This disclosure relates to a method for making a dispersion, comprising preparing an aqueous phase comprising water and a surfactant; combining a hydrophobic substance and a plurality of particles comprising cellulose to form a concentrate; and mixing the aqueous phase and concentrate to provide a dispersion. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.
This invention relates to methods for making compositions comprising polymers and a cellulose composition comprising particles, wherein the particles comprises cellulose. This invention also relates to methods for forming articles from the disclosed compositions and compositions and articles made from a disclosed process. This is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
The present invention is related to cellulose-containing compositions, processes for their preparation from cellulose-containing feedstocks, as well as thickeners, suspensions, emulsions, food products, personal care and cosmetic products comprising them. The method for preparation of the cellulose-containing composition comprises subjecting a cellulose-containing feedstock slurry to critical subcritical, near critical or supercritical water and separating the liquid portion from a solid portion of which comprises the cellulose-containing composition having cellulose with an average molecular weight between 40,000 grams/mole and 155,000 grams/mole.
This invention relates to compositions comprising cellulose particles and methods for making and using same. This invention also relates to compositions comprising a fluid and particles comprising cellulose. Thus, disclosed herein are methods of manufacture, isolation, purification, and handling of cellulose particles. Also disclosed are uses for cellulose particles as additives in leavened or leavenable food products, or in an emulsion or emulsifiable product, or as a suspension aid, or in a thickened composition, or in a meat or meat analog product, or in a personal care formulation, or in a beauty formulation, or in a cosmetic formulation, or in a skin care formulation. Also disclosed are uses for cellulose particles in subterranean treatment compositions. Also disclosed are uses for cellulose particles in metal working compositions, cutting compositions, and stamping compositions. Also disclosed herein are resuspendable particles comprising cellulose. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
A01N 43/16 - Biocides, produits repoussant ou attirant les animaux nuisibles, ou régulateurs de croissance des végétaux, contenant des composés hétérocycliques comportant des cycles avec un ou plusieurs atomes d'oxygène ou de soufre comme uniques hétéro-atomes du cycle avec un hétéro-atome des cycles à six chaînons avec l'oxygène comme hétéro-atome du cycle
A61Q 19/10 - Préparations pour le nettoyage ou le bain
A61Q 17/04 - Préparations topiques pour faire écran au soleil ou aux radiationsPréparations topiques pour bronzer
A61Q 19/00 - Préparations pour les soins de la peau
A21D 13/068 - Produits à valeur nutritive modifiée, p. ex. à teneur en amidon modifiée à teneur en matières grasses modifiéeProduits sans matières grasses
A23L 7/109 - Types de pâtes alimentaires, p. ex. macaroni ou nouilles
A23D 7/005 - Compositions à base d'huiles ou de graisses comestibles contenant une phase aqueuse, p. ex. margarines caractérisées par des ingrédients autres que des triglycérides d'acides gras
A23D 7/015 - Réduction de la teneur en caloriesRéduction de la teneur en graisses
A23D 9/007 - Autres huiles ou graisses comestibles, p. ex. huiles pour cuisson caractérisées par des ingrédients autres que des triglycérides d'acides gras
A23G 9/34 - Desserts glacés, p. ex. confiseries glacées, glacesMélanges correspondants caractérisés par la composition caractérisés par les hydrates de carbone utilisés, p. ex. des polysaccharides
A23L 13/40 - Produits à base de viandeFarine de viandeLeur préparation et leur traitement contenant des additifs
A21D 13/047 - Produits obtenus à partir de matières autres que la farine de seigle ou de blé à partir de céréales autres que le seigle ou le blé, p. ex. de riz
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
Produits et services
Lignin and polyaromatic chemical compounds derived from biomass processing for use in the biochemical and chemical industries and for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
Produits et services
Lignin and polyaromatic chemical compounds derived from biomass processing for use in the biochemical and chemical industries and for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods
7.
Cellulose-containing compositions and methods of making same
Cellulose-containing compositions and method of making same are disclosed. The compositions comprise a cellulose product comprising a type-I cellulose, a type-II cellulose, amorphous cellulose, or a combination thereof. Further, methods are disclosed for making these compositions and for further hydrolyzing these compositions. Additionally, uses for the cellulose-containing compositions are disclosed.
C08B 15/02 - OxycelluloseHydrocelluloseHydrate de cellulose
C07G 1/00 - Dérivés de lignine à bas poids moléculaire
C08B 11/18 - Aryl- ou aralkyléthers à radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués
C08B 15/06 - Dérivés contenant des éléments autres que carbone, hydrogène, oxygène, halogènes ou soufre contenant de l'azote
C08L 97/02 - Matériau lignocellulosique, p. ex. bois, paille ou bagasse
C09J 11/06 - Additifs non macromoléculaires organiques
C09J 201/00 - Adhésifs à base de composés macromoléculaires non spécifiés
G01N 23/20 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la diffraction de la radiation par les matériaux, p. ex. pour rechercher la structure cristallineRecherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la diffusion de la radiation par les matériaux, p. ex. pour rechercher les matériaux non cristallinsRecherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la réflexion de la radiation par les matériaux
8.
