A cold formed beam formed from a single sheet of steel having an upper member and a lower member (e.g., square, rectangular, other shape) separated by a web. The web may include stamped apertures and/or embossments around at least a portion of the stamped apertures. The cold formed beam may include beam connections that operatively couple the ends of the steel sheet used to form the beam to a portion of the beam (e.g., the web). The beam connections may by interference connectors formed from deformation of two or more layers of beam (e.g., clinching, or the like). Among other benefits, forming the cold formed beam from a single sheet, stamping of the web, and/or the using deformation connections (e.g., clinching, or the like) of the ends of the sheet allows for the pre-coating (e.g., galvanized, painting, or the like) of the sheet before the forming.
E04C 3/09 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like componentsHoneycomb girders at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
B21B 1/22 - Metal rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-sectionSequence of operations in milling trainsLayout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of standsSuccession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling bands or sheets of indefinite length
B21D 22/02 - Stamping using rigid devices or tools
C21D 7/02 - Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
E04C 3/04 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal
2.
PROTECTIVE GARMENT FOR IMPROVED WELDING PROTECTION
A protective garment for providing improved safety and customization of personal protective equipment (PPE), and in particular, for welding protection from wire-sticks from exposed welding wires during welding. The protective garment includes a heat conducting composite made of one or more layers of a heat conducting material and one or more layers of a binder. The one or more heat conducting material layers may be a carbon fiber layer, such as a woven carbon-fiber layer, and the one or more binders may be an elastomeric binder, such as a polymer. As such, the heat conducting composite may be a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in which the elastomeric binder is used to hold the woven fibers and/or layers together. The heat conducting composite material may be used to form PPE, it may be formed into guards for use over PPE, or as an insert for use under PPE.
A protective garment (100) for providing improved safety and customization of personal protective equipment (PPE), and in particular, for welding protection from wire-sticks from exposed welding wires during welding. The protective garment (100) includes a heat conducting composite (102) made of one or more layers of a heat conducting material and one or more layers of a binder. The one or more heat conducting material layers may be a carbon fiber layer, such as a woven carbon-fiber layer, and the one or more binders may be an elastomeric binder, such as a polymer. As such, the heat conducting composite may be a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in which the elastomeric binder is used to hold the woven fibers and/or layers together. The heat conducting composite material may be used to form PPE, it may be formed into guards for use over PPE, or as an insert for use under PPE.
A41D 13/05 - Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
A method of direct reduction of iron (DRI) is disclosed, the method comprising generating metallic iron by removing oxygen from iron ore using a reducing gaseous mixture with excess carbon monoxide that produces an excess CO2 by-product is provided. CO2 by-product is optionally sequestered. A system for carrying out the method is also disclosed.
C21B 13/00 - Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
Systems and systems to generate clean energy and for providing hydrogen capture and carbon capture sequestration are provided. Hydrogen from partial combustion of hydrocarbon fuel in combination with full combustion of carbon from hydrocarbon fuel is used to generate clean power with hydrogen capture and carbon capture sequestration.
F02C 3/22 - Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
F02C 6/10 - Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
F23R 3/28 - Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
7.
ATTENUATED COMBUSTION FOR CLEAN POWER AND HYDROGEN CAPTURE
Systems and systems to generate clean energy and for providing hydrogen capture and carbon capture sequestration are provided. Hydrogen from partial combustion of hydrocarbon fuel in combination with full combustion of carbon from hydrocarbon fuel is used to generate clean power with hydrogen capture and carbon capture sequestration.
F01K 25/10 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
8.
ZINC ALLOY COATING LAYER OF PRESS-HARDENABLE STEEL
The present disclosure relates to a coating of a press hardened steel strip, the coating providing cathodic protection. The coating of the post-press hardened steel strip comprises zinc, aluminum, and at least one element selected from manganese (Mn) and/or antimony (Sb).
The present disclosure relates to coated steel strip providing the steel with cathodic protection before and after the steel is press hardened or hot formed at a high austenitization temperature up to 950° C. The coating of the coated steel strip comprises zinc, aluminum, and at least one element selected from manganese (Mn) and/or antimony (Sb).
C21D 8/02 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
C21D 9/52 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for wiresHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for strips
C22C 18/04 - Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
A hot rolled, ultra-high strength, complex metallographic structured or multi-phase structured steel that improves formability during stamping or forming process, while possessing one or more of the following properties: excellent castability, rollability and coatability, excellent structural performance, excellent stretch formability, excellent stretch flangeability, excellent dent resistance, excellent durability, excellent impact performance, excellent intrusion and crash resistance without the purposeful addition of boron.
Support members for a roof system are provided to allow for positioning panels of a roof apart from building members so that building components, such as insulation may be placed between the roof panels and the building members. The support members may be utilized in new buildings or to retrofit existing buildings. Each of the support members may comprise a single support member that has a base portion operatively coupled to an offset portion that is operatively coupled to an upper portion. One or more channels may be provided in the base portion, offset portion, and/or the upper portion to provide structural support and to allow the support members to be operatively coupled to each other and other building members without the need for additional components.
An improved direct smelting system and process using a smelt reduction vessel (SRV), and optionally, a cyclone converter furnace (CCF). The improved system and process utilizes a fast quench system in which hot process offgas containing molten material is quench-cooled from greater than 1400 °C (2552 °F) to no more than 600 °C (1112 °F) in a time-of-flight of no greater than 1 second. The quenching occurs using water spray injection and vaponzation to cool, stress and break solid slag into slag pieces small enough to remove from the quenching system. The improved system eliminates plant availability problems associated with (i) accretion formation in the offgas train as hot process offgas cools down in a conventional (slow) manner to allow for steam-raising for power generation or other heat recovery purposes, and (ii) trigger mechanisms causing slag foaming events in the SRV that propagate up the offgas train.
An improved direct smelting system and process using a smelt reduction vessel (SRV), and optionally, a cyclone converter furnace (CCF). The improved system and process utilizes a fast quench system in which hot process offgas containing molten material is quench-cooled from greater than 1400° C. (2552° F.) to no more than 600° C. (1112° F.) in a time-of-flight of no greater than 1 second. The quenching occurs using water spray injection and vaporization to cool, stress and break solid slag into slag pieces small enough to remove from the quenching system. The improved system eliminates plant availability problems associated with (i) accretion formation in the offgas train as hot process offgas cools down in a conventional (slow) manner to allow for steam-raising for power generation or other heat recovery purposes, and (ii) trigger mechanisms causing slag foaming events in the SRV that propagate up the offgas train.
Joists of a structural roofing system typically comprises an upper chord, a lower chord, and web(s), which operatively couple the upper chord to the lower chord. The upper chord and the lower chord may each be formed from two angle members (e.g., otherwise described as L-shaped members). The web may also be formed from a plurality of web members, such as angle members. The joists utilize nailer members on the upper chord to provide a location for assembly with decking panels. The nailer member is attached to the upper chord through the use of nailer plates, which have a plurality of perforated apertures that form teeth. The nailer plate is bent, the teeth are pressed into the nailer member, and plate connections are used to assemble the nailer plates (e.g., manually, automatically, or both) to the upper chord of the joist to form a joist and nailer assembly.
