded symbols by guessing noise. In various embodiments, noise sequences are ordered, either during system initialization or on a periodic basis. Then, determining a codeword includes iteratively guessing a new noise sequence, removing its effect from received data symbols (e.g. by subtracting or using some other method of operational inversion), and checking whether the resulting data are a codeword using a codebook membership function. This process is deterministic, has bounded complexity, asymptotically achieves channel capacity as in convolutional codes, but has the decoding speed of a block code. In some embodiments, the decoder tests a bounded number of noise sequences, abandoning the search and declaring an erasure after these sequences are exhausted. Abandonment decoding nevertheless approximates maximum likelihood decoding within a tolerable bound and achieves channel capacity when the abandonment threshold is chosen appropriately.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/29 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H03M 13/05 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
• H03M 13/00 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes
• H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups

Abstract

Disclosed is a method of encrypting a data signal for providing to an input of a radio frequency transmitter, such as modulated baseband signals in the physical layer for wireless transmission. The method comprises receiving the data signal comprising one or more first frequency components with a first phase profile in a frequency band of interest; applying a dispersive encrypting signal filter to the data signal to generate an encrypted data signal comprising the one or more frequency components with a second phase profile, wherein the second phase profile is different to the first phase profile. Decryption is achieved by applying a decrypting filter to the encrypted data signal to substantially reverse the effect of the encrypting filter and recover the first phase profile. To be accompanied, when published, by figure 3 of the drawings.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04W 12/00 - Security arrangementsAuthenticationProtecting privacy or anonymity
• H04W 12/04 - Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
• H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols

Abstract

Disclosed is an onboard transceiver, for use on a maritime vessel, comprising: a steerable antenna, operable to produce a directional beam for communication with a remote antenna; a receiver operable to intercept an AIS transmission from the maritime vessel;a control system operable to steer the directional beam of the steerable antenna towards the remote antenna on the basis of information derived from the AIS transmission.

IPC Classes  ?

• B63B 49/00 - Arrangements of nautical instruments or navigational aids
• G01S 1/08 - Systems for determining direction or position line
• G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinationsPosition-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
• H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
• H04B 7/08 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
• H01Q 1/34 - Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
• H01Q 3/04 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation

Abstract

Bordetella pertussis vaccine which is deficient for tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), pertussis toxin (PTX), and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) for prophylaxis or treatment of an allergen-driven airway pathology.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 39/02 - Bacterial antigens
• A61P 31/04 - Antibacterial agents
• A61K 39/00 - Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies

Abstract

Provided is a method for correcting errors in a data transmission network, comprising: transmitting a plurality of uncoded information packets across a network path; transmitting a plurality of coded packets for recovering information packets lost in transmission across said network path, the coded packets being temporally interspersed among said uncoded information packets, wherein the coded packets are encoded based on information packets transmitted prior to a previously transmitted coded packet; and determining the interspersion of the coded packets according to a packet loss rate.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H03M 13/13 - Linear codes
• H03M 13/15 - Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
• H04L 1/18 - Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
• H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
• H04L 1/12 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
• H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
• H03M 13/05 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits

Abstract

A method for determining amplitude and phase correction coefficients for one or more signal processing paths across a frequency band of interest is provided. The method comprises transforming an input test signal from the time domain to the frequency domain to obtain an input magnitude spectrum and an input phase spectrum for the/each signal processing path. It further comprises transforming an/each respective output test signal from the time domain to the frequency domain to obtain an output magnitude spectrum and an output phase spectrum for the/each signal processing path. It also comprises comparing the/each input magnitude spectrum with its respective output magnitude spectrum to determine an amplitude correction coefficient for the/each signal processing path and/or comparing the/each input phase spectrum with its respective output phase spectrum, to determine a phase correction coefficient for the or each signal processing path.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 1/04 - Circuits
• H04B 1/71 - Interference-related aspects the interference being narrowband interference

Abstract

Devices and methods described herein decode a sequence of coded symbols by guessing noise. In various embodiments, noise sequences are ordered, either during system initialization or on a periodic basis. Then, determining a codeword includes iteratively guessing a new noise sequence, removing its effect from received data symbols (e.g. by subtracting or using some other method of operational inversion), and checking whether the resulting data are a codeword using a codebook membership function. This process is deterministic, has bounded complexity, asymptotically achieves channel capacity as in convolutional codes, but has the decoding speed of a block code. In some embodiments, the decoder tests a bounded number of noise sequences, abandoning the search and declaring an erasure after these sequences are exhausted. Abandonment decoding nevertheless approximates maximum likelihood decoding within a tolerable bound and achieves channel capacity when the abandonment threshold is chosen appropriately.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/29 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H03M 13/05 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
• H03M 13/00 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes
• H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups

Abstract

Devices and methods described herein decode a sequence of coded symbols by guessing noise. In various embodiments, noise sequences are ordered, either during system initialization or on a periodic basis. Then, determining a codeword includes iteratively guessing a new noise sequence, removing its effect from received data symbols (e.g. by subtracting or using some other method of operational inversion), and checking whether the resulting data are a codeword using a codebook membership function. In various embodiments, soft information is used to generate a symbol mask that identifies the collection of symbols that are suspected to differ from the channel input, and only these are subject to guessing. This decoder embodies or approximates maximum likelihood (optionally with soft information) decoding for any code. In some embodiments, the decoder tests a bounded number of noise sequences, abandoning the search and declaring an erasure after these sequences are exhausted.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received

Abstract

Devices and methods described herein decode a sequence of coded symbols by guessing noise. In various embodiments, noise sequences are ordered, either during system initialization or on a periodic basis. Then, determining a codeword includes iteratively guessing a new noise sequence, removing its effect from received data symbols (e.g. by subtracting or using some other method of operational inversion), and checking whether the resulting data are a codeword using a codebook membership function. This process is deterministic, has bounded complexity, asymptotically achieves channel capacity as in convolutional codes, but has the decoding speed of a block code. In some embodiments, the decoder tests a bounded number of noise sequences, abandoning the search and declaring an erasure after these sequences are exhausted. Abandonment decoding nevertheless approximates maximum likelihood decoding within a tolerable bound and achieves channel capacity when the abandonment threshold is chosen appropriately.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/29 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H03M 13/05 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
• H03M 13/00 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes
• H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups

Abstract

Devices and methods described herein decode a sequence of coded symbols by guessing noise. In various embodiments, noise sequences are ordered, either during system initialization or on a periodic basis. Then, determining a codeword includes iteratively guessing a new noise sequence, removing its effect from received data symbols (e.g. by subtracting or using some other method of operational inversion), and checking whether the resulting data are a codeword using a codebook membership function. This process is deterministic, has bounded complexity, asymptotically achieves channel capacity as in convolutional codes, but has the decoding speed of a block code. In some embodiments, the decoder tests a bounded number of noise sequences, abandoning the search and declaring an erasure after these sequences are exhausted. Abandonment decoding nevertheless approximates maximum likelihood decoding within a tolerable bound and achieves channel capacity when the abandonment threshold is chosen appropriately.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received

Abstract

Bordetella pertussis vaccine which is deficient for tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), pertussis toxin (PTX), and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) for prophylaxis or treatment of an allergen-driven airway pathology.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 39/02 - Bacterial antigens
• A61K 39/00 - Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies

Abstract

A system and method which allows the basic checkpoint-reverse-mode AD strategy (of recursively decomposing the computation to reduce storage requirements of reverse-mode AD) to be applied to arbitrary programs: not just programs consisting of loops, but programs with arbitrarily complex control flow. The method comprises (a) transforming the program into a formalism that allows convenient manipulation by formal tools, and (b) introducing a set of operators to allow computations to be decomposed by running them for a given period of time then pausing them, while treating the paused program as a value subject to manipulation.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 7/60 - Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radixComputing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations
• G06F 11/36 - Prevention of errors by analysis, debugging or testing of software
• G06F 17/10 - Complex mathematical operations
• G06G 7/48 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators

Abstract

Secrecy scheme systems and associated methods using list source codes for enabling secure communications in communications networks are provided herein. Additionally, improved information-theoretic metrics for characterizing and optimizing said secrecy scheme systems and associated methods are provided herein. One method of secure communication comprises receiving a data file at a first location, encoding the data file using a list source code to generate an encoded file, encrypting a select portion of the data file using a key to generate an encrypted file, and transmitting the encoded file and the encrypted file to an end user at a destination location, wherein the encoded file cannot be decoded at the destination location until the encrypted file has been received and decrypted by the end user, wherein the end user possesses the key.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/62 - Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
• H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
• H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
• H03M 13/11 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
• H03M 13/15 - Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes

Abstract

A method is disclosed for transmitting data between a source node and destination node connected via multiple paths of a heterogeneous network, at least one of the paths delivering packets with a non-deterministic delivery time. Data is divided into frames, each frame comprising a number of packets, where processing by the destination node of an information packet p is conditional on receipt of the data for any information packet i where i

IPC Classes  ?