METHOD OF DISPERSING HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES IN AQUEOUS CLEANSING SYSTEM
This disclosure relates to a method for making a dispersion, comprising preparing an aqueous phase comprising water and a surfactant; combining a hydrophobic substance and a plurality of particles comprising cellulose to form a concentrate; and mixing the aqueous phase and concentrate to provide a dispersion. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.
C08J 3/05 - Production de solutions, dispersions, latex ou gel par d'autres procédés que ceux utilisant les techniques de polymérisation en solution, en émulsion ou en suspension dans un milieux aqueux à partir de polymères solides
A61K 8/72 - Cosmétiques ou préparations similaires pour la toilette caractérisés par la composition contenant des composés organiques macromoléculaires
A61K 8/97 - Cosmétiques ou préparations similaires pour la toilette caractérisés par la composition contenant des produits de constitution indéterminée ou leurs dérivés à base d’algues, de champignons, de lichens ou de plantesCosmétiques ou préparations similaires pour la toilette caractérisés par la composition contenant des produits de constitution indéterminée ou leurs dérivés à base de leurs dérivés
A61Q 5/02 - Préparations pour le lavage des cheveux
This disclosure relates to a method for making a dispersion, comprising preparing an aqueous phase comprising water and a surfactant; combining a hydrophobic substance and a plurality of particles comprising cellulose to form a concentrate; and mixing the aqueous phase and concentrate to provide a dispersion. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.
03 - Produits cosmétiques et préparations de toilette; préparations pour blanchir, nettoyer, polir et abraser.
Produits et services
Plant-based, non-medicated skin care preparations for use in beauty, cosmetics, and personal care, namely, skincare masks for use on face and body, moisturizers, serums, cleansers, exfoliating scrubs for cosmetic purposes, and polishers for the face and body, and lip and eye creams
03 - Produits cosmétiques et préparations de toilette; préparations pour blanchir, nettoyer, polir et abraser.
Produits et services
Plant-based, non-medicated skin care preparations, namely, cleansers, creams, lotions, exfoliators, and polishers for use in beauty, cosmetics and personal care
03 - Produits cosmétiques et préparations de toilette; préparations pour blanchir, nettoyer, polir et abraser.
Produits et services
Plant-based, non-medicated skin care preparations, namely, cleansers, creams, lotions, exfoliators, and polishers for use in beauty, cosmetics and personal care
03 - Produits cosmétiques et préparations de toilette; préparations pour blanchir, nettoyer, polir et abraser.
Produits et services
Plant-based, non-medicated skin care preparations, namely, cleansers, creams, lotions, exfoliators, and polishers for use in beauty, cosmetics and personal care
Provided is a method comprising (a) providing a hydrolysis composition of at least 20 wt % of sugar equivalents, wherein the hydrolysis composition comprises a first oligosaccharide, water, optionally a soluble aromatic compound, (b) contacting the hydrolysis composition with a catalyst in a first reactor to hydrolyze at least a portion of the first oligosaccharide to form a first product composition comprising a first monosaccharide and a second oligosaccharide, (c) separating the first monosaccharide from the first product composition to form a second product composition comprising the second oligosaccharide, wherein at least a portion of the second oligosaccharide is a reversion sugar, and (d) converting via a further hydrolysis step at least a portion of the second oligosaccharide to form a third product composition comprising a second monosaccharide.
The present invention relates to the use of a hardwood lignin, a softwood lignin, and/or a grass lignin as an antioxidant stabilizer in polymers or polymer compositions, such as, for example, thermoplastics, thermoplastic composites, thermosets, coatings, films, adhesives, personal care compositions, or any combination thereof.
Provided is a method for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface. Also provided is an apparatus suitable for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface.
D21C 9/00 - Post-traitement de la pâte de cellulose, p. ex. de la pâte de bois, ou des linters de coton
C09D 105/00 - Compositions de revêtement à base de polysaccharides ou de leurs dérivés, non prévues dans les groupes ou
C09D 197/00 - Compositions de revêtement à base de matériaux contenant de la lignine
D21C 9/08 - Élimination des graisses, résines, poix ou cires
D21H 21/02 - Agents pour empêcher le dépôt sur les meules ou les disques des machines à papier, p. ex. contrôle de la poix ou des boues
B08B 7/00 - Nettoyage par des procédés non prévus dans une seule autre sous-classe ou un seul groupe de la présente sous-classe
B08B 9/08 - Nettoyage de récipients, p. ex. de réservoirs
B01J 19/02 - Appareils caractérisés par le fait qu'ils sont construits avec des matériaux choisis pour leurs propriétés de résistance aux agents chimiques
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseSirops glucosés obtenus par saccharification de matières cellulosiques
21.
