A composition, including 40-50 wt-% C14 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, and 35-45 wt-% C15 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the C14 and C15 paraffins are produced from a biological raw material.
The present invention provides a method for simultaneous production of components suitable for production of base oil and fuel components. In the method a feedstock comprising fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters is entered into a reaction zone and subjected to a ketonization reaction in the presence of a dual catalyst system. This system is configured to perform a ketonization reaction and a hydrotreatment reaction, under hydrogen pressure. Subsequently ketones are obtained.
C07C 45/41 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by hydrogenolysis or reduction of carboxylic groups or functional derivatives thereof
C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
C11C 3/12 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by hydrogenation
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C11C 1/00 - Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxesRefining the fatty acids
C07C 45/54 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition of compounds containing doubly bound oxygen atoms, e.g. esters
C10M 105/24 - Carboxylic acids or their salts having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
B01J 23/887 - Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups
C07C 5/27 - Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
The present invention relates to microorganism biomass and a feed or food composition which can be used in preventing or reducing the adverse effects of pathogens in animal or human digestive tract. The biomass comprises non-living microorganism biomass obtainable by cultivating microorganism strains on a cultivation medium comprising lignocellulosic material.
The present invention relates to microorganism biomass and a feed or food composition which can be used in preventing or reducing the adverse effects of mycotoxins in animal or human digestive tract. The biomass comprises non- living microorganism biomass obtainable by cultivating microorganism strains on a cultivation medium comprising lignocellulosic material.
The use of bio oil from at least one renewable source in a hydrotreatment process, in which process hydrocarbons are formed from said glyceride oil in a catalytic reaction, and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron. A bio oil intermediate including bio oil from at least one renewable source and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
A23D 9/007 - Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
C11C 3/12 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by hydrogenation
C07C 5/27 - Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
C07C 69/604 - Polycarboxylic acid esters, the acid moiety containing more than two carboxyl groups
C07C 69/66 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
6.
OLEAGINOUS BACTERIAL CELLS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING LIPIDS
This invention relates to cells and methods for producing lipids using cellulosic carbon source. More specifically the invention relates to oleaginous bacterial cells, wherein genes encoding at least one cellulolytic activity has been introduced. This invention also relates to methods for lipid production by cultivating an oleaginous bacterial strain or strains capable of expressing one or more cellulolytic activity.
C12N 1/21 - BacteriaCulture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
C12N 1/22 - Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
C12N 15/74 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 9/42 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase
7.
OLEAGINOUS BACTERIAL CELLS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING LIPIDS
This invention relates to cells and methods for producing lipids using cellulosic carbon source. More specifically the invention relates to oleaginous bacterial cells, wherein genes encoding at least one cellulolytic activity has been introduced. This invention also relates to methods for lipid production by cultivating an oleaginous bacterial strain or strains capable of expressing one or more cellulolytic activity.
C12N 1/21 - BacteriaCulture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
C12N 1/22 - Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
C12N 15/74 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 9/42 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase
A method of purifying a gas stream formed from a process wherein a glyceride containing raw material is converted to hydrocarbon paraffins. The gas stream contains hydrogen or carbon dioxide as a major component and at least one sulphurous component selected from sulphide compounds as an impurity. The gas is contacted with an acidic aqueous wash solution of transition metal ions capable of binding to sulphide ions. A significant portion of the sulphide compounds contained in the gas are bound into practically insoluble transition metal sulphide compounds to remove sulphide compounds from the gas to produce a purified gas. The obtained purified gas is recovered. The method efficiently lowers sulphide concentrations to ppm or sub-ppm level and it can be implemented on an industrial scale with low investment costs. The metal can be recovered.
A method of purifying a gas stream derived from a process wherein a glyceride containing raw-material is converted to hydrocarbon paraffins. The gas stream contains hydrogen or carbon dioxide as a major component and at least one sulphurous component selected from sulphide compounds as an impurity. According to the invention, the gas is contacted with an acidic aqueous wash solution of transition metal ions capable of binding to sulphide ions; a significant portion of the sulphide compounds contained in the gas are bound into practically insoluble transition metal sulphide compounds to remove sulphide compounds from the gas to produce a purified gas; and the obtained purified gas is recovered. The method will efficiently lower sulphide concentrations to ppm or sub-ppm level and it can be implemented on an industrial scale with low investment costs. The metal can be recovered.
eqv-%) calculated based on the heating values given in the European Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. By means of the invention, fuels with a high bioenergy content are provided which can be used in conventional gasoline-fuelled automotive engines.
The present invention provides a method for simultaneous production of components suitable for production of base oil and fuel components. In the method a feedstock comprising fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters is entered into a reaction zone and subjected to a ketonisation reaction in the presence of a dual catalyst system. This system is configured to perform a ketonisation reaction and a hydrotreatment reaction, under hydrogen pressure. Subsequently ketones are obtained.
The present invention provides a method for increasing hydrocarbon chain length. The method comprises providing a feedstock comprising fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters with hydrocarbon chain length below C23 into a reaction zone in which ketonisation is conducted in the presence of a hydrotreatment catalyst under hydrogen pressure. The obtained ketones have a hydrocarbon chain length of from C24 to C43. The present invention further provides a method for simultaneous production of base oil components and fuel components.
The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonization, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.
The present invention related to a method for producing liquid fuel components from renewable oil. In this method a fresh feedstock comprising saturated fatty acids is subjected to dilution by an organic lipophilic solvent. The solvent has a low phosphorus and metal impurity content, less than 5 ppm and less than 10 ppm, respectively. Dilution is performed before and/or during purification by at least one pretreatment process for removal of phosphorus and metal impurities. Subsequently, the resulting purified feedstock is fed into at least one post- treatment process suitable for producing liquid fuel components.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 67/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including a sorption process as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 67/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including acid treatment as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 67/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including at least two different refining steps in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 67/16 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural parallel stages only
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
C10G 17/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
C10G 25/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with moving sorbents or sorbents dispersed in the oil
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
C11B 3/04 - Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
C11B 3/10 - Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
C11B 7/00 - Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
15.
