An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electric utility meter tampering detection system, comprising an electric utility meter housing, an electric utility meter located in the housing, and a sensor disposed in the housing. The sensor can be configured to detect the presence of light entering the housing from an area external to the housing.
G01R 22/06 - Dispositions pour la mesure de l'intégrale dans le temps d'une puissance électrique ou d'un courant, p. ex. compteurs d'électricité par des méthodes électroniques
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Generation of energy; generation of energy from renewable sources including solar, wind, water and biomass; generation of electricity from solar energy; leasing of renewable energy equipment for use in converting renewable resources into power; providing information about generation of electricity from solar panel devices and related equipment; providing online information in the field of electricity generation and solar energy through electronic transmission over a global computer information network; leasing of solar panel devices and other related equipment for use in converting solar energy into electricity; consulting services provided to hospitals, medical institutions, federal and state agencies, schools, universities, agriculture companies, industrial companies and commercial companies in the field of development of renewable energy resources
4.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES
Devices and methods relating to detection of defects in solar modules are disclosed. A photovoltaic module inspection system can comprise a digital imaging device, a lens transparent to ultraviolet (UV) light, and a filter configured to permit transmission of UV light.
F21V 9/20 - Filtres dichroïques, c.-à-d. dispositifs fonctionnant selon le principe de l’interférence entre ondes lumineuses faisant passer des plages de valeurs spécifiques de longueurs d’onde tout en en annulant d’autres
H01L 21/66 - Test ou mesure durant la fabrication ou le traitement
H01L 31/04 - Dispositifs à semi-conducteurs sensibles aux rayons infrarouges, à la lumière, au rayonnement électromagnétique d'ondes plus courtes, ou au rayonnement corpusculaire, et spécialement adaptés, soit comme convertisseurs de l'énergie dudit rayonnement e; Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou au traitement de ces dispositifs ou de leurs parties constitutives; Leurs détails adaptés comme dispositifs de conversion photovoltaïque [PV]
5.
Systems and methods for inspecting solar modules using high-power light sources
Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for inspecting solar modules, and in particular systems and methods incorporating high-power light sources to impart ultraviolet fluorescence of solar modules. The systems and methods can include a filter and/or a camera.
H02S 50/15 - Tests de dispositifs PV, p. ex. de modules PV ou de cellules PV individuelles utilisant des moyens optiques, e.g. utilisant l'électroluminescence
G01N 21/63 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau analysé est excité de façon à ce qu'il émette de la lumière ou qu'il produise un changement de la longueur d'onde de la lumière incidente excité optiquement
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Generation of energy; generation of energy from renewable sources including solar, wind, water and biomass; generation of electricity from solar energy; leasing of renewable energy equipment for use in converting renewable resources into power; providing information about generation of electricity from solar panel devices and related equipment; providing online information in the field of electricity generation and solar energy through electronic transmission over a global computer information network; leasing of solar panel devices and other related equipment for use in converting solar energy into electricity; consulting services provided to hospitals, medical institutions, federal and state agencies, schools, universities, agriculture companies, industrial companies and commercial companies in the field of development of renewable energy resources
7.
Systems and methods of diagnosing root causes of anomalous AMI information
An example embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of diagnosing root causes of anomalous AMI meter data. The method can include receiving meter data, identifying anomalous data in the meter data, comparing the anomalous data to a database of known root causes, and generating a work order if there is a known root causes of the anomalous data. The method can also include requesting manual review of anomalous data without a known root cause and receiving input indicating a discovered root cause. The method can add the discovered root cause to the database of known root causes.
G06Q 20/14 - Architectures de paiement spécialement adaptées aux systèmes de facturation
G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives
8.
Systems and methods for determining a root cause of an issue in an electrical grid
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining root causes of issues in an electrical grid. The method includes receiving local data from each of a plurality of meters. The local data may be indicative of voltage levels measured by the plurality of meters. The method also includes identifying abnormalities in the received local data. An abnormality is indicated by local data indicative of a voltage level that is outside of a predetermined range of acceptable levels. The method further includes associating each of the identified abnormalities with a respective meter and a geographic location of the respective meter and analyzing each of the identified abnormalities according to a predetermined set of evaluation factors to determine a root cause.
A method and apparatus for cooling hot gas streams in the temperature range 800° C. to 1600° C. using multi-stage circulating fluid bed (CFB) coolers is disclosed. The invention relates to cooling the hot syngas from coal gasifiers in which the hot syngas entrains substances that foul, erode and corrode heat transfer surfaces upon contact in conventional coolers. The hot syngas is cooled by extracting and indirectly transferring heat to heat transfer surfaces with circulating inert solid particles in CFB syngas coolers. The CFB syngas coolers are staged to facilitate generation of steam at multiple conditions and hot boiler feed water that are necessary for power generation in an IGCC process. The multi-stage syngas cooler can include internally circulating fluid bed coolers, externally circulating fluid bed coolers and hybrid coolers that incorporate features of both internally and externally circulating fluid bed coolers.