• H04W 4/00 - Services specially adapted for wireless communication networksFacilities therefor
• H04L 12/841 - Flow control actions using time consideration, e.g. round trip time [RTT]
• H04L 12/891 - Flow control of aggregated links or flows
• H04L 12/803 - Load balancing, e.g. traffic distribution over multiple links
• H04L 12/801 - Flow control or congestion control
• H04L 12/875 - Delay-aware scheduling

Abstract

A computer-implemented method of controlling a power take-off (PTO) of an energy converter apparatus having at least one body which receives energy from their environment and whose energy is absorbed by said PTO is described. The method involves: (a) receiving an input describing the motion of the at least one body making up the apparatus; (b) predicting the excitation force Fex which will be incident on the body over a prediction horizon Hp, by approximating said excitation force using generalised truncated half-range Chebyshev-Fourier (HRCF) basis functions; (c) solving an optimal control problem, defined in terms of optimising a cost function J representing the energy absorbed by the PTO over the prediction horizon Hp, using a HRCF pseudospectral optimal control wherein the state and control variables are approximated by their truncated half-range Chebyshev Fourier series to generate an optimal reference trajectory; (d) providing as an output to said PTO a control signal adapted to cause the PTO to approximate said optimal reference trajectory; and (e) repeating steps (a) to (d) after a calculation interval Tc where Tc < Hp.

IPC Classes  ?

• F03B 13/14 - Adaptations of machines or engines for special useCombinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatusPower stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
• F03B 15/00 - Controlling
• G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators

Abstract

Disclosed is a method of reducing the Instantaneous to Average Power Ratio, IAR, of a transmitter system, comprising the steps of: receiving an input digital signal comprising a plurality of samples; extracting magnitude information for each of the plurality of samples; selecting a plurality of samples whose magnitude exceeds a predefined threshold; sorting, by magnitude, the selected plurality of samples; selecting from the sorted plurality of samples, only those samples having a spacing more than a first predefined spacing and filtering those samples, using an FIR filter; subtracting the output of the FIR filter from a delayed version of the input digital signal to produce an output signal.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03F 1/32 - Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
• H04L 27/26 - Systems using multi-frequency codes

Abstract

Provided is a method for correcting errors in a data transmission network, comprising: transmitting a plurality of uncoded information packets across a network path; transmitting a plurality of coded packets for recovering information packets lost in transmission across said network path, the coded packets being temporally interspersed among said uncoded information packets, wherein the coded packets are encoded based on information packets transmitted prior to a previously transmitted coded packet; and determining the interspersion of the coded packets according to a packet loss rate.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H03M 13/15 - Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
• H04L 1/18 - Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
• H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
• H04L 1/12 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
• H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
• H03M 13/13 - Linear codes
• H03M 13/05 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits

Abstract

A method is disclosed for transmitting data between a source node and destination node connected via multiple paths of a heterogeneous network, at least one of the paths delivering packets with a non-deterministic delivery time. Data is divided into frames, each frame comprising a number of packets, where processing by the destination node of an information packet p is conditional on receipt of the data for any information packet i where i

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 12/891 - Flow control of aggregated links or flows
• H04L 12/803 - Load balancing, e.g. traffic distribution over multiple links
• H04L 12/841 - Flow control actions using time consideration, e.g. round trip time [RTT]

Abstract

A signal processing stage for an amplifier comprises an input arranged to receive a modulated input signal (Input Signal) and a converter (40) for splitting the modulated input signal (Input Signal) into a magnitude signal component (Signal Magnitude) and a phase signal component (Signal Phase). A detector (46) detects a time (Tc) when the magnitude signal has a magnitude less than a threshold level (M). A phase modifier (44) modifies the phase signal by reducing a maximum rate of change of the phase signal component while the magnitude signal is less than the threshold level. A combiner (48) combines a magnitude signal derived from the magnitude signal with the modified phase signal to provide a modulated output signal for amplification.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03F 1/32 - Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
• H03F 1/02 - Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
• H03F 3/24 - Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
• H04L 27/36 - Modulator circuitsTransmitter circuits

Abstract

An apparatus and method for use in treating tinnitus, employs a sound processing unit, a tactile unit, and an interface therebetween. The tactile unit comprises an array of stimulators each of which can be independently actuated to apply a tactile stimulus to a subject, and an input for receiving a plurality of actuation signals from the interface and directing individual actuation signals to individual stimulators. The sound processing unit receives an audio signal at an input, analyses the signal with a digital signal processor to generate the actuation signals which are representative of the audio signal, and provides the plurality of actuation signals to the interface. In a preferred embodiment the digital signal processor divides the audio signal into a series of frames in the time domain, performs a transform on each frame to generate a set of coefficients representing said frame, and maps the set of coefficients to a set of actuation signals to be applied to the array.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04R 25/00 - Deaf-aid sets
• A61M 21/02 - Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousnessDevices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis for inducing sleep or relaxation, e.g. by direct nerve stimulation, hypnosis, analgesia
• A61F 11/04 - Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense, e.g. through the touch sense
• H04R 1/46 - Special adaptations for use as contact microphones, e.g. on musical instrument, on stethoscope
• H04R 1/02 - CasingsCabinetsMountings therein
• A61M 21/00 - Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousnessDevices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis

Abstract

Provided is a method for correcting errors in a data transmission network, comprising: transmitting a plurality of uncoded information packets across a network path; transmitting a plurality of coded packets for recovering information packets lost in transmission across said network path, the coded packets being temporally interspersed among said uncoded information packets, wherein the coded packets are encoded based on information packets transmitted prior to a previously transmitted coded packet; and determining the interspersion of the coded packets according to a packet loss rate.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals

Abstract

Bordetella pertussis vaccine which is deficient for tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), pertussis toxin (PTX), and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) for prophylaxis or treatment of an allergen-driven airway pathology.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 39/02 - Bacterial antigens
• A61K 39/00 - Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies

Abstract

A method for mapping an environment comprises moving a sensor along a path from a start location (P0) through the environment, the sensor generating a sequence of images, each image associated with a respective estimated sensor location and comprising a point cloud having a plurality of vertices, each vertex comprising an (x,y,z)-tuple and image information for the tuple. The sequence of estimated sensor locations is sampled to provide a pose graph (P) comprising a linked sequence of nodes, each corresponding to a respective estimated sensor location. For each node of the pose graph (P), a respective cloud slice (C) comprising at least of portion of the point cloud for the sampled sensor location is acquired. A drift between an actual sensor location (Pi+1) and an estimated sensor location (Pi) on the path is determined. A corrected pose graph (P') indicating a required transformation for each node of the pose graph (P) between the actual sensor location (Pi+1) and the start location (P0) to compensate for the determined drift is provided. The sequence of estimated sensor locations is sampled to provide a deformation graph (N) comprising a linked sequence of nodes, each corresponding to respective estimated sensor locations along the path. For at least a plurality of the vertices in the cloud slices, a closest set of K deformation graph nodes is identified and a respective blending function based on the respective distances of the identified graph nodes to a vertex is determined. Transformation coefficients for each node of the deformation graph are determined as a function of the 20 required transformation for each node of the pose graph (P) to compensate for the determined drift. Tuple coordinates for a vertex are transformed to compensate for sensor drift as a function of the blending function and the transformation coefficients for the K deformation graph nodes closest to the vertex.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis

Abstract

The invention concerns the use of Pellino1, Pellino2 or Pellino3 protein as a diagnostic marker for Crohn's disease.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07K 14/47 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from animalsPeptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from humans from vertebrates from mammals
• G01N 33/68 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids

Abstract

Secrecy scheme systems and associated methods using list source codes for enabling secure communications in communications networks are provided herein. Additionally, improved information-theoretic metrics for characterizing and optimizing said secrecy scheme systems and associated methods are provided herein. One method of secure communication comprises receiving a data file at a first location, encoding the data file using a list source code to generate an encoded file, encrypting a select portion of the data file using a key to generate an encrypted file, and transmitting the encoded file and the encrypted file to an end user at a destination location, wherein the encoded file cannot be decoded at the destination location until the encrypted file has been received and decrypted by the end user, wherein the end user possesses the key.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04K 1/04 - Secret communication by frequency scrambling, i.e. by transposing or inverting parts of the frequency band or by inverting the whole band

Abstract

This invention concerns an isolated peptide having the partial sequence of human full-length Pellino-3 protein comprising amino acid residues 37–51 of said Pellino-3 protein, or an analogue thereof having anti-inflammatory activity, pharmaceutical compositions containing it and its use in the treatment or prophylaxis of inflammatory diseases and disorders.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07K 14/435 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from animalsPeptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from humans

Abstract

A process of electrochemically reducing an aromatic diazonium salt on a substrate surface, the process comprising the steps of: i) contacting the substrate surface with a solution comprising the aromatic diazonium salt in an aprotic medium; and ii) applying a constant negative potential to the substrate relative to a reference electrode which is also in contact with the aromatic diazonium salt. Also claimed is a substrate obtainable by this process and the use of the substrate for detection of a pH change.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 27/30 - Electrodes, e.g. test electrodesHalf-cells
• G01N 27/416 - Systems

Abstract

An apparatus and method for use in treating tinnitus, employs a sound processing unit, a tactile unit, and an interface therebetween. The tactile unit comprises an array of stimulators each of which can be independently actuated to apply a tactile stimulus to a subject, and an input for receiving a plurality of actuation signals from the interface and directing individual actuation signals to individual stimulators. The sound processing unit receives an audio signal at an input, analyses the signal with a digital signal processor to generate the actuation signals which are representative of the audio signal, and provides the plurality of actuation signals to the interface. In a preferred embodiment the digital signal processor divides the audio signal into a series of frames in the time domain, performs a transform on each frame to generate a set of coefficients representing said frame, and maps the set of coefficients to a set of actuation signals to be applied to the array.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04R 25/00 - Deaf-aid sets
• H04R 1/46 - Special adaptations for use as contact microphones, e.g. on musical instrument, on stethoscope
• A61F 11/04 - Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense, e.g. through the touch sense
• H04R 1/02 - CasingsCabinetsMountings therein