A system and method of direct reduction of iron (DRI) is disclosed, having a reduction unit configured to reduce iron oxides to metallic iron; a process gas heater coupled to the reduction unit, the process gas heater configured to supply the reduction unit directly with a source of heated reducing gas, where the process gas heater is further configured to receive a synthetic combustion air stream for heating the reducing gas, the synthetic combustion air stream comprising a source of oxygen with essentially no nitrogen. A method of carbon dioxide emission reduction from a direct reduction of iron (DRI) process is also disclosed.
A joist assembly system that is structured for dynamic retrieval of components, dynamic and precise positioning and location of retrieved components, assembly of the components to form a joist, and delivery of the assembled joist. The joist assembly system has a plurality of material handling systems, a plurality of welding systems, and a rigging table system. The material handling systems are structured to load and position the components such as chords and webs onto the rigging table. The rigging table in turn supports the chords or webs. Subsequently, the plurality of welding systems weld the webs to the chords to form the joist.
E04C 3/04 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal
B23K 37/04 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work
B23P 15/00 - Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
B23P 19/04 - Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformationTools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
A joist tie may be designed to increase the strength of the joist tie and reduce the thickness of the joist tie, in order to provide the desired strength and the ability to make connections that operatively couple structural decking, the joist tie, and joists together using a single connector in one or more locations. The joist tie may be strengthened through the use of one or more ribs and/or one or more flanges. The one or more ribs may be formed to fit within one or more cavities within adjacent joists located in series. As such, the shape of the joist tie may be dimensioned in order to allow the joist tie to be placed on a first joist and a second joist without having to be attached until after assembly of the structural decking on top of the joist tie and joists.
The decking anchors have a web anchor and a flange anchor that are operatively coupled together. In an assembly position, the web anchor and the flange anchor may be oriented in the same plane. After insertion into the cavity of the decking, the flange anchor may contact the upper flange of the decking, the web anchor may be rotated (e.g., after moving vertically upward while the flange anchor remains stationary), the web anchor may engage the webs of the decking (e.g., after moving vertically downward while the flange anchor remains stationary), and a stop may be operatively coupled to the web anchor and the flange anchor, in order to secure the web anchor and the flange anchor to each other while the web anchor contacts the webs and the flange anchor contacts the upper flange to form an anchor within the decking that has loading resistance in all directions.
E04F 15/02 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
E04F 15/06 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of metal, whether or not in combination with other material
E04F 15/08 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. concreteFlooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of glass
19.
A JOIST AND NAILER ASSEMBLY HAVING NAILER PLATES AND A METHOD OF ASSEMBLING
Joists of a structural roofing system typically comprises an upper chord, a lower chord, and web(s), which operatively couple the upper chord to the lower chord. The upper chord and the lower chord may each be fomied from two angle members (e.g., otherwise described as L-shaped members). The web may also be formed from a plurality of web members, such as angle members. The joists utilize nailer members on the upper chord to provide a location for assembly with decking panels. The nailer member is attached to the upper chord through the use of nailer plates, which have a plurality of perforated apertures that form teeth. The nailer plate is bent, the teeth are pressed into the nailer member, and plate connections are used to assemble the nailer plates (e.g., manually, automatically, or both) to the upper chord of the joist to form a joist and nailer assembly.
E04C 3/292 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms built-up from parts of different materials the materials being wood and metal
20.
MODULAR POST-TENSIONED SHEAR RESISTING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF INSTALLATION
A modular post-tensioned shear system having a plurality of modular sections stacked on top of each other. Each modular section having one or more hollow structural section (HSS) members and one or more form walls. Each modular section having a post-tensioning assembly within the one or more hollow HSS members forming an HSS post-tensioning assembly. The post-tensioning assembly having two or more conduit members (e.g., hollow tubes located within the stacked HSS members) coupled together through conduit couplings, two or more tensioning members (e.g., rebar, cables, or the like located within the conduit members) coupled together through tensioning couplings, and a tensioning lock (e.g., bearing member, locking coupling, or the like) that tensions the HSS post-tensioning assembly after installation. The modular structural shear system provides improved resistance to cyclic loading and/or improved assembly during construction (e.g., within new structures, retrofitting older structures, or the like).
E04B 1/348 - Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
21.
MODULAR POST-TENSIONED SHEAR RESISTING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF INSTALLATION
A modular post-tensioned shear system having a plurality of modular sections stacked on top of each other. Each modular section having one or more hollow structural section (HSS) members and one or more form walls. Each modular section having a post-tensioning assembly within the one or more hollow HSS members forming an HSS post-tensioning assembly. The post-tensioning assembly having two or more conduit members (e.g., hollow tubes located within the stacked HSS members) coupled together through conduit couplings, two or more tensioning members (e.g., rebar, cables, or the like located within the conduit members) coupled together through tensioning couplings, and a tensioning lock (e.g., bearing member, locking coupling, or the like) that tensions the HSS post-tensioning assembly after installation. The modular structural shear system provides improved resistance to cyclic loading and/or improved assembly during construction (e.g., within new structures, retrofitting older structures, or the like).
E04B 2/34 - Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elementsWalls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having specially designed means for stabilising the positionSpacers for cavity walls by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
E04B 2/38 - Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elementsWalls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
22.
METHOD AND SYSTEM OF REDUCING NON-FERROUS METAL CONTENT OF SCRAP STEEL
Methods of reducing copper metal content of shredded scrap steel are provided. The method includes continuously separating a first scrap steel fraction from an amount of scrap steel concurrently with separating a second fraction from the amount of scrap steel; continuously separating the second fraction and providing a nonmagnetic fraction and, concurrently, a third scrap steel fraction; grinding the nonmagnetic fraction followed by magnetic separation to provide a fourth scrap steel fraction and, concurrently, an enriched nonmagnetic fraction; continuously combining the first scrap steel fraction, the third scrap steel fraction, and the fourth scrap steel fraction to obtain a combined scrap steel product comprising scrap steel with reduced copper metal content; and introducing the combined scrap steel product to an electric arc furnace. Systems of reducing copper metal content of shredded scrap steel are also provided.
A twin roll casting system comprises counter-rotating casting rolls having a nip between the casting rolls and capable of delivering cast strip downwardly from the nip, a casting roll controller configured to adjust at least one process control setpoint between the casting rolls in response to control signals, a cast strip sensor capable of measuring at least one parameter of the cast strip, and a controller coupled to the cast strip sensor to receive cast strip measurement signals from the cast strip sensor and coupled to the casting roll controller to provide control signals to the casting roll controller, the controller comprising a reinforcement learning (RL) Agent. The RL Agent further comprises a model-free actor-critic agent having a value function and a policy function, the RL Agent having been trained on a plurality of casting system operation datasets composed of casting runs executed by a plurality of different human operators.
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
B22D 11/16 - Controlling or regulating processes or operations
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
26.
DIRECT BATH SMELTING PROCESS WITH MANAGEMENT OF PERIPHERAL COLD ZONES AT THE METAL-SLAG INTERFACE
An improved direct smelting vessel comprising a smelt reduction vessel (SRV) and optionally a cyclone converter furnace (CCF). The SRV provides means for promoting metal mixing at a zone below a slag layer adjacent to a vessel wall of the direct smelting vessel. The means for promoting metal mixing may include a split-level refractory hearth with two refractory floor levels, a refractory hearth with one or more gas bubbling devices, and/or at least one pair of solids injection lances that provide alternating solids injection at any given time (or other means). The means for promoting the metal mixing reduces a stagnant region capable of supporting a semi-solid slag layer that restricts metal-slag heat transfer. The means for promoting the metal mixing maintains an effective temperature delta between tapped metal at a forehearth and metal at the vessel wall of no greater than 40° C.