Cellulose-containing compositions and methods of making same
Cellulose-containing compositions and method of making same are disclosed. The compositions comprise a cellulose product comprising a type-I cellulose, a type-II cellulose, amorphous cellulose, or a combination thereof. Further, methods are disclosed for making these compositions and for further hydrolyzing these compositions. Additionally, uses for the cellulose-containing compositions are disclosed.
C08B 15/02 - OxycelluloseHydrocelluloseHydrate de cellulose
C07G 1/00 - Dérivés de lignine à bas poids moléculaire
C08B 11/18 - Aryl- ou aralkyléthers à radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués
C08B 15/06 - Dérivés contenant des éléments autres que carbone, hydrogène, oxygène, halogènes ou soufre contenant de l'azote
C08L 97/02 - Matériau lignocellulosique, p. ex. bois, paille ou bagasse
C09J 11/06 - Additifs non macromoléculaires organiques
C09J 201/00 - Adhésifs à base de composés macromoléculaires non spécifiés
G01N 23/20 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la diffraction de la radiation par les matériaux, p. ex. pour rechercher la structure cristallineRecherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la diffusion de la radiation par les matériaux, p. ex. pour rechercher les matériaux non cristallinsRecherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la réflexion de la radiation par les matériaux
This invention relates to methods for making compositions comprising polymers and a cellulose composition comprising particles, wherein the particles comprises cellulose. This invention also relates to methods for forming articles from the disclosed compositions and compositions and articles made from a disclosed process. This is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
Provided is a method of coalescing a substance comprising providing a first mixture comprising a substance, agitating at least a portion of the first mixture under turbulent conditions for a first time period, thereby causing particles comprising and substance to collide and form into larger particles.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
Produits et services
Hydro-thermally processed lignin-cellulosic material from plants for use as a fiber ingredient in food for the purposes of emulsification, hydrocolloid, egg replacement or egg extension, texture improvement, freshness extension, lecithin replacement, fat replacement or fat extension, gluten free product enhancement, or allergen free substitution
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
Produits et services
Plant derived extracts comprising cellulose and lignin in the colloidal form for use as ingredients in the beauty and personal care industry for purposes of emulsification, active and excipient functions, oil absorptive capacity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or formulation stabilization
Provided is a method comprising (a) providing a hydrolysis composition of at least 20 wt% of sugar equivalents, wherein the hydrolysis composition comprises a first oligosaccharide, water, optionally a soluble aromatic compound, (b) contacting the hydrolysis composition with a catalyst in a first reactor to hydrolyze at least a portion of the first oligosaccharide to form a first product composition comprising a first monosaccharide and a second oligosaccharide, (c) separating the first monosaccharide from the first product composition to form a second product composition comprising the second oligosaccharide, wherein at least a portion of the second oligosaccharide is a reversion sugar, and (d) converting via a further hydrolysis step at least a portion of the second oligosaccharide to form a third product composition comprising a second monosaccharide.
The present invention relates to the use of a hardwood lignin, a softwood lignin, and/or a grass lignin as an antioxidant stabilizer in polymers or polymer compositions, such as, for example, thermoplastics, thermoplastic composites, thermosets, coatings, films, adhesives, personal care compositions, or any combination thereof.
The present invention relates to the use of a hardwood lignin, a softwood lignin, and/or a grass lignin as an antioxidant stabilizer in polymers or polymer compositions, such as, for example, thermoplastics, thermoplastic composites, thermosets, coatings, films, adhesives, personal care compositions, or any combination thereof.
C07G 1/00 - Dérivés de lignine à bas poids moléculaire
C08J 5/10 - Renforcement des composés macromoléculaires avec des matériaux fibreux en vrac ou en nappes caractérisé par les additifs utilisés dans le mélange de polymères
This invention relates to compositions comprising cellulose particles and methods for making and using same. This invention also relates to compositions comprising a fluid and particles comprising cellulose. Thus, disclosed herein are methods of manufacture, isolation, purification, and handling of cellulose particles. Also disclosed are uses for cellulose particles as additives in leavened or leavenable food products, or in an emulsion or emulsifiable product, or as a suspension aid, or in a thickened composition, or in a meat or meat analog product, or in a personal care formulation, or in a beauty formulation, or in a cosmetic formulation, or in a skin care formulation. Also disclosed are uses for cellulose particles in subterranean treatment compositions. Also disclosed are uses for cellulose particles in metal working compositions, cutting compositions, and stamping compositions. Also disclosed herein are resuspendable particles comprising cellulose. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
This invention relates to compositions comprising cellulose particles and methods for making and using same. This invention also relates to compositions comprising a fluid and particles comprising cellulose. Thus, disclosed herein are methods of manufacture, isolation, purification, and handling of cellulose particles. Also disclosed are uses for cellulose particles as additives in leavened or leavenable food products, or in an emulsion or emulsifiable product, or as a suspension aid, or in a thickened composition, or in a meat or meat analog product, or in a personal care formulation, or in a beauty formulation, or in a cosmetic formulation, or in a skin care formulation. Also disclosed are uses for cellulose particles in subterranean treatment compositions. Also disclosed are uses for cellulose particles in metal working compositions, cutting compositions, and stamping compositions. Also disclosed herein are resuspendable particles comprising cellulose. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and an insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseSirops glucosés obtenus par saccharification de matières cellulosiques
C12P 7/10 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques d'un substrat constitué par des matières cellulosiques
C13K 13/00 - Sucres non prévus ailleurs dans la présente classe
D21C 3/22 - Autres caractéristiques des procédés de réduction en pâte
D21C 1/00 - Traitement préalable des matériaux finement divisés avant la cuisson
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
Provided is a method for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface. Also provided is an apparatus suitable for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface.