A TWO-STAGE GAS WASHING METHOD APPLYING SULFIDE PRECIPITATION AND ALKALINE ABSORPTION
The present description is related to the field of hydrocarbon production by gasification of carbonaceous material. It provides a two-stage gas washing method as a part of gas refining. More specifically it discloses a method for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removal from synthesis gas produced by gasification. It introduces a use of a novel combination of two chemical wash approaches for this application. As a specific application, this process is utilized as a part of biomass to liquid (BTL) process.
C10K 1/10 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
C10K 1/12 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
C10K 3/00 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
A method of reforming a gasification gas, in order to decompose the impurities comprised in it, and a new use of a precious metalcatalyst in the pre-reforming of gasification gas. In the present method, the gas is brought into contact with a metal catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent. According to the present invention, the reformation is carried out in several stages, in which case at least in one of the first catalytic zones a noble metal catalyst is used, and in a secondary reforming stage which follows the first, preliminary reforming zone,the catalyst used is a metal catalyst. Oxygen is fed separately into each of the catalyst zones. The use of a noble metalcatalyst reduces the risk of deactivation of the metal catalysts and thus increases the operating life of the catalyst.
C01B 3/58 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
C10K 1/34 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by catalytic conversion of impurities to more readily removable materials
C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
B01J 23/40 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of noble metals of the platinum group metals
The present description is related to the field of hydrocarbon production by gasification of carbonaceous material. More specifically it discloses a method for naphthalene removal from a gas using a solid adsorbent material comprising benzene for the removal. The removal can be applied to e.g. crude syngas main stream and/or carbon dioxide exhaust side stream. Preferably the adsorption to the adsorbent material is reversible so that the material can be reused and naphthalene and possibly benzene recovered after regeneration.
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
C10K 1/20 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by treating with solidsRegenerating spent purifying masses
C10K 1/32 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide with selectively absorptive solids, e.g. active carbon
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
A method of reforming a gasification gas, in order to decompose the impurities contained therein, and a use of a noble metal catalyst in the pre-reforming of gasification gas. The gas is brought into contact with a metal catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The reformation is carried out in several stages, wherein in at least one of the first stages a noble metal catalyst is used, and in a second stage which follows the first stage the catalyst used is a metal catalyst. The use of a noble metal catalyst can reduce the risk of deactivation of the metal catalysts and can increase the operating life of the catalyst.
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
B01J 23/40 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of noble metals of the platinum group metals
B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
(1) Business management; business administration; retail sale of fuels, diesel oils, biodiesels, traffic fuels, aviation fuels, jet fuels and jet biofuels
20.
METHOD FOR ADJUSTING HYDROGEN TO CARBON MONOXIDE RATIO IN SYNTHESIS GAS
This present description is related to "from biomass to liquid" -protocols. A method for adjusting hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratioof syngas contaminated by sulfur impurities involving a water gas shift (WGS) reaction is described herein. Because of the presence of the sulfur impurities, the WGS should be implemented as a sour gas shift. However, WGS provided good results by using a non-sulfided catalyst. Some embodiments provide conditions which contribute to further enhanced CO-conversion in said reaction. The hydrocarbons orderivatives thereof obtainable from said method can further be refined and used for production of fuels or lubricants for combustion engines.
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
The present invention relates to a feed distribution device in separation columns and a method of operation. In particular it relates to distillation columns in which the feed stream is substantially liquid phase, or a mixture of gas and liquid upstream of the column, but where the feed vaporizes or vaporizes prior to or as it enters the column. More specifically, the feed distribution device contains a plurality of opening which allow the feed to vaporize prior to or as it enters the column and where the openings are maintained in critical condition during operation. Significant advantage is achieved through the implementation and use of the present feed distribution devices.
A method for adjusting hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of syngas contaminated by sulfur impurities involving a water gas shift (WGS) reaction. In light of the presence of the sulfur impurities, the WGS can be implemented as a sour gas shift. WGS can provide good results by using a non-sulfided catalyst. Conditions can be employed which contribute to further enhanced CO-conversion in the reaction. The hydrocarbons or derivatives thereof obtainable from the method can further be refined and used for production of fuels or lubricants for combustion engines.
90 hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon composition is recovered which mainly contains hydrocarbons which are solid or semisolid at ambient temperature and pressure and an off-gas of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, including hydrocarbons which are gaseous at ambient temperature and pressure, is used for producing hydrogen gas. By introducing hydrogen into the clean syngas, the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio can be increased and by using off-gas-produced hydrogen, the capacity of the process is significantly improved.
C07C 27/00 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquidsRegeneration of used liquids
C10K 3/00 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
C10K 1/08 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors
C10K 1/10 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
C10K 1/32 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide with selectively absorptive solids, e.g. active carbon
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
Method of producing a hydrocarbon composition. In the method a biomass raw-material is gasified produce a raw syngas containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio being about 0.5 to 1.7. A part of the impurities is removed to produce a clean syngas which is fed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor where a significant part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen is converted to a hydrocarbon composition containing C4-C90 hydrocarbons. From the Fischer-Tropsch reactor a hydrocarbon composition is recovered which mainly contains hydrocarbons which are solid or semisolid at ambient temperature and pressure and an off-gas of the Fischer- Tropsch reactor, comprising hydrocarbons which are gaseous at ambient temperature and pressure, is used for producing hydrogen gas; and the hydrogen thus produced is fed into the clean syngas. By introducing hydrogen into the clean syngas, the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio can be increased and by using off-gas-produced hydrogen, the capacity of the process is significantly improved.
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10K 3/06 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by mixing with gases
25.