F28D 13/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur utilisant un lit fluidisé
C10J 3/86 - Autres caractéristiques combiné avec chaudières à récupération de chaleur
F28D 21/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur non couverts par l'un des groupes
F28D 15/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur dans lesquels l'agent intermédiaire de transfert de chaleur en tubes fermés passe dans ou à travers les parois des canalisations
C10K 3/00 - Modification de la composition chimique des gaz combustibles contenant l'oxyde de carbone en vue de produire un carburant amélioré, p. ex. un carburant de pouvoir calorifique différent qui peut ne pas contenir d'oxyde de carbone
11.
Simultaneous multi-point testing systems and methods
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a simultaneous multipoint testing system for analyzing the composition of a fluid in a duct. The system can comprise a plurality of probes each having a plurality of sample legs at different locations within the duct. Each probe can also comprise a mixing chamber for mixing fluid samples collected by each of the sample legs. The system can further comprise a global mixing chamber configured to receive the mixtures of fluid samples from each probe mixing chamber and mix those fluid samples to create a global fluid sample. The system can further comprise an analyzer configured to receive at least a portion of the global fluid sample and measure levels predetermined compounds present in the at least a portion of the global fluid sample.
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Design of solar photovoltaic systems; Technical planning of solar installation design; Monitoring of solar panels and other equipment for use in converting solar energy into electricity; Monitoring of solar power systems; Monitoring of efficiency, production levels and other performance data of solar panels and other equipment for use in converting solar energy into electricity; Monitoring of solar systems for efficiency, production levels, and other performance data of solar systems for others; Providing solar photovoltaic system evaluation services, namely, collecting data and generating models of location-specific conditions including dimensions, sunshine and shade characteristics at solar panel installation sites; Engineering services; Technical consulting services relating to engineering; Engineering and engineering consulting services, including such services in the field of energy; Pipeline design; Natural gas services, namely, metering and meter data management and analysis; Consulting services provided to hospitals, medical institutions, federal and state agencies, schools, universities, industrial companies and commercial companies in the field of development of renewable energy resources;Providing information in the field of environmental science, scientific research information relating to environmental protection, habitat conservation, and scientific research information relating to wildlife preservation; Power engineering; nuclear engineering; hydraulic engineering; energy auditing
36 - Services financiers, assurances et affaires immobilières
Produits et services
Brokerage of energy, namely, gas and electricity; Energy brokerage services; Financial valuation and management of the energy assets of others; financial investment in energy resources; trading of commodities, futures, swaps, options, derivatives and sales contracts, all in the field of energy resources; financial investment, namely, commodities, futures, swaps, options, derivatives and sales contracts, all in the field of energy resources; arbitrage services, namely, the buying and selling of commodities, futures, swaps, options, derivatives and sales contracts, all in the field of energy resources; commodity trading; trading and brokering of energy commodities and energy derivatives to wholesale and retail customers; assuming financial risk of others by entering into options and swaps; capital investment consultation in the field of energy assets, services and resources; financial investment in the field of energy assets, services and resources; business finance procurement services in the field of energy assets, services and resources; facilitating and arranging for the financing in the field of energy assets, services and resources; financial analysis and consultation in the field of energy assets, services and resources; Trading of commodities, futures, swaps, options, derivatives and sales contracts, all in the field of energy resources for others; financial investment, namely, commodities, futures, swaps, options, derivatives and sales contracts, all in the field of energy resources; arbitrage services, namely, the buying and selling of commodities, futures, swaps, options, derivatives and sales contracts, all in the field of energy resources; Financial services, namely, facilitating and arranging project financing of building construction, construction of energy-producing assets and systems, and refurbishment of energy producing assets and systems to make them more energy efficient; Business services, namely, a program for managing purchase of utility services of others in which buyers pay pre-established energy commodity price; Energy brokerage services, namely, a program for managing the purchase of energy supply on behalf of others in which buyers pay a fixed energy commodity price; Providing extended warranties on residential internal energy equipment systems, namely, HVAC equipment and ventilation systems and connections thereto, residential appliances, namely, water heaters, dishwashers, refrigerators, clothes washing machines, clothes dryers, garbage disposal units, and connections thereto, residential electrical wiring and connections thereto, namely, electric lines, fuse boxes, circuit breaker panels, electrical switches, and electrical receptacles, and residential natural gas and water plumbing and connections thereto, namely, plumbing lines, pipes, connectors, toilets, faucets, fixtures, drains, vents, and valves; Brokerage of energy for others