D21C 9/00 - Post-traitement de la pâte de cellulose, p. ex. de la pâte de bois, ou des linters de coton
C09D 105/00 - Compositions de revêtement à base de polysaccharides ou de leurs dérivés, non prévues dans les groupes ou
C09D 197/00 - Compositions de revêtement à base de matériaux contenant de la lignine
B01J 19/02 - Appareils caractérisés par le fait qu'ils sont construits avec des matériaux choisis pour leurs propriétés de résistance aux agents chimiques
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseSirops glucosés obtenus par saccharification de matières cellulosiques
D21C 9/08 - Élimination des graisses, résines, poix ou cires
D21H 21/02 - Agents pour empêcher le dépôt sur les meules ou les disques des machines à papier, p. ex. contrôle de la poix ou des boues
B08B 7/00 - Nettoyage par des procédés non prévus dans une seule autre sous-classe ou un seul groupe de la présente sous-classe
B08B 9/08 - Nettoyage de récipients, p. ex. de réservoirs
Provided is a method of coalescing a substance comprising providing a first mixture comprising a substance, agitating at least a portion of the first mixture under turbulent conditions for a first time period, thereby causing particles comprising and substance to collide and form into larger particles.
Vessels can be become fouled due to normal operation thereof, for example, during lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis, and the vessel will become inoperable unless the fouling is removed from the vessel. Accordingly, methods are disclosed herein for removing fouling substances from the interior surfaces of fouled pressurized vessels. The methods utilize a brief rapid change of pressure in the vessel. In some embodiments, the rapid pressure change is a decrease, and the rapid pressure change causes, for example, increased velocity of the fluid flowing in the vessel, flashing of a portion of the fluid to vapor, and removal of the fouling substance adhered to the interior surface of the vessel.
B08B 9/032 - Nettoyage des surfaces intérieuresÉlimination des bouchons par l'action mécanique d'un fluide en mouvement, p. ex. par effet de chasse d'eau
B08B 3/10 - Nettoyage impliquant le contact avec un liquide avec traitement supplémentaire du liquide ou de l'objet en cours de nettoyage, p. ex. par la chaleur, par l'électricité ou par des vibrations
B08B 7/00 - Nettoyage par des procédés non prévus dans une seule autre sous-classe ou un seul groupe de la présente sous-classe
B08B 3/08 - Nettoyage impliquant le contact avec un liquide le liquide ayant un effet chimique ou dissolvant
B08B 9/08 - Nettoyage de récipients, p. ex. de réservoirs
36.
Methods for preparing and collecting polyaromatic compounds, and products comprising polyaromatic compounds
C08G 61/10 - Composés macromoléculaires contenant uniquement des atomes de carbone dans la chaîne principale de la molécule, p. ex. polyxylylènes uniquement des atomes de carbone aromatiques, p. ex. polyphénylènes
C08G 8/00 - Polymères de condensation obtenus uniquement à partir d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des phénols
C08L 97/00 - Compositions contenant des matières contenant de la lignine
C08H 8/00 - Composés macromoléculaires dérivés de matériaux lignocellulosiques
C08G 61/12 - Composés macromoléculaires contenant d'autres atomes que le carbone dans la chaîne principale de la macromolécule
C08G 8/10 - Polymères de condensation obtenus uniquement à partir d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des phénols d'aldéhydes de formaldéhyde, p. ex. de formaldéhyde formé in situ avec du phénol
37.
Cellulose-containing compositions and methods of making same
Cellulose-containing compositions and method of making same are disclosed. The compositions comprise a cellulose product comprising a type-I cellulose, a type-II cellulose, amorphous cellulose, or a combination thereof. Further, methods are disclosed for making these compositions and for further hydrolyzing these compositions. Additionally, uses for the cellulose-containing compositions are disclosed.