A METHOD FOR RECOVERING LIPIDS FROM A MICROORGANISM
The invention relates to a method for recovering lipids from algae, which comprises that a biomass of a lipid-producing algae is provided, the cell wall and/or cell membrane of said algae is ruptured by algal cytotoxin thereby releasing lipid from the cell, and recovering said lipid. The invention relates also to an integrated system for recovering lipids from lipid-producing algae cells.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
The invention relates to a method for the recovery of oil from an aqueous solution containing oil and solids, as well as to the use of products obtained by this method. The method of the invention comprises at least the following steps of: Adjusting the oil- and solids-containing aqueous solution to a pH which is acidic, separating an oil- and solids-containing fraction from the acidic aqueous solution with an separation agent which is hydrophilic or assumes a hydrophilic character in response to water, recovering the oil- and solids-containing fraction separated by means of said separation agent, extracting oil away from the solids with a water-insoluble extraction agent, and recovering the oil-containing water-insoluble extraction agent.
B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
C02F 1/26 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by extraction
C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisationTreatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
C10G 17/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
C11B 1/10 - Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
C11B 3/04 - Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
C10G 31/09 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration
C10G 53/10 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one acid-treatment step
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
The invention relates to a method for the recovery of oil from an aqueous solution containing oil and solids, as well as to the use of products obtained by this method. The method of the invention comprises at least the following steps of: Adjusting the oil- and solids-containing aqueous solution to a p H which is acidic, separating an oil- and solids-containing fraction from the acidic aqueous solution with an separation agent which is hydrophilic or assumes a hydrophilic character in response to water, recovering the oil- and solids-containing fraction separated by means of said separation agent, extracting oil away from the solids with a water-insoluble extraction agent, and recovering the oil-containing water-insoluble extraction agent.
The present description is related to the field of hydrocarbon production by gasification of carbonaceous material. It provides a two-stage gas washing method as a part of gas refining. More specifically it discloses a method for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removal from synthesis gas produced by gasification. It introduces a use of a novel combination of wash approaches for this application. As a specific application, this process is utilizedas a part of biomass to liquid (BTL) process.
C10K 1/08 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
A method of purifying gas obtained by gasification of a biomass feedstock. The gas which contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof can be freed from impurities, such as hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, carbonyl sulphide, hydrogen cyanide and mixtures thereof, by contacting the gas with an acidic aqueous wash solution of transition metal ions capable of binding to sulphide ions, by binding a significant portion of the hydrogen sulphide impurities contained in the gas into practically insoluble transition metal sulphide compounds to remove hydrogen sulphide impurities from the gas; and by separating the thus obtained purified gas from the aqueous solution. The purified gas is suitable for production of hydrocarbon compositions by, for example the Fischer-Tropsch process.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
The invention relates to an arrangement for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system comprising means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor system comprising a fixed-bed reactor comprising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor. Also a method is provided for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system wherein said fixed-bed re- actor system comprises means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor com- prising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
The present invention relates to an integrated process, which comprises a single cell oil production process, and a pulp and/or paper industry process. The process comprises that in the single cell oil production process is used a microorganism capable of producing lipids or lipids and enzymes when cultivated on a medium comprising organic material from pulp and/or paper industry. Lipids or lipids and enzymes are produced by said microorganisms in the single cell oil production process and/or in a process connected into it. The present invention relates also to use of lipids produced in the process as biofuel or as a component of biofuel or as a starting material for biofuel production and use of enzymes produced in the lipid production process in pulp and/or paper industry or in other applications as an enzyme preparation or as a source of enzymes.
The present invention relates to a process for producing enzymes and single cell oil. The process comprises that microorganisms capable of producing both single cell oil and enzymes are cultivated under conditions suitable for single cell oil production and enzyme production in a single cell oil production process. A microorganism culture comprising single cell oil and enzymes is obtained and at least part of the microorganism culture, of the supernatant and/or microorganism cells separated from the microorganism culture, of protein fraction enriched from the supernatant, and/or of protein fraction obtained from the cells is used as an enzyme preparation or as a source of enzymes. Single cell oil is recovered from the microorganism cells and used as biofuel, component of biofuel or as a starting material for biofuel production. Enzymes produced according to the process are used in the same or in another industrial process.
C12N 9/00 - Enzymes, e.g. ligases (6.)ProenzymesCompositions thereofProcesses for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating, or purifying enzymes
C12N 9/24 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 9/42 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase
33.
Integrated process system for single cell oil production and a pulp and/or paper industry process
The present invention relates to an integrated process, which comprises a single cell oil production process, and a pulp and/or paper industry process. The process comprises that in the single cell oil production process is used a microorganism capable of producing lipids or lipids and enzymes when cultivated on a medium comprising organic material from pulp and/or paper industry. Lipids or lipids and enzymes are produced by said microorganisms in the single cell oil production process and/or in a process connected into it. The present invention relates also to use of lipids produced in the process as biofuel or as a component of biofuel or as a starting material for biofuel production and use of enzymes produced in the lipid production process in pulp and/or paper industry or in other applications as an enzyme preparation or as a source of enzymes.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 9/42 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase
C12P 21/02 - Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
D21C 5/00 - Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters
D21H 11/20 - Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
The present invention relates to a process for producing enzymes and single cell oil. The process comprises that microorganisms capable of producing both single cell oil and enzymes are cultivated under conditions suitable for single cell oil production and enzyme production in a single cell oil production process. A microorganism culture comprising single cell oil and enzymes is obtained and at least part of the microorganism culture, of the supernatant and/or microorganism cells separated from the microorganism culture, of protein fraction enriched from the supernatant, and/or of protein fraction obtained from the cells is used as an enzyme preparation or as a source of enzymes. Single cell oil is recovered from the microorganism cells and used as biofuel, component of biofuel or as a starting material for biofuel production. Enzymes produced according to the process are used in the same or in another industrial process.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 9/24 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
C12N 9/00 - Enzymes, e.g. ligases (6.)ProenzymesCompositions thereofProcesses for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating, or purifying enzymes
The present invention relates to an integrated process, which comprises a single cell oil production process, and a pulp and/or paper industry process. The process comprises that in the single cell oil production process is used a microorganism capable of producing lipids or lipids and enzymes when cultivated on a medium comprising organic material from pulp and/or paper industry. Lipids or lipids and enzymes are produced by said microorganisms in the single cell oil production process and/or in a process connected into it. The present invention relates also to use of lipids produced in the process as biofuel or as a component of biofuel or as a starting material for biofuel production and use of enzymes produced in the lipid production process in pulp and/or paper industry or in other applications as an enzyme preparation or as a source of enzymes.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 9/24 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
D21C 9/00 - After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters
D21C 5/00 - Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters
The present invention relates to an integrated process, which comprises a first biotechnical process, which produces biofuel and/or starting material for biofuel and uses a microorganism capable of producing enzymes, and a second biotechnical process, which produces biofuel and/or starting material for biofuel. The process comprises that said microorganisms are cultivated and biofuel and/or starting material for biofuel and enzymes are produced. The microorganism culture, supernatant or a protein enriched fraction or a dilution of the supernatant comprising catalytically active enzyme(s) are introduced into the first and/or into the second biotechnical process, or feedstock for said process(es) is treated. The invention relates also to use of the produced enzymes in biofuel production process or in other applications as an enzyme preparation or as a source of enzymes. The invention relates also to use of the produced lipids and alcohols as biofuel, as a component of biofuel or as a starting material for biofuel production.