An improved direct smelting vessel comprising a smelt reduction vessel (SRV) and optionally a cyclone converter furnace (CCF). The SRV provides means for promoting metal mixing at a zone below a slag layer adjacent to a vessel wall of the direct smelting vessel. The means for promoting metal mixing may include a split-level refractory hearth with two refractory floor levels, a refractory hearth with one or more gas bubbling devices, and/or at least one pair of solids injection lances that provide alternating solids injection at any given time (or other means). The means for promoting the metal mixing reduces a stagnant region capable of supporting a semi-solid slag layer that restricts metal-slag heat transfer. The means for promoting the metal mixing maintains an effective temperature delta between tapped metal at a forehearth and metal at the vessel wall of no greater than 40 °C.
Structural dovetail decking panel systems that utilize dovetail decking panels with a proximal edge having a proximal arm extending outwardly away from the dovetail decking panel, and a distal edge having a distal arm extending inwardly towards the dovetail decking panel. When adjacent dovetail decking panels are joined, the proximal edge having the proximal arm of a panel is placed over the distal end having the distal arm of the adjacent panel to create a dovetail sidelap. The proximal arm and/or the distal arm aid in restricting movement of the proximal edge and the distal edge of adjacent panels in order control the dimensions of a sidelap cavity and opening in the dovetail sidelap, which improves the strength of the dovetail decking panel systems, allows for the reduction of the thickness of the panels or number of couplings used, and/or allows for anchors to be utilized within the sidelap cavity.
E04B 1/00 - Constructions in generalStructures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
E04B 1/16 - Structures made from masses, e.g. concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, sub-structures to be coated with load-bearing material
E04C 2/08 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of metal, e.g. sheet metal
E04C 2/32 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like materialBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
E04C 2/52 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
30.
DOVETAIL DECKING SYSTEM WITH A FULL TOP FLANGE SIDELAP AND METHOD OF SECURING
Structural dovetail decking panel systems that utilize dovetail decking panels with a proximal edge having a proximal arm extending outwardly away from the dovetail decking panel, and a distal edge having a distal arm extending inwardly towards the dovetail decking panel. When adjacent dovetail decking panels are joined, the proximal edge having the proximal arm of a panel is placed over the distal end having the distal arm of the adjacent panel to create a dovetail sidelap. The proximal arm and/or the distal arm aid in restricting movement of the proximal edge and the distal edge of adjacent panels in order control the dimensions of a sidelap cavity and opening in the dovetail sidelap, which improves the strength of the dovetail decking panel systems, allows for the reduction of the thickness of the panels or number of couplings used, and/or allows for anchors to be utilized within the sidelap cavity.
E04B 5/17 - Floor structures partly formed in situ
E04C 2/08 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of metal, e.g. sheet metal
E04C 2/32 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like materialBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
E04F 15/02 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
E04F 15/06 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of metal, whether or not in combination with other material
31.
Training-free data-driven method for input-output modeling of complex process
A twin roll casting system includes a pair of counter-rotating casting rolls, a casting roll controller is configured to receive a plant input comprising at least one process control setpoint for the casting rolls. A cast strip sensor measures at least one parameter of the cast strip. A feedback controller receives measurement signals from the cast strip sensor. The feedback controller is a data-driven model including a database of state-input pairs; and executes the following steps at each time step: measure a state-input similarity between a new state observation and samples, assign a weight to each consequent output of samples based on the measured state input similarity, and sum the weighted outputs and predict an output of a new state observation. The feedback controller is configured to provide the control setpoint to the casting roll controller based on the predicted output of the new state observation.
An electrical steel strip that is less than 3 mm in thickness and is made from a molten electrical steel melt having a superheat temperature of at least 30℃ above the liquidus temperature Tliquidus of the melt comprising: by weight, up to 0.015%carbon, between 1.0%and 2.0%manganese, between 2.70%and 3.80%silicon, silicon killed containing less than 0.01%aluminum, and optionally any one or more of up Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, Ti, Nb, V, Sb, and Sn,; and the remainder iron, impurities and inclusions, is disclosed. A twin roll cast and hot rolled electrical steel strip is disclosed. A subsequently cold rolled and annealed electrical steel strip is also disclosed. Methods of producing these products via a twin roll strip caster are also disclosed.
C21D 8/12 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
C22C 38/02 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
C22C 38/04 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
33.
Electrical steel processing without a post cold-rolling intermediate anneal
Embodiments of the present invention comprise; annealing steel sheets (e.g., hot rolled steel sheets or thin cast strip steel); cold rolling the sheets in one or more cold rolling steps (e.g., with annealing steps between multiple cold rolling steps); and performing one or more of tension leveling, a rough rolling, or a coating process on the sheets after cold rolling, without an intermediate annealing step between the final cold rolling step and the tension leveling, the rough rolling, or the coating process, or the customer stamping or final customer annealing. In order to achieve the desired properties for the steel sheet, stamping and final annealing is performed by the customer. The new process provides an electrical steel with the similar, same, or better magnetic properties than an electrical steel manufactured using the traditional processing that utilizes an intermediate annealing step after cold rolling and before the stamping and final annealing.
H01F 1/147 - Alloys characterised by their composition
C21D 8/02 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
C21D 8/12 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
C21D 9/46 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for sheet metals
H01F 1/16 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
34.
GRATING SEPARATION METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SEPARATING GRATING
Grating is formed from longitudinal members and transverse members that are operatively coupled together. The longitudinal members may be described as bearing members and the transverse members may be described as cross members that extend between the bearing members. The separation system and process of the present disclosure separates an initial grating having an initial grating width into multiple gratings have gratings widths less than the initial grating width. The separation system includes a driven die assembly having opposing dies, each opposing die having knives and spacers which interact to separate the cross members of the grating to create multiple gratings as the same time. The knives may be set up in different configurations in order to create any number of gratings having flush cross members (e.g., flush with the bearing members) and/or overhanging cross members (e.g., hang over the bearing members).
B23P 13/04 - Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass involving slicing of profiled material
35.
GRATING SEPARATION METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SEPARATING GRATING
Grating is formed from longitudinal members and transverse members that are operatively coupled together. The longitudinal members may be described as bearing members and the transverse members may be described as cross members that extend between the bearing members. The separation system and process of the present disclosure separates an initial grating having an initial grating width into multiple gratings have gratings widths less than the initial grating width. The separation system includes a driven die assembly having opposing dies, each opposing die having knives and spacers which interact to separate the cross members of the grating to create multiple gratings as the same time. The knives may be set up in different configurations in order to create any number of gratings having flush cross members (e.g., flush with the bearing members) and/or overhanging cross members (e.g., hang over the bearing members).
F16S 1/00 - Sheets, panels, or other members of similar proportionsConstructions comprising assemblies of such members
F16S 1/12 - Sheets, panels, or other members of similar proportionsConstructions comprising assemblies of such members of substantial thickness, e.g. with varying thickness, with channels
36.