Marketing the goods and services of others in the field of solar and photovoltaic power generation technology and products to commercial, industrial, and residential customers; business consulting services in the areas of system planning; business operation of utility companies; business reputation improvement services in the field of utility company plants; business operation of cogeneration and independent power production facilities, for others; energy usage management; promoting public awareness in the field of energy efficiency, renewable energy and fuel diversity; provision of information in the field of energy efficiency renewable energy and fuel diversity; consultation in the field of energy efficiency, renewable energy and fuel diversity; promoting public awareness in the field of current and future energy sources, energy efficiency, renewable energy, fuel diversity and new energy technologies; Providing information on customer's energy usage, accounts and analysis of the same by means of a global computer network; wholesale marketing of energy resources; independent sales and purchase representatives in the field of energy resources; industrial, commercial, and governmental asset management, namely, engaging in the procurement, business management and remarketing of the energy resources of others; on-line retail store services featuring electric or natural gas appliances; energy price comparison services; asset management, namely, auctioning, liquidating and remarketing the energy assets of others; providing consumer product information regarding electric or gas appliances via the Internet; computerized on-line retail store services in the field of electric or natural gas products and appliances; business management and consultation services in connection with energy systems, namely, lighting, heating, air conditioning, ventilation and mechanical systems; business development services, namely, providing start-up support for businesses of others in the field of energy assets, services and resources; Business information and consultation services regarding projects as well as business and investment opportunities, all in the field of energy; business consulting and management services relating to product and service distribution, operations management services, logistics, reverse logistics, supply chain, and production systems and distribution solutions, all in the field of energy assets, services and resources; industrial management assistance in the field of energy assets, services and resources; promoting public awareness of environmental benefits of electricity or natural gas; asset management, namely, the procurement, business management and remarketing of the energy resources of others; Conducting economic feasibility studies to allocate liquefied natural gas during peak consumption periods; Business risk management; Promoting public awareness of the need for conservation and land management; Providing information in the field of energy usage management via a global computer network; providing economic information in the field of energy usage via a global computer network
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
Produits et services
Charging station services for electric vehicles; Installation of renewable energy equipment and systems for residential and commercial purposes; Installation and maintenance of solar energy based power plants; Installation of solar thermal installations; installation of renewable energy systems for solar energy collection and dispersion; Installation of solar energy systems and alternative energy products for residential and commercial use; repair and maintenance of photovoltaic installations; Construction and maintenance for others of cogeneration and independent electric power production facilities; Repair and installation services, namely, the installation of heating, cooling and environmental control systems; Consulting services in the field of construction of energy-producing assets; Installation, maintenance and repair of energy systems, namely, appliances, namely, heating, cooling, air conditioning ventilation and mechanical systems; pipeline installation, repair and maintenance; laying and construction of pipelines; construction management; Maintenance and repair services provided pursuant to warranty contracts on residential internal energy equipment systems, namely, HVAC equipment and ventilation systems and connections thereto, residential appliances, namely, water heaters, dishwashers, refrigerators, clothes washing machines, clothes dryers, garbage disposal units, and connections thereto, residential electrical wiring and connections thereto, namely, electric lines, fuse boxes, circuit breaker panels, electrical switches, and electrical receptacles, and residential natural gas and water plumbing and connections thereto, namely, plumbing lines, pipes, connectors, toilets, faucets, fixtures, drains, vents, and valves; Leasing of residential internal energy equipment and appliances, namely, dishwashers, clothes washing machines, and clothes dryers; Repair or maintenance of gas lines and appliances in the nature of heating, cooling, air conditioning ventilation and mechanical systems, heat pumps, water heaters, dishwashers, refrigerators, freezers, clothes washing machines, clothes dryers, ovens, ranges, cooktops, and garbage disposal units
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Generation of electricity for utilities; Generation of energy from renewable sources including solar, wind, water and biomass; Generation of electricity from solar energy; Leasing of renewable energy equipment for use in converting renewable resources into power; Providing information about generation of electricity from solar panel devices and related equipment; Providing on line information in the field of electricity generation and solar energy through electronic transmission over a global computer information network; leasing of solar panel devices and other related equipment for use in converting solar energy into electricity; Generation of electricity to wholesale and retail customers; generation of energy; production of energy, namely, electricity; Production of energy via combustion of natural gas, propane, and fuel oil
Wireless telecommunication services, namely, the transmission of voice, data and information via cellular telephone, pagers, facsimile machines and 2-way radios; computer services, namely, providing an on-line bulletin board in the field of natural gas for the purpose of providing natural gas marketers with information regarding natural gas operations
39 - Services de transport, emballage et entreposage; organisation de voyages
Produits et services
Transmission and distribution of energy; Solar power distribution services; Electric utility services; transmission and distribution of energy to retail and wholesale customers; Utility services, namely, transmission of electricity; distribution of electricity to others; supplying electricity to others; Natural gas supply services in the nature of distribution; public utility services in the nature of natural gas and propane distribution, transportation, transmission and storage; distribution of energy; transmission and transportation of natural gas through pipelines and trucks; supplying, transmitting and distributing electric power and natural gas and its by-products; Public utility services; Public utility services, namely, distribution of natural gas and propane; pipeline transportation of natural gas for others; Liquefied natural gas supplying and distribution during peak consumption periods; Supply of electricity and steam for power and heating