C09J 11/06 - Additifs non macromoléculaires organiques
C09J 201/00 - Adhésifs à base de composés macromoléculaires non spécifiés
G01N 23/20 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la diffraction de la radiation par les matériaux, p. ex. pour rechercher la structure cristallineRecherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la diffusion de la radiation par les matériaux, p. ex. pour rechercher les matériaux non cristallinsRecherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la réflexion de la radiation par les matériaux
Admixtures comprising an adhesive resin and cellulose are disclosed, in which at least a portion of the cellulose is type-II cellulose. Also disclosed are compositions comprising adhesive resins, in which the adhesive resins comprise a condensation product of formaldehyde and at least one phenolic compound, and the condensation product is formed in the presence of cellulose, wherein at least a portion of the cellulose is type-II cellulose. Articles of manufacture containing the admixtures and compositions, such as plywood and oriented strand board, are also disclosed. In addition, methods of preparing the compositions and articles of manufacture are disclosed.
C08B 15/02 - OxycelluloseHydrocelluloseHydrate de cellulose
C07G 1/00 - Dérivés de lignine à bas poids moléculaire
C08B 11/18 - Aryl- ou aralkyléthers à radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués
C08B 15/06 - Dérivés contenant des éléments autres que carbone, hydrogène, oxygène, halogènes ou soufre contenant de l'azote
C08L 97/02 - Matériau lignocellulosique, p. ex. bois, paille ou bagasse
C09J 11/06 - Additifs non macromoléculaires organiques
C09J 201/00 - Adhésifs à base de composés macromoléculaires non spécifiés
G01N 23/20 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la diffraction de la radiation par les matériaux, p. ex. pour rechercher la structure cristallineRecherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la diffusion de la radiation par les matériaux, p. ex. pour rechercher les matériaux non cristallinsRecherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en utilisant la réflexion de la radiation par les matériaux
39.
Upgrading lignin from lignin-containing residues through reactive extraction
Disclosed are methods of functionalizing lignin using reactive extraction. The invention also generally relates to functionalized lignin. An exemplary method for producing functionalized lignin is disclosed, which comprises: providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100° C. or less; and wherein the first mixture comprises: a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and a first solid fraction comprising cellulose.
Vessels can be become fouled due to normal operation thereof, for example, during lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis, and the vessel will become inoperable unless the fouling is removed from the vessel. Accordingly, methods are disclosed herein for removing fouling substances from the interior surfaces of fouled pressurized vessels. The methods utilize a brief rapid change of pressure in the vessel. In some embodiments, the rapid pressure change is a decrease, and the rapid pressure change causes, for example, increased velocity of the fluid flowing in the vessel, flashing of a portion of the fluid to vapor, and removal of the fouling substance adhered to the interior surface of the vessel.
Vessels can be become fouled due to normal operation thereof, for example, during lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis, and the vessel will become inoperable unless the fouling is removed from the vessel. Accordingly, methods are disclosed herein for removing fouling substances from the interior surfaces of fouled pressurized vessels. The methods utilize a brief rapid change of pressure in the vessel. In some embodiments, the rapid pressure change is a decrease, and the rapid pressure change causes, for example, increased velocity of the fluid flowing in the vessel, flashing of a portion of the fluid to vapor, and removal of the fouling substance adhered to the interior surface of the vessel.
B08B 3/10 - Nettoyage impliquant le contact avec un liquide avec traitement supplémentaire du liquide ou de l'objet en cours de nettoyage, p. ex. par la chaleur, par l'électricité ou par des vibrations
B08B 3/08 - Nettoyage impliquant le contact avec un liquide le liquide ayant un effet chimique ou dissolvant
B08B 7/00 - Nettoyage par des procédés non prévus dans une seule autre sous-classe ou un seul groupe de la présente sous-classe
B08B 9/08 - Nettoyage de récipients, p. ex. de réservoirs
42.
Method and apparatus for removing a fouling substance from a pressured vessel
Vessels can be become fouled due to normal operation thereof, for example, during lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis, and the vessel will become inoperable unless the fouling is removed from the vessel. Accordingly, methods are disclosed herein for removing fouling substances from the interior surfaces of fouled pressurized vessels. The methods utilize a brief rapid change of pressure in the vessel. In some embodiments, the rapid pressure change is a decrease, and the rapid pressure change causes, for example, increased velocity of the fluid flowing in the vessel, flashing of a portion of the fluid to vapor, and removal of the fouling substance adhered to the interior surface of the vessel.
B08B 9/08 - Nettoyage de récipients, p. ex. de réservoirs
B08B 3/08 - Nettoyage impliquant le contact avec un liquide le liquide ayant un effet chimique ou dissolvant
B08B 3/10 - Nettoyage impliquant le contact avec un liquide avec traitement supplémentaire du liquide ou de l'objet en cours de nettoyage, p. ex. par la chaleur, par l'électricité ou par des vibrations
B08B 7/00 - Nettoyage par des procédés non prévus dans une seule autre sous-classe ou un seul groupe de la présente sous-classe
43.
METHOD OF DIRECTED FOULING OF A SUBSTANCE ONTO A SELECTED SURFACE
Provided is a method for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface. Also provided is an apparatus suitable for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface.
Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and an insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseSirops glucosés obtenus par saccharification de matières cellulosiques
C12P 7/10 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques d'un substrat constitué par des matières cellulosiques
C13K 13/00 - Sucres non prévus ailleurs dans la présente classe
D21C 3/22 - Autres caractéristiques des procédés de réduction en pâte
D21C 1/00 - Traitement préalable des matériaux finement divisés avant la cuisson
Provided is a method of coalescing a substance comprising providing a first mixture comprising a substance, agitating at least a portion of the first mixture under turbulent conditions for a first time period, thereby causing particles comprising the substance to collide and form into larger particles.
Provided is a method of coalescing a substance comprising providing a first mixture comprising a substance, agitating at least a portion of the first mixture under turbulent conditions for a first time period, thereby causing particles comprising the substance to collide and form into larger particles.
C08G 8/04 - Polymères de condensation obtenus uniquement à partir d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des phénols d'aldéhydes
C08G 16/02 - Polymères de condensation d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des monomères non prévus dans les groupes d'aldéhydes
C08H 7/00 - LignineLignine modifiéeProduits dérivés à haut poids moléculaire
C08G 8/20 - Polymères de condensation obtenus uniquement à partir d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des phénols d'aldéhydes de formaldéhyde, p. ex. de formaldéhyde formé in situ avec des phénols polyhydriques
C07G 1/00 - Dérivés de lignine à bas poids moléculaire
48.
CELLULOSE-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME
Cellulose-containing compositions and method of making same are disclosed. The compositions comprise a cellulose product comprising a type-I cellulose, a type-II cellulose, amorphous cellulose, or a combination thereof. Further, methods are disclosed for making these compositions and for further hydrolyzing these compositions. Additionally, uses for the cellulose-containing compositions are disclosed.
C08B 15/00 - Préparation d'autres dérivés cellulosiques ou de cellulose modifiée
C08H 8/00 - Composés macromoléculaires dérivés de matériaux lignocellulosiques
C08J 3/00 - Procédés pour le traitement de substances macromoléculaires ou la formation de mélanges
C08J 11/10 - Récupération ou traitement des résidus des polymères par coupure des chaînes moléculaires des polymères ou rupture des liaisons de réticulation par voie chimique, p. ex. dévulcanisation
Admixtures comprising an adhesive resin and cellulose are disclosed, in which at least a portion of the cellulose is type-II cellulose. Also disclosed are compositions comprising adhesive resins, in which the adhesive resins comprise a condensation product of formaldehyde and at least one phenolic compound, and the condensation product is formed in the presence of cellulose, wherein at least a portion of the cellulose is type-II cellulose. Articles of manufacture containing the admixtures and compositions, such as plywood and oriented strand board, are also disclosed. In addition, methods of preparing the compositions and articles of manufacture are disclosed.
C08G 61/10 - Composés macromoléculaires contenant uniquement des atomes de carbone dans la chaîne principale de la molécule, p. ex. polyxylylènes uniquement des atomes de carbone aromatiques, p. ex. polyphénylènes
C08G 8/00 - Polymères de condensation obtenus uniquement à partir d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des phénols
C08L 97/00 - Compositions contenant des matières contenant de la lignine
51.
CELLULOSE-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME
Cellulose-containing compositions and method of making same are disclosed. The compositions comprise a cellulose product comprising a type-I cellulose, a type-II cellulose, amorphous cellulose, or a combination thereof. Further, methods are disclosed for making these compositions and for further hydrolyzing these compositions. Additionally, uses for the cellulose-containing compositions are disclosed.
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseSirops glucosés obtenus par saccharification de matières cellulosiques
B01J 3/00 - Procédés utilisant une pression supérieure ou inférieure à la pression atmosphérique pour obtenir des modifications chimiques ou physiques de la matièreAppareils à cet effet
C13K 13/00 - Sucres non prévus ailleurs dans la présente classe
C08B 1/00 - Traitement préparatoire de la cellulose pour l'obtention de dérivés cellulosiques
C08H 8/00 - Composés macromoléculaires dérivés de matériaux lignocellulosiques
C12P 7/10 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques d'un substrat constitué par des matières cellulosiques
Methods and systems are disclosed for the hydrolysis of mixed biomass. The methods include forming a mixture of at least two modified biomass feedstocks to achieve various benefits, such as maximizing sugar yields and minimizing the formation of degradation products.
Disclosed are methods of functionalizing lignin using reactive extraction. The invention also generally relates to functionalized lignin. An examplary method for producing functionalized lignin is disclosed, which comprises: providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100°C or less; and wherein the first mixture comprises: a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and a first solid fraction comprising cellulose.
C08L 97/02 - Matériau lignocellulosique, p. ex. bois, paille ou bagasse
B01J 8/24 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées selon la technique du "lit fluidisé"
C08L 99/00 - Compositions contenant des composés macromoléculaires naturels ou leurs dérivés, non prévus dans les groupes ou
55.
