Systems and methods for transferring heat from a heat source using a dual-channel flow boiling structure having a first fluid flow channel configured to receive a flow of a first fluid in a first direction, a second fluid flow channel configured to receive a flow of a second fluid in a second direction, parallel or counterflow to the first direction, and a separator condenser separating the first fluid flow channel and the second fluid flow channel. Opposing sides of the separator condenser define a flow surface of the first fluid flow channel and a flow surface of the second fluid flow channel. One or both opposing sides of the separator condenser has a functionalized surface that includes micro-scale and nano-scale features formed by femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP) or any other functionalization technique, and/or a surface of the first fluid flow channel other than the flow surface defined by the separator condenser is a functionalized surface that includes micro-scale and nano-scale features.
F28F 13/18 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflectingArrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
2.
REMOTE LASER DESENSITIZATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DESENSITIZING ALUMINUM AND OTHER METAL ALLOYS
A method for desensitizing a metal alloy such as an aluminum (Al) alloy is presented. The surface of the alloy is treated by controlled laser beam irradiation. The scanning laser beam heats the alloy to reach a relative low temperature between a solvus temperature and a soften/annealing temperature of the metal alloy to controllably reduce the degree of sensitization (DOS) of the metal alloy. The locally rapid heating and cooling effects produced by scanning the laser can improve the future sensitization resistance of the metal alloy, reduce the average desensitization temperature applied, and maintain the mechanical properties of Al alloy at the same time.
C22F 1/04 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
A magnetic gear assembly includes a first magnet ring comprising first magnetic pole-pairs disposed evenly along the first magnet ring, a second magnet ring comprising second magnetic pole-pairs disposed evenly along the second magnet ring, a third magnet ring comprising third magnetic pole-pairs disposed evenly along the third magnet ring, wherein each of the first magnetic pole-pairs, the second magnetic pole-pairs, and the third magnetic pole-pairs comprises two opposing magnets, and a fourth ring comprising ferromagnetic pieces disposed evenly along the fourth ring. The first, second, third, and fourth magnet rings are arranged along an axis, wherein the first and the second magnet rings are positioned on either side of the third magnet ring along the axis, and wherein magnetic flux generated by the third magnet ring is distributed between the first and the second magnet rings during operation of the magnetic gear assembly.
A method for laser-processing a metallic surface to produce a functionalized metallic surface comprises: providing a material substrate having the surface; and applying a pulsed laser beam to a region of the surface, the pulsed laser beam being applied at a non-normal angle to the surface, wherein material in the region of the surface ablates due to the applied pulsed laser beam and wherein at least a portion of the ablated material redeposits on the surface to produce one or more material-coated structures angled at the non-normal angle with respect to the surface, wherein the surface having the one or more material-coated structures is the functionalized surface. The functionalized metallic surface has broadband directional emissivity independent of polarization.
Systems and methods for generating longitudinally modulated (micro-bunched) electron bunches and for generating coherent radiation by the emission from relativistic electrons with a density that is longitudinally modulated (micro-bunched) with a spatial dimension that is significantly below the wavelength of the emitted radiation. The light source includes a high-brightness relativistic electron beam that interacts in a magnetic structure (linear or helical undulator or wiggler) or an electromagnetic structure with a pulse of high-power electro-magnetic wave (modulation laser pulse). The interaction leads to a large energy-modulation of the electron bunch which is transformed into a spatial modulation by an energy-dispersive element that can be the same undulator.
H01S 4/00 - Devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in wave ranges other than those covered by groups , or , e.g. phonon masers, X-ray lasers or gamma-ray lasers
H01S 3/0959 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using pumping by high energy particles by an electron beam
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
Aspects disclosed herein include a high-entropy metal/ceramic composite (“HEMCC”) material comprising: one or more high-entropy metallic alloy (HEMA) regions characterized by a HEMA composition, the HEMA composition comprising four or more metal elements; wherein an atomic percent of each of the four or more metal elements of the HEMA composition is within 10% (optionally, within 5%) of an atomic percent of each other of the four or more metal elements of the HEMA composition; one or more high-entropy ceramic (HEC) regions characterized by an HEC composition, the HEC composition comprising four or more metal elements and one or more nonmetal elements; wherein an atomic percent of each of the four or more metal elements of the HEC composition is within 10% (optionally, within 5%) of an atomic percent of each other of the four or more metal elements of the HEC composition.
