A system for predicting residual tire endurance in real time based on the measurement of tire endurance factors during the use of the tire is provided. Measurements of, for example, tire pressure, ambient temperature, tire load, and vehicle speed can be used while the tire is in operation to predict the tire's endurance limit. Adjustments to the tire endurance limit based on based on prior use of the tire are also provided. The system can provide residual tire endurance information to the operator while the tire is in use on the vehicle and/or provide such information to service personnel when the vehicle is serviced.
E01C 23/00 - Dispositifs ou dispositions auxiliaires pour la construction, la réparation, la remise en état ou la dépose de routes ou de surfaces similaires
This invention relates generally to shear band of a tire that has means for inducing buckling when the tire is subjected to high deformations, and, more specifically, to a tire that has a shear band with at least one membrane that has a reinforcement having predetermined configurations for controlling the buckling behavior of the reinforcement when the membrane is subjected to compressive stress.
The present invention is a pneumatic tire having a sound suppressor made from a sound-suppressing material attached to the tire internal surface in order to reduce cavity resonance, and comprising a tread set in place when rolled at a width TW, wherein the sound suppressor is made from a sound-suppressing material and is at least one continuous ribbon of a width W and a thickness E fixed to the tire internal surface within a range of at least 30% of the radial-direction interior of the tread; the two end parts of the continuous ribbon, a starting end and a terminal end, are disposed so as to be offset from each other in the axial direction; and the continuous ribbon forms a continuous groove together with the tire internal surface, the groove width D of the continuous groove being 20% or more of the width W of the continuous ribbon.
A method of comparing the total cost of ownership between different tires is provided. More particularly, a method for comparing the total cost when certain information, such as selling price, is not available for one of the tires is provided. The method can be used, for example, to determine the amount by which a tire must be discounted to account for performance differences relative to other tires.
A barrier layer for impeding the flow of inflation gas through an inflatable article, the barrier layer constructed of a material that is based upon a cross-linkable rubber composition, the cross-linkable rubber composition comprising, per 100 parts by weight of rubber (phr) at least 50 phr of a primary elastomer selected from at least, one of a haiogenated butyl rubber or a polymeric halogenated rubber comprising C4 to C7 isoolefϊn derived units, para-alkyjstyrene derived units and para-(haloalkylstyrene) derived units. The rubber composition may further include between 0 phr and 50 phr of a secondary diene elastomer and a platy filler, Additionally rubber composition includes between 0.1 phr and 3 phr of 1,3-phenyiene dimaleimide and is cured with a sulfur curing system,
A passive tuned vibration absorber is used to attenuate unwanted vibrations in the spokes of a non-pneumatic tire and wheel assembly. Each spoke has a cutaway central portion having a tuned vibration absorber n the form of a protruding member having an axial width and a radial height and the radial height of the protruding member is less than a radial height of the spoke. Additionally, a method of determining the vibrational characteristics of the spokes of a non-pneumatic tire and wheel assembly is included.
A system and related method for improving tire uniformity includes identifying at least one candidate process effect and a corresponding process harmonic number for each process effect. A given uniformity parameter, such as radial or lateral run-out, balance, mass variation, radial lateral or tangential force variation, is measured for each tire in a test set, such that the measurements contain tire harmonics as well as a process harmonics corresponding to each candidate process effect. Rectangular coordinate coefficients are electronically constructed for each said process harmonic, after which point the rectangular coordinates corresponding to each process harmonic are solved for (e.g., by using regression-based analysis). The magnitude of each said process harmonic is estimated, and a final magnitude estimate for each process harmonic can be determined by summarizing (e.g., by taking the average or median value) the respectively estimated magnitudes for each process harmonic across all test tires.
G06F 19/00 - Équipement ou méthodes de traitement de données ou de calcul numérique, spécialement adaptés à des applications spécifiques (spécialement adaptés à des fonctions spécifiques G06F 17/00;systèmes ou méthodes de traitement de données spécialement adaptés à des fins administratives, commerciales, financières, de gestion, de surveillance ou de prévision G06Q;informatique médicale G16H)
B29D 30/06 - Pneumatiques ou leurs parties constitutives
11.
IMPROVED WET AND SNOW TRACTION DESIGN FOR A TIRE TREAD
A novel design for a high-speed tire tread is provided that gives improved performance in both water and snow conditions. The tread region of the tire uses transversely-oriented grooves that each extend in a novel manner across the width of the tread region. There are no grooves or other tread features that provide substantial fluid communication between the transversely-oriented grooves.
B60C 11/113 - Sculptures des bandes de roulement dans lesquelles la surface en relief des sculptures est composée uniquement de projections s'étendant de façon continue au travers de la bande de roulement d'une arête à l'autre
Embodiments of the present invention include tires and other rubber articles comprising a material that is based upon a cross-linkable rubber composition, the cross-linkable rubber composition comprising, per 100 parts by weight of rubber, a tin-functionalized highly unsaturated diene rubber, between 5 phr and 30 phr of a vegetable oil, carbon black and a sulfur vulcanization system
The invention relates to a device (D) for assembling a tire blank, including: two bead-engaging systems (2) mounted opposite one another on a center shaft (3) of axis XX' and each comprising a radially movable annular seat (210) for receiving the bead of the tire blank and capable of ensuring an airtight connection between said bead and the seat, when the tire blank is installed on said seat, sealing means between the center shaft (3) and the bead-engaging systems (2), whereby the interior space defined by the tire blank and the bead-engaging systems is capable of withstanding the effects of a decrease in the prevailing pressure inside said interior space (I). Said device also includes an inner receiving surface (1), which is connected to the center shaft (3) by means capable of modifying the distance from said surface to the axis XX' of said center shaft (3), and arranged between the two bead-engaging systems (2), as well as means (4) for extracting the air contained inside the interior space so as to reduce the relative pressure inside said interior space (I).
B29D 30/32 - Pose des tringles ou des noyauxPliage des couches textiles autour des tringles ou des noyaux de tringle
B29D 30/36 - Expansion de pneumatiques à partir de la forme normale, p. ex. de pneumatiques fabriqués par le procédé du bandage à plat ou par recouvrement conjoint de deux tringles
B29D 30/20 - Fabrication des pneumatiques par le procédé du bandage à plat, c.-à-d. fabrication sur tambours cylindriques
17.
ON VEHICLE TESTING OF TIRE RESISTANCE TO SIDEWALL AGGRESSION
A method and apparatus for evaluating tire resistance to sidewall aggression is provided. More particularly, a method and apparatus are provided for evaluating the ability of a tire to avoid puncture of the sidewall when contacting an object in the roadway. Repeatability of test conditions between various tests is provided. The invention may also be used to provide quantitative data from such testing that can be used, for example, to compare the performance of different tires and/or further develop existing tire designs.
The invention relates to a tire to be mounted on a vehicle carrying heavy loads, including a tread (10) provided with a plurality of grooves having a general transverse orientation (2), said tread being characterized in that it comprises at least three rubber-based materials: a first material M1 in the middle portion of the tread, having a secant modulus at a 10% extension as measured at a temperature of 23°C of at least 4.0 MPa and hysteretic losses tan(δ)max higher than 0.19; a second material M2 on the edge portions, having a secant modulus at a 10% extension as measured at 23°C lower than that of the first material and a hysteretic loss value tan(δ)max lower than that of the first material and of at least 0.15; and a third material M3 provided radially under materials M1 and M2 and having a hysteretic loss value tan(δ)max lower than 0.12. The first material M1 further has a wear resistance at 15% higher than that of the second and third materials, the latter two materials having substantially the same wear resistance.
B60C 11/00 - Bandes de roulement des pneumatiquesSculptures des bandes de roulementPièces rapportées antidérapantes
B60C 11/04 - Sculptures des bandes de roulement dans lesquelles la surface en relief des sculptures est composée uniquement de nervures circonférentielles continues, p. ex. en zigzag
19.
INVERTER FOR DRIVING AN ELECTRIC MOTOR COMPRISING AN INTEGRATED REGULATOR
The invention relates to driving inverter comprising an alternating current generator (3) supplying a current to a terminal board (4) to be connected with the phases of an electric motor (6), a power line (20), an alternating current sensor (41, 42) on some phases powering said electric motor, a current sensor (21) on the power line, an input (52) for receiving information including at least one value of a limit current from the source and a required torque guideline, and a controller (5) driving the phase currents of the electric motor based on the torque guideline while maintaining the current in the power line at an acceptable value based on the limit current from the source. Accordingly, a maximal current can always be imposed on the current source without any risk of damaging same.