UPGRADING LIGNIN FROM LIGNIN-CONTAINING RESIDUES THROUGH REACTIVE EXTRACTION
Disclosed are methods of functionalizing lignin using reactive extraction. The invention also generally relates to functionalized lignin. An examplary method for producing functionalized lignin is disclosed, which comprises: providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100°C or less; and wherein the first mixture comprises: a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and a first solid fraction comprising cellulose.
C08L 97/02 - Matériau lignocellulosique, p. ex. bois, paille ou bagasse
C08L 99/00 - Compositions contenant des composés macromoléculaires naturels ou leurs dérivés, non prévus dans les groupes ou
B01J 8/24 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées selon la technique du "lit fluidisé"
Methods and systems are disclosed for the hydrolysis of mixed biomass. The methods include forming a mixture of at least two modified biomass feedstocks to achieve various benefits, such as maximizing sugar yields and minimizing the formation of degradation products.
Methods and systems are disclosed for the hydrolysis of mixed biomass. The methods include forming a mixture of at least two modified biomass feedstocks to achieve various benefits, such as maximizing sugar yields and minimizing the formation of degradation products.
Provided is a method of treating a saccharide-containing composition, the method comprising contacting a composition containing a saccharide with a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof (I), wherein R1-R4, X, and n are as described herein. Further provided is a composition comprising a saccharide and a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof.
Provided is a method of treating a saccharide-containing composition, the method comprising contacting a composition containing a saccharide with a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof
4, X, and n are as described herein. Further provided is a composition comprising a saccharide and a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof.
C12P 7/10 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques d'un substrat constitué par des matières cellulosiques
60.
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 oligosaccharides
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
Methods and systems for biomass hydrolysis are disclosed. The methods use wash liquor in a sequencing process to maximize sugar yields, particularly C5 saccharides.
Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for recovering and reusing energy when processing materials with reactive fluids. More particularly, disclosed are methods and apparatuses for recovering and reusing energy from processes in which materials comprising polymers and/or oligomers are treated with a reactive fluid.
C10G 1/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de schiste bitumineux, de sable pétrolifère ou de matières carbonées solides non fusibles ou similaires, p. ex. bois, charbon
F27D 9/00 - Refroidissement des fours ou des charges s'y trouvant
C08J 3/00 - Procédés pour le traitement de substances macromoléculaires ou la formation de mélanges
68.
ENERGY RECOVERY WHEN PROCESSING MATERIALS WITH REACTIVE FLUIDS
Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for recovering and reusing energy when processing materials with reactive fluids. More particularly, disclosed are methods and apparatuses for recovering and reusing energy from processes in which materials comprising polymers and/or oligomers are treated with a reactive fluid.
F22B 1/00 - Méthodes de production de vapeur caractérisées par le genre de chauffage
B01J 3/00 - Procédés utilisant une pression supérieure ou inférieure à la pression atmosphérique pour obtenir des modifications chimiques ou physiques de la matièreAppareils à cet effet
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
04 - Huiles et graisses industrielles; lubrifiants; combustibles
45 - Services juridiques; services de sécurité; services personnels pour individus
Produits et services
Chemicals for use in the biochemical and chemical industry; chemicals for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods; unprocessed plastics in all forms. Biofuels. Licensing of technology for the manufacture of biofuels and biochemicals.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
04 - Huiles et graisses industrielles; lubrifiants; combustibles
Produits et services
Chemicals for use in the biochemical and chemical industry; chemicals for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods; unprocessed plastics in all forms. Biofuels.
The present invention relates to regulation of the p H of a liquefaction process. Presented is a method for treatment of a biomass feedstock wherein the biomass feedstock is subjected to liquefaction, at a p H of at most 4, by treatment with hot compressed liquid water (HCW) at subcritical and/or supercritical conditions to improve the conversion efficiency. The present invention is also directed to quenching of a liquefaction process according to above, preventing, minimizing or eliminating clogging and/or fouling of sticky biomass components in process equipment during processing as according to above, and to the use of additives in a biomass liquefaction process.
Disclosed are lignins and lignin compositions having high purity. Also disclosed are lignins having unique structural characteristics, including less structural degradation than conventional lignins.
Disclosed are lignins and lignin compositions having high purity. Also disclosed are lignins having unique structural characteristics, including less structural degradation than conventional lignins.
Disclosed are lignins and lignin compositions having high purity. Also disclosed are lignins having unique structural characteristics, including less structural degradation than conventional lignins.
The present invention describes a process for quenching a hydrothermal, dilute acid hydrolysis reaction of a biomass feedstock, wherein degradation of an aqueous monomer and/or oligomer sugar mixture is slowed down or stopped by flash cooling of the aqueous monomer and/or oligomer sugar mixture, and wherein the flash cooling ensures that a fraction of dissolved and volatile degradation byproducts are removed by a forming vapor stream, and wherein a lignin component, if present, is solidified into a structure with good de-watering characteristics, allowing for subsequent removal of the lignin component by separation, said process resulting in a hydrolyzed solution of sugar monomers and/or oligomers.