Systems for and methods for improving mechanical properties of ceramic material are provided. The system comprises a heat source for heating the ceramic material to a temperature greater than a brittle-to-ductile transition temperature of the ceramic material; a probe for mounting the ceramic material and configured to extend the ceramic material into the heat source; a plasma-confining medium and a sacrificial layer disposed between the ceramic material and the plasma-confining medium; and an energy pulse generator such as a laser pulse generator. The sacrificial layer is utilized to form plasma between the ceramic material and the plasma-confining medium. The method comprises heating ceramic material to a temperature greater than a brittle-to-ductile transition temperature of the ceramic material and subjecting the ceramic material to energy pulses via a sacrificial layer and a plasma-confining medium whereby a plasma of the sacrificial coating forms between the ceramic material and a plasma-confining medium.
B23K 26/356 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
B28B 11/00 - Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped articles
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
8.
Neuromorphic computing using electrostatic MEMS devices
A continuous-time recurrent neural network (CTRNN) is described that exploits the nonlinear dynamics of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices to model a neuron in accordance with a neuron rate model that is the basis for dynamic field theory. Each MEMS device in the CTRNN is configured to simulate a neuron population by exploiting the characteristics of bi-stability and hysteresis inherent in certain MEMS device structures. In an embodiment, the MEMS device is a microbeam or cantilevered microbeam device that is excited with an alternating current (AC) voltage at or near an electrical resonance frequency associated with the MEMS device. In another embodiment, the MEMS device is an arched microbeam device that is excited with a direct current voltage and exhibits snap-through behavior due to the physical design of the structure. A CTRNN can be implemented using a number of MEMS devices that are interconnected, the connections associated with varying connection coefficients.
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
G06N 3/04 - Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
G06N 3/049 - Temporal neural networks, e.g. delay elements, oscillating neurons or pulsed inputs
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
9.
Sensing system and method for direct injection systems on agricultural sprayers
A method for monitoring and controlling chemical concentration in a direct injection agricultural sprayer system monitors initial chemical concentration output from a chemical tank, carrier flow from a carrier tank, and mixed chemical concentration at nozzles of the spray system downstream of individual mixing points of the nozzles. Flow from the carrier tank and/or the chemical tank are controlled to target a set concentration at each of the nozzles. The initial chemical concentration establishes maximum concentration and a calibration curve for a chemical being applied and the mixed chemical concentration establishes an applied concentration in view of the calibration curve. A system is provided for the method.
A01M 7/00 - Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
A01C 23/00 - Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
A01C 23/04 - Distributing under pressureDistributing mudAdaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
B05B 7/26 - Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
G05D 11/13 - Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
10.
CONDUCTIVE CONCRETE STRUCTURE FOR DOORLESS ACCESS TO ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDED STRUCTURES
In an example, a conductive concrete structure is disclosed. The conductive concrete can include a plurality of conductive side structures defining an interior of the conductive concrete structure and a plurality of conductive concrete partitions disposed within the interior of the conductive concrete structure. The plurality of conductive concrete partitions are arranged to define a labyrinth within the conductive concrete structure.
A barrier system (100) includes first and second barrier segments (102) connected to one another such that crash energy is absorbed. The connection between the segments includes a pair of wedge-shaped connectors (202) disposed between angled faces (118) formed at the opposing ends of the segments. Elastic pads (700) are sandwiched between the respective segment faces and connectors (202).
