09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Satellites; Satellites with pre-installed software for operation, guidance, navigation and control; Satellite buses and subsystems in the nature of structural parts comprising the body of satellites and which contain payload and operating systems of the satellite, comprised primarily of satellite support structure, solar panels, solar cells for power generation, batteries for energy storage, power converters for distributing power, orbital adjust and control thrusters, attitude control sensors and actuators, thermal control systems, radiation shielding, antennas, on-board computers, electronic control systems, communications hardware and recorded software for transmission of communications between satellites and ground control, and guidance, navigation, and control systems
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Satellites; Satellites with pre-installed software for operation, guidance, navigation and control; Satellite buses and subsystems in the nature of structural parts comprising the body of satellites and which contain payload and operating systems of the satellite, comprised primarily of satellite support structure, solar panels, solar cells for power generation, batteries for energy storage, power converters for distributing power, orbital adjust and control thrusters, attitude control sensors and actuators, thermal control systems, radiation shielding, antennas, on-board computers, electronic control systems, communications hardware and recorded software for transmission of communications between satellites and ground control, and guidance, navigation, and control systems
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Satellites; Satellites with pre-installed software for operation, guidance, navigation and control; Satellite buses and subsystems in the nature of structural parts comprising the body of satellites and which contain payload and operating systems of the satellite, comprised primarily of satellite support structure, solar panels, solar cells for power generation, batteries for energy storage, power converters for distributing power, orbital adjust and control thrusters, attitude control sensors and actuators, thermal control systems, radiation shielding, antennas, on-board computers, electronic control systems, communications hardware and recorded software for transmission of communications between satellites and ground control, and guidance, navigation, and control systems
A distributed computer system for a spacecraft is disclosed. The system has multiple computer nodes, each controlling a different aspect of a mission of the spacecraft. Each node includes a control circuit(s) that controls a set of components, a router processor, and a programmable processor. The programmable processor of each respective computer node issue commands to the control circuit(s) of the respective computer node to carry out an aspect of the mission associated with the respective computer node. Upon failure of the programmable processor in a particular computer node, a healthy programmable processor send commands to the router processor in the particular computer node The router processor of the particular computer node routes the commands received from the remote programmable processor to the control circuit(s) in the particular computer node to control the set of components to carry out the aspect of the mission associated with particular computer node.
B64G 1/22 - Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
B64G 1/42 - Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
G06F 11/20 - Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
5.
Convolutional neural network (CNN) for automatic target recognition in a satellite
Methods and structures are presented for implementing an automatic target recognition system as a convolutional neural network (CNN) in a satellite or other environment with constrained resources, such as limited memory capacity and limited processing capability. For example, this allows for the automatic target recognition to be implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Image data is split into subsets of contiguous pixels, with the subsets processed in parallel in a CNN of a corresponding processing node using quantized weight values that are determined in a training process that accounts for the constraints of the automatic target recognition system. The results of the automatic target recognition process is based on the combined output of the processing nodes.
A passively damped mechanical system is disclosed, for example for use in aerospace applications where vibration can adversely affect navigational and operational instruments. In one example, the passively damped mechanical system includes an end fitting of a strut used to connect a structural element to a payload. The end fitting may include outer and inner cylindrical hubs, with a space between the outer and inner cylindrical hub at least partially filled with a viscoelastic material. In a further example, the passively damped mechanical system includes legs used to connect a structural element to a bracket configured to support a payload. Each leg may include a hollow interior having a lattice structure to add strength and a viscoelastic material to provide passive damping.
Technology is disclosed herein for a payload dispensing hinge assembly. The payload dispensing hinge assembly has a first hinge-half and a second hinge-half that are joined by a hinge pin. The first hinge-half may be connected to a payload that is to be dispensed at a target angle. The second hinge-half may be connected to a payload base. The first hinge-half may have a first mounting bracket and a rotatable arm that are shaped to form interlocks that serve to dis-engageably link these two components. A biasing mechanism rotates the rotatable arm and hence the first mounting bracket and payload about a hinge line. The second hinge-half has a hinge stop that stops the rotation of the rotatable arm at a target angle, whereby the first bracket dis-engages from the rotatable arm to dispense the payload at the target angle.
Technology is disclosed herein for dispensing stacked spacecraft. A stack of spacecraft may be joined together in an accordion configuration by dis-engageable links. A dis-engageable link may join two adjacent spacecraft at one edge of the spacecraft. Some of the links are on one side of the stack with other links on an opposite side of the stack to provide the accordion configuration. After the tie-down mechanism releases the stack of spacecraft from a launch adaptor the stack unfolds. Initially, the dis-engageable links continue to hold the spacecraft together in the accordion configuration with the angle between each pair of adjacent spacecraft increasing. After a pair of adjacent spacecraft have unfolded a sufficient amount to prevent collision, the dis-engageable links release one of the spacecraft to thereby dispense the spacecraft.
An example of an apparatus includes a spacecraft body and a solar array that is attached to the spacecraft body. In addition, a solar array spring element is configured to provide a force between the solar array and one or more components of a neighboring spacecraft in a stack of spacecraft.
To facilitate on-orbit servicing, such as for a refueling operation, techniques are presented for a servicing satellite to cut through the multi-layer insulation blanket of a client satellite to provide access to the client satellite without releasing unacceptable quantities of foreign object debris from the multi-layer insulation. The serving satellite includes a sealing tool, such as a pair of heater rollers, that apply pressure and heat to the insulating blanket to melt the inner layers and seal the outer layers together. The servicing satellite can then use a cutting tool to cut the sealed region and access the client satellite.
Methods and structures are presented for implementing an automatic target recognition system as a convolutional neural network (CNN) in a satellite or other environment with constrained resources, such as limited memory capacity and limited processing capability. For example, this allows for the automatic target recognition to be implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Image data is split into subsets of contiguous pixels, with the subsets processed in parallel in a CNN of a corresponding processing node using quantized weight values that are determined in a training process that accounts for the constraints of the automatic target recognition system. The results of the automatic target recognition process is based on the combined output of the processing nodes.
G06V 10/75 - Organisation of the matching processes, e.g. simultaneous or sequential comparisons of image or video featuresCoarse-fine approaches, e.g. multi-scale approachesImage or video pattern matchingProximity measures in feature spaces using context analysisSelection of dictionaries
G06V 30/18 - Extraction of features or characteristics of the image
A connector loading device may comprise a receptacle, a plurality of light sources, and a controller. The receptacle may comprise a first plurality of holes. The first plurality of holes are configured to respectively line up with a second plurality of holes in a connector when the connector is inserted in the receptacle. Each one of the first plurality of holes comprises a respective and corresponding one of a plurality of unique indexes. The plurality of light sources respectively correspond to the first plurality of holes. Each one of the plurality of light sources, when initiated, is configured to illuminate light from a bottom of its respective one of the first plurality of holes through a top of its respective one of the first plurality of holes. The controller is configured to receive an input and initiate a one of the plurality of light sources corresponding to the index.
A radiator structure for a satellite is provided. A first radiator panel adapted to be positioned on a first side of a central body, and a second radiator panel adapted to be positioned on a second side of the central body. Other implementations include a third radiator panel positioned on a third side of the central body. The apparatus also includes at least one heat pipe embedded between a first face and a second face of each radiator panel and extending from the first radiator panel through the first radiator panel and through the second radiator panel. The heat pipe structurally supports the first radiator panel and the second radiator panel relative to the intermediate radiator panel. A method of manufacturing a radiator structure is also provided.