Insulated roof systems, support members thereof, and method of installing
Support members for a roof system are provided to allow for positioning panels of a roof apart from building members so that building components, such as insulation may be placed between the roof panels and the building members. The support members may be utilized in new buildings or to retrofit existing buildings. Each of the support members may comprise a single support member that has a base portion operatively coupled to an offset portion that is operatively coupled to an upper portion. One or more channels may be provided in the base portion, offset portion, and/or the upper portion to provide structural support and to allow the support members to be operatively coupled to each other and other building members without the need for additional components.
A twin roll casting system comprises a pair of counter-rotating casting rolls having a nip between the casting rolls and capable of delivering cast strip downwardly from the nip; a casting roll controller configured to adjust at least one process control setpoint between the casting rolls in response to control signals; a cast strip sensor capable of measuring at least one parameter of the cast strip; and a controller coupled to the cast strip sensor to receive cast strip measurement signals from the cast strip sensor and coupled to the casting roll controller to provide control signals to the casting roll controller. The controller comprises a reinforcement learning (RL) Agent, the RL Agent generating control signals for the casting roll controller in response to a reward function having a first term rewarding emulating human operation of the process control setpoint and a second term rewarding a short set-up time.
B21B 1/46 - Metal rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-sectionSequence of operations in milling trainsLayout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of standsSuccession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
38.
Zinc alloy coating layer of press-hardenable steel
The present disclosure relates to a coating of a press hardened steel strip, the coating providing cathodic protection. The coating of the post-press hardened steel strip comprises zinc, aluminum, and at least one element selected from manganese (Mn) and/or antimony (Sb).
A system and method of direct reduction of iron (DRI) is disclosed, having a reduction unit configured to reduce iron oxides to metallic iron; a process gas heater coupled to the reduction unit, the process gas heater configured to supply the reduction unit directly with a source of heated reducing gas, where the process gas heater is further configured to receive a synthetic combustion air stream for heating the reducing gas, the synthetic combustion air stream comprising a source of oxygen with essentially no nitrogen. A method of carbon dioxide emission reduction from a direct reduction of iron (DRI) process is also disclosed.
A system and method of direct reduction of iron (DRI) is disclosed, having a reduction unit configured to reduce iron oxides to metallic iron; a process gas heater coupled to the reduction unit, the process gas heater configured to supply the reduction unit directly with a source of heated reducing gas, where the process gas heater is further configured to receive a synthetic combustion air stream for heating the reducing gas, the synthetic combustion air stream comprising a source of oxygen with essentially no nitrogen. A method of carbon dioxide emission reduction from a direct reduction of iron (DRI) process is also disclosed.
A twin roll casting system includes a pair of counter-rotating casting rolls having an adjustable nip therebetween, a casting roll controller configured to adjust the nip between the casting rolls in response to control signals; a cast strip sensor measuring a parameter of the cast strip and generating strip measurement signals; and an iterative learning control (ILC) controller receiving the strip measurement signals and providing control signals to the casting roll controller. The ILC controller includes a fault detection algorithm receiving the control signals and the strip measurement signals and generating a fault detection signal indicating when a fault condition is detected and an iterative learning control algorithm to generate the control signals. The fault detection algorithm indicates a fault condition when it detects the control signal exceeding an upper control saturation threshold or the ILC controller operating a state that is not guaranteed as stable.
A joist assembly system that is structured for dynamic retrieval of components, dynamic and precise positioning and location of retrieved components, assembly of the components to form a joist, and delivery of the assembled joist. The joist assembly system has a plurality of material handling systems, a plurality of welding systems, and a rigging table system. The material handling systems are structured to load and position the components such as chords and webs onto the rigging table. The rigging table in turn supports the chords or webs. Subsequently, the plurality of welding systems weld the webs to the chords to form the joist.
E04C 3/04 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal
B23K 37/04 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work
B23P 15/00 - Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
B23P 19/04 - Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformationTools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
A system and method of direct reduction of iron (DRI) is disclosed, having a reduction unit configured to reduce iron oxides to metallic iron; a process gas heater coupled to the reduction unit, the process gas heater configured to supply the reduction unit directly with a source of heated reducing gas, where the process gas heater is further configured to receive a synthetic combustion air stream for heating the reducing gas, the synthetic combustion air stream comprising a source of oxygen with essentially no nitrogen. A method of carbon dioxide emission reduction from a direct reduction of iron (DRI) process is also disclosed.
A joist assembly system that is structured for dynamic retrieval of components, dynamic and precise positioning and location of retrieved components, assembly of the components to form a joist, and delivery of the assembled joist. The joist assembly system has a plurality of material handling systems, a plurality of welding systems, and a rigging table system. The material handling systems are structured to load and position the components such as chords and webs onto the rigging table. The rigging table in turn supports the chords or webs. Subsequently, the plurality of welding systems weld the webs to the chords to form the joist.
B23K 37/04 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work
B23K 37/047 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
E04C 3/02 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms
45.
PANELIZED SYSTEM AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLING A BUILDING USING A PANELIZED SYSTEM
A panelized system for structural decking systems. The panelized system has a plurality of joists operatively coupled together through one or more decking panels. In order to aid in resisting rollover (e.g., the joists rotating with respect to the decking panels and/or support members during installation) bracing members may be utilized. A bracing member may be operatively coupled to a joist (e.g., a lower chord of a joist, web, upper chord, or the like) and to the decking panel (e.g., location on the decking between two joists, such as the mid-point of decking between two joists, or the like). In this way, the joists may be supported directly to the decking instead of having to run cross-bracing (e.g., x-shaped, or the like) between each of the joists. Once the panelized system is assembled on the ground, the panelized system may be lifted into place and assembled to a building.
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
39 - Transport, packaging, storage and travel services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Providing business information concerning scrap transactions, shipments, payments and accounts via a global computer network to shippers, freight vendors, agency consumers and open market consumers; freight logistics management; supply chain logistics and reverse logistics services, namely, storage, transportation and delivery of goods for others.
(2) Brokerage in the field of buying, selling and trading ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal and ferro alloys.
(3) Railcar dismantling services.
(4) Operating and leasing rail cars for hauling of materials and scrap management, namely, loading and storing ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal; Collection of scrap metal for recycling.
(5) Treatment of metal; treatment of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, namely, blending and processing; recycling services.
(6) Railcar engineering and inspection services; scrap yard services.
47.
METHOD AND SYSTEM OF REDUCING NON-FERROUS METAL CONTENT OF SCRAP STEEL
Methods of reducing copper metal content of shredded scrap steel are provided. The method includes continuously separating a first scrap steel fraction from an amount of scrap steel concurrently with separating a second fraction from the amount of scrap steel; continuously separating the second fraction and providing a nonmagnetic fraction and, concurrently, a third scrap steel fraction; grinding the nonmagnetic fraction followed by magnetic separation to provide a fourth scrap steel fraction and, concurrently, an enriched nonmagnetic fraction; continuously combining the first scrap steel fraction, the third scrap steel fraction, and the fourth scrap steel fraction to obtain a combined scrap steel product comprising scrap steel with reduced copper metal content; and introducing the combined scrap steel product to an electric arc furnace. Systems of reducing copper metal content of shredded scrap steel are also provided.