B60L 15/10 - Procédés, circuits ou dispositifs pour commander la propulsion des véhicules à traction électrique, p. ex. commande de la vitesse des moteurs de traction en vue de réaliser des performances désiréesAdaptation sur les véhicules à traction électrique de l'installation de commande à distance à partir d'un endroit fixe, de différents endroits du véhicule ou de différents véhicules d'un même train pour commande automatique superposée à la commande humaine pour limiter l'accélération du véhicule, p. ex. pour empêcher une surintensité dans le moteur
B60L 11/18 - utilisant de l'énergie fournie par des piles primaires, des piles secondaires ou des piles à combustibles
20.
TIRE FOR A VEHICLE HAVING A TREAD COMPRISING A HEAT-EXPANDABLE RUBBER COMPOSITION
The invention relates to a tire for a vehicle, in particular a winter tire, having a tread comprising a rubber composition that is heat-expandable in the non-vulcanized state and expanded in the vulcanized state, wherein said composition includes a diene elastomer such as natural rubber and/or polybutadiene, 70 to 120 pce of a reinforcing filler such as silica and/or carbon black, between 5 and 25 pce of an expanding agent such as an azodicarbonamide compound, and between 5 and 25 pce of a thermofusible compound having a fusion temperature of between 70 and 150° C, such as urea, the total content of the expanding agent and thermofusible compound being higher than 15 pce, preferably higher than 20 pce. The combined use of the two latter compounds at the recommended high levels strongly enhances the grip of the tire on melting ice.
B60C 1/00 - Pneumatiques caractérisés par la composition chimique, la disposition ou le mélange physique de la composition
C08L 9/00 - Compositions contenant des homopolymères ou des copolymères d'hydrocarbures à diènes conjugués
C08J 9/10 - Mise en œuvre de substances macromoléculaires pour produire des matériaux ou objets poreux ou alvéolairesLeur post-traitement utilisant des gaz de gonflage produits par un agent de gonflage introduit au préalable par un agent chimique de gonflage dégageant de l'azote
21.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR EVALUATING TIRE SELF-CLEANING CAPABILITY
An apparatus and method for evaluating the ability of a tire to clean its tread is provided. For example, an apparatus (100) and method for evaluating the ability of a tire to eject materials such as e.g., mud from its tread during use is provided. Samples (10) of a subject test pattern are rotated at predetermined rpm profile. A camera (170) captures the effect of centrifugal forces on the materials during rotation, which in turn may be used to compare how differences in tread patterns impact the ejection of materials (15) from the tread during use.
Methods are provided for evaluating the ability of a tire to release materials from its tread during rotation. A tire tread is rotated about an axis while images of the tread are recorded to capture the effect of centrifugal forces on materials that have been loaded into the tread. The images are then used to quantify the location of certain events during the rotation of the tire tread such as when e.g., materials first began releasing from the tread during rotation and/or the rate of such release. These events can be correlated with other variables such as the rpm, centrifugal acceleration, and/or time at which such events occurred. By comparing these quantitative results for different tread patterns, the effect of differences between tread patterns can be evaluated to develop and improve the self-cleaning ability of a tire.
Methods for evaluating tire resistance to sidewall aggression are provided, in which a damage tool contacts a test tire, while selectively varying the height and depth of the damage tool. More particularly, a drive over performance parameter is based at least in part on the measured lowest height of the damage tool at which a given type of damaging event occurs in the test tire. A sidewall strength performance parameter is based at least in part on the measured depths of the damage tool at which a given type of damaging event occurs in the test tire while the damage tool is fixed at one or more predetermined heights (k). The respective depths and heights may be measured for different types of tire features present along a tire sidewall (e.g., lugs, voids, etc.) Performance parameters obtained for one or more test tires can also be compared to reference values.
The invention relates to a tire having a radial carcass reinforcement (2), consisting of at least one layer of metal reinforcement elements (7a), said tire including a top reinforcement (5) that is in turn radially covered by a tread, said tread being joined to two beads via two sidewalls. According to the invention, at least 70 % of the metal reinforcement elements of at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement are non-spliced cables exhibiting, under the so-called perviousness test, a flow rate lower than 2 cm3/min, and at least 10 % of the metal reinforcement elements of said at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement are cables exhibiting, under the so-called perviousness test, a flow rate higher than 4 cm3/min.
B60C 9/00 - Armatures des pneumatiques ou disposition des nappes dans ces derniers
B60C 9/08 - Carcasses les fils de renforcement de chaque pli de la carcasse étant sensiblement parallèles joignant transversalement un talon à l'autre, c.-à-d. formant une nappe radiale
D07B 1/16 - Cordes ou câbles avec gaine enveloppante ou incrustations en caoutchouc ou matière plastique
25.
TIRE, THE TREAD OF WHICH COMPRISES A HYDROGENATED THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER
The present invention relates to a tire, the tread of which comprises a rubber composition comprising at least one diene elastomer such as SBR and/or BR, a reinforcing filler such as silica and/or carbon black and more than 10 pce, preferably more than 15 pce of a hydrogenated styrene thermoplastic elastomer. Said composition, having a reduced viscosity in the crude condition, allows tire treads to be obtained having reduced rolling resistance while still maintaining good grip on wet ground.
The invention relates to an assembly including a rim (J1) and a tire having beads (100) reinforced by means of a carcass frame (10) turned up about a wire (5) for forming a turn-up (20), said bead axially including outside the turn-up of the carcass frame a layer of a material defining a bead outer profile (101), said bead outer profile (101) being such that the distance A, as measured between the carcass frame (10) and the bead outer profile in the portion that can contact the edge of the rim, is as defined in formula (Z), B being the distance between the end (21) of the turn-up (20) of the carcass frame, said bead (100) including first and second profiles between the carcass frame (10) and the turn-up (20), wherein the first profile (1) extends from the bead wire and is made of a material having an extension secant modulus at a 10% elongation higher than 20 MPa, a second profile (2) is arranged in the bead such as to be in contact with a surface (30) of the first profile and the turn-up (20), said second profile (2) being made of a material having an extension secant modulus at a 10% elongation of at least 7 MPa and an extension secant modulus at a 100*% extension of at least 4.5 MPa.
The invention relates to a sintering device including a laser source having a light beam capable of selectively melting consecutive layers of metal powders, and a reference plate (4) on which the first layer of metal-powder is deposited and that is used as a base for building an object, characterized in that said plate (4) includes one or more recesses (41, 42) having a shape determined so as to make said recesses capable of receiving inserts having a given shape.
The invention relates to a tyre comprising a crown reinforcement formed of at least two dual layers (5, 7) of reinforcing elements which are parallel within a layer, distributed at a constant pitch, and crossed from one layer to the other, which do not have any free ends at their edges. According to the invention, in a radial plane, the surface density of reinforcing elements in a region delimited by the geometric centres of four reinforcing elements (12a, 12b, 13a, 13b) which are adjacent in twos, belonging in pairs to a dual layer (5, 7) and which form a quadrilateral (11), is greater at the centre of the tyre than it is at the ends of the dual layers.
B60C 9/20 - Structure ou disposition des ceintures, des couches de protection, des couronnes de renforcement ou des couches amortissantes constituées par des nappes gommées ayant chacune leurs fils disposés sensiblement en parallèle
B60C 19/00 - Autres structures ou éléments du pneumatique
29.
TIRE, THE INNER WALL OF WHICH IS PROVIDED WITH A HEAT-EXPANDABLE RUBBER LAYER
The invention relates to a tire (1), the inner wall (10) of which is provided with a rubber layer (12) that is heat-expandable when the tire is in the crude state, and expanded when the tire is in the vulcanized state. Said rubber layer, which, once expanded, is capable of reducing the running noise of said tire, comprises an elastomer composition containing at least one elastomer such as natural rubber or butyl rubber, a reinforcing filler such as silica and/or carbon black, between 10 and 80 pce of an expansion agent such as an azodicarbonamide compound and between 10 and 50 pce of a hot-melt compound, the melting temperature of which is between 70°C and 150°C, e.g. urea. The combined use of the latter two compounds, at the recommended high levels, enables a great reduction in the expansion rate and thus in the thickness of the foam rubber layer once the tire has been vulcanized, without adversely affecting the noise absorption properties provided by the expansion agent.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a masterbatch of diene elastomer and silica, comprising the following successive steps consisting in: doping the silica with an at least divalent metal element; preparing at least one dispersion of the doped silica in water; contacting and mixing a diene elastomer latex and the aqueous dispersion of doped silica, in order to obtain a coagulum; recovering the coagulum; and drying the recovered coagulum in order to obtain the masterbatch.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a masterbatch of natural rubber and silica, including the following consecutive steps: doping the silica with an at least divalent metal element; preparing at least one dispersion of the thus-doped silica in water; contacting and mixing natural field-rubber latex and the aqueous dispersion of doped silica in order to obtain a coagulum; recovering the coagulum; and drying the recovered coagulum in order to obtain the masterbatch.