B64G 1/50 - Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions for temperature control
F28D 15/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
An electric propulsion simulator console (EPSC) which electronically simulates an electric propulsion assembly of a spacecraft as well as propulsion fuel control components and positioning components of the spacecraft. The EPSC simulates a spacecraft thruster electrical interface can test four thruster interfaces simultaneously and continuously. The simulator additionally facilitates the testing of spacecraft fault detection, isolation, and recovery by simulating failed magnet circuits, open anode paths, and flameout conditions. The EPSC includes an electrical propulsion unit load simulator adapted to receive propulsion unit control signals from a spacecraft under test and a spacecraft propulsion unit positioner simulator the simulator adapted to display a simulated state of three axes of movement for at least one propulsion unit positioner responsive to positioning signals received from the spacecraft under test. A propulsion unit fuel valve simulator is also provided and can display a simulated state of propulsion unit fuel valves responsive to control signals received from the spacecraft under test.
Technology is disclosed herein for preventing or at least significantly reducing shock to spacecraft such as satellites when releasing a hold-down rod assembly that clamps the spacecraft to, for example, a launch vehicle adaptor. The hold-down rod assembly has tension rods that may be pre-loaded at considerable tension in order to hold down a stack of spacecraft in a launch configuration. In an embodiment, pneumatic actuators are used to slowly release the tension in the tension rods. Therefore, shock to the spacecraft is prevented or at least significantly reduced.
B64G 1/64 - Systems for coupling or separating cosmonautic vehicles or parts thereof, e.g. docking arrangements
F15B 15/14 - Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to anotherGearing associated therewith characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
Technology is disclosed herein for deploying stacked spacecraft. When the spacecraft are stacked corresponding z-axis magnetic torque rods of the spacecraft will align with each other along a z-axis. Thus, collectively the stack of spacecraft have one or more sets of magnetic torque rods aligned with the z-axis. Just prior to deploying the spacecraft the one or more sets of magnetic torque rods are operated to hold the stack of spacecraft together. For example, the north magnetic pole of the magnetic torque rod in one spacecraft may face the south magnetic pole of the magnetic torque rod in an adjacent spacecraft. To deploy the top spacecraft, the polarity of the z-axis magnetic torque rod(s) in the top spacecraft is/are reversed. After the spacecraft is clear of the stack the magnetic torque rod(s) in the deployed spacecraft may be de-activated. Then another spacecraft may be deployed in a similar manner.
An orbital satellite has a bus formed of a bus module and a payload module. Both the bus module and the payload modules may include a pair of panels integrally formed at an angle of for example 90° with respect to each other. Components and electronics supporting the satellite systems may be mounted on the panels of the bus and payload modules. Heat generated by the components and electronics are conducted between panels of the bus module and/or payload module. Sufficient heat transfer between panels occurs as a result of their being integrally formed with each other.
A solar array structure for a spacecraft is based on a modular approach, allowing for arrays to be designed, and designed to be modified, and manufactured in reduced time and with reduced cost. The embodiments for the solar array are formed of multiple copies of a “bay” of a multiple strings of solar array cells mounted on semi-rigid face-sheet structural elements. The bays are then placed into frame structures made of tubes connected by nodes to provide an easily scalable, configurable, and producible solar array wing structure. This allows for rapid turnaround of program specific designs and proposal iterations that is quickly adaptable to new/future PhotoVoltaic (PV) technologies and that can create uniquely shaped (i.e., not rectangular) arrays, allowing for mass production with simple mass producible building blocks.
An apparatus includes an integral, additively manufactured, actuation device having a rigid portion comprising a shaped structural member and a flexible portion comprising a helical torsion spring. In a spacecraft application, a spacecraft appendage may be coupled with a deployment mechanism, the deployment mechanism including at least one integral, additively manufactured, actuation device having a rigid portion comprising a shaped structural member and a flexible portion comprising a helical torsion spring.
An attitude control system for a satellite is presented that can determine on time values for attitude control thrusters without use of attitude rate sensors, such as those based on gyros. The attitude control systems uses the attitude values from a star tracker to determine both attitude adjustment values and attitude adjustment rate values directly from the star tracker values, where the processing is performed using quaternions. From the attitude adjustment values and attitude adjustment rate values, a set of thruster on time values are determined.
Technology is disclosed herein for using an antenna reflector to regulate a spacecraft temperature during orbit raising. When in a launch configuration, the antenna reflector may be stowed in a fairing of a launch vehicle. After the spacecraft is deployed from the launch vehicle and prior to orbit raising, the antenna reflector is moved from the launch configuration to an orbit raising configuration in which the antenna reflector is used to regulate the spacecraft temperature. The antenna reflector may be proximate a thermal radiator panel of the spacecraft when in the launch configuration. The antenna reflector may be positioned such that sunlight will reflect off the antenna reflector onto the thermal radiator panel, thereby warming the spacecraft. After orbit raising, the antenna reflector is moved from the orbit raising configuration to an operational configuration in which a boresight of the antenna reflector may be directed toward nadir.
A voltage measurement apparatus for a spacecraft thruster includes a thruster interface having a platform and at least one spacer element configured to attach the platform to the thruster. At least one probe is mounted to the thruster interface with the probe configured to engage an anode assembly of the thruster when the thruster interface is attached to the thruster. The apparatus also includes voltage metering circuitry coupled to the at least one probe, the voltage metering circuitry configured to be powered by the spacecraft thruster when the spacecraft thruster is powered on.
Technology is disclosed herein for a power control and distribution unit (PCDU) of a spacecraft that has a microcontroller to control battery charging from solar arrays. Using a microcontroller within the PCDU reduces the complexity of the PCDU. The microcontroller may be programmable and reprogrammable, which allows the charging of the battery to be adapted to various conditions. For example, the microcontroller can be programmed in accordance with the mission to optimize battery charging for that mission.
Technology for orbit raising of multiple spacecraft launched with a single launch vehicle. Two or more spacecraft are configured in a stacked launch configuration in which a lower spacecraft is mechanically coupled with a payload adapter of a launch vehicle with one or more upper spacecraft above the lower spacecraft. Propellant that is stored in the lower spacecraft during launch is transferred to an upper spacecraft in the stack after launch. The propellent may be used by the upper spacecraft for an orbit raising maneuver that raises the orbit of at least the upper spacecraft from a first orbit to a second orbit. Storing the propellant in the lower spacecraft lowers the center of mass of the stack during launch. Lowering the center of mass reduces the structural bending moment of the stack during launch, which allows a greater total launch mass.
Technology is disclosed herein for reverse current protection for a photovoltaic module string. An apparatus has a switch connected between each respective PV module string and a power bus. A control circuit closes a set of the switches to connect a set of the PV module strings to the power bus to transfer power from the set of the photovoltaic PV module strings to the power bus. The control circuit determines whether a reverse current flows in the direction from the power bus to any of the PV module strings. The control circuit maintains the switch associated with a particular PV module string in an open state to prevent reverse current from flowing in the particular PV module string responsive to a determination that a reverse current flows in the particular PV module string when the particular PV module string is connected to the power bus.