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseSirops glucosés obtenus par saccharification de matières cellulosiques
B01J 3/00 - Procédés utilisant une pression supérieure ou inférieure à la pression atmosphérique pour obtenir des modifications chimiques ou physiques de la matièreAppareils à cet effet
C07H 1/08 - SéparationPurification à partir de produits naturels
C12P 7/10 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques d'un substrat constitué par des matières cellulosiques
C08G 8/20 - Polymères de condensation obtenus uniquement à partir d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des phénols d'aldéhydes de formaldéhyde, p. ex. de formaldéhyde formé in situ avec des phénols polyhydriques
C08G 16/02 - Polymères de condensation d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des monomères non prévus dans les groupes d'aldéhydes
C08H 7/00 - LignineLignine modifiéeProduits dérivés à haut poids moléculaire
C07G 1/00 - Dérivés de lignine à bas poids moléculaire
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Conversion of biomass, cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, and other polymeric and oligomeric materials to produce renewable chemicals, renewable fuels, and renewable energy for others; Conversion of biomass, cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, and other polymeric and oligomeric materials to monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, sugar substitutes, cellulosic ethanol, lignin, organic acids, and other organic products for others; Manufacture of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, sugar substitutes, cellulosic ethanol, lignin, organic acids, and other organic products from biomass, cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, or other polymeric and oligmeric materials for others
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Conversion of biomass, cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, and other polymeric and oligomeric materials to produce renewable chemicals, renewable fuels, and renewable energy for others; Conversion of biomass, cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, and other polymeric and oligomeric materials to monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, sugar substitutes, cellulosic ethanol, lignin, organic acids, and other organic products for others; Manufacture of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, sugar substitutes, cellulosic ethanol, lignin, organic acids, and other organic products from biomass, cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, or other polymeric and oligmeric materials for others
81.
Production of fermentable sugars and lignin from biomass using supercritical fluids
Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and a insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.
C13K 13/00 - Sucres non prévus ailleurs dans la présente classe
D21C 3/22 - Autres caractéristiques des procédés de réduction en pâte
C12P 7/10 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques d'un substrat constitué par des matières cellulosiques
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseSirops glucosés obtenus par saccharification de matières cellulosiques
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 monosaccharides and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 monosaccharides and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 monosaccharides and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
Compositions comprising C5 and 06 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
C12P 7/10 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques d'un substrat constitué par des matières cellulosiques
C08L 5/00 - Compositions contenant des polysaccharides ou leurs dérivés non prévus dans les groupes ou
C12P 1/00 - Préparation de composés ou de compositions, non prévue dans les groupes , utilisant des micro-organismes ou des enzymesProcédés généraux de préparation de composés ou de compositions utilisant des micro-organismes ou des enzymes
C12P 19/00 - Préparation de composés contenant des radicaux saccharide
Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.
C12P 1/00 - Préparation de composés ou de compositions, non prévue dans les groupes , utilisant des micro-organismes ou des enzymesProcédés généraux de préparation de composés ou de compositions utilisant des micro-organismes ou des enzymes
Methods are disclosed for providing recovered lignin of suitable quantity and quality to provide sufficient heating value to power the generation of supercritical or near critical water without the need for outside sources of energy. Supercritical or near critical water generator devices and systems are also disclosed.
F22B 3/00 - Autres méthodes de production de vapeurChaudières à vapeur non prévues dans les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
F22B 3/08 - Autres méthodes de production de vapeurChaudières à vapeur non prévues dans les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe à des pressions critiques ou hypercritiques
Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and a insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.
C13K 13/00 - Sucres non prévus ailleurs dans la présente classe
C12P 7/10 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques d'un substrat constitué par des matières cellulosiques
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseSirops glucosés obtenus par saccharification de matières cellulosiques
D21C 3/22 - Autres caractéristiques des procédés de réduction en pâte
D21C 1/00 - Traitement préalable des matériaux finement divisés avant la cuisson
Methods are disclosed for increasing the yields of fermentable C6 sugars from lignocellulosic biomass by using a multistage cellulose hydrolysis and quench, with or without acid.
Methods are disclosed for controlling the rate of cellulose hydrolysis and reducing the rate of glucose degradation by adjusting the pH during cellulose hydrolysis.
Self-cleaning apparatus and methods are disclosed for handling viscous fluids, such as thick solid-liquid slurries of lignocellulosic biomass and its components, under high pressure, using an array of retractable valves.
Self-cleaning apparatus and methods are disclosed for handling viscous fluids, such as thick solid-liquid slurries of lignocellulosic biomass and its components, under high pressure, using an array of retractable valves.
Methods are disclosed for controlling the rate of cellulose hydrolysis and reducing the rate of glucose degradation by adjusting the pH during cellulose hydrolysis.
Methods are disclosed for providing lignin product of a small particle size for improving burning efficiency and for avoiding typical equipment fouling problems while maximizing energy recovery.
Methods are disclosed for providing lignin product of a small particle size for improving burning efficiency and for avoiding typical equipment fouling problems while maximizing energy recovery.