The present invention relates to an integrated process, which comprises a first biotechnical process, which produces biofuel and/or starting material for biofuel and uses a microorganism capable of producing enzymes, and a second biotechnical process, which produces biofuel and/or starting material for biofuel. The process comprises that said microorganisms are cultivated and biofuel and/or starting material for biofuel and enzymes are produced. The microorganism culture, supernatant or a protein enriched fraction or a dilution of the supernatant comprising catalytically active enzyme(s) are introduced into the first and/or into the second biotechnical process, or feedstock for said process(es) is treated. The invention relates also to use of the produced enzymes in biofuel production process or in other applications as an enzyme preparation or as a source of enzymes. The invention relates also to use of the produced lipids and alcohols as biofuel, as a component of biofuel or as a starting material for biofuel production.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
Acinetobacter host has been genetically modified to be deficient of one or more of genes A) a gene encoding fatty acyl-CoA reductase (EC1.2.1.n2), wherein said host is capable of increased production of TAGs and/or of total lipids compared to the parent host; and/or B) a gene encoding lipase (EC:3.1.1.3), a gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC:1.2.2.2), and/or gene ACIAD 2177, or functional equivalents of any of said genes, wherein said host is capable of increased production of wax esters and/or total lipids compared to the parent host.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 1/22 - Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
C12N 15/74 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
C07K 14/195 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from bacteria
The present invention relates to a genetically modified Acinetobacter host for lipid production. The Acinetobacter host has been genetically modified to be deficient of one or more of genes A) a gene encoding fatty acyl-CoA reductase (EC1.2.1.n2), wherein said host is capable of increased production of TAGs and/or of total lipids compared to the parent host; and/or B) a gene encoding lipase (EC:3.1.1.3), a gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC:1.2.2.2), and/or gene ACIAD 2177, or functional equivalents of any of said genes, wherein said host is capable of increased production of wax esters and/or total lipids compared to the parent host.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
The present invention relates to a method for producing middle distillate fuel components from gasoline fuel component fractions by oligomerization of olefins. In this method a liquid blend composition feed comprising 0-90% by weight of C5, 5-95% by weight of C6, 0-30% by weight of C7 hydrocarbons containing olefins is fed into an oligomerization reactor. Optionally at least one oxygenate is used together with the feed. Said feed is oligomerized by contacting it with an ion exchange resin catalyst at a temperature from 30°C to 200°C and at a pressure from 500 to 2000 kPa. The un-reacted feed is separated by distillation. Optionally, the recovered distillate is hydrogenated for forming a product suitable for use as a middle distillate fuel component.
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for recovery of lipids from microbial biomass. The method comprises providing wet microbial biomass to thermal pretreatment of at least 100 ° C in a pressure vessel, subjecting the thermally pretreated microbial biomass to extraction using a liquid hydrocarbon as an extractant, and subsequently, recovering a product containing lipids.
C11B 1/10 - Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
The present invention relates to a method for recovering lipids from microbial biomass. The method comprises providing wet microbial biomass which contains lipids to extraction without disrupting the biomass cell walls, and subsequently, extracting said wet microbial biomass with a liquid extractant at elevated temperature of at least 170 ˚C and elevated pressure. The combination of the temperature and pressure is such that said lipids in said cells are contacted with said extractant. Subsequently the extracted lipids are recovered from or with said extractant.
C11B 1/10 - Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
The present invention relates to a method for purification of lipid material originating from biological material. In the method the lipid material comprising acylglycerols and phosphorus impurities and at least one added nonpolar solvent and at least one added polar solvent is provided into a reaction zone whereby at least a two phase system comprising a nonpolar phase and a polar phase is formed. The phase system is heated in the closed reaction zone under mixing at a temperature from 150 ° C to 300 ° C and at a pressure wherein said solvents are in subcritical state, preferably of below 100 bar, dependent on the vapor pressure of the select- ed solvents, until the phosphorus impurity is removed from the polar phase. Subsequently, the nonpolar phase including the purified oil comprising acylglycerols is separated and recovered from said phase system.
C11B 1/10 - Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
A method for recovering lipids from microbial biomass, the method including providing wet microbial biomass which contains lipids to extraction without disrupting the biomass cell walls, and subsequently, extracting the wet microbial biomass with a liquid extractant at elevated temperature of at least 170° C. and elevated pressure. The combination of the temperature and pressure is such that the lipids in the cells are contacted with the extractant. Subsequently the extracted lipids are recovered from or with the extractant.
The present invention relates to a method for purification of lipid material originating from biological material. In the method the lipid material comprising acylglycerols and phosphorus impurities and at least one added nonpolar solvent and at least one added polar solvent is provided into a reaction zone whereby at least a two phase system comprising a nonpolar phase and a polar phase is formed. The phase system is heated in the closed reaction zone under mixing at a temperature from 150° C. to 300° C. and at a pressure wherein said solvents are in subcritical state, preferably of below 100 bar, dependent on the vapor pressure of the selected solvents, until the phosphorus impurity is removed from the polar phase. Subsequently, the nonpolar phase including the purified oil comprising acylglycerols is separated and recovered from said phase system.