An example apparatus includes a first 3D printer head configured to form a spiral structure around a hub and a second 3D printer head configured to form a boom extending between the second 3D printer head and the hub. The apparatus further includes one or more actuators coupled to the first 3D printer head and the second 3D printer head to control a distance between the first 3D printer head and the second 3D printer head.
An example of an apparatus includes an inlet to connect to a propellant source a pressure regulator connected to the inlet to reduce propellant pressure from a first pressure at the inlet to a second pressure. The apparatus includes a manifold connected to the pressure regulator to receive propellant from the pressure regulator at the second pressure and includes a plurality of manifold outlets. The apparatus further includes a plurality of gas lines, each gas line extending from a corresponding manifold outlet for connection to a corresponding satellite propellant tank.
A spacecraft includes a semi-rigid solar array and a main body structure, the main body structure configured as a convex polyhedron and including an aft and a forward face disposed opposite to the aft face and at least four side faces disposed between and approximately orthogonal to the aft face and the forward face. The solar array includes a number of panels linked together with flexible couplings. In an undeployed configuration, panels of the solar array cover at least two adjacent side faces, the flexible couplings providing an articulable joint approximately aligned with a line along which the two adjacent side faces are joined and connecting a first panel of the solar array and a second panel of the solar array, the first panel being proximal to a first side face and the second panel being proximal to a second side face.
A rover includes a suspension configured to traverse uneven and unpredictable terrain, such as for example on an astronomical body. Each wheel is independently suspended off of the rover chassis with a linkage assembly comprising a pair of canted links which are able to continuously rotate relative to each other without collision or interference. The links allow the rover to independently adjust the height of each wheel relative to the chassis to drive over difficult terrain, and further allow the linkage assembly at each wheel to rotate 360° to effectively step or walk over particularly difficult terrain.
To facilitate on-orbit servicing, such as for a refueling operation, techniques are presented for a servicing satellite to cut through the multi-layer insulation blanket of a client satellite to provide access to the client satellite without releasing unacceptable quantities of foreign object debris from the multi-layer insulation. The serving satellite includes a sealing tool, such as a pair of heater rollers, that apply pressure and heat to the insulating blanket to melt the inner layers and seal the outer layers together. The servicing satellite can then use a cutting tool to cut the sealed region and access the client satellite.
To facilitate on-orbit servicing, such as for a refueling operation, techniques are presented for a servicing satellite to cut through the multi-layer insulation blanket of a client satellite to provide access to the client satellite without releasing unacceptable quantities of foreign object debris from the multi-layer insulation. The serving satellite includes a sealing tool, such as a pair of heater rollers, that apply pressure and heat to the insulating blanket to melt the inner layers and seal the outer layers together. The servicing satellite can then use a cutting tool to cut the sealed region and access the client satellite.
An orbital satellite has a pair of multi-axis booms including both thrusters for course/attitude adjustment and an end effector for grappling payloads and manipulating other tools and objects. The satellite may launch with a primary payload affixed to a bus and one or more secondary payloads affixed to an ESPA ring. Once in orbit, the end effector may be used to grapple the primary and/or secondary payloads and rearrange them on the bus. In further aspects, the end effector may be used to make bus repairs or take measurements, or hold tools that are used to make bus repairs or take measurements.
A satellite includes a first radiator panel, a second radiator panel, a space defined between the first radiator panel and the second radiator panel, and one or more first heat-generating components located in the space. Each of the first heat-generating components is attached to at least one of the first or second radiator panels. The satellite further includes a third radiator panel extending from the space and one or more second heat-generating components located in the space, each of the second heat-generating components is attached to the third radiator panel.
An example apparatus includes a planar five bar linkage having a ground link and an endpoint. A feed horn is attached at or near the endpoint of the planar five bar linkage. A first motor is attached to a first side of the ground link to move the endpoint and a second motor attached to the second side of the ground link to move the endpoint.
H01Q 15/16 - Reflecting surfacesEquivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
H01Q 3/24 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
H01Q 1/28 - Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
H01Q 3/18 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is movable and the reflecting device is fixed
35.
Dispenserless multi-satellite launch configuration with simple adapter interface
Technology is disclosed for a dispenserless multi-satellite launch configuration in which multiple satellites are interconnected to form a composite beam structure that provides stability independently of the launch vehicle. When in the launch configuration, the satellites are formed into a bundle, where each satellite connects by one or more simple connector along the edges of its inner facing vertical side to the satellite adjacent on each side. This composite beam structure provides a stable launch configuration independently of the launch vehicle. Each of the satellites also has one or more connectors along the bottom edge of the inner facing vertical side allowing the bundle to be attached to a ring type launch vehicle interface. Once launched, the satellites can be dispensed by releasing the connector.
A satellite propellant tank includes a tank body and a dome attached to the tank body to enclose an interior volume for propellant storage. One or more cavities are formed in the dome. One or more propellant control components are located in the one or more cavities formed in the dome.
A satellite includes a first radiator panel with first heat-generating components attached to its surface and a second radiator panel with second heat-generating components attached to its surface. One or more actuators are configured to deploy the first and second radiator panels from a compact configuration in which the first and second radiator panels are overlapping to a deployed configuration in which the first and second radiator panels are non-overlapping.
Described herein is a power processing unit (PPU) for use with a Hall Effect Thruster (HET) and a Propellant Management Assembly (PMA) of a spacecraft. The PPU comprises an anode and ignitor supply subsystem that provides anode and ignitor signals to an anode and an ignitor circuit of the HET. The PPU also comprises a valve control subsystem that provides valve control signal(s) to valve(s) of the PMA. The anode and ignitor supply subsystem and the valve control subsystem are each coupled to a low voltage (LV) bus of an electrical power subsystem of the spacecraft. The anode and ignitor supply subsystem includes a step-up DC-DC converter having a transformer that steps-up a voltage of the LV bus to a higher voltage used to produce the anode and ignitor signals. The valve control subsystem is devoid of a transformer. An Electric Propulsion System (EPS) includes the PPU, HET and PMA.
A distributed computer system for a spacecraft is disclosed. The system has multiple computer nodes, each controlling a different aspect of a mission of the spacecraft. Each node includes a control circuit(s) that controls a set of components, a router processor, and a programmable processor. The programmable processor of each respective computer node issue commands to the control circuit(s) of the respective computer node to carry out an aspect of the mission associated with the respective computer node. Upon failure of the programmable processor in a particular computer node, a healthy programmable processor send commands to the router processor in the particular computer node The router processor of the particular computer node routes the commands received from the remote programmable processor to the control circuit(s) in the particular computer node to control the set of components to carry out the aspect of the mission associated with particular computer node.
B64G 1/22 - Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
B64G 1/42 - Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
G06F 11/20 - Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
A solar array structure for a spacecraft is based on a modular approach, allowing for arrays to be designed, and designed to be modified, and manufactured in reduced time and with reduced cost. The embodiments for the solar array are formed of multiple copies of a “bay” of a multiple strings of solar array cells mounted on semi-rigid face-sheet structural elements. The bays are then placed into frame structures made of tubes connected by nodes to provide an easily scalable, configurable, and producible solar array wing structure. This allows for rapid turnaround of program specific designs and proposal iterations that is quickly adaptable to new/future PhotoVoltaic (PV) technologies and that can create uniquely shaped (i.e., not rectangular) arrays, allowing for mass production with simple mass producible building blocks.