Abstract

Bordetella pertussis vaccine which is deficient for tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), pertussis toxin (PTX), and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) for prophylaxis or treatment of an allergen-driven airway pathology.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 39/10 - BrucellaBordetella, e.g. Bordetella pertussis

Abstract

A synchronisation system for correlating positioning data and video data comprises a synchronisation unit which is arranged to: emit an identifier capable of being imaged by a video camera; store the identifier correlated in time with a trail of positioning data corresponding to sequential locations of the synchronisation unit, and communicate the positioning data and correlated identifier to a processing computer. A processing module is operable to run on a processing computer and is arranged to analyse a sequence of video data to locate the imaged identifier and to determine a time within the video data at which the identifier is located.

IPC Classes  ?

• G11B 27/11 - IndexingAddressingTiming or synchronisingMeasuring tape travel by using information not detectable on the record carrier
• G11B 27/28 - IndexingAddressingTiming or synchronisingMeasuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
• G01C 21/36 - Input/output arrangements for on-board computers

Abstract

The present invention relates to compounds having the general formula (I) as described herein; methods of preparing said compounds; and their use in treating Type 1 and/or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The compounds were assayed for binding to serum retinol binding protein (sRBP) and for disruption of the sRBP:transthyretin (TTR) and sRBP:sRBP receptor interaction. The compounds were also assayed for their ability to induce glucose uptake into mouse muscle cells. Also described is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to the first aspect of the present invention, and use thereof in treating Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 231/12 - Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• C07D 307/38 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
• C07D 333/10 - Thiophene
• C07D 409/12 - Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• C07D 295/185 - Radicals derived from carboxylic acids from aliphatic carboxylic acids
• A61K 31/4535 - Non-condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a heterocyclic ring having sulfur as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pizotifen
• A61K 31/496 - Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• A61P 3/04 - AnorexiantsAntiobesity agents
• A61P 3/10 - Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for detecting infections caused by or associated with siderophore-secreting microorganisms and kits and components used therein for carrying out the method. In one aspect the invention relates to a method for detecting siderophores and/or detecting infections caused by or associated with siderophore-secreting microorganisms in a biological sample of a subject, the method comprising providing a solid support having either bound siderophore or a conjugate thereof, or bound anti-siderophore antibody; reacting the bound siderophore or a conjugate thereof, with an anti-siderophore antibody, and a biological sample of a subject; or reacting the bound anti-siderophore antibody with a siderophore or conjugate thereof, and a biological sample of a subject; and detecting and/or quantifying the presence of the siderophore in the biological sample.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 39/385 - Haptens or antigens, bound to carriers
• A61K 47/48 - Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers, inert additives the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer drug conjugates
• C07K 16/44 - Immunoglobulins, e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material not provided for elsewhere
• G01N 33/569 - ImmunoassayBiospecific binding assayMaterials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
• G01N 33/68 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids

Abstract

An apparatus and method for use in treating tinnitus, employs a sound processing unit, a tactile unit, and an interface therebetween. The tactile unit comprises an array of stimulators each of which can be independently actuated to apply a tactile stimulus to a subject, and an input for receiving a plurality of actuation signals from the interface and directing individual actuation signals to individual stimulators. The sound processing unit receives an audio signal at an input, analyses the signal with a digital signal processor to generate the actuation signals which are representative of the audio signal, and provides the plurality of actuation signals to the interface. In a preferred embodiment the digital signal processor divides the audio signal into a series of frames in the time domain, performs a transform on each frame to generate a set of coefficients representing said frame, and maps the set of coefficients to a set of actuation signals to be applied to the array.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61F 11/04 - Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense, e.g. through the touch sense

Abstract

A method of providing a digital watermark in an audio signal comprises selecting a key frequency value determining how watermark information is to be embedded into a first time frame of the audio signal. A plurality of discrete frequency component values of the audio signal is provided for the first time frame. At least two frequency components for the time frame are selected as a function of the key frequency value. The two frequency components are tested to determine if they meet a given mutual criterion for the signal in the first time frame. If the components do not meet the criterion, the magnitude of at least one of the two frequency components is adjusted in the first time frame.

IPC Classes  ?

• G10L 19/00 - Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocodersCoding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis

Abstract

An electrospray head for use in an electrospraying apparatus comprises a body with an internal surface defining a conduit having an inlet for receiving a fluid to be sprayed and an outlet for emitting the fluid. A movable wall forms a part of the internal surface defining the conduit, the movable wall being arranged to constrict or dilate the conduit upon operation of the actuator. The movable wall can thus control the delivery of fluid through the outlet from the conduit.