The invention relates to a fuel cell (1) that can be supplied with oxygen or ambient air as an oxidising gas, said fuel cell comprising a device for filling with pressurised ambient air, comprising an air admission (126), an oxidising gas recycling loop (12R) and means of insulating the ambient air, such as an insulating valve (128), a block valve (120), or a check valve, enabling the cathode supply channel and the atmospheric air recycling loop to be insulated, in turn enabling the implementation of a stop method comprising the following actions: (i) cut-off of the fuel gas and oxidising gas supply, (ii) maintenance of a current draw so as to consume the residual oxidising gas in the system for supplying the oxidising gas, and (iii) injection of gas enriched with nitrogen into the system for supplying oxidising gas. When stopped, the fuel cell is under conditions that prevent its degradation as a result of a stoppage of internal electrochemical processes in such a way as to guarantee that a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen remains in the fuel cell once it has been stopped.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the sealed state of a fuel cell, wherein, as soon as the fuel cell is considered to be off, the sum of the pressures in the anode circuit and in the cathode circuit, amounting to P1, is read. After an additional time interval of 180 seconds, the sum of the pressures in the anode circuit and in the cathode circuit, amounting to P2, is read. If P2 is less than P1, an alarm is triggered.
The invention relates to a composite reinforcement (R-2) which can directly adhere to a diene rubber matrix, which can be used as a reinforcement element for a tire, and which comprises: one or more reinforcement wires (20), in particular a carbon-steel cable; a first layer individually covering said wire, each wire, or collectively covering a plurality of wires, said layer being made of a thermoplastic polymer, the glass transition temperature of which is positive, in particular a 6-6 polyamide; a second layer (22) covering the first layer (21) and having a composition comprising a poly(p-phenylene ether) (PPE) and a functionalized unsaturated styrene thermoplastic elastomer (TPS), the glass transition temperature of which is negative, said elastomer having functional groups selected from among epoxide, carboxyl, anhydride or acid ester groups, in particular an epoxidized SBS elastomer. The invention also relates to a method for making a composite reinforcement, and to an article or semi-finished product made of rubber, in particular a tire, including such a composite reinforcement.
B32B 5/28 - Produits stratifiés caractérisés par l'hétérogénéité ou la structure physique d'une des couches caractérisés par la présence de plusieurs couches qui comportent des fibres, filaments, grains ou poudre, ou qui sont sous forme de mousse ou essentiellement poreuses une des couches étant fibreuse ou filamenteuse imprégnée de matière plastique ou enrobée dans une matière plastique
The invention relates to a method for preparing a masterbatch of synthetic diene elastomer and silica, comprising the following successive steps consisting in: doping the silica with an at least divalent metal element; preparing at least one dispersion of the doped silica in water; contacting and mixing a synthetic diene elastomer latex and the aqueous dispersion of doped silica, in order to obtain a coagulum; recovering the coagulum; and drying the recovered coagulum in order to obtain the masterbatch.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the permeability state of the ion exchanger polymer membrane of a fuel cell, wherein, as soon as the pressure difference in the anode and cathode circuits falls to a value lower than a threshold value Ps, the pressure variation in said circuits over a pre-determined period of time tc is measured, the value of the pressure difference in said circuits after a pre-determined amount of time, called control pressure value Pc, is calculated, and an alert is made when the control pressure Pc is lower than an alert threshold PA.
A tire with a shoulder groove that has an asymmetric bottom is provided and, more particularly, a tire is provided having a shoulder groove that includes features at the bottom of the groove that help reduce stress and alleviate cracking from tire operation. The reduction is accomplished without the addition of material to the groove bottom.
B60C 11/13 - Sculptures des bandes de roulement caractérisées par la section transversale de la rainure, p. ex. pour étayer les parois, ou pour empêcher le coincement de pierres
The invention relates to a vulcanizing press comprising two plates (3, 5) capable of assuming a proximal position in which said plates (3, 5) close a mold (11) in order to give a predetermined shape to a tire, and a distal position in which the mold is opened, at least one bore (27) formed in one of said plates (3, 5) of said supporting plate, the diameter of said bore being predetermined so as to allow a spindle (25) head (29) to pass through. The vulcanizing press (1) further includes a locking/unlocking device (33) comprising a first abutment (35a) movable between a rest position and an operative position in which said abutment is inserted between the head (29) of the spindle (25) and the supporting plate (3, 5) in order to hold said spindle (25) inside the bore (27), the tail (31) of said spindle (25) being attached to the mold.
A method is provided for reinforcement of a multiple layer shear band as may be used in a non-pneumatic tire More particularly, an iterative method of improving the performance characteristics (such as e g, increasing the bending stiffness) of a shear band without increasing its thickness or of reducing the thickness of a shear band while maintaining its performance characteristics is presented Shear bands constructed according to this method are also provided
The present invention relates to rubber compositions used in particular for making treads for tires, mainly those having a low rolling resistance. The invention more particularly relates to reinforced rubber compositions containing at least (a) one functionalized diene elastomer selected from elastomers functionalized at the chain end, bonded or of the star-type by means of a group comprising a polar function including at least one oxygen atom, and the block elastomers including at least one polar block, (b) glycerol, and (c) a reinforcing filler that is preferably and mainly inorganic.
B60C 1/00 - Pneumatiques caractérisés par la composition chimique, la disposition ou le mélange physique de la composition
C08C 19/44 - Addition d'un réactif qui réagit avec un hétéro-atome ou un groupe contenant des hétéro-atomes de la macromolécule réagissant avec des métaux ou des groupes contenant des atomes métalliques de polymères contenant des atomes métalliques exclusivement à l'une ou aux deux extrémités du squelette
The present invention relates to a rubber composition containing at least one elastomeric matrix including an epoxidised synthetic rubber (ESR) having an epoxy function content of 7% to 25%, a reinforcing filler, wherein at least 50 wt % of the reinforcing filler consists of an inorganic filler and a plasticizing agent including a polar liquid plasticizer for manufacturing a tire tread having an improved trade-off between wet ground adhesion and rolling resistance properties.
The invention relates to a rubber composition particularly suitable for tires, and containing at least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler, a cross-linking system, between 1 and 20 pce of an epoxide resin and between 1 and 15 pce of an amine hardener. The epoxide resin and amine hardener pair advantageously replaces the pair comprising methylene-acceptor formo-phenolic resin and traditional methylene-donor HMT or M3M hardener(s). The use of said reagent pair comprising an epoxide resin and an amine hardener makes it possible to obtain rubber compositions having a higher rigidity at low deformation relative to traditional rubber compositions without noticeably degrading hysteresis. Moreover, the combination of a methylene-acceptor phenolic resin with methylene-donor HMT or 1H3M generates formaldehyde during the vulcanization of the rubber composition, and it is desirable to reduce or even eventually suppress formaldehyde in rubber compositions due to the environmental impact of said compounds.
The invention relates to a method for detecting and evaluating protrusions that appear on cables leaving a twisting/rubber-coating process, comprising the digital processing of an image of a cable layer formed by a number of turns wound around the core of a spool (4). The method comprises the following steps: A) linear camera (1) is used to take a raw digital image of the surface of the cable layer over one complete turn of the spool, B) the raw image is displayed flat so as to limit the influence of variations in the lighting and brightness of the wires, C) the flat image is segmented so as to reveal the dark areas containing protruding areas, D) the segmented image is processed using a series of morphological processing operations in order to separate and select the shapes likely to represent protrusions and areas likely to represent shadows, and E) an evaluation value is assigned to the final image obtained and the evaluation value is compared with a threshold value.