Ralstonia, which are genetically modified to express phosphomannose isomerase (EC5.3.1.8) and facilitated diffusion protein (EC1.3.1.74) for mannose uptake, and optionally mannofructokinase (EC2.7.1.4). The microorganisms also may be genetically modified to express xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5), xylulokinase (E 2.7.1.17) and xylose proton symporter E or a high affinity ABC-transporter. The genetically modified microorganisms are capable of growing on mannose, xylose, arabinose, glucose, or galactose, or a combination thereof as the carbon source.
The present invention relates to a microorganism of the genus Cupriavidus or Ralstonia, which is genetically modified to express phosphomannose isomer- ase (EC5.3.1.8) and facilitated diffusion protein for mannose uptake (EC1.3.1.74), and optionally mannofructokinase (EC2.7.1.4) and/or xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5), xylulokinase (E 2.7.1.17) and xylose proton symporter E or a high affinity ABC- transporter. A modified Cupriavidus or Ralstonia host is capable of growing on mannose, xylose, arabinose, glucose, or galactose, or a combination thereof as the carbon source.
The present invention relates to a feed distribution device in separation columns and a method of operation. In particular it relates to distillation columns in which the feed stream is substantially liquid phase, or a mixture of gas and liquid upstream of the column, but where the feed vaporizes or vaporizes more when it enters the column. More specifically, the feed distribution device contains a plurality of openings which allow the feed to vaporize inside the column and where the feed flow through the openings is maintained in critical condition during operation. Significant advantage is achieved through the implementation and use of the present feed distribution device.
A feed distribution device in separation columns and a method of operation for such a device. In particular, distillation columns in which the feed stream is substantially liquid phase, or a mixture of gas and liquid upstream of the column, but where the feed vaporizes or partially vaporizes prior to or as it enters the column. More specifically, the feed distribution device contains a plurality of opening which allow the feed to vaporize prior to or as it enters the column and where the openings are maintained in critical condition during operation. Significant advantage is achieved through the implementation and use of the present feed distribution devices.
The present invention relates to a method for collecting algae from an algae containing aqueous solution. The method comprises first, providing an organic coagulant to said solution and mixing the formed solution. Subsequently, an inert inorganic clay material is provided with mixing to the solution for coagulating said algae. The resulting solution is agitated and the algae is separated and collected from the solution.
The present invention relates to a feed distribution device in separation columns and a method of operation. In particular it relates to distillation columns in which the feed stream is substantially liquid phase, or a mixture of gas and liquid upstream of the column, but where the feed vaporizes or vaporizes more when it enters the column. More specifically, the feed distribution device contains a plurality of opening which allow the feed to vaporize inside the column and where the openings are maintained in critical condition during operation. Significant advantage is achieved through the implementation and use of the present feed distribution device.
The present invention provides a process for producing lipids for biofuel or lubricant and Streptomyces bacteria used in the process. The process comprises cultivating bacterial cells of the genus Streptomyces in a medium comprising organic waste(s) or residue(s) or mixtures thereof as carbon and/or nutrient source(s), recovering lipids from the cells of said bacteria or from the cultivation medium, and using the recovered lipids or a fraction thereof as biofuel and/or lubricant, or as a starting material for biofuel and/or lubricant production. In addition, in one aspect the invention provides products obtained by using the process according to this disclosure.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 1/21 - BacteriaCulture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C10M 105/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
Streptomyces are cultivated in a medium comprising organic waste(s) or residue(s) or mixtures thereof as carbon and/or nutrient source(s), wherein the organic waste(s) or residue(s) comprise lignocellulosic waste(s) or lignocellulosic residue(s), recovering lipids from the cells of the bacteria or from the cultivation medium, and using the recovered lipids or a fraction thereof as biofuel and/or lubricant, or as a starting material for biofuel and/or lubricant production.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 15/00 - Mutation or genetic engineeringDNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purificationUse of hosts therefor
C07H 21/04 - Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
Method of producing a hydrocarbon composition. The method comprises providing a biomass raw-material; gasifying the raw-material in the presence of oxygen to produce a gas containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrocarbons possibly together with inert components; separately increasing the hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio of the gas to a value of about 2; feeding the gas to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor; converting in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor at least a significant part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen contained in the gas into a hydrocarbon composition containing C4-C90 hydrocarbons; and recovering the hydrocarbon composition. According to the invention, fresh external hydrogen is introduced into the gas before feeding into the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. By using external hydrogen feed, the capacity of a biomass gasification process can be increased and the need for a conventional Water Gas Shift for producing hydrogen from carbon monoxide and steam can be eliminated.
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
55.
Section of a separation column, separation column and a method of operation
A separation column containing a feed distribution device and a feed distribution device for a separation column, such as a vacuum distillation column. The feed distribution device being capable of diffusing and directing a feed flow from a feed inlet so as to distribute the feed substantially evenly over the surface area of a separation plate in the column thereby increasing the columns efficiency. The separation column containing the feed distribution device being capable of shorter height, less costly design and lower operating cost than a separation column without the feed distribution device.
B01D 45/08 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
56.
SECTION OF A SEPARATION COLUMN, SEPARATION COLUMN AND A METHOD OF OPERATION
A section of a contacting column (40), such as a vacuum distillation column, comprising a feed distribution device (44) comprising a plurality of plates with voids between them and a method of operating a contacting column using a distribution device. The feed distribution device (44) being arranged substantially in front of a feed inlet (42) and capable of diffusing and directing a feed flow from the feed inlet (42) so as to distribute the feed substantially evenly over the surface area of a separation plate in the column (40) thereby increasing the columns efficiency. The contacting column containing the feed distribution device being capable of shorter height, less costly design and lower operating cost than a contacting column without the feed distribution device.