IPC Classes  ?

• B05B 5/00 - Electrostatic spraying apparatusSpraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electricallyApparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
• A61M 1/00 - Suction or pumping devices for medical purposesDevices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquidsDrainage systems
• A61M 15/02 - Inhalators with activated or ionized gasesOzone-inhalators
• B05B 9/04 - Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquid or other fluent material without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible containerSpraying apparatus for discharge of liquid or other fluent material without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pump
• B05B 1/32 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages in which a valve member forms part of the outlet opening
• A61M 16/04 - Tracheal tubes
• B05B 1/30 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
• B05B 5/025 - Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
• B05B 5/16 - Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material
• B05B 1/14 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openingsNozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with strainers in or outside the outlet opening

Abstract

The present invention relates to a life attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine which is deficient for tracheal cyto-toxin (TCT), pertussis toxin (PTX), and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) for prophylaxis or treatment of an allergen-driven airway pathology.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 39/10 - BrucellaBordetella, e.g. Bordetella pertussis

Abstract

The present invention relates to a life attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine which is deficient for tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), pertussis toxin (PTX), and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) for prophylaxis or treatment of an allergen-driven airway pathology.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 39/10 - BrucellaBordetella, e.g. Bordetella pertussis

Abstract

A method for sending text messages operates in a server in communication with a client and a messaging service server across a packet switched network. The method comprises receiving information from a user at the client across the network; and responsive to the information identifying a member of a messaging service who has authorised the user to avail of the member's messaging service, the messaging service enabling the member to send text messages addressed to a destination phone number, retrieving credentials associated with the member's phone account. The server accesses the member's account at a messaging service server using the credentials; and sends a text message to a destination from the message service server using the member's account.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/08 - Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks

Abstract

A sensor for the detection of chemical messengers is described herein. In particular, a sensor for the detection of serotonin is reported. Serotonin plays a pivotal role as a neurotransmitter in the modulation of a myriad of physiological responses including anger, aggression, mood, sleep, sexuality, and appetite. An electrode for detecting serotonin comprising a conducting or semi-conducting substrate, and a polymer material on said substrate is disclosed. Said polymer comprises a conducting polymer doped with a cyclodextrin macrocycle. Suitable polymer materials include polypyrroles and polythiophenes, e.g. PEDOT. Suitable cyclodextrin macrocycles include anionic cyclodextrin macrocycles, for example sulfonated β-cyclodextrins (CDs). Also disclosed is a sensor capable of selectively detecting serotonin in the presence of ascorbic acid, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 33/487 - Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
• G01N 33/543 - ImmunoassayBiospecific binding assayMaterials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
• G01N 33/94 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing involving narcotics

Abstract

Techniques for combining electrochemical measurements of the brain or spinal cord by voltammetry together with a scan such as magnetic resonance imaging or spectroscopy, e.g. fMRI. The techniques use particular microelectrodes, such as carbon fibre or carbon paste electrodes which do not affect the magnetic resonance measurements. The techniques allow the correlation of voltammetry and magnetic resonance measurements which in turn allows one to be used for substitution of the other in appropriate circumstances and also allows the translation of results in animal models to the human model.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes Identification of persons
• A61B 5/055 - Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fieldsMeasuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
• G01R 33/28 - Details of apparatus provided for in groups
• G01R 33/563 - Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques of moving material, e.g. flow-contrast angiography
• A61B 6/03 - Computed tomography [CT]

Abstract

A non-auxotrophic selection marker located in a gene cluster encoding a metabolite for an organism, such as a fungus, lacking said marker is provided. The selection marker gene can be used to detect and confirm the introduction of foreign genes without the use of exogenous drug-resistant genes to facilitate transformant selection. The selection marker gene can be applied to detect the presence of fungal infection and predict the likelihood of the development of disease or allergic response at an early stage so that medical intervention may be sought.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 15/65 - Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectorsVectorsUse of hosts thereforRegulation of expression using markers
• C12N 1/14 - Fungi Culture media therefor

Abstract

This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition. In particular, it relates to a virally encoded form of a Pellino protein and its use in the regulation of signalling pathways that are associated with immune disorders.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 15/39 - Poxviridae, e.g. vaccinia virus, variola virus
• C07K 14/065 - Poxviridae, e.g. avipoxvirus
• C12N 1/15 - Fungi Culture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
• C12N 1/21 - BacteriaCulture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
• C12N 5/10 - Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material, e.g. virus-transformed cells
• A61K 38/16 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof

Abstract

An antenna array comprises a surface comprising a replicated pattern of conductive tracks, the tracks defining a plurality of ports. A plurality of antennae are located at ports distributed about the surface. A plurality of radiative transceivers are electrically connected to a respective antenna. A plurality of reference transceivers are electrically connected to a non-radiative impedance located at a respective port so that each reference transceiver is surrounded by a group of antennae and electrically coupled to the group of antennae by the tracks. At least one antenna from at least one group of antennae belongs to one other group of antennae. Calibration circuitry includes a controller associated with each reference transceiver, each controller being arranged to transmit a calibration signal through an associated reference transceiver and to receive and store a received calibration signal from a selected transceiver for the group of antennae coupled to the reference transceiver. Each controller is further arranged to receive and store a calibration signal from the selected transceiver for the group of antennae coupled to the reference transceiver. The calibration circuitry further includes for each other transceiver for the group of antenna, circuitry for adjusting the phase and amplitude of signals transmitted and received by the radiative transceivers relative to the stored calibration signals for the selected radiative transceiver.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01S 7/40 - Means for monitoring or calibrating

Abstract

An electrospray head for use in an electrospraying apparatus comprises a body with an internal surface defining a conduit having an inlet for receiving a fluid to be sprayed and an outlet for emitting the fluid. A movable wall forms a part of the internal surface defining the conduit, the movable wall being arranged to constrict or dilate the conduit upon operation of the actuator. The movable wall can thus control the delivery of fluid through the outlet from the conduit.

IPC Classes  ?

• B05B 1/30 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
• B05B 5/00 - Electrostatic spraying apparatusSpraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electricallyApparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
• A61M 15/02 - Inhalators with activated or ionized gasesOzone-inhalators

Abstract

The invention provides a method for detecting 4 -phosphopantetheinyl transferase (4 PPTase) activity, the method comprising the steps of: (a) immobilising a carrier protein domain or a functional fragment thereof on a solid support suitable for this purpose; (b) reacting the immobilised carrier protein domain or functional fragment thereof of step (a) with labelled coenzyme A and 4' PPTase to form a labelled carrier protein or functional fragment thereof; and (c) detecting the presence of the labelled carrier protein domain or functional fragment thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 33/535 - Production of labelled immunochemicals with enzyme label
• G01N 33/58 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing involving labelled substances
• G01N 33/573 - ImmunoassayBiospecific binding assayMaterials therefor for enzymes or isoenzymes
• G01N 33/68 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
• C12Q 1/48 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions involving transferase
• C07K 14/435 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from animalsPeptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from humans
• C07K 14/195 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from bacteria

Abstract

A controller has at least one control element for operation by a user, for example by being deformed or displaced by the user's digits. The controller has a vibrational sensor for detecting a first vibrational signal caused by deformation or displacement of the control element due to a contact action caused by a user and/or a recovery from such a deformation or displacement of the control element. The controller may also have a textured surface for being scratched or stroked by the user to cause corresponding vibrational signals. The controller further includes processing means for processing the vibrational signal to enable classification into corresponding characteristic classes of vibrational signal from which a control signal is derivable. The controller may be used, for example, to control a music player or a mobile telephone.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 3/043 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using propagating acoustic waves

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for diagnosing an infection in a mammalian subject caused by or associated with siderophore-secreting microorganisms, the method comprising contacting a biological sample from said subject with a liquid reagent comprising chrome azurol S (CAS), wherein, prior to contacting the biological sample with the liquid reagent comprising CAS, the biological sample has been diluted by no more than 12%; and determining the presence of siderophores in the biological sample. In a particularly preferred embodiment, prior to contacting the biological sample with the reagent comprising CAS, the sample has not been diluted.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12Q 1/04 - Determining presence or kind of microorganismUse of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocidesCompositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
• G01N 33/52 - Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper

Abstract

An electrode comprising: a conducting substrate for detecting an electroactive agent; a catalytic agent held on the substrate for converting a non-electroactive agent to an electroactive agent by a catalytic process which consumes oxygen; and an oxygen reservoir, for releasing oxygen to feed the catalytic process, held within a polymer matrix on the substrate. The electrode allows for detection of materials such as glucose when using oxidase enzymes. The invention solves the problem of fluctuation or depletion of oxygen in the environment in which the measurements are being taken.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12Q 1/00 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for synthesis of a non-primary facial expression. The method comprises acquiring a facial image and calculating a shape and a texture for each of a plurality of primary facial expressions for the facial image. The method further comprises the step of generating a subject-specific model of the face including each of the primary facial expressions using the calculated shapes and textures. The method also comprises selecting an expression vector corresponding to a non-primary facial expression to be synthesised and applying the expression vector to the model to synthesise a facial image having the selected non-primary facial expression. The invention also relates to a system for synthesis of a non-primary facial expression and to a method for generating an expression look-up table.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06K 9/00 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints
• G06T 15/70 -

