C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
C10L 9/10 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
B01D 53/30 - Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01D 53/78 - Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
B01J 20/12 - Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
F23J 7/00 - Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
C10L 9/10 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
F23J 7/00 - Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
B01J 20/12 - Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
B01D 53/78 - Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
F23J 15/04 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
F23J 15/02 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01D 53/30 - Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
5.
Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
C10L 9/10 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
F23J 7/00 - Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
F23J 15/02 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
B01D 53/78 - Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
B01J 20/12 - Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
C10L 9/10 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01D 53/30 - Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
F23J 15/04 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
Emissions of mercury, NOx, and/or SOx are reduced by enzyme treating coal before combustion, optionally with further treatment of the coal with certain non-bromine containing powder sorbents. y using the steps together, mercury can be reduced by 40% or more, and NOx by 20% or more. Advantageously, no bromine is introduced with the remediation steps.
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
C10L 9/10 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
B01J 20/12 - Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
F23J 7/00 - Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
B01J 20/10 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
Sorbent compositions containing halogen and either nitrates or nitrites are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
F23J 7/00 - Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
F23J 15/02 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01D 53/78 - Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
B01J 20/12 - Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
F23J 15/04 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
B01D 53/30 - Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
C10L 9/10 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
Sorbent compositions containing iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
F23J 7/00 - Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
F23J 15/02 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
F23J 15/04 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
B01D 53/78 - Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
B01J 20/12 - Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
Emissions of mercury, NOx, and/or SOx are reduced by enzyme treating coal before combustion, optionally with further treatment of the coal with certain non-bromine containing powder sorbents. y using the steps together, mercury can be reduced by 40% or more, and NOx by 20% or more. Advantageously, no bromine is introduced with the remediation steps.
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
B01J 20/10 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
Emissions of mercury, NOx, and/or SOx are reduced by enzyme treating coal before combustion, optionally with further treatment of the coal with certain non-bromine containing powder sorbents. y using the steps together, mercury can be reduced by 40% or more, and NOx by 20% or more. Advantageously, no bromine is introduced with the remediation steps.
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
B01J 20/10 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
C10L 9/10 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
Sorbent compositions containing iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
F23J 7/00 - Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
B01D 53/30 - Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
F23J 15/02 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
F23J 15/04 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
15.
Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
C10L 9/10 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
F23J 7/00 - Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
B01D 53/30 - Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
17.
Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components: reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or CI in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.
F23J 7/00 - Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
C10L 9/10 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
18.
Reducing sulfur gas emissions resulting from the burning of carbonaceous fuels
A method of reducing sulfur emissions by applying remediation materials in a powder sorbent onto coal and combusting the coal with the materials applied. The powder sorbent contain sources of silicon, aluminum, calcium, iron, and magnesium, and ash from combustion contains the captured sulfur.
Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
F23B 90/00 - Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
F23B 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
F23B 90/00 - Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
F23B 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
F23B 90/00 - Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
F23B 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
F23B 90/00 - Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
F23B 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
28.
Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
Calcium bromide is a component of sorbent compositions that can be added on to coal to reduce the amount of sulfur gases released into the atmosphere from a coal burning facility. The sorbent components are added onto coal before the coal is added into the furnace and combusted. The fuel being burned is any fuel that contains sulfur, such as lignite, bituminous, and anthracite coal. The sorbent can contain other components such as silica, alumina, cement kiln dust, lime kiln dust, Portland cement, and aluminosilicate clay. Sulfur emissions are monitored during combustion of the fuel, and the rate of sorbent addition can be changed or a adjusted based on the monitored sulfur levels.
Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.
A process for burning coal or other carbonaceous fuels captures sulfur and other undesirable compounds are captured and retained in non-reactive ceramic-like form after the combustion phase. The process involves addition of multiple element alkali powders and/or sorbents preferably containing oxidizing anions such as nitrates and nitrites, preferably based on calcium. In various embodiments, the remediation materials when applied in a complex powder and/or liquid containing multiple elements, result in higher sulfur capture than the materials would otherwise achieve on an individual basis. In a preferred embodiment, the sorbents contain elements that minimize or lower the melting point of the ash. This leads to lowered cohesiveness and toughness of the ash so that less ash builds up on the boiler and better heat transfer is obtained.
Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components ● reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; ● reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; ● increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de-slagging of boiler tubes; ● increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; ● decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and ● make a highly cementitious ash product.
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
F23B 90/00 - Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
F23B 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
32.