The invention relates to a tire having a radial casing reinforcement, consisting of at least one layer of metal reinforcement elements, said tire including a top reinforcement (5), itself radially covered with a tread (6), said tread being joined to two beads (3) via two sidewalls. According to the invention, the metal reinforcement elements of at least one layer of the casing reinforcement (2) are non-reinforced cables having, in the so-called perviousness test, a displacement of less than 20 cm3/mn, and in a radial plane, at least on a portion of the meridional profile of the tire, the rubber mixture thickness (E) between the inner surface of the tire cavity and the point of a metal reinforcement element of the casing reinforcement nearest to said inner surface of the cavity is less than or equal to 3.5 mm, and the rubber mixture thickness ratio between the inner surface of the tire cavity and the point of a metal reinforcement element of the casing reinforcement nearest said inner surface of the cavity of two separate portions of the tire is greater than 1.15.
B60C 9/00 - Armatures des pneumatiques ou disposition des nappes dans ces derniers
B60C 9/08 - Carcasses les fils de renforcement de chaque pli de la carcasse étant sensiblement parallèles joignant transversalement un talon à l'autre, c.-à-d. formant une nappe radiale
B60C 5/14 - Pneumatiques ou chambres intérieures gonflables sans éléments internes gonflables distincts, p. ex. pneumatiques sans chambre à air dont la section transversale est ouverte sur la jante avec chemise ou revêtement imperméable sur la paroi intérieure du pneumatique
The invention relates to a rubber composition for producing tyres, based on at least one dienic elastomer, at least one reinforcing load, and a vulcanisation system, characterised in that said vulcanisation system comprises at least one 1, 2, 4-triazine compound of formula (I).
B60C 1/00 - Pneumatiques caractérisés par la composition chimique, la disposition ou le mélange physique de la composition
C07D 253/02 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant des cycles à six chaînons comportant trois atomes d'azote comme uniques hétéro-atomes du cycle, non prévus par le groupe non condensés avec d'autres cycles
C08K 5/43 - Composés contenant du soufre lié à l'azote
The invention relates to a rubber composition for the manufacture of tyres, based on a blend of at least one diene elastomer chosen from natural rubber and synthetic polyisoprene and of one or more diene elastomer(s) chosen from the group consisting of polybutadienes, butadiene copolymers and isoprene copolymers, on one or more reinforcing fillers and on a vulcanization system, said vulcanization system comprising one or more thiazoline compound(s) of formula (I).
The present invention relates to a specific functionalized diene elastomer. Said functionalized elastomer has a reduced cold flow without weakening the properties of a reinforced rubber composition containing same, in particular the implementation properties and hysteretic properties. Said functionalized diene elastomer has, at a chain end, a silanol function or a polysiloxane block having a silanol end and is partially coupled or studded with tin.
C08C 19/25 - Incorporation d'atomes de silicium dans la molécule
C08C 19/44 - Addition d'un réactif qui réagit avec un hétéro-atome ou un groupe contenant des hétéro-atomes de la macromolécule réagissant avec des métaux ou des groupes contenant des atomes métalliques de polymères contenant des atomes métalliques exclusivement à l'une ou aux deux extrémités du squelette
C08L 19/00 - Compositions contenant des caoutchoucs non prévues dans les groupes
The invention relates to a rubber composition for producing tyres, based on at least one dienic elastomer, at least one reinforcing load, and a vulcanisation system, said vulcanisation system comprising at least one thiazole compound of formula (I).
C07D 253/07 - Triazines-1, 2, 4 comportant trois liaisons doubles entre chaînons cycliques ou entre chaînons cycliques et chaînons non cycliques avec des hétéro-atomes ou des atomes de carbone comportant trois liaisons à des hétéro-atomes, avec au plus une liaison à un halogène, p. ex. radicaux ester ou nitrile, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle
C07D 285/125 - Thiadiazoles-1, 3, 4Thiadiazoles-1, 3, 4 hydrogénés avec des atomes d'oxygène, de soufre ou d'azote, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle, les atomes d'azote ne faisant pas partie d'un radical nitro
C08J 3/24 - Réticulation, p. ex. vulcanisation, de macromolécules
The invention relates to a rubber composition for producing tyres, based on at least one dienic elastomer, at least one reinforcing load, and a vulcanisation system, characterised in that said vulcanisation system comprises at least one thiadiazole compound of formula (I).
Apparatus and method for tire temperature measurement is disclosed. The apparatus includes a thermocouple having a measurement junction and a pair of first and second conductive leads. The measurement junction is mounted in a passage provided in the tire. The pair of first and second conductive leads extend through the passage in the tire and exit the tire at an interface. A patch is mounted to the tire at the interface. The pair of first and second conductive leads extend from the interface into a passage provided in the patch. The first and second conductive leads are surrounded by the patch at the interface where the first and second conductive leads exit the surface of the tire.
An electronic patch comprising a patch body composed of a cured rubber composition and having an electronics component mounted thereto, the patch body comprising a bottom surface for bonding the electronics patch to an article. Also included is an adhesive layer of an uncured rubber composition applied to the patch bottom surface, wherein the adhesive layer is no more than 0.3 mm thick and is curable between 18 °C and 26 °C over 20 hours and 48 hours. A removable protective film may be applied to a bonding surface of the adhesive layer, wherein the protective film is removed prior to applying the patch to the article. A method is provided, including applying a vulcanizing agent to an interior surface of the tire and applying the electronics patch over the vulcanizing agent, wherein the protective film on the patch is removed prior to applying the electronics patch to the tire.
Tyre comprising: two beads intended to come into contact with a mounting rim; two sidewalls extending the beads radially outward, the two sidewalls joining in a crown comprising a crown reinforcement extending axially between two axial ends and surmounted by a tread; and a carcass reinforcement anchored in the two beads and extending through the sidewalls to the crown, wherein the crown includes, radially to the inside of the carcass reinforcement, at least one reservoir layer made of a rubber mix having a high antioxidant content, so that at least one reservoir layer is radially plumb with each axial end of the crown reinforcement, wherein said at least one reservoir layer has an antioxidant content equal to or greater than 5 phr but does not exceed 10 phr, and wherein said at least one reservoir layer further includes an oxygen absorbent.
B60C 1/00 - Pneumatiques caractérisés par la composition chimique, la disposition ou le mélange physique de la composition
B60C 5/14 - Pneumatiques ou chambres intérieures gonflables sans éléments internes gonflables distincts, p. ex. pneumatiques sans chambre à air dont la section transversale est ouverte sur la jante avec chemise ou revêtement imperméable sur la paroi intérieure du pneumatique
The invention relates to a tread (10) including at least two wearing courses provided with at least one continuous groove (2) including a plurality of outer cavities (21) leading onto the running surface in the new condition, and a plurality of inner cavities (22) positioned radially and entirely inside the running surface in the new condition, each outer cavity (21) of a continuous groove (2) being connected to at least two inner cavities (22) of the same groove by connecting channels (23) ensuring the continuity between said inner and outer cavities, said tread further including a plurality of scorings (30) opening out onto the rolling surface of the tread in the new condition, each of said scorings connecting two consecutive outer cavities of a single groove and at least two connecting channels and at least one inner cavity.
The invention relates to a pressure-measuring member (12) comprising: a pressure-measuring surface (106) functionally connected to a test body (96); a sealed pressure-measuring housing (100) in which the test body (96) is placed, whereby the pressure-measuring surface (106) is borne by a deformable wall (104) of the sealed pressure-measuring housing (100) that extends at a distance from the test body and the housing (100) defines an internal space (E); means (110) for transmitting the pressure between the pressure-measuring surface (106) and the test body (96), comprising a substantially incompressible material (136) that occupies all of the internal space (E); and energy storage means (101) and means (99) for processing the pressure detected by the test body (96), provided in the sealed housing (100).
G01L 9/00 - Mesure de la pression permanente, ou quasi permanente d’un fluide ou d’un matériau solide fluent par des éléments électriques ou magnétiques sensibles à la pressionTransmission ou indication par des moyens électriques ou magnétiques du déplacement des éléments mécaniques sensibles à la pression, utilisés pour mesurer la pression permanente ou quasi permanente d’un fluide ou d’un matériau solide fluent
G01L 19/08 - Moyens pour l'indication ou l'enregistrement, p. ex. pour l'indication à distance
G01L 17/00 - Dispositifs ou appareils pour mesurer la pression des pneumatiques ou la pression dans d'autres corps gonflés
57.
ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR, SUCH AS A FUEL CELL OR AN ELECTROLYZER, PROVIDED WITH A DEVICE FOR MEASURING A PARAMETER OF A GAS SPECIFIC TO THE OPERATION OF SAID REACTOR
The invention relates to an electrochemical reactor, such as a fuel cell or an electrolyzer, comprising: a stack (22) of electrochemical cells (25), each of which includes at least one electrode plate (108-1) having a surface electrically contacting an electrolyte; at least one tube (24) connected to said surface of each of the cells in a circuit for exchanging a gas with the outside of the stack; a sensor (11) sensitive to the composition of said gas in the circuit; and at least one member for tracking or monitoring the operating status of said reactor in accordance with the measurements of said sensor. The stack (22) of cells and the tube (24) form a unitary reactor body (15) that includes at least one chamber (20) built into said body and in communication with said tube. The gas composition sensor (11) is mounted in said unitary body and includes a sensitive unit (30) directly exposed to the in situ concentration of a component of said gas in said chamber (20).
H01M 8/04 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides
G01N 25/18 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de moyens thermiques en recherchant la conductivité thermique
C25B 1/10 - Production électrolytique de composés inorganiques ou de non-métaux d'hydrogène ou d'oxygène par électrolyse de l'eau dans des cellules à diaphragme
C25B 15/02 - Commande ou régulation des opérations
H01M 8/24 - Groupement d'éléments à combustible, p. ex. empilement d'éléments à combustible
The invention relates to a braking device which includes a dissipative braking system (1), an electric braking system (2), and a first actuator (11), combined with the dissipative braking system. The device according to the invention also includes a second actuator (21) combined with the electric braking system (2), and a position sensor (3) combined with the second actuator (21), said second actuator (21) being designed to drive the first actuator (11) after non-zero travel from the inactive position thereof, and the sensor (3) being designed to drive the electric braking system according to the travel of the second actuator (21) from the inactive position thereof.
The invention relates to a tire having a visible surface comprising patterns defining a contrast relative to said surface, said pattern including, on the entire surface thereof, a plurality of strands (21) with a density of at least five strands per mm2, or a plurality of blades (22) which are substantially parallel to one another and arranged according to a pitch lower than 0.5 mm, each strand having a mean cross-section, the diameter of which is between 0.03 and 0.5 mm, or each blade having a mean length of between 0.03 and 0.6 mm, characterized in that the walls of the strands (21) or the blades have, on at least a quarter of the surface thereof, a mean roughness Rz of between 5 μm and 30 μm.
The invention relates to a tire including a built-in self-sealing layer comprising an outer rubber tread, a carcass reinforcement, a gastight layer arranged inwardly relative to the carcass reinforcement, an innermost protective layer, and a self-sealing layer adjacent to the protective layer and arranged inwardly relative to the gastight layer, characterized in that said protective layer is a chlorinated thermoplastic polymer film.
B29C 73/16 - Dispositions ou agents d'autoréparation ou d'auto-obturation des perforations
B60C 5/14 - Pneumatiques ou chambres intérieures gonflables sans éléments internes gonflables distincts, p. ex. pneumatiques sans chambre à air dont la section transversale est ouverte sur la jante avec chemise ou revêtement imperméable sur la paroi intérieure du pneumatique
B60C 19/12 - Dispositifs pour empêcher les perforations
The invention relates to a data processing method for determining the drift values (δ,δ') of at least one tire (21, 22), said tire belonging to a vehicle (1) comprising at least two wheels including at least two GPS antennas and means for determining roll values of said vehicle. The method includes, for various positions of the vehicle on a track, a step of determining coordinates of the GPS antennas, a step of determining the roll values of the vehicle, a step of determining different contact points (29, 31) between the tire and the track from the coordinates of at least one of said GPS antennas and from various roll values of the vehicle, said contact points defining a path (39, 41) of the tire on the track. The processing method further includes a step of determining a tangent (43, 45) to the path of the tire at at least one contact point from among said contact points, a step of determining, from coordinates of the GPS antenna, an orientation of a wheel plane (33, 35) associated with the tire, and a step of determining a drift value from the tangent and from the orientation of the wheel plane.
The present invention relates to a rubber composition, usable in particular in tires, consisting of at least one diene elastomer, reinforcing filler, a cross-linking system, a phenolic resin, and a polyaldehyde. The use of a polyaldehyde makes it possible to advantageously replace conventional methylene donors while avoiding the production of formaldehyde during the vulcanization of the rubber compositions, thus reducing the environmental impact of said compounds. Furthermore, said polyaldehyde compounds not only enable the production of rubber compositions having the same low-deformation rigidity as conventional rubber compositions using HMT or H3M methylene donors, but also surprisingly make it possible to greatly improve the fatigue strength of the rubber compositions and thus the durability of tires.
C08L 21/00 - Compositions contenant des caoutchoucs non spécifiés
B60C 1/00 - Pneumatiques caractérisés par la composition chimique, la disposition ou le mélange physique de la composition
C08L 61/06 - Polymères de condensation obtenus uniquement à partir d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des phénols d'aldéhydes avec des phénols
C08L 61/12 - Polymères de condensation obtenus uniquement à partir d'aldéhydes ou de cétones avec des phénols d'aldéhydes avec des phénols avec des phénols polyhydriques
63.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EMBEDDING WIRES IN A RUBBER PROFILE SECTION
The invention relates to a device for embedding a wire (F) in a rubber profile section (P) in a given direction, including: a means (4) for continuously feeding the wire, arranged on a frame attached to a mobile mounting (2) capable of moving on a frame (1), with a rectilinear reciprocating movement, between a raised position and a lowered position, and comprising an apex (21) and a base (22), between which a duct (25) for guiding the wire (F) is provided; a hollow needle (5) comprising a channel (53) in which said wire (F) is capable of moving, and attached, at one of the ends (51) thereof, to the base (22) of the mobile mounting (2) and extending away from the duct (25), and comprising, at the other end thereof, a tip (52) capable of penetrating into said rubber profile section (P); and a cutting means (3) arranged on the frame (1), comprising a rotary blade (30) including a cutting wire (34) capable of, when the needle is in the raised position, cutting the wire (F) at a given distance (d) from the tip of the needle at each reciprocating movement cycle of the needle. The cutting means comprising a paddle (32) disposed behind the cutting wire (34) of the blade, and conceived to fold the primer around the tip (52) of the needle immediately after the wire is cut by the blade (30).
B29D 30/66 - Moulage des chapes sur les carcasses de pneumatiques, p. ex. chapes antidérapantes avec des pointes
B29C 70/88 - Façonnage de matières composites, c.-à-d. de matières plastiques comprenant des renforcements, des matières de remplissage ou des parties préformées, p. ex. des inserts caractérisées principalement par des propriétés spécifiques, p. ex. électriquement conductrices ou renforcées localement
B29C 70/54 - Parties constitutives, détails ou accessoiresOpérations auxiliaires
64.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE DEPTH OF A METAL FEATURE IN A RUBBER OR ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL
A method and apparatus for determining the depth of a metal feature in a rubber or elastomeric material is provided. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for determining the depth of e.g., a metal cable in a tire. A sensor that changes state within range of the metal feature is used to determine the depth of such feature in the material without the necessity of deconstructing the material.
E01C 23/00 - Dispositifs ou dispositions auxiliaires pour la construction, la réparation, la remise en état ou la dépose de routes ou de surfaces similaires
A method and apparatus for tread de-molding is provided and, more particularly, a method and apparatus for removing a tread element such as e.g., a tread belt from a mold is provided. The apparatus may be inserted between upper and lower mold elements to allow for removal of a tread element from a mold. The apparatus may be adjustable for height.
B28B 1/38 - Fabrication d'objets façonnés à partir du matériau en appliquant le matériau sur un noyau ou une autre surface de moulage pour former une couche sur celle-ci par trempage
A non-pneumatic wheel assembly is provided. More particularly, a non-pneumatic wheel assembly is provided having a removable hub i.e., a hub that may be separated from the remainder of the wheel assembly. The hub may be reused and other portions of the non-pneumatic wheel assembly replaced as needed. In addition, the hub may be constructed from a different material than used for other portions of the non-pneumatic wheel.