Methods of reducing copper metal content of shredded scrap steel are provided. The method includes continuously separating a first scrap steel fraction from an amount of scrap steel concurrently with separating a second fraction from the amount of scrap steel; continuously separating the second fraction and providing a nonmagnetic fraction and, concurrently, a third scrap steel fraction; grinding the nonmagnetic fraction followed by magnetic separation to provide a fourth scrap steel fraction and, concurrently, an enriched nonmagnetic fraction; continuously combining the first scrap steel fraction, the third scrap steel fraction, and the fourth scrap steel fraction to obtain a combined scrap steel product comprising scrap steel with reduced copper metal content; and introducing the combined scrap steel product to an electric arc furnace. Systems of reducing copper metal content of shredded scrap steel are also provided.
Methods of reducing copper metal content of shredded scrap steel are provided. The method includes continuously separating a first scrap steel fraction from an amount of scrap steel concurrently with separating a second fraction from the amount of scrap steel; continuously separating the second fraction and providing a nonmagnetic fraction and, concurrently, a third scrap steel fraction; grinding the nonmagnetic fraction followed by magnetic separation to provide a fourth scrap steel fraction and, concurrently, an enriched nonmagnetic fraction; continuously combining the first scrap steel fraction, the third scrap steel fraction, and the fourth scrap steel fraction to obtain a combined scrap steel product comprising scrap steel with reduced copper metal content; and introducing the combined scrap steel product to an electric arc furnace. Systems of reducing copper metal content of shredded scrap steel are also provided.
A method of direct reduction of iron (DR!) is disclosed, the method comprising generating metallic iron by removing oxygen from iron ore using a reducing gaseous mixture with excess carbon monoxide that produces an excess CO2 by-product is provided. CO2 by-product is optionally sequestered. A system for carrying out the method is also disclosed.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
C21B 13/00 - Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
A material handling tool having a support member, a magnet, a magnet control, a power source, and a magnet coupling. The support member may be made of two or more support member portions that allow for interchangeable support members of various lengths to be used in order to adjust the length of the material handling tool. The magnets used with the material handling tool may also be interchangeable in order to use magnets of different strengths. A magnet coupling may be used that provides angular and/or rotational movement of the magnet with respect to the support member. The magnet may be an electromagnet, which may have a magnetic field that can be adjusted. As such, a magnet control and/or power source may be used to adjust the magnetic field by turning the magnetic field on or off or adjusting the strength of the magnetic field.
B25J 1/04 - Manipulators positioned in space by hand rigid, e.g. shelf-reachers
B25J 15/06 - Gripping heads with vacuum or magnetic holding means
B65G 9/00 - Apparatus for assisting manual handling having suspended load-carriers movable by hand or gravity
B66C 1/06 - Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting, lowering, or hauling gear of cranes, or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting forces to articles or groups of articles by magnetic means electromagnetic
A material handling tool having a support member, a magnet, a magnet control, a power source, and a magnet coupling. The support member may be made of two or more support member portions that allow for interchangeable support members of various lengths to be used in order to adjust the length of the material handling tool. The magnets used with the material handling tool may also be interchangeable in order to use magnets of different strengths. A magnet coupling may be used that provides angular and/or rotational movement of the magnet with respect to the support member. The magnet may be an electromagnet, which may have a magnetic field that can be adjusted. As such, a magnet control and/or power source may be used to adjust the magnetic field by turning the magnetic field on or off or adjusting the strength of the magnetic field.
A construction management system allows a user to capture an item identifier from an item (e.g., shipment, group of components, and/or one or more components) using a mobile device. The item identifier may be used to identify a project and access a model for the product, identify a component in a model, and/or identify the components in a shipment for staging purposes. Moreover, the system may be used to identify a status for the one or more components. The status may be that the one or more components are shipped, received, staged for assembly, installed, or the like. The status of the one or more components may be automatically updated by capturing the item identifier. Moreover, the user may also select shipment information for past, current, and/or future shipments in order to identify the one or more components associated with each of the shipments.
G06F 17/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
G06F 30/13 - Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
G06F 3/0482 - Interaction with lists of selectable items, e.g. menus
G06F 3/04842 - Selection of displayed objects or displayed text elements
G06K 7/14 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
G06T 19/00 - Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
G06F 3/04815 - Interaction with a metaphor-based environment or interaction object displayed as three-dimensional, e.g. changing the user viewpoint with respect to the environment or object
G06F 111/20 - Configuration CAD, e.g. designing by assembling or positioning modules selected from libraries of predesigned modules
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
39 - Transport, packaging, storage and travel services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Providing business information concerning scrap transactions, shipments, payments and accounts via a global computer network to shippers, freight vendors, agency consumers and open market consumers; freight logistics management; scrap yard services, namely, scrap yard dealerships Brokerage in the field of buying, selling and trading ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal and ferro alloys Railcar dismantling services Operating and leasing rail cars for hauling of materials and scrap management, namely, loading and storing ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal; collection of scrap metal for recycling; supply chain logistics and reverse logistics services, namely, storage, transportation and delivery of goods for others by air, rail, ship, or truck; scrap yard services, namely, collection of scrap metal for recycling Treatment of metal; treatment of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, namely, blending and processing; recycling services; scrap yard services, namely, recycling of scrap metal Railcar engineering and inspection services for quality control purposes
06 - Common metals and ores; objects made of metal
Goods & Services
Steel plate; steel; steel beams; steel construction materials, namely, plates, angles, round bars, flat bars, and sections in the nature of sheets, channels, hollow sections, and columns
57.
Electrical steel processing without a post cold-rolling intermediate anneal
Embodiments of the present invention comprise; annealing steel sheets (e.g., hot rolled steel sheets or thin cast strip steel); cold rolling the sheets in one or more cold rolling steps (e.g., with annealing steps between multiple cold rolling steps); and performing one or more of tension leveling, a rough rolling, or a coating process on the sheets after cold rolling, without an intermediate annealing step between the final cold rolling step and the tension leveling, the rough rolling, or the coating process, or the customer stamping or final customer annealing. In order to achieve the desired properties for the steel sheet, stamping and final annealing is performed by the customer. The new process provides an electrical steel with the similar, same, or better magnetic properties than an electrical steel manufactured using the traditional processing that utilizes an intermediate annealing step after cold rolling and before the stamping and final annealing.
C22C 38/60 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
C22C 38/02 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
C21D 8/12 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
H01F 1/16 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
Decking hangers (e.g., strut hangers, flexible hangers, combinations thereof, or the like) are utilized along with keys (e.g., continuous keys, discontinuous keys, combination thereof, or the like) to hang decking components from structural decking (e.g., fluted steel structural decking, or the like). The decking hangers may be rigid and/or flexible, and include an adjustment that allows one end of the hanger to move with respect to another end. The keys may be continuous and run longitudinally parallel with the direction of the webs of the flutes of the decking. Alternatively, the keys may be discontinuous having a continuous side (e.g., continuous perimeter), or multiple sides, that enclose a corresponding connector at an end of a hanger. The keys provide different locations for installing the hangers and/or providing multiple (e.g., two or more) points of connection on at least one end of a single hanger.
F16B 2/04 - Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening internal, i.e. with spreading action
E04B 1/00 - Constructions in generalStructures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
F16M 13/02 - Other supports for positioning apparatus or articlesMeans for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles for supporting on, or attaching to, an object, e.g. tree, gate, window-frame, cycle
F16L 3/18 - Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe allowing movement in axial direction
06 - Common metals and ores; objects made of metal
Goods & Services
Steel; steel, namely, flat rolled steel and steel sheet; steel plates; none of the foregoing for use in connection with the installation, repair, maintenance or construction of roofs or roofing systems
60.