41 - Éducation, divertissements, activités sportives et culturelles
Produits et services
Educational services, namely, conducting classes, courses, seminars, workshops and arranging and conducting educational conferences in the field of electricity and energy and the dissemination of printed educational materials related thereto
39 - Services de transport, emballage et entreposage; organisation de voyages
Produits et services
Natural gas supply services in the nature of distribution; Public utility services in the nature of natural gas and propane distribution, transportation, transmission and storage; Distribution of energy; Transmission and transportation of natural gas through pipelines and trucks; Liquefied natural gas supplying and distribution during peak consumption periods; Supplying, transmitting and distributing electric power and natural gas and its by-products; Public utility services; Public utility services, namely, distribution of natural gas and propane; Pipeline transportation of natural gas for others
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Pipeline design; natural gas services, namely, metering and meter data management and analysis; Consulting services provided to hospitals, medical institutions, federal and state agencies, schools, universities, industrial companies and commercial companies in the field of development of renewable energy resources
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method for purifying a process water comprising providing a process water comprising a first concentration of a first dissolved gas and a first concentration of a first dissolved ion, filtering the process water to create a filtered process water comprising a second concentration of the first dissolved gas, and evaporating the filtered process water to create a water vapor comprising a second concentration of the first dissolved ion that is less than the first concentration of the first dissolved ion.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention a lighting device comprising a processor and a memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, are configured to cause the lighting device to access identification information relating to the lighting device and transmit the identification information to a remotely located system controller automatically upon commissioning the lighting device.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon-dioxide ("C02") sequestration system comprising a C02 source, a process-water source, a membrane module, and a sequestration duct. The membrane module comprises a first section, a second section, and a membrane. The first section can be configured to receive gaseous C02 at a first pressure from the C02 source. The second section can be configured to receive process- water at a second pressure from the process-water source, wherein the first pressure is greater than the second pressure. The membrane can be positioned between the first section and the second section and can comprise a plurality of apertures configured such that the gaseous C02 passes through the plurality of apertures and dissolves into the process-water to form a process-water-C02-soluution. The sequestration duct can be in fluid communication with the second section and configured to transport the process-water-C02 solution to a sequestration site.
B01D 53/22 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par diffusion
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
16 - Papier, carton et produits en ces matières
22 - Cordes; filets; tentes, auvents, voiles et sacs; matières de rembourrage
26 - Articles de fantaisie; mercerie; fleurs artificielles, cheveux postiches
41 - Éducation, divertissements, activités sportives et culturelles
Produits et services
[ Blank USB cards; Pre-recorded USB flash drives featuring training and informational materials in the field of electrical infrastructure and protecting the security thereof ] Printed pamphlets, brochures, manuals, books, booklets, leaflets, informational flyers, informational sheets and newsletters, adhesive backed stickers, and kits comprised solely of one or more of the foregoing materials in the field of training for law enforcement and the public regarding electrical infrastructure and protecting the security thereof; Printed training materials in the field of protecting electrical infrastructure and protecting the security thereof; Vinyl static cling decals on which the mark and a phone number to call to report suspicious activity are printed for affixation to windshields or windows [ Lanyards for holding badges, identification cards, and keys ] [ Fasteners for affixing badges, insignia and nametags to clothing ] Training services in the field of training for law enforcement and the public in the field of electrical infrastructure and protecting the security thereof, and training materials distributed therewith
Disclosed are methods for purifying a process water, which can comprise providing a process water comprising a first concentration of a first dissolved gas and a first concentration of a first dissolved ion, filtering the process water to create a filtered process water comprising a second concentration of the first dissolved gas, and evaporating the filtered process water to create a water vapor comprising a second concentration of the first dissolved ion that is less than the first concentration of the first dissolved ion.
C02F 1/20 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dégazage, c.-à-d. par libération des gaz dissous
B01D 63/00 - Appareils en général pour les procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables
B01D 53/22 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par diffusion
An energy decision management system manages, controls, or manipulates data to monitor, measure, or control one or more energy systems. The EDMS includes at least three modules or systems working together to manage the information needed for a user to render decisions as to which energy system to operate, in which the desire is to minimize costs. The EDMS includes a budget/forecast module, a scheduling module, and a performance module. The budget module creates a strategic energy decision plan to run various energy systems. The scheduling module creates an operational schedule to determine which energy system is best to operate based on predetermined criteria. The performance module produces management reports to quantify operational issues and successes.