A method of reforming a gasification gas, in order to decompose the impurities comprised in it, and a new use of a noble metal catalyst in the pre-reforming of gasification gas. In the present method, the gas is brought into contact with a metal catalyst in the presence of an oxidising agent. According to the present invention, the reformation is carried out in several stages, in which case at least in one of the first stages a noble metal catalyst is used, and in a second stage which follows the first stage the catalyst used is a metal catalyst. The use of a noble metal catalyst reduces the risk of deactivation of the metal catalysts and thus increases the operating life of the catalyst.
C10K 1/34 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by catalytic conversion of impurities to more readily removable materials
B01J 23/38 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of noble metals
C10J 3/84 - Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonization, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.
C10G 71/00 - Treatment by methods not otherwise provided for of hydrocarbon oils or fatty oils for lubricating purposes
C10G 69/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
59.
Method of producing a product based on vegetable oil
A composition, which is suitable for the production of stilbene compounds, can be separated from tall oil. It contains esters of pinosylvin or pinosylvin derivatives and it is concentrated in relation to these. Preferably, the composition contains esters of pinosylvin monomethyl ethers, the acid part of which is formed of an inorganic acid or an organic acid, in particular an organic acid, which is present in the crude tall oil or which is generated from this oil during the process of refining it. Typically, such acids are fatty and resin acids and lower alkane acids. With the invention, it is possible to generate, at an industrial scale, product fractions, and the pinosylvin compounds which are separated from the fractions can be used as such or they can be further modified by means of different chemical methods.
The present invention relates to a method for the deoxygenation of materials of biological origin and particularly to the removal of oxygen from biomass derived organic compounds with carbon monoxide, to yield linear and branched hydrocarbons suitable as biofuels or as blending stocks or components for biofuels, such as gas, gasoline, diesel fuel and aviation fuel, as well as solvents. The method comprises contacting a feedstock with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from a group consisting of ruthenium, manganese, rhodium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, molybdenum, copper, zinc, palladium, platinum and cobalt, in the presence of water, under alkaline conditions at a temperature from 150 to 350° C. and under a pressure from 0.1 to 150 bar, to produce hydrocarbons.
The present invention relates to a method for the production of fat with a principal application as transportation biofuel or a component or raw material therefor. According to the method, cell masses, cell suspensions and/or liquid phases formed in the production of single cell oil, and/or biomass-containing side streams or microorganism cell masses for another purpose and/or originating from other sources, are contacted with a fat-production capable microorganism and the organism is allowed to produce fat. The resulting fat is recovered or the microorganism mass is passed to a single-cell oil production process. By means of the invention, the organic matter present in the cell mass and side streams of single-cell oil can be re-utilized for the production of the single-cell oil, thereby improving a total fat yield, as well as reducing an organic load of the side streams.
In the process of the invention, an aliphatic C2 -C 14 hydrocarbon product is prepared from natural fats or derivatives thereof. The process comprises the steps of: (i) providing a natural fat or derivative thereof, (ii) deoxygenating a natural fat or derivative thereof originating from step (i) to yield an aliphatic C9 -C28 hydrocarbon, (iii) hydrocracking an aliphatic C9 -C28 hydrocarbon originating from step (ii) to yield a product comprising an aliphatic C2 -C14 hydrocarbon, (iv) isomerising an aliphatic C2 -C14 hydrocarbon originating from step (iii) into an isomerised aliphatic C2 -C14 hydrocarbon, and optionally (v) recovering an isomerised C2 -C14 hydrocarbon originating from step (iv) as said C2 -C14 hydrocarbon product. Pure and high quality light fuel is easily obtained in sufficient amounts.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 45/12 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
The present invention relates to a method for the production of fat with a principal application as transportation biofuel or a component or raw material therefor. According to the method, cell masses, cell suspensions and/or liquid phases formed in the production of single cell oil, and/or biomass-containing side streams or microorganism cell masses for another purpose and/or originating from other sources, are contacted with a fat-production capable microorganism and the organism is allowed to produce fat. The resulting fat is recovered or the microorganism mass is passed to a single-cell oil production process. By means of the invention, the organic matter present in the cell mass and side streams of single-cell oil can be re-utilized for the production of the single-cell oil, thereby improving a total fat yield, as well as reducing an organic load of the side streams.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
A23L 1/29 - Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products ( A23L 1/09 takes precedence;dietetic salt substitutes A23L 1/22)
The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of branched saturated hydrocarbons, said method comprising the steps where a feed comprising olefins having at least 10 carbons is simultaneously hydrogenated and isomerized in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of 100-400°C. under hydrogen partial pressure of 0.01-10MPa, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the metals of Group VIIIb of the Periodic table of Elements, a molecular sieve selected from ten member ring molecular sieves, twelve member ring molecular sieves and mesoporous molecular sieves embedded with zeolite, and a carrier, to yield branched saturated hydrocarbons.
C07C 9/22 - Acyclic saturated hydrocarbons with more than fifteen carbon atoms
C07C 5/27 - Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
C07C 5/03 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
66.
Method for the manufacture of branched saturated hydrocarbons
The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of branched saturated hydrocarbons, said method comprising the steps where a feed comprising olefins having at least 10 carbons is simultaneously hydrogenated and isomerized in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of 100-400° C., under hydrogen partial pressure of 0.01-10 MPa, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the metals of Group VIIIb of the Periodic Table of Elements, a molecular sieve selected from ten member ring molecular sieves, twelve member ring molecular sieves and mesoporous molecular sieves embedded with zeolite, and a carrier, to yield branched saturated hydrocarbons.