A device and method for manufacturing features into the tread of a tire are provided. The device and method provide for manufacturing tread features of various shapes and sizes. The tread features may be recessed, protruding, or flush with respect to the surrounding tread surface. The device and method may be used for both new tire constructions as well as retreading operations.
The invention relates to a method for predicting at least one physical interaction effect between a tire and a surface course (12), comprising: plotting an actual profile (16) of the surface course (12); cutting the actual profile (16) into a plurality of strata, each stratum corresponding to one section of the actual profile (16); determining at least one variation law for at least one descriptor of the surface course (12) from the actual profile (16), in accordance with the section of the actual profile (16); determining, for each variation law, a so-called interaction value of each descriptor at a so-called interaction value of the section; and predicting a value of the physical interaction effect from an interaction value of at least one descriptor.
The invention relates to a storage and handling device, comprising at least one pair of rollers (11), the axes (rr') of which are parallel to each other and which are arranged at a distance so as to be able to support a substantially cylindrical casing (2) of a tire during manufacture, wherein said rollers (11) are mounted on a frame (12), and are rotated in one direction (R) about the respective axes (rr') thereof. One of the rollers (11) of said pair has a radial profile with a generally sinusoidal shape comprising a series of peaks and dips, and the other roller of said pair has a generally cylindrical profile.
B65G 17/24 - Transporteurs comportant un élément de traction sans fin, p. ex. une chaîne transmettant le mouvement à une surface porteuse de charges continue ou sensiblement continue, ou à une série de porte-charges individuelsTransporteurs à chaîne sans fin dans lesquels des chaînes constituent la surface portant la charge comportant une série de rouleaux que l'élément de traction déplace sur une surface portante pour effectuer le transport des charges ou des porte-charges
B29D 30/00 - Fabrication de pneumatiques, de bandages pleins ou de leurs parties constitutives
70.
PNEUMATIC OBJECT PROVIDED WITH A GASTIGHT LAYER CONTAINING A THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER AND A LAMINAR FILLER
The invention relates to a pneumatic object provided with an inflation gastight layer that, said layer comprising an elastomer composition including at least, as the only elastomer or the predominant elastomer by weight, a thermoplastic styrene elastomer ("TPS") and a laminar filler, characterized in that the laminar filler has an equivalent diameter (Dv(0, 5)) of between 20 and 45 micrometers and in that the laminar filler has a form factor (F) of greater than 65.
C08L 53/00 - Compositions contenant des copolymères séquencés possédant au moins une séquence d'un polymère obtenu par des réactions ne faisant intervenir que des liaisons non saturées carbone-carboneCompositions contenant des dérivés de tels polymères
B60C 1/00 - Pneumatiques caractérisés par la composition chimique, la disposition ou le mélange physique de la composition
During the method for predicting the noise of a tire running on pavement (12): an actual profile (16) of the pavement (12) is detected; at least one value of at least one descriptor of the pavement (12) is determined on the basis of the actual profile (16); a prediction rule for the tire running noise B, where B = g(V1, ,Vn), is used, where V1, ,Vn are values for descriptors D1, ,Dn of the pavement (12), where 1≤n≤2, and D1 is a number of indenters that are characteristic of the pavement, and D2 is a dimension of indenters that are characteristic of the pavement.
B60C 11/00 - Bandes de roulement des pneumatiquesSculptures des bandes de roulementPièces rapportées antidérapantes
B60C 19/00 - Autres structures ou éléments du pneumatique
G01H 17/00 - Mesure des vibrations mécaniques ou des ondes ultrasonores, sonores ou infrasonores non prévue dans les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
72.
VEHICLE COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO AXLES AND METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTING THE LOAD BETWEEN SAID AT LEAST TWO AXLES
The invention relates to a vehicle (3) comprising at least two axles (6, 7, 8) provided with at least two tires, the rotational axes of which are permanently parallel to each other, from one axle to the other. According to the invention, each axle (6, 7, 8) supports at least 10% of the load of the vehicle and at least two axles (6, 7, 8) support different loads during haulage. The invention further relates to a method for distributing the load between said two axles.
B60C 19/00 - Autres structures ou éléments du pneumatique
B62D 61/12 - Véhicules à moteur ou remorques, caractérisés par la disposition ou le nombre de roues et non prévus ailleurs, p. ex. quatre roues disposées en losange avec un nombre variable de roues en contact avec le sol, p. ex. avec certaines roues disposées plus haut que les autres ou avec des roues rétractables
The invention relates to a vehicle (3) comprising at least two axles (6, 7, 8) provided with at least two tires, the rotational axis of which are permanently parallel to each other, from one axle to the other. According to the invention, the tires of at least one axle (7) have a higher deflection rigidity than that of the tires of the other axle (6, 8).
The invention relates to a composite reinforcement (R-2) suitable for directly adhering to a diene rubber die, which can be used as a reinforcing element for a tire, comprising: one or more reinforcement wire(s) (20), for example a carbon steel cable; a first layer (21) of a thermoplastic polymer having a positive glass-transition temperature, for example a 6-6 polyamide, covering said wire(s); a second layer (22), comprising a thermoplastic unsaturated styrene elastomer ("TPS") having a negative glass-transition temperature, for example an SB (styrene-butadiene) or SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) block copolymer, as well as a poly(p-phenylene ether) ("PPE"), covering the first layer (21). The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a composite reinforcement and to a semi-finished rubber article or product, in particular a tire, including such a composite reinforcement.
B29C 70/16 - Façonnage de matières composites, c.-à-d. de matières plastiques comprenant des renforcements, des matières de remplissage ou des parties préformées, p. ex. des inserts comprenant uniquement des renforcements, p. ex. matières plastiques auto-renforçantes des renforcements fibreux uniquement caractérisées par la structure des renforcements fibreux utilisant des fibres de grande longueur, ou des fibres continues
B60C 9/18 - Structure ou disposition des ceintures, des couches de protection, des couronnes de renforcement ou des couches amortissantes
B29D 30/48 - Tringles ou noyaux à talonsLeur traitement avant la fabrication du pneumatique
B29D 30/38 - Entoilages de pneumatiques, p. ex. couches de cordes ou de toilesTraitement des agents de renforcement avant la fabrication des pneumatiques
B60C 9/20 - Structure ou disposition des ceintures, des couches de protection, des couronnes de renforcement ou des couches amortissantes constituées par des nappes gommées ayant chacune leurs fils disposés sensiblement en parallèle
75.
TYRE FOR HEAVY GOODS VEHICLE HAVING A REINFORCED BEAD
Tyre (10) for a heavy goods vehicle comprising a radial carcass reinforcement (60) anchored in each of the beads (50) to an anchoring structure (700), comprising a circumferential reinforcement (70), the carcass reinforcement (60) being partially wrapped around the anchoring structure (700), the tyre (10) also comprising a coupling reinforcement (150) comprising a first part (151) in contact with the carcass reinforcement (60) and being extended by a second part (152) in contact with the anchoring structure (700) as far as a point (157) radially on the outside of the anchoring structure (700), located axially between the axially innermost point (702) and the axially outermost point (704) of the anchoring structure (700), the tyre (10) also comprising a stiffening reinforcement (160) surrounding the coupling reinforcement (150) and running radially on the inside of the anchoring structure (700) and of the coupling reinforcement (150), in which the axially outside end point (166) of said stiffening reinforcement (160) is located at a radial distance DR from the radially innermost point (73) of the circumferential reinforcement (70), the radial distance DR being greater than or equal to 0.8 times the radial distance DS between the radially innermost and radially outermost points (71, 73) of the circumferential reinforcement (70) and less than or equal to 1.2 times the radial distance DS.
Tyre (10) for a heavy goods vehicle comprising a radial carcass reinforcement (60) anchored in each of the beads (50) to an anchoring structure (700), comprising a circumferential reinforcement (70), the carcass reinforcement (60) being partially wrapped around the anchoring structure (700), the tyre (10) also comprising a coupling reinforcement (150) comprising a first part (151) in contact with the carcass reinforcement (60) and being extended by a second part (152) in contact with the anchoring structure (700) as far as a point (157) radially on the outside of the anchoring structure (700), located axially between the axially innermost point (702) and the axially outermost point (704) of the anchoring structure (700), the tyre (10) also comprising a stiffening reinforcement (160) surrounding the coupling reinforcement (150) and running radially on the inside of the anchoring structure (700) and of the coupling reinforcement (150), wherein the axially outside end point (166) of said stiffening reinforcement (160) is located at a radial distance DR from the radially innermost point (73) of the circumferential reinforcement (70), the radial distance DR being greater than or equal to 0.2 times and less than or equal to 0.6 times the distance DC between the radially outermost and radially innermost points (62, 63) of the carcass reinforcement, and wherein, radially on the outside of the anchoring structure (700), the minimum distance DT between the axially external portion (162) of the stiffening reinforcement (160) and the carcass reinforcement (60) is greater than or equal to 2 mm.