A second stage gasification unit in a staged gasification integrated process (SGIP) flow scheme and operating methods are disclosed to gasify a wide range of low reactivity fuels. The inclusion of second stage gasification unit operating at high temperatures closer to ash fusion temperatures in the bed provides sufficient flexibility in unit configurations, operating conditions and methods to achieve an overall carbon conversion of over 95% for low reactivity materials such as bituminous and anthracite coals, petroleum residues and coke.
B01J 8/18 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées
B01J 8/26 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées selon la technique du "lit fluidisé" comportant au moins deux lits fluidisés, p. ex. installations de réaction et de régénération
F23C 10/01 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules dans un lit fluidisé de particules catalytiques
30.
Second stage gasifier in staged gasification and integrated process
A second stage gasification unit in a staged gasification integrated process flow scheme and operating methods are disclosed to gasify a wide range of low reactivity fuels. The inclusion of second stage gasification unit operating at high temperatures closer to ash fusion temperatures in the bed provides sufficient flexibility in unit configurations, operating conditions and methods to achieve an overall carbon conversion of over 95% for low reactivity materials such as bituminous and anthracite coals, petroleum residues and coke. The second stage gasification unit includes a stationary fluidized bed gasifier operating with a sufficiently turbulent bed of predefined inert bed material with lean char carbon content. The second stage gasifier fluidized bed is operated at relatively high temperatures up to 1400° C. Steam and oxidant mixture can be injected to further increase the freeboard region operating temperature in the range of approximately from 50 to 100° C. above the bed temperature.
C10K 3/02 - Modification de la composition chimique des gaz combustibles contenant l'oxyde de carbone en vue de produire un carburant amélioré, p. ex. un carburant de pouvoir calorifique différent qui peut ne pas contenir d'oxyde de carbone par traitement catalytique
A method and apparatus for cooling hot gas streams in the temperature range 800°C to 1600°C using multi-stage circulating fluid bed (CFB) coolers is disclosed. The invention relates to cooling the hot syngas from coal gasifiers in which the hot syngas entrains substances that 5 foul, erode and corrode heat transfer surfaces upon contact in conventional coolers. The hot syngas is cooled by extracting and indirectly transferring heat to heat transfer surfaces with circulating inert solid particles in CFB syngas coolers.
B01J 8/28 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées selon la technique du "lit fluidisé" comportant au moins deux lits fluidisés, p. ex. installations de réaction et de régénération superposés
32.
Multi-stage circulating fluidized bed syngas cooling
A method and apparatus for cooling hot gas streams in the temperature range 800° C. to 1600° C. using multi-stage circulating fluid bed (CFB) coolers is disclosed. The invention relates to cooling the hot syngas from coal gasifiers in which the hot syngas entrains substances that foul, erode and corrode heat transfer surfaces upon contact in conventional coolers. The hot syngas is cooled by extracting and indirectly transferring heat to heat transfer surfaces with circulating inert solid particles in CFB syngas coolers. The CFB syngas coolers are staged to facilitate generation of steam at multiple conditions and hot boiler feed water that are necessary for power generation in an IGCC process. The multi-stage syngas cooler can include internally circulating fluid bed coolers, externally circulating fluid bed coolers and hybrid coolers that incorporate features of both internally and externally circulating fluid bed coolers. Higher process efficiencies can be realized as the invention can handle hot syngas from various types of gasifiers without the need for a less efficient precooling step.
B01J 7/00 - Appareillage pour la production de gaz
F28D 15/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur dans lesquels l'agent intermédiaire de transfert de chaleur en tubes fermés passe dans ou à travers les parois des canalisations
C10J 3/86 - Autres caractéristiques combiné avec chaudières à récupération de chaleur
F28D 13/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur utilisant un lit fluidisé
C10K 3/00 - Modification de la composition chimique des gaz combustibles contenant l'oxyde de carbone en vue de produire un carburant amélioré, p. ex. un carburant de pouvoir calorifique différent qui peut ne pas contenir d'oxyde de carbone
F28D 21/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur non couverts par l'un des groupes
33.
GASIFICATION OF HIGH ASH, HIGH ASH FUSION TEMPERATURE BITUMINOUS COALS
This invention relates to gasification of high ash bituminous coals that have high ash fusion temperatures. The ash content can be in 15 to 45 weight percent range and ash fusion temperatures can be in 1150°C to 1500°C range as well as in excess of 1500°C. In a preferred embodiment, such coals are dealt with a two stage gasification process - a relatively low temperature primary gasification step in a circulating fluidized bed transport gasifier followed by a high temperature partial oxidation step of residual char carbon and small quantities of tar. The system to process such coals further includes an internally circulating fluidized bed to effectively cool the high temperature syngas with the aid of an inert media and without the syngas contacting the heat transfer surfaces.