A satellite observation system and method of deploying a satellite system are disclosed. The system includes a plurality of observation satellites comprising one or more sensors, each of the plurality of observation satellites configured with at least a solar array and a mechanical stabilization element. Each of the plurality of observation satellites is constructed without positioning components. The plurality of observation satellites is positioned in a dawn/dusk sun-synchronous orbital plane about a celestial body such that the one or more observation sensors are oriented toward the celestial body. The system further includes one or more servicing vehicles configured to engage each of the plurality observational satellites to configure at least the solar array and mechanical stabilization element
A solar array structure, such as for a spacecraft, uses thin solar array panels that, when in a stowed configuration, are stiffened by being bent or curved in one direction to be shaped like a section of a cylinder and placed within a rigid structural frame. As a curved solar panel is not as efficient as a flat panel directly facing the sun, the solar array panels are curved in their stowed configuration for launch only, but flatten after deployment by use of a partially flexible structural frame, where a rectangular frame is made of two opposing rigid sides and two opposing flexible sides, with a thin flexible solar panel attached to rigid sides only. The rigid sides are compressed during stowage to curve the panel before hold-down tensioning. The structure and panels return to their flat free state configuration after release.
Technology is disclosed herein for a spacecraft launch restraint and dispensing structure. The dispensing structure has a number of trusses and a central structure. When the trusses are in a support position, each spacecraft may be supported at one point by the central structure and at two points by one or more of the trusses. Therefore, each spacecraft may be supported at three points, thereby providing a stable support for each spacecraft. The spacecrafts do not touch each other and do not bear the weight of other spacecrafts. In a deployment position, the trusses extend away from the satellites and do not support the satellites; however, the satellites initially remain connected to the central structure. In the deployment position, the trusses are out of an ejection path such that the satellites can be ejected in a desired sequence from the central structure.
A solar array structure for a spacecraft includes one or a pair of flexible blanket or other foldable solar arrays and a deployable frame structure. The deployable frame structure includes a T-shaped yoke structure, a T-shaped end structure, and one or more rigid beams, the T-shaped yoke structure connectable to the spacecraft. When deployed, the frame structure tensions the flexible blanket solar array or arrays between the T-shaped yoke structure and the T-shaped end structure. When stowed, the flexible blanket solar array or arrays are folded in an accordion manner to form a stowed pack or packs between the cross-member arms of the T-shaped yoke structure and the T-shaped end structure, also stowed in its own Z-fold arrangement. The cross-member arms of the T-shaped end structure can include a solar array that can provide power before deployment while the flexible blanket solar array is stowed.
A solar array structure for a spacecraft includes one or a pair of flexible blanket or other foldable solar arrays (such as flexible panels) and a deployable frame structure. The deployable frame structure includes a T-shaped yoke structure, a T-shaped end structure, and one or more rigid beams, the T-shaped yoke structure connectable to the spacecraft. When deployed, the frame structure tensions the flexible blanket solar array or arrays between the T-shaped yoke structure and the T-shaped end structure. When stowed, the flexible blanket solar array or arrays are folded in an accordion manner to form a stowed pack or packs between the cross-member arms of the T-shaped yoke structure and the T-shaped end structure, also stowed in its own Z-fold arrangement. The cross-member arms of the T-shaped end structure can include a solar array that can provide power before deployment while the flexible blanket solar array is stowed.
A solar array structure for a spacecraft includes one or a pair of flexible blanket or other foldable solar arrays and a deployable frame structure. The deployable frame structure includes a T-shaped yoke structure, a T-shaped end structure, and one or more rigid beams, the T-shaped yoke structure connectable to the spacecraft. When deployed, the frame structure tensions the flexible blanket solar array or arrays between the T-shaped yoke structure and the T-shaped end structure. When stowed, the flexible blanket solar array or arrays are folded in an accordion manner to form a stowed pack or packs between the cross-member arms of the T-shaped yoke structure and the T-shaped end structure, also stowed in its own Z-fold arrangement. The cross-member arms of the T-shaped end structure can include a solar array that can provide power before deployment while the flexible blanket solar array is stowed.
Technology is disclosed for a spacecraft launch restraint and dispensing structure. Stacks of spacecrafts may be arranged around a central post. The dispensing structure has primary tie-down mechanisms that axially clamp the stacks of spacecrafts when in a stowed position. Each primary tie-down mechanism may have a rod located between two adjacent stacks, such that the rod tensions two stacks. In a deployment position, the primary tie-down rods extend away from the stack such that an ejection path is cleared. The dispensing structure also includes secondary tie-down mechanisms that radially connect the spacecrafts to the central post. After the primary tie-down rods are moved to the deployment position, the secondary tie-down mechanisms still hold the spacecrafts. The spacecrafts may be deployed by issuing control signals to the secondary tie-down mechanisms when the primary tie-down rods are in the deployment position.
A spacecraft includes an additive manufacturing (A/M) subsystem and one or both of a thermal control arrangement and a contamination control arrangement. The A/M subsystem includes an A/M tool, feedstock and a workpiece and is configured to additively manufacture the workpiece using material from the feedstock. The thermal control arrangement is operable, in an on-orbit space environment characterized by near vacuum pressure and near zero-g force, to maintain temperature of at least one of the A/M tool, the feedstock, and the workpiece within respective specified ranges. The contamination control arrangement is operable, in the on-orbit space environment, to control outgassing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
A laminated structure includes a front facesheet, a rear facesheet and a core arrangement disposed there between. The core arrangement includes a plurality of ribs, the ribs disposed so as to form walls defining a reticulated lattice of cells. The ribs have a thickness in a first direction and a height in a second direction approximately orthogonal to the facesheets and to the first direction that extends between the first adhesive joint and the second adhesive joint, the height being at least 100× larger than the thickness. The core arrangement is bonded to the front facesheet by curing a first adhesive joint and bonded to the rear facesheet by curing a second adhesive joint, the first adhesive joint and the second adhesive joint being concurrently cured (co-cured) under pressure.
B32B 3/12 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. apertured or formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly-arranged cells whether integral or formed individually or by conjunction of separate strips, e.g. honeycomb structure
B32B 37/06 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
B32B 37/10 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using direct action of vacuum or fluid pressure
B32B 37/12 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
A passively damped mechanical system is disclosed, for example for use in aerospace applications where vibration can adversely affect navigational and operational instruments. In one example, the passively damped mechanical system includes an end fitting of a strut used to connect a structural element to a payload. The end fitting may include outer and inner cylindrical hubs, with a space between the outer and inner cylindrical hub at least partially filled with a viscoelastic material. In a further example, the passively damped mechanical system includes legs used to connect a structural element to a bracket configured to support a payload. Each leg may include a hollow interior having a lattice structure to add strength and a viscoelastic material to provide passive damping.
A multilayer particle shield for a spacecraft includes an inboard exterior layer configured to be disposed proximal to the spacecraft, an outboard exterior layer configured to be disposed distal from the spacecraft and at least one interior layer disposed between the inboard exterior layer and the outboard exterior layer, wherein the interior layer includes a semi-rigid, porous, compressible spacer.