The invention relates to a pneumatic tyre with a built-in self-sealing ply (11) comprising an external rubbery tyre tread (9), a carcass reinforcement (7), a gas-tight ply (10) placed on the inside of the carcass reinforcement, a protective ply (12) forming the innermost layer and a self-sealing ply (11) adjacent to the protective ply and placed on the inside of the gas-tight ply, said protective ply being a thermoplastic film comprising a copolymer with rigid blocks and flexible blocks with the formula: -(BR-BS)n- where: BR is a rigid block made up of a polyamide or a mixture of polyamides; BS is a flexible block made up of a polyether, a mixture of polyethers or a polyether-polyester copolymer; and n is the number of units (BR-BS) of said block copolymer; such as, for example, a poly(ether-block-amide) copolymer.
The invention relates in particular to a method for manufacturing an inner rotor for a rotary electric machine, the rotor including a plurality of polar parts surrounding a shaft, each polar part being made of a stack of metal sheets (3) made of a magnetic material, the polar parts delimiting recesses for permanent magnets therebetween, said method including the consecutive steps of: cutting blanks (33), each grouping n metal sheets (3) together, "n" being the pole number of the rotor, the n metal sheets in a blank being kept rigidly connected by temporary bridges (35) straddling the recesses, each of at least two bridges comprising an outer lug (36); stacking the blanks while keeping the same aligned using the outer lugs; immobilizing the stack of blanks; and excising all the temporary bridges in order to enable the radial access to the recesses.
H02K 15/03 - Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication, l'assemblage, l'entretien ou la réparation des machines dynamo-électriques des corps statoriques ou rotoriques comportant des aimants permanents
H02K 1/27 - Noyaux rotoriques à aimants permanents
H02K 15/02 - Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication, l'assemblage, l'entretien ou la réparation des machines dynamo-électriques des corps statoriques ou rotoriques
The invention relates to a tire having a built-in self-sealing layer, comprising an outer rubbery tread (9), a carcass reinforcement (7), a gastight layer (10) inwardly arranged relative to the carcass reinforcement, a separable protective layer (12) arranged the most inwardly and a self-sealing layer (11) adjacent to the separable protective layer and inwardly arranged relative to the gastight layer, said separable protective layer being a thermoplastic film comprising at least one fluorinated polymer.
The invention relates to a pneumatic object provided with a layer that is sealed to inflation gas, said layer comprising an elastomer composition including, either as the only elastomer or as a majority of elastomer by weight, at least one block thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and a lamellar charge, characterized in that the block thermoplastic elastomer comprises: a polyisobutylene block that has a mean molecular weight of 25,000 g/mol to 350,000 g/mol, and a glass transition temperature of less than or equal to -20°C; and, at at least one of the ends of the polyisobutylene block, a thermoplastic block consisting of at least one polymerized monomer other than a styrene monomer, the glass transition temperature of which is greater than or equal to 100°C; and in that the lamellar filler has an equivalent diameter (Dv(0,5)) of between 15 and 60 micrometers and a shape factor (F) of more than 65.
C08L 53/00 - Compositions contenant des copolymères séquencés possédant au moins une séquence d'un polymère obtenu par des réactions ne faisant intervenir que des liaisons non saturées carbone-carboneCompositions contenant des dérivés de tels polymères
B60C 1/00 - Pneumatiques caractérisés par la composition chimique, la disposition ou le mélange physique de la composition
A method of improving tire tread noise is provided. The method allows the identification of locations where the tread pattern should be particularly modified in order to optimize the level of noise created by the tread during tire operation. Variations in a defined parameter, contact length ratio, are used to determine one or more locations in the tread pattern where modification for noise reduction can be made. The type of modifications needed can also be indicated.
The invention relates to a tyre comprising a crown, two sidewalls and two beads, of the type comprising on the surface thereof at least one area for attaching a member, in which the tyre includes, opposite said attachment area, a mounting base (20) made up of reinforcement fibres embedded in a rubber mixture. The tyre comprises a rubber mass, referred to as the inner liner (33), delimited by an inner surface in contact with the air inside the tyre, and an outer surface in contact with an adjacent rubber mass. Said tyre is such that the mounting base (20) is arranged at the interface between said inner liner (33) and the adjacent rubber mass.
The invention relates to a reinforced rubber composition, displaying improved hysteresis, made from at least (a) an elastomer matrix mainly made from natural rubber, (b) a reinforcing filler, (c) a small proportion of a specific polyimine compound, preferably 1 to 5 mmol per 100 g of elastomer. Said rubber composition is intended, for example, for the production of a semi-finished rubber product intended for automobile tyres.
Reinforced rubber composition exhibiting lower hysteresis degradation over time, based on at least (a) an elastomer matrix predominantly based on natural rubber, (b) a reinforcing filler, (c) a specific polyimine compound at a content of between 6 and 20 mmol per hundred grams of elastomer. This rubber composition is intended for example for the manufacture of a semi-finished rubber product intended for motor vehicle tyres.
Reinforced rubber composition exhibiting improved hysteresis, based on at least (a) an elastomer matrix predominantly based on natural rubber, (b) a reinforcing filler, (c) a specific polyamine compound at a content ranging from 0 to 7 mmol per 100 grams of elastomer. Said rubber composition is used for manufacturing a semi-finished rubber product for motor vehicle tyres, for example.
A tire mountable apparatus and a method of fabricating a tire mountable apparatus is disclosed. The tire mountable apparatus includes a first layer, a second layer and a middle layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The tire mountable apparatus further includes an electrical device embedded in the middle layer of the tire mountable apparatus. The middle layer of the tire mountable apparatus completely surrounds the electrical device and is formed from a potting compound, The potting compound does not require exposure to heat, air, moisture, or light to cure and does not require solvent evaporation or outgassing of reaction products to cure. The tire mountable apparatus may be constructed by curing the potting compound between the first layer and the second layer.
Included are tread bands for use on retreaded tires and methods for retreading a tire using such tread bands. Embodiments of such tread bands include a primary groove having a top opening that is open to a ground contacting front face of the tread band and a secondary groove having a bottom opening that is open to a back face of the tread band. The groove top of the secondary groove is higher than a groove bottom of the primary groove so that the secondary groove top is opened to the ground contacting front face of the tread band prior to disappearance by wear of the primary groove. Particular embodiments may also further include an overflow reservoir having a reservoir opening that is open to the back face of the tread band, the reservoir opening being positioned adjacent to an edge of the secondary groove bottom opening.
A system and method for reducing the magnitude of multiple harmonics of one or more uniformity parameters in a cured tire involves selective removal of tire material at one or more track/area locations along first and second bead profiles. Selective removal may occur via ablation at the bead seat, low flange and/or high flange zones to correct for a selected number of harmonics of such parameters as radial, lateral and tangential force variation. Ablation patterns are calculated and implemented on first and second tire beads to achieve desired levels of force reduction at selected angular locations (within the expanse from 0-360 degrees along each tire bead). Ablation patterns may be calculated for implementation at fixed or varied tire rotational speeds and/or fixed or varied levels of laser power.
A method of improving the snow traction and off-road performances of a tire and tire constructed according to such method are provided. More specifically, a method is provided for constructing the tread of a tire into inner and outer portions by extending a connecting sipe from the free edge- of a tread feature that, connects to an inner sipe that surrounds a boss or projection within the tread feature. In some eases, this geometry is further optimized by designing She inner and outer portions of the tread feature so that they experience different radial deformations under operating conditions so as to improve snow traction and other performance features. The present invention further relates to a tire having such tread constructions.
A method of improving the snow traction performance of a tire and tire constructed according to such method are provided. More specifically, a method is provided for constructing the tread of a tire into inner and outer portions that experience different radial deformations under operating conditions so as to improve snow traction and other performance features and also provided is a tire having such tread constructions.