This invention relates to gasification of high ash bituminous coals that have high ash fusion temperatures. The ash content can be in 15 to 45 weight percent range and ash fusion temperatures can be in 1150° C. to 1500° C. range as well as in excess of 1500° C. In a preferred embodiment, such coals are dealt with a two stage gasification process—a relatively low temperature primary gasification step in a circulating fluidized bed transport gasifier followed by a high temperature partial oxidation step of residual char carbon and small quantities of tar. The system to process such coals further includes an internally circulating fluidized bed to effectively cool the high temperature syngas with the aid of an inert media and without the syngas contacting the heat transfer surfaces. A cyclone downstream of the syngas cooler, operating at relatively low temperatures, effectively reduces loading to a dust filtration unit. Nearly dust- and tar-free syngas for chemicals production or power generation and with over 90%, and preferably over about 98%, overall carbon conversion can be achieved with the preferred process, apparatus and methods outlined in this invention.
C10K 3/00 - Modification de la composition chimique des gaz combustibles contenant l'oxyde de carbone en vue de produire un carburant amélioré, p. ex. un carburant de pouvoir calorifique différent qui peut ne pas contenir d'oxyde de carbone
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon-dioxide (“CO2”) sequestration system comprising a CO2 source, a process-water source, a membrane module, and a sequestration duct. The membrane module comprises a first section, a second section, and a membrane. The first section can be configured to receive gaseous CO2 at a first pressure from the CO2 source. The second section can be configured to receive process-water at a second pressure from the process-water source, wherein the first pressure is greater than the second pressure. The membrane can be positioned between the first section and the second section and can comprise a plurality of apertures configured such that the gaseous CO2 passes through the plurality of apertures and dissolves into the process-water to form a process-water-CO2-solution. The sequestration duct can be in fluid communication with the second section and configured to transport the process-water-CO2 solution to a sequestration site.
B01D 53/22 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par diffusion
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
A regenerator that can handle rich loaded chemical solvent containing precipitated absorption reaction products is disclosed. The invention is particularly suitable for separating CO2 from large gas streams that are typical of power plant processes. The internally circulating liquid stream in the regenerator (ICLS regenerator) rapidly heats-up the in-coming rich solvent stream in a downcomer standpipe as well as decreases the overall concentration of CO2 in the mixed stream. Both these actions lead to dissolution of precipitates. Any remaining precipitate further dissolves as heat is transferred to the mixed solution with an inverted bayonet tube heat exchanger in the riser portion of the regenerator. The evolving CO2 bubbles in the riser portion of the regenerator lead to substantial gas hold-up and the large density difference between the solutions in the downcomer standpipe and riser portions promotes internal circulation of the liquid stream in the regenerator. As minor amounts of solvent components present in the exit gas stream are condensed and returned back to the regenerator, pure CO2 gas stream exits the disclosed regenerator and condenser system.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
B01D 53/18 - Unités d'absorptionDistributeurs de liquides
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
B01D 53/18 - Unités d'absorptionDistributeurs de liquides
A bushing assembly including a first bushing element, a second bushing element, and a locking subsystem. The first bushing element has a first end, a second end, a first outer surface with a first outer diameter, a first inner surface defining a first channel, and a first flange positioned proximate the first. The second bushing element has a first end, a second end, a second inner surface having a second inner diameter greater than the first outer diameter, a second outer surface, and a second flange positioned proximate the second end. The second inner surface defines a second channel that receives a portion of the first bushing element. The locking subsystem is proximate the first end of the first bushing element and secures the first bushing element to the second bushing element.
A pressurized transport oxy-combustor with different configurations is disclosed. Substantially pure oxygen is fed to the transport oxy-combustor under pressure to combust fossil fuels, generating steam for power generation. The end product is the flue gas containing substantially pure CO2 after moisture condensation. The low excess oxygen necessary to achieve complete combustion in the combustor is scavenged by adding another fuel so that substantially all oxygen fed to the combustor is completely consumed. The capability to operate the transport oxy-combustor as a circulating fluidized bed combustor at very high solids circulation rates makes it unnecessary to use recycled CO2 or flue gas as a means to moderate and control the combustion temperature. The temperature in the combustor is effectively controlled by relatively cooler circulating solids that enter the combustion zone (200). A small amount of CO2 is recycled for aeration and to convey solids fuel to the combustor.
B01J 8/18 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23C 10/10 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion caractérisés par l'agencement de l'appareil de séparation, p. ex. des cyclones, pour séparer les particules des gaz de fumée l'appareil de séparation étant situé à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion
43.