A method for desensitizing a metal alloy such as an aluminum (Al) alloy is presented. The surface of the alloy is treated by controlled laser beam irradiation. The scanning laser beam heats the alloy to reach a relative low temperature between a solvus temperature and a soften/annealing temperature of the metal alloy to controllably reduce the degree of sensitization (DOS) of the metal alloy. The locally rapid heating and cooling effects produced by scanning the laser can improve the future sensitization resistance of the metal alloy, reduce the average desensitization temperature applied, and maintain the mechanical properties of Al alloy at the same time.
C22F 1/04 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
13.
SENSING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DIRECT INJECTION SYSTEMS ON AGRICULTURAL SPRAYERS
A method for monitoring and controlling chemical concentration in a direct injection agricultural sprayer system monitors initial chemical concentration output from a chemical tank, carrier flow from a carrier tank, and mixed chemical concentration at nozzles of the spray system downstream of individual mixing points of the nozzles. Flow from the carrier tank and/or the chemical tank are controlled to target a set concentration at each of the nozzles. The initial chemical concentration establishes maximum concentration and a calibration curve for a chemical being applied and the mixed chemical concentration establishes an applied concentration in view of the calibration curve. A system is provided for the method.
Systems for and methods for improving mechanical properties of ceramic material are provided. The system comprises a heat source for heating the ceramic material to a temperature greater than a brittle-to-ductile transition temperature of the ceramic material; a probe for mounting the ceramic material and configured to extend the ceramic material into the heat source; a plasma-confining medium and a sacrificial layer disposed between the ceramic material and the plasma-confining medium; and an energy pulse generator such as a laser pulse generator. The sacrificial layer is utilized to form plasma between the ceramic material and the plasma-confining medium. The method comprises heating ceramic material to a temperature greater than a brittle-to-ductile transition temperature of the ceramic material and subjecting the ceramic material to energy pulses via a sacrificial layer and a plasma-confining medium whereby a plasma of the sacrificial coating forms between the ceramic material and a plasma-confining medium.
B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
C04B 35/10 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on aluminium oxide
15.
Surfactant additive for solution coating large area high efficiency perovskite solar cells and other devices
H01L 31/08 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the Navy (USA)
Inventor
Han, Ming
Liu, Guigen
Hou, Weilin
Sheng, Qiwen
Abstract
A fiber optic sensor, a process for utilizing a fiber optic sensor, and a process for fabricating a fiber optic sensor are described, where a double-side-polished silicon pillar is attached to an optical fiber tip and forms a Fabry-Pérot cavity. In an implementation, a fiber optic sensor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment includes an optical fiber configured to be coupled to a light source and a spectrometer; and a single silicon layer or multiple silicon layers disposed on an end face of the optical fiber, where each of the silicon layer(s) defines a Fabry-Pérot interferometer, and where the sensor head reflects light from the light source to the spectrometer. In some implementations, the fiber optic sensor may include the light source coupled to the optical fiber, a spectrometer coupled to the optical fiber, and a controller coupled to the high-speed spectrometer.
G01H 9/00 - Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
G01K 11/32 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
G01K 13/02 - Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
G01F 1/688 - Structural arrangementsMounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element
17.
Molecular doping enabled scalable blading of efficient hole transport layer-free perovskite solar cells
A method of forming a photoactive device includes steps of: forming a photoactive layer, the photoactive layer comprising a perovskite material and a dopant; wherein the photoactive device comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode; wherein said photoactive layer is directly or indirectly in electronic communication with the positive electrode and directly or indirectly in electronic communication with the negative electrode; and wherein the photoactive device is free of a hole transport layer between the photoactive layer and the positive electrode.
The present disclosure is directed to a fiber optic bolometer device. In an implementation, a fiber optic bolometer device includes an optical fiber and a silicon layer that comprises a Fabry-Pérot interferometer. The silicon layer includes a first surface and a second surface. The fiber optic bolometer device includes a reflective dielectric film disposed over the first surface of the silicon layer where the reflective dielectric film is adjacent to an end face of the optical fiber. The fiber optic bolometer device also includes an absorptive coating disposed over the second surface of the silicon layer (e.g., the surface distal to the end face of the optical fiber).