B32B 27/06 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance
B64G 1/56 - Protection against meteoroids or space debris
B32B 5/18 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer containing foamed or specifically porous material
B32B 38/00 - Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
B32B 37/18 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
B32B 3/08 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
B32B 15/20 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising aluminium or copper
B32B 15/09 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
A composite fiber braid arrangement includes at least one fiber optic sensor embedded in a polymer resin. The polymer resin encloses a tow formed from an untwisted bundle of graphite fibers, and the untwisted bundle, together with the polymer resin, is enclosed by an outer jacket comprised of relatively dry, non-resin-impregnated, graphite fibers. Techniques for controlling alignment of an assembly of structural members, each structural member including such a fiber braid arrangement are also disclosed.
G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
G01D 5/26 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
A universal test port is connected to the different functional sub-systems of a spacecraft, allowing the sub-systems to be tested from a single location of an assembled spacecraft. The universal test port is mounted on an external surface of the spacecraft and configured to connect to the different functional sub-systems (such as power, propulsion, and command and data handling, for example) of the assembled spacecraft, allowing for the streamlining of testing operations by electrical ground system equipment during assembly, integration, and test (AIT) operations and reducing the risk of collateral damage to spacecraft hardware during testing in AIT.
A satellite includes a plurality of thrusters disposed about the satellite, each of the plurality of thrusters having a minimum thruster firing time, and a control circuit connected to the plurality of thrusters. The control circuit is configured to identify violations of the minimum thruster firing time in a non-compliant thruster firing pattern selected to achieve a specified movement, generate a plurality of compliant thruster firing patterns by replacing each of the violations of the non-compliant thruster firing pattern by zero and a minimum time in different combinations, select a compliant thruster firing pattern from the plurality of compliant thruster firing patterns to produce a satellite movement that is within a predetermined range of the specified movement, and cause the plurality of thrusters to fire according to the compliant thruster firing pattern.
A spacecraft includes a structural interface adapter for mating to a launch vehicle, at least one radiator panel, at least one equipment panel, a first 3-D truss structure proximal to and mechanically coupled with the structural interface adapter, and a second 3-D truss structure distal from the structural interface adapter and coupled mechanically with the structural interface adapter by way of the first 3-D truss structure. The at least one equipment panel and the at least one exterior radiator panel is coupled mechanically by one or both of the first 3-D truss structure and the second 3-D truss structure with the structural interface adapter. Each 3-D truss structure includes at least four coupling nodes and at least six strut elements, attached together by a respective plurality of joints, each strut element disposed between and attached with a respective pair of the plurality of coupling nodes.
A universal external port is proposed to add new functionality to or replace existing functionality of an already deployed spacecraft (e.g., a satellite in orbit). The universal external port is mounted on an external surface of the spacecraft and configured to connect to different types of external modules that have different functions, without removing components from the spacecraft other than one or more components of the universal external port. A communication interface onboard the spacecraft is configured to wirelessly receive a software patch from an entity remote from the spacecraft (e.g., from a ground terminal or other spacecraft) to program the spacecraft to change operation of the spacecraft to utilize the external module when the external module is connected to the universal external port.
A solid state power amplifier uses a Doherty power amplifier that can be implemented as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit. By adjusting the DC bias of the amplifying stages in each branch of the Doherty amplifier, the output power, linearity, and DC power can be adjusted to provide a specified output, where the specification for the output can include the maintaining of desired DC power and linearity. The Doherty power amplifier can be used in a satellite payload or other application utilizing solid state power amplifiers, while providing the proper amount of RF output power and DC power. A single amplifier can have its bias levels adjusted for different output levels, helping to minimize the number of designs that are required for a given satellite payload, reducing the variety of parts in a satellite payload.
A method of roll steering of a spacecraft to align an aspect of the spacecraft, such as the surface of solar arrays carried by the spacecraft, to the sun, is described. The roll steering occurs only when the sun is at an angle (β) relative to the orbital plane of the spacecraft and when the spacecraft is not eclipsed by a body it is orbiting. This dayside-only roll steering of the spacecraft increases the power efficiency of the spacecraft. A spacecraft may include a controller which causes an attitude control subsystem to steer the spacecraft about a roll axis to position the surface of the solar array such that an axis normal to the surface of the solar array is aligned with the direction to a sun when the sun is visible to the spacecraft, and maintain a fixed orientation of the spacecraft about the roll axis when the sun is not visible to the spacecraft.
A spacecraft includes a propulsion subsystem including at least two electric thrusters, an electrical interface assembly that couples electrical conductors from the thrusters to a spacecraft harness, a pneumatic interface assembly that controls flow rate of propellant to the thrusters and a thruster support module (TSM) including a pointing arrangement and a mounting arrangement. A proximal portion of the mounting arrangement is coupled with a distal portion of the pointing arrangement; the at least two electric thrusters are disposed on a distal portion of the mounting arrangement; the electrical interface assembly and the pneumatic interface assembly are disposed on the proximal portion of the mounting arrangement. The mounting arrangement is configured to limit heat transfer between the thrusters and (b) one or more of the proximal portion of the mounting arrangement, the electrical interface assembly and the pneumatic interface assembly.
A spacecraft includes a propulsion system including an inert gas stored in a set of pressurant tanks, one or more electric thrusters operable with the inert gas, one or more cold gas thrusters operable with the inert gas; and a pneumatic arrangement including commandable valves.
A scalable, extensible, multi-tenancy multi-mission configurable spacecraft system is provided that allows applications to be deployed and managed across many spacecraft. One embodiment includes a plurality of satellites in orbit, where each satellite includes an antenna, a memory configured to store a non-virtualized operating system and one or more software applications, and a processor connected to the antenna and the memory. The processor is configured to run the non-virtualized operating system and to run the one or more software applications. The processors and the applications can be managed by ground terminals or other satellites.
A system for aggregating spaced related systems includes accessing service provider information for multiple service providers to determine relevant services/systems available, automatically determining that no single service provider provides services sufficient to perform a particular space activity, automatically identifying multiple services from different service providers that in aggregate include performing the space activity, and automatically determining a parameter to configure space equipment to perform each of the multiple services from the different service providers in order to perform the space activity. In some embodiments, this system can be scaled across multiple regions (e.g., multiple planetary regions). For example, each region can have its own set of servers and ledgers that provide real-time services within the region and opportunistically synchronize between regions (e.g., when communication is available).
A wireless communication platform utilizes flexible bandwidth assignment to re-allocate bandwidth between spot beams. The platform may assign a first combination of frequency and polarization (FP) to a first spot beam and a second combination of frequency and polarization to a second spot beam that is adjacent and at least partially overlapping the first spot beam. The platform may assign to the first spot beam a reserved combination of frequency and polarization during a first time period, and at second time, assign the reserved combination to the second spot beam. The platform may also assign the reserved combination simultaneously to adjacent spot beams by managing user of the reserved combination by geographically isolated terminals in the spot beams. The platform may further assign different portions of the reserved combination to adjacent spot beams without geographical limitations.