Abstract

A switched mode class- S power amplifier comprises a sigma-delta modulator with a digital input, a power switch connected to the output of the sigma-delta modulator providing the power amplifier output, and a feedback mechanism. The sigma-delta modulator has a high-pass transfer function and uses an offset switching frequency to remove an unwanted image over half of the switching frequency. The amplifier may have a filter to remove unwanted fold-over image. There may be at least two modulators arranged in parallel, and there may be a complex filter for constructively combining the modulator outputs.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 7/00 - Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
• H03F 3/217 - Class D power amplifiersSwitching amplifiers

Abstract

A method of digital holography comprises illuminating an object S, rotating the object wavefield relative to a digital holographic sensor CCD so that the object wavefield is shifted across the recording surface of the sensor, and recording a plurality of digital holograms ('input holograms') at respective angular positions of the object wavefield. The input holograms are combined to create an output digital hologram having a higher resolution that any of the input holograms. The object wavefield may be rotated by rotating the object (in the case of a 2-D object) or by rotating a mirror interposed between the object and the sensor (in the case of a 3-D object).

IPC Classes  ?

• G03H 1/08 - Synthesising holograms
• G03H 1/26 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique

Abstract

This invention relates to a peptide of the formula B-Cys-X-Lys-Lys-Z-Gly-B1X1 wherein: B is a sequence of 1-10 amino acid residues or an amino terminal group; X is a sequence of 1-4 amino acid residues which may be the same or different, the or each amino acid residue having a pKᡶ7; Z is a sequence of 2-4 amino acid residues with the proviso that the first amino acid residue in the sequence and which is linked to the preceding lysine residue has a pKᡶ7; B1 is a sequence of two amino acids, which may be the same or different, selected from lysine and/or arginine; and X1 is a sequence of 1-15 amino acid residues or a carboxy-terminal group comprising at least one amino acid residue having a polar, uncharged side chain or a positively charged side chain at pH 7.0 (pKᡶ7); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The formula peptide has anti-microbial activity, especially anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07K 14/52 - CytokinesLymphokinesInterferons

Abstract

An antenna array comprises a surface comprising a replicated pattern of conductive tracks, the tracks defining a plurality of ports. A plurality of antennae are located at ports distributed about the surface. A plurality of radiative transceivers are electrically connected to a respective antenna. A plurality of reference transceivers are electrically connected to a non- radiative impedance located at a respective port so that each reference transceiver is surrounded by a group of antennae and electrically coupled to the group of antennae by the tracks. At least one antenna from at least one group of antennae belongs to one other group of antennae. Calibration circuitry includes a controller associated with each reference transceiver, each controller being arranged to transmit a calibration signal through an associated reference transceiver and to receive and store a received calibration signal from a selected transceiver for the group of antennae coupled to the reference transceiver. Each controller is further arranged to receive and store a calibration signal from the selected transceiver for the group of antennae coupled to the reference transceiver. The calibration circuitry further includes for each other transceiver for the group of antenna, circuitry for adjusting the phase and amplitude of signals transmitted and received by the radiative transceivers relative to the stored calibration signals for the selected radiative transceiver.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01Q 3/26 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elementsArrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
• H04B 17/00 - MonitoringTesting

Abstract

A method operable in a router for sizing a buffer, comprises assigning a buffer, provided in a router, a logical buffer size. A performance of a network connected to the router is measured and compared to a target performance. The logical buffer size is selectively adjusted in response to the comparison.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 12/56 - Packet switching systems

Abstract

A method of evoking a response from a subject is disclosed. The method comprises modulating a characteristic of a stimulus with a signal comprising a non-binary sequence, and measuring the subject's response to the stimulus. The subjects measured response is correlated with the modulated signal to produce an impulse response for the subject.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 13/00 - Instruments for depressing the tongue

Abstract

Methods for determining the height, horizontal position, and lateral position of the centre of gravity of a vehicle are disclosed. The methods comprise constructing a plurality of models of vehicle behaviour, each model including a plurality of parameters that determine vehicle behaviour including parameters that define the position of the centre of gravity. The method then measures actual vehicle behaviour during operation of the vehicle. The actual behaviour and the behaviour predicted by the models are then compared to determine which of the models most effectively predicts behaviour of the vehicle. The model that is most effective in predicting the actual behaviour of the vehicle is then assumed to include amongst its parameters an estimate of the position of the centre of gravity of the vehicle.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01M 1/12 - Static balancingDetermining position of centre of gravity

Abstract

i may be set as the value of the round-trip time of data traversing the link or based on the minimum of the mean inter-packet time.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/08 - Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
• G06F 11/00 - Error detectionError correctionMonitoring