DISPERSED BUBBLE REACTOR FOR ENHANCED GAS-LIQUID-SOLIDS CONTACT AND MASS TRANSFER
An apparatus to promote gas-liquid contact and facilitate enhanced mass transfer. The dispersed bubble reactor (DBR) operates in the dispersed bubble flow regime to selectively absorb gas phase constituents into the liquid phase. The dispersion is achieved by shearing the large inlet gas bubbles into fine bubbles with circulating liquid and additional pumped liquid solvent when necessary. The DBR is capable of handling precipitates that may form during absorption or fine catalysts that may be necessary to promote liquid phase reactions. The DBR can be configured with multistage counter current flow sections by inserting concentric cylindrical sections into the riser to facilitate annular flow. While the DBR can absorb C02 in liquid solvents that may lead to precipitates at high loadings, it is equally capable of handling many different types of chemical processes involving solids (precipitates/catalysts) along with gas and liquid phases.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
B01D 53/18 - Unités d'absorptionDistributeurs de liquides
B01J 8/18 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées
B01J 8/22 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées l'agent fluidisant étant un liquide du gaz étant introduit dans le liquide
B01J 19/18 - Réacteurs fixes avec éléments internes mobiles
44.
Dispersed bubble reactor for enhanced gas-liquid-solids contact and mass transfer
2 in liquid solvents that may lead to precipitates at high loadings, it is equally capable of handling many different types of chemical processes involving solids (precipitates/catalysts) along with gas and liquid phases.
B01J 8/22 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées l'agent fluidisant étant un liquide du gaz étant introduit dans le liquide
B01D 53/18 - Unités d'absorptionDistributeurs de liquides
B01J 8/18 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées
B01J 19/18 - Réacteurs fixes avec éléments internes mobiles
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
45.
ASH AND SOLIDS COOLING IN HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRESSURE ENVIRONMENT
Disclosed are cooling and depressurization system equipment, arrangement and methods to cool solid particles from a coal gasifier operating at high temperature and pressure. Ash from the coal needs to be continuously withdrawn from a circulating fluidized bed gasifier to maintain the solids inventory in the gasifier. The system disclosed enables use of conventional materials of construction for heat transfer surfaces. The supports for the cooling surfaces are located on the lower temperature upper section of the primary cooler. The cooled solids along with the fluidizing gas exits the primary cooler to a secondary receiving vessel where the solids can be further cooled by conventional means. The fluidizing and entrained gas entering the secondary vessel is filtered and vented through a vent pressure control valve. The column of cooled solids in the secondary vessel is depressurized by a continuous depressurization system to low pressures which are sufficient for conveying the solids to silos for disposal. The system and methods proposed are equally applicable to many high temperature, high pressure processes that require cooling and depressurization of process solids.
B01J 8/18 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées
F23J 15/06 - Aménagement des dispositifs de traitement de fumées ou de vapeurs des appareils de refroidissement
F23G 5/30 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets ou de combustibles pauvres avec combustion dans un lit fluidisé
F23J 1/02 - Appareils pour enlever les cendres, mâchefers ou scories des cendriers, p. ex. à l'aide de wagonnets ou de convoyeurs, en employant des dispositifs à succion
46.
Ash and solids cooling in high temperature and high pressure environment
Disclosed are cooling and depressurization system equipment, arrangement and methods to cool solid particles from a coal gasifier operating at high temperature and pressure. Ash needs to be continuously withdrawn from a circulating fluidized bed gasifier to maintain the solids inventory in the gasifier. The supports for the cooling surfaces are located on the lower temperature upper section of the primary cooler. The cooled solids along with the fluidizing gas exits the primary cooler to a secondary receiving vessel where the solids can be further cooled by conventional means. The fluidizing and entrained gas entering the secondary vessel is filtered and vented through a vent pressure control valve. The column of cooled solids in the secondary vessel is depressurized by a continuous depressurization system to low pressures which are sufficient for conveying the solids to silos for disposal.
F22B 1/18 - Méthodes de production de vapeur caractérisées par le genre de chauffage par exploitation de l'énergie thermique contenue dans une source chaude la source chaude étant un gaz chaud, p. ex. des gaz d'évacuation tels que les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne
F28D 21/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur non couverts par l'un des groupes
F23C 10/24 - Dispositifs pour enlever de la matière du lit
F23J 1/02 - Appareils pour enlever les cendres, mâchefers ou scories des cendriers, p. ex. à l'aide de wagonnets ou de convoyeurs, en employant des dispositifs à succion
F28D 7/12 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur comportant des ensembles de canalisations tubulaires fixes pour les deux sources de potentiel calorifique, ces sources étant en contact chacune avec un côté de la paroi d'une canalisation les canalisations étant disposées l'une dans l'autre, p. ex. concentriquement le tube extérieur étant fermé à une extrémité, c.-à-d. du type à retour
F28D 13/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur utilisant un lit fluidisé
47.
Capacitor monitoring systems and methods of metering and monitoring capacitor bank
The present invention relates to a capacitor bank monitoring system for monitoring the status of a capacitor bank in a power distribution system. The capacitor bank monitoring system includes a current transformer, a metering connection, and a housing for an electric utility meter. The current transformer is in electrical communication with a neutral terminal of the distribution system and can measure the current carried by the neutral terminal. The meter connection subsystem can provide electrical communication between the electric utility meter and the current transformer, such that the electric utility meter communicates the status of the capacitor bank.