C07C 5/13 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation with simultaneous isomerisation
C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
C07C 5/03 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
C07C 5/27 - Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
C07C 9/22 - Acyclic saturated hydrocarbons with more than fifteen carbon atoms
C10G 45/62 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
B01J 29/03 - Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
The present invention relates to a method for the deoxygenation of materials of biological origin and particularly to the removal of oxygen from biomass derived organic compounds with carbon monoxide, to yield linear and branched hydrocarbons suitable as bio fuels or as blending stocks or components for bio fuels, such as gas, gasoline, diesel fuel and aviation fuel, as well as solvents. The method comprises contacting a feedstock with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from a group consisting of ruthenium, manganese, rhodium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, molybdenum, copper, zinc, palladium, platinum and cobalt, in the presence of water, under alkaline conditions at a temperature from 150 to 3500C and under a pressure from 0.1 to 150 bar, to produce hydrocarbons.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
69.
PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCARBONS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN
The present invention relates to hydrocarbons and particularly to the manufacture of hydrocarbon components suit-able as aviation fuels or jet fuels and as blending stocks for aviation fuels. The process comprises the stages, wherein in the first stage an oil feed of biological origin and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to yield n-paraffins; in the second stage the n-paraffins and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect isomerisation in the presence of an isomerisation catalyst to yield isoparaffins and separating fractions; and recycling the fraction boiling at a temperature above 200.degree.C under atmospheric pressure obtained from the second stage to reisomerisation, where isomerisation is effected in the presence of an isomerisation catalyst.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
70.
Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbon components
The present invention relates to hydrocarbons and particularly to the manufacture of hydrocarbon components suitable as aviation fuels or jet fuels and as blending stocks for aviation fuels. The process comprises the stages, wherein in the first stage an oil feed of biological origin and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to yield n-paraffins; in the second stage the n-paraffins and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect isomerization in the presence of an isomerization catalyst to yield isoparaffins and separating fractions; and recycling the fraction boiling at a temperature above 200° C. under atmospheric pressure obtained from the second stage to reisomerization, where isomerization is effected in the presence of an isomerization catalyst.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
71.
PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCARBONS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN
The present invention relates to hydrocarbons and particularly to the manufacture of hydrocarbon components suitable as aviation fuels or jet fuels and as blending stocks for aviation fuels. The process comprises the stages, wherein in the first stage an oil feed of biological origin and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to yield n-paraffins; in the second stage the n-paraffins and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect isomerisation in the presence of an isomerisation catalyst to yield isoparaffins and separating fractions; and recycling the fraction boiling at a temperature above 200°C under atmospheric pressure obtained from the second stage to reisomerisation, where isomerisation is effected in the presence of an isomerisation catalyst.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
Natural fats can conveniently be converted to gasoline by hydrogenating and cracking at 250?450°C with a catalyst based on a zeolite and a mesoporous inorganic oxide. Selectivity and yield are good, coke formation minimal and catalyst regeneration easy.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 11/05 - Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 11/10 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with stationary catalyst bed
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
A composition, which is suitable for the production of stilbene compounds, can be separated from tall oil. It contains esters of pinosylvin or pinosylvin derivatives and it is concentrated in relation to these. Preferably, the composition contains esters of pinosylvin monomethyl ethers, the acid part of which is formed of an inorganic acid or an organic acid, in particular an organic acid, which is present in the crude tall oil or which is generated from this oil during the process of refining it. Typically, such acids are fatty and resin acids and lower alkane acids. With the invention, it is possible to generate, at an industrial scale, product fractions, and the pinosylvin compounds which are separated from the fractions can be used as such or they can be further modified by means of different chemical methods.
C11B 11/00 - Recovery or refining of other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
C11B 13/00 - Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
C11B 3/12 - Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
C07C 69/017 - Esters of hydroxy compounds having the esterified hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
C07C 69/02 - Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
C07C 69/52 - Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
C07C 69/608 - Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom and having a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring in the acid moiety
C07C 69/612 - Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom and having a six-membered aromatic ring in the acid moiety
C07C 69/76 - Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
C07C 39/21 - Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic part, with unsaturation outside the rings with at least one hydroxy group on a non-condensed ring
C07C 69/58 - Esters of straight chain acids with eighteen carbon atoms in the acid moiety
The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonisation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.
C10M 101/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C10G 71/00 - Treatment by methods not otherwise provided for of hydrocarbon oils or fatty oils for lubricating purposes
A process for oligomerizing olefinic, lower hydrocarbons. The process comprises the steps of feeding a fresh olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock to a reaction zone; contacting the olefinic hydrocarbons of the feedstock with an acidic catalyst in the reaction zone in order to dimerize at least a part of the olefinic hydrocarbons, withdrawing an effluent containing oligomerized olefins from the reaction zone; and conducting the effluent to a separation zone, wherein the oligomerization reaction product is separated from said effluent. According to the invention, the reaction is carried out in homogeneous phase comprising a solvent for olefinic hydrocarbons, maintained at supercritical conditions. By using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent deactivation rate of catalyst can be diminshed. Carbon dioxide is easy to remove from the product mixture and spent reaction medium can be used for regeneration of the catalyst.
The invention relates to a process for producing saturated C5-C28 hydrocarbons, suitable as diesel fuels, kerosenes and gasolines, comprising the steps where feedstock derived from st starting material of biological origin, is subjected to a condensation step and subsequently subjected to a combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step.
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
The invention relates to a process for producing saturated C5-C28 hydrocarbons, suitable as diesel fuels, kerosenes and gasolines, comprising the steps where feedstock derived from st starting material of biological origin, is subjected to a condensation step and subsequently subjected to a combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
The invention relates to a process fo r producing base oils, comprisings the steps where feedstock selected from ke tones, aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters of carboxylic acids and anhydrides of carboxylic acids, alpha olefins, metal salts of carboxylic acids and corresponding sulphur compounds, corresponding nitrogen compounds and combinations thereof, is subjected to a condensati on step and subsequently subjected to a combined hydrodefunctio-nalization a nd isomerization step.
C10M 109/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C07C 1/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
The invention relates to a process for producing saturated C5-C28 hydrocarbons, suitable as diesel fuels, kerosenes and gasolines, comprising the steps where feedstock derived from starting material of biological origin, is subjected to a condensation step and subsequently subjected to a combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step.