Insulated roof systems, support members thereof, and method of installing
Support members for a roof system are provided to allow for positioning panels of a roof apart from building members so that building components, such as insulation may be placed between the roof panels and the building members. The support members may be utilized in new buildings or to retrofit existing buildings. Each of the support members may comprise a single support member that has a base portion operatively coupled to an offset portion that is operatively coupled to an upper portion. One or more channels may be provided in the base portion, offset portion, and/or the upper portion to provide structural support and to allow the support members to be operatively coupled to each other and other building members without the need for additional components.
Support members for a roof system are provided to allow for positioning panels of a roof apart from building members so that building components, such as insulation may be placed between the roof panels and the building members. The support members may be utilized in new buildings or to retrofit existing buildings. Each of the support members may comprise a single support member that has a base portion operatively coupled to an offset portion that is operatively coupled to an upper portion. One or more channels may be provided in the base portion, offset portion, and/or the upper portion to provide structural support and to allow the support members to be operatively coupled to each other and other building members without the need for additional components.
E04B 7/22 - Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. being laminated with layers of insulating material
An apparatus for continuously casting thin strip has a pair of internally cooled counter-rotatable casting rolls having casting surfaces, the pair of casting rolls laterally positioned to form a gap at a nip between the casting rolls through which a thin metal strip can be cast, where the casting surface of each casting roll has a roll profile extending in an axial direction of the corresponding casting roll; a metal delivery system adapted to deliver molten metal above the nip to form a casting pool; and a temperature altering source external to the casting roll and having one or more zones configured to alter the casting roll profile of at least one of the pair of casting rolls by locally heating or cooling the casting roll.
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
B22D 11/16 - Controlling or regulating processes or operations
64.
ZINC ALLOY COATING LAYER OF PRESS-HARDENABLE STEEL
The present disclosure relates to a coating of a press hardened steel strip, the coating providing cathodic protection. The coating of the post-press hardened steel strip comprises zinc, aluminum, and at least one element selected from manganese (Mn) and/or antimony (Sb).
The decking anchors may have a primary portion and a secondary portion that are operatively coupled together, such as through a fastener. The primary portion may comprise one or more primary projections (e.g., first and second primary projections) and/or the secondary portion may comprise one or more secondary projections (e.g., first and second secondary projections). In a first position adjacent projections may be retracted towards each other. In the first position the anchor may be installed into a cavity of the decking panel. The anchor may be rotated into a pre-installed position, and a force is exerted on the anchor such that the projections contact the webs of the decking. In response to continued force the projections move with respect to each other such that the anchor is moved into an installed position (e.g., the adjacent projections extend with respect to each other).
E04F 15/02 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
E04F 15/06 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of metal, whether or not in combination with other material
E04B 5/17 - Floor structures partly formed in situ
E04F 15/08 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. concreteFlooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of glass
A hot rolled, ultra-high strength, complex metallographic structured or multi-phase structured steel that improves formability during stamping or forming process, while possessing one or more of the following properties: excellent castability, rollability and coatability, excellent structural performance, excellent stretch formability, excellent stretch flangeability, excellent dent resistance, excellent durability, excellent impact performance, excellent intrusion and crash resistance without the purposeful addition of boron.
A cold-rolled ultra-high strength, multi-phase structured steel is disclosed with improved stamping and forming performance during manufacturing processes, while possessing one or more of the following properties: excellent castability and rollability, excellent galvanizability and/or coatability, excellent formability, excellent fracture resistance, excellent stretch formability and stretch flangeability, excellent dent resistance, excellent durability, excellent impact performance and structural performance, excellent intrusion and crash resistance, and excellent weldability, without the purposeful addition of boron.
A twin roll casting system includes a pair of counter]rotating casting rolls having an adjustable nip therebetween, a casting roll controller configured to adjust the nip between the casting rolls in response to control signals; a cast strip sensor measuring a parameter of the cast strip and generating strip measurement signals; and an iterative learning control (ILC) controller receiving the strip measurement signals and providing control signals to the casting roll controller. The ILC controller includes a fault detection algorithm receiving the control signals and the strip measurement signals and generating a fault detection signal indicating when a fault condition is detected and an iterative learning control algorithm to generate the control signals. The fault detection algorithm indicates a fault condition when it detects the control signal exceeding an upper control saturation threshold or the ILC controller operating a state that is not guaranteed as stable.
Embodiments of the invention relate to structural panel systems, and in particular in-frame fluted panel systems. The in-frame fluted panel systems allow for improved strength and/or ductility within a reduced wall thickness by installing the fluted panels within the framing of the support members in various configurations. The in-frame fluted panel systems further allows for easier construction and lower costs than conventional systems that have fluted panels located outside of the support members.
E04B 2/56 - Walls of framework or pillarworkWalls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
E04C 2/32 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like materialBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
E04D 3/30 - Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like of metal
E04B 1/08 - Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of metal
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
70.
Zinc alloy coated press-hardenable steels and method of manufacturing the same
The present disclosure relates to coated steel strip providing the steel with cathodic protection before and after the steel is press hardened or hot formed at a high austenitization temperature up to 950° C. The coating of the coated steel strip comprises zinc, aluminum, and at least one element selected from manganese (Mn) and/or antimony (Sb).
C23C 2/06 - Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
C21D 9/52 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for wiresHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for strips
C21D 8/02 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
C23C 2/28 - Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
The present disclosure relates to a zinc-based alloy coating for steel strip through a continuous galvanizing process. This zinc-based alloy coating provides the steel with cathodic protection before and after the steel is press hardened processing at a high austenitization temperature up to 950° C. The zinc-based alloy coating also reduces or eliminates the susceptibility to liquid metal embrittlement during or after welding for various types of non-press hardenable advanced ultra high-strength steels. The zinc-based alloy comprises at least one element selected from manganese (Mn) and/or antimony (Sb).
Disclosed herein is a light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel pile for use as a steel foundation in structures such as, for example, solar arrangements. The light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel pile comprises a thickness of 2.5 mm or less that has been cold roll formed into a steel pile having a web and a pair of opposing flanges, each having discontinuities formed therein. The steel pile further comprises a yield strength of between 700 and 1600 MPa, a tensile strength of between 1000 and 2100 MPa, and an elongation of between 1% and 10%.
C22C 38/04 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
C21D 9/52 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for wiresHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for strips
C22C 38/46 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
C22C 38/42 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
C22C 38/06 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
C22C 38/02 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
Disclosed herein is a light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel sheet with a composition, material properties, and surface characteristics that make it suitable for hot-stamping applications and making hot-stamped products. Also disclosed herein is a high friction rolled carbon alloy steel strip free of prior austenite grain boundary depressions and having a smear pattern. Still further disclosed herein is a high friction rolled carbon alloy steel strip that has been surface homogenized to provide a thin cast steel strip free of a smear pattern.