G01N 21/41 - RefractivityPhase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
G01N 21/45 - RefractivityPhase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methodsRefractivityPhase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using Schlieren methods
A barrier system (100) includes first and second barrier segments (102) connected to one another such that crash energy is absorbed. The connection between the segments includes a pair of wedge-shaped connectors (202) disposed between angled faces (118) formed at the opposing ends of the segments. Elastic pads (700) are sandwiched between the respective segment faces and connectors (202).
H01L 51/00 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof
21.
Wind energy to compressed fluid conversion and energy system
A wind energy to compressed fluid conversion system has a compressor to compress fluid when the wind energy exceeds a capacity limit of the generator. Instead of trimming blades to create mechanical spillage, excess energy is converted and stored, and can furnish power when the generator experiences a capacity vacancy.
F04B 25/04 - Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
F04B 27/08 - Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
F03D 9/11 - Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
F03D 9/28 - Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
22.
In-line fiber sensing, noise cancellation and strain detection
An in-line fiber-optic sensing element, a system, and methods for detecting strain using a fiber optic sensor are described that include using at least two chirped grating structures. In an implementation, an in-line fiber-optic sensing element that employs example techniques in accordance with the present disclosure includes an optically transmissive fiber including a core and an outer layer; a Fabry-Perot cavity defined by a portion of the optically transmissive fiber and two chirped fiber-Bragg grating structures, where the two chirped grating structures are separated and are configured to reflect light.
G01D 5/353 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
G02B 6/293 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
Systems and methods are described to form compositionally graded BHJ structures utilizing solvent-fluxing techniques. In implementations, the systems and methods described herein involve a high boiling point additive, a solution of a polymer donor and an acceptor, a substrate material, a working solvent, and a flux solvent for formation of compositionally graded BHJ structures.
H01L 51/42 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
H01L 51/00 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof
H01L 35/34 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
The present system, method and apparatus are adapted for the quick and easy exchange of spikes on athletic shoes. More specifically, the system, apparatus and methods comprise a spike having an opening, an aglet adapted for coupling to the shoe, for example by way of a shoelace, and a coupling head affixed to the aglet which is adapted to couple with the opening on the spike so as to allow a user to quickly and easily replace, remove or install spikes in the athletic shoe. The disclosure thus allows the user to have the tool attached to their shoe at all times so as to avoid carrying additional equipment while wearing the shoe.
Techniques are described that may be implemented in an adaptive control device to regulate multiple zone environmental units based upon multiple temperature values and multiple airflow values, where each temperature value and each airflow value is related to the temperature and the airflow in a specific zone. In an implementation, the input interface of the adaptive control device is configured to receive multiple temperature values and multiple air flow values from multiple zone sensors. The adaptive control device may calculate multiple operational values based on the multiple temperature values and the multiple air flow values. An operational value indicates a power state (e.g. power on/power off) for a zone environmental unit's fan, compressor, heater, exhaust fan, and damper. The adaptive control device's output interface is operable to transmit multiple sequencing commands to the plurality of zone environmental units.
A method and apparatus for generating high-energy beams of electrons or x-rays through laser wakefield acceleration to remotely examine containers is disclosed. By scanning the beam of electrons or x-rays across a container, an inspector can remotely determine whether the containers contain items of interest, such as special nuclear materials, without having to manually inspect the contents of the container. The invention can be compact enough to be portable, which provides for the flexibility to examine a variety of different containers under a variety of different conditions.
G01N 23/04 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
The present invention comprises nano obelisks and nanostructures and methods and processes for same. The nano obelisks of the present invention are advantageous structures for use as electron source emitters. For example, the ultra sharp obelisks can be used as an emitter source to generate highly coherent and high energy electrons with high current.
patents