C07C 1/32 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero atoms other than, or in addition to, oxygen or halogen
A feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to branched and saturated hydrocarbons without heteroatoms in the base oils distillation range by converting the fatty acids to olefins, which are subsequently oligomerised.
C07C 1/213 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds by splitting of esters
C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
The present invention relates to a process for producing polyolefms wherein a feedstock comprising n-olefin or a mixture of n-olefins is dimerized in the pres- ence of a solid acidic catalyst by passing the feedstock to a catalytic distillation apparatus comprising either a) a combination of a distillation column and a reactor comprising at least one catalyst bed, or b) a distillation column connected to one or more side reactors comprising at least one catalyst layer, recovering the unre- acted n-olefin from the distillation column or the combination of the distillation column and the reactor at the upper part thereof as a side-stream to be combined with the feedstock, and the reaction product from the dimerization is hydrogen- ated.
A feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to branched and saturated hydrocarbons without heteroatoms in the base oils distillation range by converting the fatty acids to olefins, which are subsequently oligomerised.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C07C 2/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
A feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to branched and saturated hydrocarbons without heteroatoms in the base oils distillation range by converting the fatty acids to olefins, which are subsequently oligomerised.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C07C 2/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
The present invention relates to a process for producing polyolefms wherein a feedstock comprising n-olefin or a mixture of n-olefins is dimerized in the pres- ence of a solid acidic catalyst by passing the feedstock to a catalytic distillation apparatus comprising either a) a combination of a distillation column and a reactor comprising at least one catalyst bed, or b) a distillation column connected to one or more side reactors comprising at least one catalyst layer, recovering the unre- acted n-olefin from the distillation column or the combination of the distillation column and the reactor at the upper part thereof as a side-stream to be combined with the feedstock, and the reaction product from the dimerization is hydrogen- ated.
The present invention relates to a process for producing polyolefins wherein a feedstock comprising n-olefin or a mixture of n-olefins is dimerized in the presence of a solid acidic catalyst by passing the feedstock to a catalytic distillation apparatus comprising either a) a combination of a distillation column and a reactor comprising at least one catalyst bed, or b) a distillation column connected to one or more side reactors comprising at least one catalyst layer, recovering the unreacted n-olefin from the distillation column or the combination of the distillation column and the reactor at the upper part thereof as a side-stream to be combined with the feedstock, and the reaction product from the dimerization is hydrogenated.
The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonisation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.
A feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to branched and saturated hydrocarbons without heteroatoms in the diesel fuel distillation range by skeletal isomerisation and deoxygenation carried out by hydrodeoxygenation or alternatively by combined decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions, whereby the consumption of hydrogen is decreased.
The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonisation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
C10G 45/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C10G 45/10 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 45/12 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality hydrocarbon base oil particularly of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises aldol condensation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Aldehydes and/or ketones, preferably of biological origin are used as the feedstock.
C10M 109/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
A feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to branched and saturated hydrocarbons without heteroatoms in the diesel fuel distillation range by skeletal isomerisation and deoxygenation carried out by hydrodeoxygenation or alternatively by combined decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions, whereby the consumption of hydrogen is decreased.
The invention relates to a new base stock material. Specifically the invention relates to a saturated hydrocarbon composition and particularly to a composition based on biological raw materials, to be used as a high-quality base oil or to be used as a component in the production of a base oil having a high viscosity index and good low temperature properties. The composition contains saturated hydrocarbons and has a narrow carbon number range.
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality saturated base oil or a base oil component based on hydrocarbons. The process of the invention comprises two main steps, the oligomerization and deoxygenation. A biological starting material containing unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or esters of carboxylic acids is preferably used as the feedstock.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
C10G 57/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process with polymerisation
C10G 69/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
C10M 105/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
C10M 109/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
93.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SATURATED HYDROCARBON COMPONENT
The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality saturated base oil or a base oil component based on hydrocarbons. The process of the invention comprises two main steps, the oligomerization and deoxygenation. A biological starting material containing unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or esters of carboxylic acids is preferably used as the feedstock.
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
C10G 57/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process with polymerisation
C10G 69/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step
C10M 105/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
C10M 109/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonisation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.
The invention relates to a new base stock material. Specifically the invention relates to a saturated hydrocarbon composition and particularly to a composition based on biological raw materials, to be used as a high-quality base oil or to be used as a component in the production of a base oil having a high viscosity index and good low temperature properties. The composition contains saturated hydrocarbons and has a narrow carbon number range.
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
96.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A BRANCHED HYDROCARBON COMPONENT
The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises alcohol condensation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols of biological origin are used as the feedstock.
C10M 109/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
The invention relates to a new base stock material. Specifically the invention relates to a saturated hydrocarbon composition and particularly to a composition based on biological raw materials, to be used as a high-quality base oil or to be used as a component in the production of a base oil having a high viscosity index and good low temperature properties. The composition contains saturated hydrocarbons and has a narrow carbon number range.
The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality saturated base oil or a base oil component based on hydrocarbons. The process of the invention comprises two main steps, the oligomerization and deoxygenation. A biological starting material containing unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or esters of carboxylic acids is preferably used as the feedstock.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
C07C 1/213 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds by splitting of esters
A feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to branched and saturated hydrocarbons without heteroatoms in the diesel fuel distillation range by skeletal isomerisation and deoxygenation carried out by hydrodeoxygenation or alternatively by combined decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions, whereby the consumption of hydrogen is decreased.
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
C07C 1/213 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds by splitting of esters
A process for dimerizing olefins in the presence of a catalyst, a hydrocarbon feedstock containing C4 to C6 isoolefins is subjected to dimerization. The process comprises the steps of contacting the C4 to C6 isoolefins at conditions conducive to dimerization with a catalytic material comprising an acidic mesoporous molecular sieve, the catalytic material being thermally stable at a temperature of at least 900 °C, and carrying out the contacting step essentially in the absence of butadiene and water in the feedstock. By means of the invention, the dimerization process can be operated over extended periods of time with prolonged maintenance intervals.