B21D 22/22 - Deep-drawing with devices for holding the edge of the blanks
C21D 9/52 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for wiresHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for strips
C22C 38/46 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
C22C 38/42 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
C22C 38/06 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
C22C 38/02 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
Disclosed herein is a light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel pile for use as a steel foundation in structures such as, for example, solar arrangements. The light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel pile comprises a thickness of 2.5 mm or less that has been cold roll formed into a steel pile having a web and a pair of opposing flanges, each having discontinuities formed therein. The steel pile further comprises a yield strength of between 700 and 1600 MPa, a tensile strength of between 1000 and 2100 MPa, and an elongation of between 1% and 10%.
Disclosed herein is a light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel sheet with a composition, material properties, and surface characteristics that make it suitable for hot-stamping applications and making hot-stamped products. Also disclosed herein is a high friction rolled carbon alloy steel strip free of prior austenite grain boundary depressions and having a smear pattern. Still further disclosed herein is a high friction rolled carbon alloy steel strip that has been surface homogenized to provide a thin cast steel strip free of a smear pattern.
A method and apparatus of continuously casting thin strip by controlling roll crown is provided. The apparatus for continuously casting thin strip by controlling roll crown includes at least two expansion rings positioned within and adjacent a cylindrical tube and spaced within 450 mm of edge portions of the cast strip formed on opposite end portions of casting rolls during a casting campaign. Alternatively or in addition, the apparatus includes at least one expansion ring within the cylindrical tube at a position corresponding to center portions of the cast strip formed on the casting rolls during a casting campaign. Each expansion ring has at least one heating element and an insulating coating thereon and is adapted to increase in radial dimension causing the cylindrical tube to expand changing roll crown of the casting surfaces of the casting rolls and thickness profile of the cast strip during casting.
B22D 11/16 - Controlling or regulating processes or operations
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
Systems and apparatus for continuously casting thin strip where one or more expansion rings are positioned within at least one of a pair of casting rolls, and automatically measuring a thickness of the cast strip close to the first side edge of the strip using at least one sensor. If the thickness measured is too thin, automatically decreasing the radial dimension of the expansion ring arranged in close proximity to the first side edge to cause the cylindrical tube to contract and increase the thickness of the cast strip during casting. If the thickness measured indicates that the thickness of the cast strip is too thick, automatically increasing the radial dimension of the expansion ring arranged in close proximity to the first side edge to cause the cylindrical tube to expand and reduce the thickness of the cast strip during casting.
B22D 11/16 - Controlling or regulating processes or operations
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
B22D 11/14 - Plants for continuous casting, e.g. for upwardly drawing the strand
B22D 11/18 - Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
Presently disclosed is a standoff fastener for use in a compound floor structure. The threaded fastener includes a threaded standoff portion designed to accept a nut which has a diameter larger than a head portion of the standoff fastener. The head portion is located centrally within the fastener in order to reduce a tendency of the fastener to pivot within a driver during the fastening process.
E04B 1/41 - Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
F16B 25/00 - Screws that form threads in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws, self-tapping screws
E04B 5/29 - Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated the prefabricated parts of the beams consisting wholly of metal
E04B 5/40 - Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcementForm slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element with metal form slabs
E04B 5/17 - Floor structures partly formed in situ
F16B 25/10 - Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws
80.
Decking anchor, decking system utilizing the decking anchor, and method of installing the decking anchor
The decking anchors have a web anchor and a flange anchor that are operatively coupled together. In an assembly position, the web anchor and the flange anchor may be oriented in the same plane. After insertion into the cavity of the decking, the flange anchor may contact the upper flange of the decking, the web anchor may be rotated (e.g., after moving vertically upward while the flange anchor remains stationary), the web anchor may engage the webs of the decking (e.g., after moving vertically downward while the flange anchor remains stationary), and a stop may be operatively coupled to the web anchor and the flange anchor, in order to secure the web anchor and the flange anchor to each other while the web anchor contacts the webs and the flange anchor contacts the upper flange to form an anchor within the decking that has loading resistance in all directions.
E04F 15/06 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of metal, whether or not in combination with other material
E04F 15/02 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
E04F 15/08 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. concreteFlooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of glass
81.
DECKING ANCHOR, DECKING SYSTEM UTILIZING THE DECKING ANCHOR, AND METHOD OF INSTALLING THE DECKING ANCHOR
The decking anchors have a web anchor and a flange anchor that are operatively coupled together. In an assembly position, the web anchor and the flange anchor may be oriented in the same plane. After insertion into the cavity of the decking, the flange anchor may contact the upper flange of the decking, the web anchor may be rotated (e.g., after moving vertically upward while the flange anchor remains stationary), the web anchor may engage the webs of the decking (e.g., after moving vertically downward while the flange anchor remains stationary), and a stop may be operatively coupled to the web anchor and the flange anchor, in order to secure the web anchor and the flange anchor to each other while the web anchor contacts the webs and the flange anchor contacts the upper flange to form an anchor within the decking that has loading resistance in all directions.
E04B 1/38 - Connections for building structures in general
E04B 5/00 - FloorsFloor construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted therefor
F16B 2/14 - Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening using wedges
Described herein are thin metal strips having hot rolled exterior side surfaces characterized as being primarily or substantially free of all prior austenite grain boundaries, or at least primarily or substantially free of all prior austenite grain boundaries, and including elongated surface structure. As a result, because the prior austenite grain boundaries are not primarily or substantially present, all such prior austenite grain boundaries are not susceptible to grain boundary etching due to acid etching or pickling. In particular examples, the thin metal strips undergo hot rolling performed with a coefficient of friction equal to or greater than 0.20 with or without use of lubrication.
C21D 8/02 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
C21D 9/46 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for sheet metals
B21B 27/10 - Lubricating, cooling, or heating rolls externally
B21B 45/00 - Devices for surface treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
B21B 45/02 - Devices for surface treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
B21B 3/00 - Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences
C22C 38/02 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
C22C 38/04 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
C22C 38/06 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
C22C 38/14 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
C22C 38/12 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium or niobium
C22C 38/60 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
C22C 38/42 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
83.
ULTRA-HIGH STRENGTH WEATHERING STEEL AND HIGH FRICTION ROLLING OF THE SAME
Disclosed herein is a light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel sheet comprising between 0.5% and 1.5% nickel. Also disclosed herein is a high friction rolled carbon alloy steel strip free of prior austenite grain boundary depressions and having a smear pattern. Still further disclosed herein is a high friction rolled carbon alloy steel strip that has been surface homogenized to provide a thin cast steel strip free of a smear pattern.
Disclosed herein is a light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel sheet comprising between 0.5% and 1.5% nickel. Also disclosed herein is a high friction rolled carbon alloy steel strip free of prior austenite grain boundaries and having a smear pattern. Still further disclosed herein is a high friction rolled carbon alloy steel strip that has been surface homogenized to provide a thin cast steel strip free of a smear pattern.
C21D 9/52 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for wiresHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for strips
C21D 11/00 - Process control or regulation for heat treatments
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
Disclosed herein is a light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel pile for use as a steel foundation in structures such as, for example, solar arrangements. The light-gauge, ultra-high strength weathering steel pile comprises a thickness of 2.5 mm or less that has been cold roll formed into a steel pile having a plurality of sidewalls. The steel pile further comprises a yield strength of between 700 and 1600 MPa, a tensile strength of between 1000 and 2100 MPa, and an elongation of between 1% and 10%.