PRODUCTION OF CEMENTITIOUS ASH PRODUCTS WITH REDUCED CARBON EMISSIONS
The use of the cementitious ash in building products as total or partial replacement for Portland cement results in reduced carbon dioxide emissions that would otherwise result form the manufacture of Portland cement. In addition to avoided carbon dioxide emissions from calcining of limestone to make Portland cement and the burning of fossil fuels to provide the energy needed to make Portland cement, use of the sorbent components tends to increase the efficiency of energy production from burning of coal, further reducing greenhouse emissions from the burning of fossil fuel to produce energy.
C04B 14/00 - Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stoneTreatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
33.
PRODUCTION OF CEMENTITIOUS ASH PRODUCTS WITH REDUCED CARBON EMISSIONS
The use of the cementitious ash in building products as total or partial replacement for Portland cement results in reduced carbon dioxide emissions that would otherwise result from the manufacture of Portland cement. In addition to avoided carbon dioxide emissions from calcining of limestone to make Portland cement and the burning of fossil fuels to provide the energy needed to make Portland cement, use of the sorbent components tends to increase the efficiency of energy production from burning of coal, further reducing greenhouse emissions from the burning of fossil fuel to produce energy.
Methods involve adding sorbent components, such as calcium oxide, alumina, and silica, as well as optional halogens as part of environmental control. Use of the sorbents leads to significant reductions in sulfur and mercury emissions that otherwise would result from burning coal. Use of the sorbents leads to production of waste coal ash that, while higher in mercury, is nevertheless usable as a commercial product because the mercury in the ash is non-leaching and because the coal ash has a higher cementitious nature by virtue of the increased content of the sorbent components in the ash. Thus, the methods involve adding powders having qualities that lead to the production of a cementitious coal ash while at the same time reducing emissions from a coal burning facility.
Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.
Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion: are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into thc flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.
Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.
ABS TRACT Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components = reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; = reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; = increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de- slagging of boiler tubes; = increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or CI in the coal ash; = decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and = make a highly cementitious ash product. Date Recue/Date Received 2020-04-29
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components .cndot. reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; .cndot. reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; .cndot. increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de- slagging of boiler tubes; .cndot. increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; .cndot. decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and .cndot. make a highly cementitious ash product.
Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components .cndot. reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; .cndot. reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; .cndot. increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de- slagging of boiler tubes; .cndot. increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or CI in the coal ash; .cndot. decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and .cndot. make a highly cementitious ash product.
Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components .cndot. reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; .cndot. reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; .cndot. increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de- slagging of boiler tubes; .cndot. increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or CI in the coal ash; .cndot. decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and .cndot. make a highly cementitious ash product.
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components .cndot. reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; .cndot. reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; .cndot. increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de-slagging of boiler tubes; .cndot. increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; .cndot. decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and .cndot. make a highly cementitious ash product.
Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.
A process for burning coal or other carbonaceous fuels captures sulfur and other undesirable compounds are captured and retained in non-reactive ceramic-like form after the combustion phase. The process involves addition of multiple element alkali powders and/or sorbents preferably containing oxidizing anions such as nitrates and nitrites, preferably based on calcium. In various embodiments, the remediation materials when applied in a complex powder and/or liquid containing multiple elements, result in higher sulfur capture than the materials would otherwise achieve on an individual basis. In a preferred embodiment, the sorbents contain elements that minimize or lower the melting point of the ash. This leads to lowered cohesiveness and toughness of the ash so that less ash builds up on the boiler and better heat transfer is obtained.
A process of burning coal by adding liquid and/or powder sorbents prior to combustion captures sulfur and other undesirable compounds in non-reactive ceramic-like form after the combustion phase. The process involves addition of multiple element alkali powders and/or sorbents preferably containing oxidizing anions such as nitrates and nitrites, preferably based on calcium. In various embodiments, the remediation materials, when applied in a complex powder and/or liquid containing multiple elements, result in higher sulfur capture than the materials would otherwise achieve on an individual basis. In a preferred embodiment, the sorbents contain elements that minimize or lower the melting point of the ash. This leads to lowered cohesiveness and toughness of the ash so that less ash builds up on the boiler and better heat transfer is obtained.
A process of burning coal by adding liquid and/or powder sorbents prior to combustion captures sulfur and other undesirable compounds in non-reactive ceramic-like form after the combustion phase. The process involves addition of multiple element alkali powders and/or sorbents preferably containing oxidizing anions such as nitrates and nitrites, preferably based on calcium. In various embodiments, the remediation materials, when applied in a complex powder and/or liquid containing multiple elements, result in higher sulfur capture than the materials would otherwise achieve on an individual basis. In a preferred embodiment, the sorbents contain elements that minimize or lower the melting point of the ash. This leads to lowered cohesiveness and toughness of the ash so that less ash builds up on the boiler and better heat transfer is obtained.
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