The invention relates to a tire vulcanization mold (10), including: a frame (24), two side shells (26, 28), a plurality of sectors (30), a coupling means (34) that includes a lever (36), a means (37) for linking the lever (36) to the sector (30) that includes a pivot linkage comprising a pin (38), a means (43) for linking the lever (36) to the drive shell (26) that includes a pivot linkage comprising a pin (44), and a means (45) for guiding the pin (44) from the means (43) for linking the sector (30) to the drive shell (26), the coupling means (34) and the guide means (45) being provided such that the axial movement of the drive shell (26) relative to the frame (24) causes a movement of the pin (38) that belongs to the means (37) for linking the lever (36) to the sector (30) and is only substantially radial relative to the drive shell (26).
The invention relates to a steel cord (C-1) with three layers (C1, C2, C3) and a 2+M+N structure, that is rubberized in situ and comprises: a first layer or central layer (C1) formed by two wires (10) of diameter d1 assembled in a helix at a pitch p1; a second layer (C2) formed by M wires (11) of diameter d2, which are wound around the central layer (C1) in a helix at a pitch p2; and a third layer (C3) formed by N wires (12) of diameter d3, which are wound around the second layer in a helix at a pitch p3. The cord is characterised in that it has the following characteristics: (d1, d2, d3, p1, p2 and p3 being expressed in mm): - 0.08 ≤ d1 ≤ 0.5; - 0.08 ≤ d2 ≤ 0.5; - 0.08 ≤ d3 ≤ 0.5; - 3 < p1 < 50; - 6 < p2 < 50; - 9 < p3 < 50; for any 3 cm-length of cord, a rubber composition known as "filling rubber" is present in each of the capillaries defined by the 2 wires of the first layer (C1) and the M wires of the second layer and by the M wires of the second layer (C2) and the N wires of the third layer (C3); and the level of filling rubber in the cord is between 10 and 50 mg per gram of cord. The invention also relates to the method of producing one such cord and to a multi-strand cord, in which at least one of the strands is a three-layer steel cord (C-1) rubberized in situ in accordance with the invention.
The invention relates to a multi-strand metal cord (C-1) having two layers (Ci, Ce) with a J+K construction, in particular for reinforcing the tyres of industrial vehicles, consisting of a core comprising J strand(s) forming an inner layer (Ci), J varying from 1 to 4, K outer strands being helically wound around said core at a pitch Pκ of 20 to 70 mm, forming an outer layer (Ce) around said inner layer (Ci), each outer strand: comprising a cord (10) with two layers (C1, C2) with an L+M construction, rubberised in situ, comprising an inner layer (C1) consisting of L wires (11) with a diameter d1, L varying from 1 to 4, and an outer layer (C2) of M wires (12), M being no lower than 5, having a diameter d2 helically wound together at a pitch p2 around the inner layer (C1); and having the following characteristics (d1, d2 and p2 being given in mm): - 0.10 < d1 < 0.50; - 0.10 < d2 < 0.50; - 6 < p2 < 30; the inner layer (C1) thereof is sheathed by a rubber composition (14) referred to as filling rubber; along the entire length of the outer strand (10) equal to Pκ, the filling rubber (14) is present in each of the capillaries (15) delimited by the L wires (11) of the inner layer (C1) and the M wires (12) of the outer layer (C2) and, when L is equal to 3 or 4, the rubber is present in the central channel (13) delimited by the L wires (11) of the inner layer (C1); and the level of filling rubber in said outer strand is 5 to 40 mg/g of strand.
The invention relates to a multistrand cord with a K x (L+M) construction, which can be used in particular for reinforcing the belts of tyres for industrial vehicles, consisting of K basic strands helically assembled at a pitch Pκ, each basic strand: comprising a cord (10) having two layers (Ci, Ce) with an L+M construction, rubberised in situ, comprising an inner layer (Ci) made up of L wires (11) with a diameter d1, L varying from 1 to 4, and an outer layer (Ce) of M wires (12), M being no lower than 5, with a diameter d2 and helically assembled at a pitch p2 around the inner layer (Ci); and having the following characteristics (d1, d2 and p2 being given in mm): - 0.10 < d1 < 0.50; - 0.10 < d2 < 0.50; - 3 < p2 < 10; the inner layer (Ci) thereof being sheathed by a rubber composition (14) referred to as filling rubber; along the entire length of the elementary strand equal to K times Pκ, the filling rubber (14) being present in each of the capillaries (15) delimited by the L wires (11) of the inner layer (Ci) and the M wires (12) of the outer layer (Ce) and, when L is equal to 3 or 4, the rubber being present in the central channel (13) delimited by the L wires (11) of the inner layer (Ci); the level of filling rubber (14) in said basic strand (10) being 5 to 40 mg/g of basic strand.
A measurement system scans the given surface of a tire component (e.g., a brush-finished tread or buffed tire casing) to electronically measure data points corresponding to vertical and horizontal coordinates along the given surface. Associated computer processors electronically calculate the slope at a plurality of different locations by determining the degree of steepness (e.g., rise over run, angle or grade) between selected ones of the first and second coordinates and electronically comparing at least one slope-based parameter to one or more predetermined levels to determine a characterization defining one or more of surface adhesion fitness, finishing brush wear level and brush bristle placement location. Slope may be determined between every adjacent pair of data points or between selected data points (e.g., identified local maximum and minimum). The at least one-slope based parameter compared to the predetermined levels may correspond to the slopes themselves or to a calculated average slope value.
A tire work station and system for selectively holding a tire having work performed thereon in a side orientation or a front orientation. The tire work station comprises a work platform mounted to a vertically adjustable pedestal having a first support system and a second support system. The first support system comprising a pair of tread rollers inclined at a first inclined angle Al and further forming a second angle A2 with a pair of sidewall rollers. The sidewall rollers spaced apart to define a passageway for the tire in its front orientation. The second support system mounted between the pair of tread rollers, comprising a tread support surface at a first distance from a top surface of the work platform lower than a support surface of the pair of tread rollers at a second distance from the top surface of the work platform.
Embodiments include retreaded tires having a precured tread band bonded to a prepared bonding surface of a base portion of the tire, the tread band including a primary groove having a top open to a ground contacting front face of the tread band and a secondary groove having a bottom open to a back face of the tread band, the back face bonded to the prepared bonding surface, wherein the groove top of the secondary groove is higher than a groove bottom of the primary groove so that the secondary groove top is opened to the ground contacting front face of the tread band prior to disappearance by wear of the primary groove. A base groove may be formed in the base portion of the tire and open to the prepared bonding surface of the tire, wherein the secondary groove bottom opens in fluid communication with the base groove.
A retread tire and methods for its manufacture, the retread tire having a precured tread band bonded to a prepared bonding surface of a base portion of the tire. The precured tread band includes a back face bonded to the prepared bonding surface of the base portion of the tire and a tread groove bottom portion that extends below the back face of the tread band. The tread groove bottom portion may optionally include a void portion of the tread groove and may include the bottom wall of the tread groove and/or just the side walls of the bottom portion of the tread groove. Also included may be a base groove formed in the base portion of the tire and open to the prepared bonding surface of the tire, wherein the tread groove bottom of the tread groove is embedded within the base groove.
Embodiments include a retreaded tire having a precured tread band bonded to a prepared bonding surface of a base portion of the tire. The precured tread band may include a tread groove having a bottom and a top, the top of the groove open to a ground contacting front face of the tread band, the precured tread band further comprising a back face, the back face bonded to a prepared bonding surface of a base portion of the tire. A base groove may be formed in the base portion of the tire and open to the prepared bonding surface of the tire, wherein the tread groove bottom is aligned over a length of the base groove. In some embodiments, the tread groove bottom may be open to the base groove over at least 50% or the entire length of the base groove.
A system and method for reducing the magnitude of one or more harmonics of one or more uniformity parameters in a cured tire involves selective removal of tire material at one or more track/area locations along first and second bead profiles. Selective removal may occur via ablation at the bead seat, low flange and/or high flange zones to correct for a selected number of harmonics of such parameters as radial, lateral and tangential force variation. Ablation patterns are calculated and implemented on first and second tire beads to achieve desired levels of force reduction at selected angular locations (within the expanse from 0-360 degrees along each tire bead). Ablation patterns may be calculated for implementation at fixed or varied tire rotational speeds and/or fixed or varied levels of laser power.
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