Techniques for minimizing diurnal temperature variation of a radiator of a spacecraft are disclosed. In one aspect, a spacecraft includes a body, a radiator panel, and a heat dissipating unit thermally coupled with the radiator panel. The spacecraft is configured to operate in an orbital plane, and has a yaw axis within the orbital plane and directed from a spacecraft coordinate system origin toward nadir, a pitch axis orthogonal to the orbital plane, and a roll axis orthogonal to the pitch axis and the yaw axis. The radiator panel includes a surface area external to a body of the spacecraft, a first portion of the surface area facing a first direction that is substantially parallel to the roll axis, and a second portion of the surface area facing a second direction that has a substantial component parallel to the yaw axis.
A spacecraft includes a propulsion system that includes one or more pressurant tanks configured to store an inert gas at a high pressure, one or more propellant tanks configured to store liquid propellant at an intermediate pressure, electric thrusters operable with the inert gas at a low pressure and pneumatically coupled with the one or more pressurant tanks by way of a first pressure regulator, and chemical thrusters operable with the liquid propellant. The inert gas is one or a mixture of two or more of xenon, argon and krypton. At least a portion of the liquid propellant is stored in at least one of the propellant tanks, the propellant tank including an ullage volume pneumatically coupled with at least one of the pressurant tanks by way of a second pressure regulator having an output set to the intermediate pressure and the ullage volume is pressurized by the inert gas.
A spacecraft includes an additive manufacturing (A/M) subsystem and one or both of a thermal control arrangement and a contamination control arrangement. The A/M subsystem includes an A/M tool, feedstock and a workpiece and is configured to additively manufacture the workpiece using material from the feedstock. The thermal control arrangement is operable, in an on-orbit space environment characterized by near vacuum pressure and near zero-g force, to maintain temperature of at least one of the A/M tool, the feedstock, and the workpiece within respective specified ranges. The contamination control arrangement is operable, in the on-orbit space environment, to control outgassing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Techniques for deploying a plurality of smallsats from a common launch vehicle are disclosed where a structural arrangement provides a load path between an upper stage of the launch and the plurality of spacecraft. Each spacecraft is mechanically coupled with the launch vehicle upper stage only by the structural arrangement. The structural arrangement includes at least one trunk member that is approximately aligned with the longitudinal axis of the launch vehicle upper stage, a plurality of branch members, each branch member being attached to the trunk member and having at least a first end portion that is substantially outboard from the longitudinal axis; and a plurality of mechanical linkages, each linkage coupled at a first end with a first respective spacecraft and coupled at a second end with one of the plurality of branch members, the trunk member or a second respective spacecraft.
A first spacecraft includes a first fluid storage arrangement and a fluid flow metering arrangement including a holding tank coupled with the first fluid storage arrangement, a flow meter disposed proximate to the holding tank, and an active thermal control arrangement controlling the temperature of the flow meter and the holding tank. The first spacecraft is configured to service a second spacecraft, the second spacecraft including a second fluid storage arrangement, by transferring one or both of a propellant and a pressurant from the first fluid storage arrangement to the holding tank, and from the holding tank, through the flow meter, to the second fluid storage arrangement.
Techniques for performing spacecraft rendezvous and/or docking include operating a first orbiting spacecraft, the first spacecraft including a sensor arrangement, a first processor and a first inter-satellite link (ISL) arrangement and performing one or both of a rendezvous operation and a docking operation with the first spacecraft and a second orbiting spacecraft, the second spacecraft including one or more actuators. The performing one or both of the rendezvous operation and the docking operation includes determining a pose and pose rate of the second spacecraft relative to the first spacecraft using observations made by the sensor arrangement and determining a desired approach trajectory for the second spacecraft.
A spacecraft includes a body, a plurality of separate units, and a first auxiliary radiator panel. The body includes a plurality of sidewalls, at least a first sidewall of the plurality of sidewalls including an outboard-facing radiator surface having optical solar reflectors disposed thereon. A first subset of the plurality of units is thermally coupled with the outboard-facing radiator surface of the first sidewall. A second subset of the plurality of units is thermally coupled with the first auxiliary radiator panel and is isolated from at least conductive thermal heat transfer with the outboard-facing radiator surface of the first sidewall. The first subset of units is spatially proximate to the second subset of units and is configured to operate in a first temperature range. The second subset of units is configured to operate in a second temperature range, the second temperature range being different from the first temperature range.
A spacecraft includes a main body structure and a plurality of deployable modular reflector elements, the spacecraft being reconfigurable from a launch configuration to an on-orbit configuration. In the launch configuration, the modular reflector elements are disposed in a storage system that includes an arrangement for supporting the modular reflector elements with respect to dynamic launch loads. In the on-orbit configuration, in some implementations, an assembly of the plurality of modular reflector elements forms a large-aperture, offset fed, reflector, the reflector being coupled with a boom or yoke with the main body structure by way of a two or three axis positioning mechanism configured to steer the reflector with respect to the main body structure. In some implementations, in the on-orbit configuration, the plurality of modular reflector elements are assembled to form a large aperture reflective surface that is self-supporting.
A scalable signal processing system is disclosed that processes digitized spectrum received from a constellation of satellites (or other sources), extracting multiple digital signals from multiple sources through multiple acquisition sites that is virtualized with high availability. A system of one or more antennas can receive a range of frequencies of raw spectrum covering multiple visible orbit planes, where a single antenna can receive signals from multiple satellite concurrently. This can be particularly useful when establishing a constellation satellites, where a number of satellites can be grouped together within an antenna's field of view. A group of digitizers receive the signals from the antennas and creates raw samples to form a spectrum sample pool. The spectrum sample pool is stored in a raw frame archive, where the digitizers and raw frame archive can be co-located and can also be co-located with one or more of the antennas.
Techniques for articulating a sunshield to shade portions of a spacecraft are disclosed. In one aspect, a spacecraft includes a body and an articulable sunshield. The spacecraft is configured to operate in an orbital plane, such that the spacecraft has a yaw axis within the orbital plane and directed from a spacecraft coordinate system origin toward nadir, a pitch axis orthogonal to the orbital plane and passing through the spacecraft coordinate system origin, and a roll axis orthogonal to the pitch axis and the yaw axis and passing through the spacecraft coordinate system origin. The sunshield is configured to rotate about an axis substantially parallel to the pitch axis such that a selected location of an exterior portion of the body is shaded from the Sun by a surface of the sunshield irrespective of seasonal and diurnal variations in orientation of the spacecraft with respect to the Sun.
In an on-orbit configuration, a spacecraft having a center of mass and a pitch axis passing through the center of mass includes a main body, a first solar array, and a first thruster is operable in a geostationary orbit with the first solar array deployed, proximate to a first north or south surface of the main body, such that a rotational axis of the deployed first solar array is substantially parallel to the pitch axis. The first thruster is disposed proximate to a second north or south surface of the main body, the first thruster having a thrust vector that is approximately coaligned with the pitch axis, the second surface being opposite to the first north or south surface. No solar array is proximate to the second surface.