06 - Common metals and ores; objects made of metal
Goods & Services
(1) Steel bridging; steel bridging for roofing and roofing joists; metal joists; steel bridging to allow for more insulation to be used on a roof system
A joist tie may be designed to increase the strength of the joist tie and reduce the thickness of the joist tie, in order to provide the desired strength and the ability to make connections that operatively couple structural decking, the joist tie, and joists together using a single connector in one or more locations. The joist tie may be strengthened through the use of one or more ribs and/or one or more flanges. The one or more ribs may be formed to fit within one or more cavities within adjacent joists located in series. As such, the shape of the joist tie may be dimensioned in order to allow the joist tie to be placed on a first joist and a second joist without having to be attached until after assembly of the structural decking on top of the joist tie and joists.
A system for controlling a plant having a rolling mill for producing thin strip product is provided herein. The system includes a thickness gauge and a controller. The thickness gauge is positioned at the exit of the rolling mill to make thickness measurements of the thin strip product at a plurality of locations across a width of the thin strip product. The controller is coupled to the thickness gauge and configured to receive the thickness measurements, to process the thickness measurements to detect oscillations in the thickness of the thin strip product corresponding to a plurality of control locations, and to detect flatness defects in the thin strip product based on the thickness oscillations.
B21B 38/02 - Methods or devices for measuring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product for measuring flatness or profile of strips
B21B 37/00 - Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
B21B 37/16 - Control of thickness, width, diameter or other transverse dimensions
B21B 37/28 - Control of flatness or profile during rolling of strip, sheets or plates
B21B 38/00 - Methods or devices for measuring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
B21B 38/06 - Methods or devices for measuring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product for measuring tension or compression
90.
ONLINE MONITORING AND CONTROL TO ELIMINATE SURFACE DEFECTS ARISING DURING THE PRODUCTION OF CAST STEEL STRIP
A method of controlling a continuous caster producing thin cast strip of metal may comprise the steps of obtaining microwave measurements of a first surface of the cast strip with a microwave reflectometer, transforming the microwave measurements of the first surface into SAR images of the first surface, and analyzing the SAR images to determine whether cracks are present in the first surface. For each crack identified, a size of the crack is determined. For cracks equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold size, an angular orientation of the crack is determined. A category of each crack is determined based on crack size and, for cracks equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold, angular orientation. Caster operation may then be adjusted to mitigate the category of detected crack.
A SAR microwave reflectometer for detecting cracks in metal surfaces may comprise a microwave signal source, an antenna coupled to the signal source and configured to radiate a plurality of electric field vector directions, a receiver coupled to at least first and second receive paths having different polarizations, and a SAR processor coupled to the receiver. The SAR processor transforms measurements received on the first and second receive paths into first and second SAR images, identifies a location of a defect from magnitude information derived from at least one of the first and second SAR images, determines a defect size from magnitude information, and determines an orientation angle of the defect by determining a difference between phase information derived from the first SAR image and the phase information derived from the SAR image.
G01B 15/08 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
G01B 15/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
G01B 15/06 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring the deformation in a solid
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
C21D 9/52 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for wiresHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for strips
C22C 38/48 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
C22C 38/44 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
C22C 38/42 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
C22C 38/06 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
C22C 38/02 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
B22D 11/00 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
B22D 11/12 - Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
An essentially lead free steel having improved machinability while reducing or eliminating lead (except for trace impurities) and without detriment of the material properties of the steel. The properties of the lead free steel are dependent on both the composition and method of manufacture. The improved lead free steel has, in percent by weight (wt-%): Carbon: 0.39-0.43%; Manganese: 0.75-1.00%; Silicon: 0.15-0.35%; Chromium: 0.80-1.05%; Molybdenum: 0.15-0.25%; at least one of Tellurium: 0.003-0.090 wt-%, Selenium: 0.080-0.2 wt-%, Sulfur: 0.065-0.09% wt-%, and Bismuth: 0.03-0.1 wt-%; and the balance being Fe and normally occurring scrap steel impurities. The hot-rolled lead-free steel product is subjected to a heat treatment at a first temperature for a first duration, at a second temperature for a second duration that is less than the first temperature, at a third temperature for a third time period that is greater than the second temperature, and subsequently cooling the steel product.
Methods of billet casting are provided herein. The methods may include the steps of assembling a billet caster with a shroud extending from a tundish to above a mold such that the shroud does not reach molten metal in the mold, delivering molten metal from a ladle into the tundish, delivering molten metal from the tundish through the shroud to the mold, the shroud inhibiting contact between the molten metal and air, casting the molten metal into billets in the mold and cooling the billets below the mold with a coolant spray, and delivering the cooled billet to a runout table to be cut to length.
A twin roll casting system where the casting rolls have a nip between the casting rolls, each roller having a circumference and a rotational period. The casting roll controller adjusts the nip between the casting rolls in response to control signals. The sensor measures at least one parameter of the cast strip. The ILC controller receives strip measurement signals from the sensor and provides control signals to the casting roll controller. The ILC controller includes an ILC control algorithm to generate the control signals based on the strip measurement signals and a time delay estimate based on circumference, rotational period, and a length of cast strip between the nip and the sensor to compensate for an elapsed time from the cast strip exiting the nip to being measured by the cast strip sensor.
B22D 11/16 - Controlling or regulating processes or operations
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
99.
APPARATUS FOR MAKING THIN FLOOR PLATE AND A THIN FLOOR PLATE
A method of making floor plate includes assembling a pair of casting rolls laterally disposed to form a nip, assembling a hot rolling mill downstream of the nip having work rolls with a surface pattern forming the negative of a raised slip-resistant pattern desired in a floor plate, introducing molten metal through at least one metal delivery nozzle to form a casting pool supported on the casting rolls above the nip; counter rotating the casting rolls to form shells on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls to cast metal strip of less than 2.2 mm thickness downwardly from the nip, and delivering the cast metal strip to and through the hot rolling mill to form by the negative of the slip-resistant pattern on the work rolls a raised slip-resistant pattern of between 0.3 and 0.7 mm in height in a floor plate of less than 1.7 mm thickness.
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
B21B 1/46 - Metal rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-sectionSequence of operations in milling trainsLayout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of standsSuccession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
E04F 15/06 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of metal, whether or not in combination with other material
E04F 15/02 - Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
100.
Structural systems with improved sidelap and buckling spans
The invention relates to structural panel systems which utilize different configurations to increase the flexibility of the panel systems. The increased flexibility of the panel systems may be achieved through the use of improved connection patterns and/or improved sidelap strength. The improved sidelap strength may be achieved through the use of a reinforcing member between edges of the panels or other sidelap configurations that improve the strength of the system along the sidelaps. The increased flexibility may also be achieved through the use of orienting flutes of the panels in the same direction as the supports members of the panel systems. The different aspects of the invention that improve the flexibility of the systems may be utilized alone or in combination with each other to improve the wall panel systems or roof panel systems, or combinations thereof, to improve the displacement capacity of the panel systems for in-plane shear loading.
E04C 2/32 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like materialBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
E04C 2/08 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of metal, e.g. sheet metal
E04D 3/362 - ConnectingFastening by specially-profiled marginal portions of the slabs or sheets by locking the edge of one slab or sheet within the profiled marginal portion of the adjacent slab or sheet, e.g. using separate connecting elements
E04H 9/02 - Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
E04H 9/14 - Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