A solid state power amplifier uses a Doherty power amplifier that can be implemented as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit. By adjusting the DC bias of the amplifying stages in each branch of the Doherty amplifier, the output power, linearity, and DC power can be adjusted to provide a specified output, where the specification for the output can include the maintaining of desired DC power and linearity. The Doherty power amplifier can be used in a satellite payload or other application utilizing solid state power amplifiers, while providing the proper amount of RF output power and DC power. A single amplifier can have its bias levels adjusted for different output levels, helping to minimize the number of designs that are required for a given satellite payload, reducing the variety of parts in a satellite payload.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a flexible radio frequency (RF) converter. In one aspect, a subsystem of a spacecraft can include a flexible RF converter having a printed circuit board (PCB), and a synthesizer and controller disposed on the PCB. The PCB can be placed within a chassis. The controller can communicate with the synthesizer to adjust a frequency of a synthesizer signal generated by the synthesizer, which is used to adjust a frequency of an input RF signal.
Techniques for deploying a plurality of smallsats from a common launch vehicle are disclosed where a structural arrangement provides a load path between an upper stage of the launch and the plurality of spacecraft. Each spacecraft is mechanically coupled with the launch vehicle upper stage only by the structural arrangement. The structural arrangement includes at least one trunk member that is approximately aligned with the longitudinal axis of the launch vehicle upper stage, a plurality of branch members, each branch member being attached to the trunk member and having at least a first end portion that is substantially outboard from the longitudinal axis; and a plurality of mechanical linkages, each linkage coupled at a first end with a first respective spacecraft and coupled at a second end with one of the plurality of branch members, the trunk member or a second respective spacecraft.
An amplifier system includes an input network having a plurality of input ports; an output network having a plurality of output ports; a plurality of amplification units coupled between the input network and the output network, the plurality of amplification units configured to amplify signals from the plurality of input ports; and a calibration unit coupled between the plurality of amplification units and the output network to calibrate amplified signals from the plurality of amplification units.
A solid state power amplifier uses a Doherty power amplifier that can be implemented as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit. By adjusting the DC bias of the amplifying stages in each branch of the Doherty amplifier, the output power, linearity, and DC power can be adjusted to provide a specified output, where the specification for the output can include the maintaining of desired DC power and linearity. The Doherty power amplifier can be used in a satellite payload or other application utilizing solid state power amplifiers, while providing the proper amount of RF output power and DC power. A single amplifier can have its bias levels adjusted for different output levels, helping to minimize the number of designs that are required for a given satellite payload, reducing the variety of parts in a satellite payload.
Techniques for performing an orbital maneuver on a spacecraft by firing a thruster include executing a first double pulse, double coast firing (DPDC) sequence with the thruster prior to the orbital maneuver, firing the thruster for a duration of the orbital maneuver, and executing a second DPDC firing sequence with the thruster subsequent to the orbital maneuver.
A system includes at least two spacecraft disposed together for launch by a launch vehicle. In a launch configuration, a second spacecraft is mechanically coupled with the first spacecraft by way of an inter-spacecraft coupling arrangement (ISCA). The system is configured to be deployed following injection into a first orbit by the launch vehicle, while the second spacecraft is mechanically coupled with the first spacecraft. The first spacecraft includes a thruster configured to execute an orbit transfer maneuver from the first orbit to a second orbit, the thruster delivering thrust along a thrust vector. In an on-orbit configuration, the ISCA is switchable between a first mode that permits rotation of the first spacecraft with respect to the second spacecraft about a first axis of rotation that is approximately parallel with the thrust vector and a second mode that prevents rotation of the first spacecraft with respect to the second spacecraft.
A spacecraft includes at least a first thruster support mechanism (TSM) and a second TSM, each TSM including a pointing arrangement, an elongated structural member and thruster for performing orbit raising north-south stationkeeping, east-west stationkeeping, and momentum management. A first pointing arrangement is articulable only by way of first and second revolute joints, the first revolute joint being rotatable about a first axis fixed with respect to the spacecraft. The second pointing arrangement is articulable only by way of third and fourth revolute joints, the third revolute joint being rotatable about a third axis fixed with respect to the spacecraft. The first axis and the third axis are asymmetrically arranged with respect to a spacecraft coordinate system origin such that the first and third axis are at acute angles to a spacecraft pitch axis and the acute angle of the first axis is less than that of the third axis.
A wireless communication system includes frequency reuse between terminals in common coverage regions using a multiple satellite architecture with spatial diversity. Different terminals may be associated with different ones of the satellites such that a common frequency can be reused by the different terminals. A gateway may communicate with a first satellite using a feeder beam having an overlapping geographic coverage region with a user beam used for communication between a set of user terminals and a second satellite. Spatial diversity is provided between the satellites, and the feeder beam and the user beam operate at common frequencies within the overlapping coverage region. In this manner, the bandwidth of both satellites at the common coverage region is used to increase the available capacity.
H01Q 3/36 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elementsArrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the phase by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
H01Q 3/26 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elementsArrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
H01Q 21/22 - Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
H01Q 3/08 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
H01Q 19/10 - Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
A spacecraft includes at least one deployable propulsion module, the propulsion module including at least one thruster fixedly disposed with respect to the propulsion module, a first arrangement for coupling the propulsion module to a first portion of the spacecraft in a first configuration and a second arrangement for coupling the propulsion module to a second portion of the spacecraft in a second configuration. The spacecraft is reconfigurable, on-orbit, from the first configuration to the second configuration. In the first configuration, the deployable propulsion module is detached from the second arrangement and the at least one thruster is oriented to produce thrust in a first direction. In the second configuration, the deployable propulsion module is detached from the first arrangement and the at least one thruster is oriented to produce thrust in a second direction, the second direction being substantially different from the first direction.
Techniques for two-axis articulation of a deployed spacecraft solar array are disclosed. In one aspect, an arrangement mechanically coupling a solar array with a sidewall of a body of a spacecraft includes a proximal appendage, a distal appendage rotatably coupled with the proximal appendage by way of a hinge, and a closed cable loop (CCL) system coupled with the proximal appendage and the distal appendage. In an on-orbit configuration, a long axis of the proximal appendage defines an α axis that is substantially orthogonal to the sidewall. The hinge includes CCL disengagement mechanism configured to de-couple the CCL system from the proximal appendage and the distal appendage and a rotation driving mechanism configured to cause the distal appendage to rotate about a β axis when the proximal appendage is in the on-orbit configuration, the β axis being not aligned with the α axis.
A system described herein includes a ground based gateway subsystem configured to transmit an RF feeder uplink beam to a satellite, and a space based subsystem of the satellite configured to receive the RF feeder uplink beam and produce in dependence thereon an optical ISL beam that is transmitted to another satellite. The ground based gateway subsystem can include a ground based beamformer used to produce the RF feeder uplink beam. The optical ISL beam, produced by the space based subsystem and transmitted to the other satellite, can comprise a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal having RF frequencies within a same specified RF frequency range within which the other satellite is configured to transmit a plurality of RF service downlink beams, thereby eliminating any need for the other satellite to perform any frequency conversions when producing the plurality of RF service downlink beams in dependence on the optical ISL beam.
A spacecraft includes a structural interface adapter for mating to a launch vehicle, at least one radiator panel, at least one interior equipment panel and a 3-D truss structure. The 3-D truss structure is mechanically coupled with the structural interface adapter, the at least one radiator panel, and the at least one interior equipment panel, and at least a portion of the 3-D truss structure is disposed between the radiator panel and the interior panel.
B64G 1/50 - Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions for temperature control
F28D 15/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
90.
Multiport amplifier input network with compensation for output network gain and phase frequency response imbalance
Beamforming channels of a satellite are calibrated using a low power, spread spectrum calibration signal. The power of the calibration signal is below the noise level of a user signal in an active channel, allowing channels to be calibrated while active. When calibrating the transmit side circuitry, a two-stage calibration can be used, first calibrating the output hybrid matrix, then calibrating the whole of the transmit side. To improve performance, the dwell time spend calibrating a channel can be based on the power of the user signal in the channel. A transmit probe can be used to inject a calibration signal into the receive antennae and a receive probe can be used to extract the calibration signal from the transmit antennae. To reduce frequency of calibrations, the calibrations can be based on path-to-path differences. These techniques are also applied to multiport amplifiers (MPAs).
A stationkeeping strategy for a satellite disposed in a TAP orbit includes controlling parameters of the orbit such that, for a constellation of two satellites disposed in the orbit, the constellation provides substantially continuous coverage of a polar region. The stationkeeping strategy includes one or more of: establishing an initial Right Ascension of Ascending Node (RAAN) of the operational orbit such that naturally caused orbital drift results in a mid-life RAAN of approximately 0 degrees (360 degrees); and controlling Argument of Perigee (ARGP), only indirectly, by performing orbit maintenance maneuvers only to directly control one or more of the operational orbit apogee altitude, the operational orbit perigee altitude, and inclination within a respective required range.
A spacecraft payload subsystem includes a tracking receiver, an input multiplexer, an antenna pointing mechanism (APM) controller and a plurality of antenna reflectors. Each antenna reflector is mechanically coupled with a respective APM, and illuminated by a respective tracking feed element. Each respective tracking feed element is configured to receive an uplink beacon signal from the ground by way of one of the antenna reflectors and is coupled, by way of a respective pseudo-monopulse (PSM) coupler and the input multiplexer, to the tracking receiver. The tracking receiver is configured to receive multiplexed signals from the PSM couplers by way of the input multiplexer and output corresponding pointing error information to the APM controller. The APM controller is configured to send commands to one or more of the APMs. Each APM is configured to point a respective antenna reflector in response to the commands.
H01Q 19/18 - Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H01Q 3/08 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
H01Q 1/28 - Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
H01Q 3/12 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
H01Q 15/16 - Reflecting surfacesEquivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
A spacecraft propulsion system includes at least one chemical thruster operable with a liquid propellant, at least one electric thruster operable with an inert gas, and a first quantity ‘n’ of pressurant tanks, each of the ‘n’ pressurant tanks having a substantially identical volume. The propulsion system results from assembling a plurality of subassemblies, such that a first selectable number ‘e’ of the first quantity of pressurant tanks are manifolded together with the at least one electric thruster, and a second selectable number ‘c’ of the first quantity of pressurant tanks are manifolded together with the at least one chemical thruster. The first selectable number ‘e’ is an integer in the inclusive range of 1 to ‘n’, and c=n−e.
Beamforming channels of a satellite are calibrated using a low power, spread spectrum calibration signal. The power of the calibration signal is below the noise level of a user signal in an active channel, allowing channels to be calibrated while active. When calibrating the transmit side circuitry, a two-stage calibration can be used, first calibrating the output hybrid matrix, then calibrating the whole of the transmit side. To improve performance, the dwell time spend calibrating a channel can be based on the power of the user signal in the channel. A transmit probe can be used to inject a calibration signal into the receive antennae and a receive probe can be used to extract the calibration signal from the transmit antennae. To reduce frequency of calibrations, the calibrations can be based on path-to-path differences.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
Beamforming channels of a satellite are calibrated using a low power, spread spectrum calibration signal. The power of the calibration signal is below the noise level of a user signal in an active channel, allowing channels to be calibrated while active. When calibrating the transmit side circuitry, a two-stage calibration can be used, first calibrating the output hybrid matrix, then calibrating the whole of the transmit side. To improve performance, the dwell time spend calibrating a channel can be based on the power of the user signal in the channel. A transmit probe can be used to inject a calibration signal into the receive antennae and a receive probe can be used to extract the calibration signal from the transmit antennae. To reduce frequency of calibrations, the calibrations can be based on path-to-path differences. These techniques are also applied to multiport amplifiers (MPAs).
Disclosed herein is a system including analog receive paths and analog transmit paths and signal processing equipment onboard a satellite, and methods for use therewith. For each of a plurality of the analog receive paths, a calibration signal is injected therein below a noise floor thereof, while the path is actively used to receive and condition an RF signal, and the calibration signal is extracted from the analog receive path after the signal has traveled through at least a portion of the path. The extracted calibration signal is compared to the injected calibration signal to determine gain and phase deviations caused by the path. Gain and phase characteristics of the analog receive paths are adjusted to compensate for different gain and phase deviations being caused by different paths. Similar techniques are used to compensate for different gain and phase deviations being caused by different analog transmit paths.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
A satellite system that includes a gateway, a satellite, and a user terminal. The gateway determines a modulation scheme based on a function of uplink and downlink signal quality and a defined relationship between the downlink modulation to the uplink modulation. The satellite includes an input demodulator configured to apply an input modulation and coding (modcod) scheme; an output modulator configured to apply an output modcod scheme; and an output modcod scheme selector configured to select an output modcod scheme for the output modulator based on the input modcod scheme according a predetermined relationship between input modcod schemes and output modcod schemes. The user terminal providing the gateway a measure of downlink signal quality.
A photonic switch device accepts a data modulated RF signal and outputs the data modulated RF signal or a frequency converted version thereof at one or more outputs of the switch device. Tunable laser(s) is/are controlled to cause peak wavelength(s) of the optical signal(s) emitted therefrom. An EOM receives the accepted data modulated RF signal and optical signal(s) produced using the tunable laser(s), and the EOM outputs an optical data signal modulated to include the data modulated RF signal. A WDM receives the optical data signal output by the EOM and the optical data signal received by the WDM demultiplexer is output at one or more outputs thereof based on peak wavelength(s) of the optical data signal. Photodetectors optically coupled to respective outputs of the WDM demultiplexer convert optical signals back to electrical signals. Related methods and system are also described herein.
A launch vehicle includes an upper stage and an integral fairing. In a launch configuration, the integral fairing is configured to enclose, between an aft portion and a forward portion, one or more payloads. The integral fairing includes a mechanical attachment with the upper stage proximal to the aft portion, and a nose cap proximal to the forward portion and a passive venting arrangement that equalizes pressures internal and external to the integral fairing. The integral fairing is configured to permit deployment of at least one payload, while avoiding: (i) separation of the integral fairing into two or more parts, (ii) separation of the integral fairing from the upper stage, and (iii) articulation of the mechanical attachment. The upper stage may provide single stage to orbit capability.
A wireless communication platform utilizes flexible bandwidth assignment to re-allocate bandwidth between spot beams. The platform may assign a first combination of frequency and polarization (FP) to a first spot beam and a second combination of frequency and polarization to a second spot beam that is adjacent and at least partially overlapping the first spot beam. The platform may assign to the first spot beam a reserved combination of frequency and polarization during a first time period, and at second time, assign the reserved combination to the second spot beam. The platform may also assign the reserved combination simultaneously to adjacent spot beams by managing user of the reserved combination by geographically isolated terminals in the spot beams. The platform may further assign different portions of the reserved combination to adjacent spot beams without geographical limitations.