41 - Éducation, divertissements, activités sportives et culturelles
Produits et services
Educational services, namely, conducting classes, courses, seminars and workshops in the field of electricity and energy and distribution of educational materials in connection therewith
promoting public awareness in the field of energy efficiency, renewable energy and fuel diversity; information in the field of energy efficiency, renewable energy and fuel diversity; consultation in the field of energy efficiency, renewable energy and fuel diversity
Devices, systems, and methods improve particulate filtration. A particulate filtration system is implemented within a fossil fuel power plant combustion system. A gas containing particulates flows through the filtration system. The filtration system comprises a collection hopper for collecting the particulates. Within the collection hopper, a particulate trap, upper baffles, and lower baffles are provided to retain collected particulates in the hopper and, thereby, improve the filtration of particulates from the gas flow. The particulate trap can include two sets of variously oriented, interconnecting retaining members crossing the interior of the collection hopper.
A support system for transmission lines includes a base plate, a securing assembly, and a supporting arm. The base plate is secured to the transmission line pole with the securing assembly. The supporting arm can include an insulating apparatus; the insulator apparatus of the supporting arm is adapted to provide a safe dielectric distance from the transmission power line and the transmission line structure, e.g., power pole. A first end of the supporting arm is carried by a mounting member and is connected to the transmission line pole via the base plate, while the second end can receive a conductor with a connector. The connector is adapted to secure a conductor, and is positioned at the second end of the insulator apparatus.
2 in the absorber section minimizes the heat energy needed for sorbent regeneration. The commercial embodiments of the proposed method can be optimized for sorbents with slower or faster absorption kinetics, low or high heat release rates, low or high saturation capacities and slower or faster regeneration kinetics.
B01D 53/08 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par adsorption, p. ex. chromatographie préparatoire en phase gazeuse avec adsorbants mobiles selon la technique du "lit mobile"
B01D 53/12 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par adsorption, p. ex. chromatographie préparatoire en phase gazeuse avec adsorbants mobiles avec adsorbants dispersés selon la technique de fluidisation
53.
CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORBER AND REGENERATION ASSEMBLIES USEFUL FOR POWER PLANT FLUE GAS
Disclosed are apparatus and method to treat large amounts of flue gas from a pulverized coal combustion power plant. The flue gas is contacted with solid sorbents to selectively absorb CO2, which is then released as a nearly pure CO2 gas stream upon regeneration at higher temperature. The method is capable of handling the necessary sorbent circulation rates of tens of millions of lbs/hr to separate CO2 from a power plant's flue gas stream. Because pressurizing large amounts of flue gas is cost prohibitive, the method of this invention minimizes the overall pressure drop in the absorption section to less than 25 inches of water column. The internal circulation of sorbent within the absorber assembly in the proposed method not only minimizes temperature increases in the absorber to less than 25 °F, but also increases the CO2 concentration in the sorbent to near saturation levels. Saturating the sorbent with CO2 in the absorber section minimizes the heat energy needed for sorbent regeneration. The commercial embodiments of the proposed method can be optimized for sorbents with slower or faster absorption kinetics, low or high heat release rates, low or high saturation capacities and slower or faster regeneration kinetics.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
A system for depressurizing and cooling a high pressure, high temperature fine solid particles stream having entrained gas therein. In one aspect, the system has an apparatus for cooling the high pressure, high temperature fine solid particles stream having entrained gas therein and a pressure letdown device for depressurization by separating the cooled fine solid particles from a portion of the fine solid particles stream having entrained gas therein, resulting in a lower temperature, lower pressure outlet of solid particles for disposal or handling by downstream equipment.
B01D 46/32 - Séparateurs de particules utilisant une substance non agglomérée, p. ex. appareils de précipitation de poussières dont la substance filtrante est mobile pendant la filtration
A system for depressurizing and cooling a high pressure, high temperature dense phase solids stream having coarse solid particles with entrained gas therein. In one aspect, the system has an apparatus for at least partially depressurizing and cooling the high pressure, high temperature dense phase solids stream having gas entrained therein and a pressure letdown device for further depressurization and separating cooled coarse solid particles from a portion of the entrained gas, resulting in a lower temperature, lower pressure outlet of solid particles for downstream processing or discharge to a storage silo for future use and/or disposal. There are no moving parts in the flow path of the solids stream in the system.
A device adapted to support a jumper wire during maintenance or repairs to various elements associated with the suspension and switching of electrical power conductors on both transmission and distribution power grids. The device comprises two members of various shapes, pinned together in opposition with a pivot, to allow the opening and closing of said clamping system. The device can be manufactured of many materials in order to meet specific strength or dielectric requirements. Additionally, the shape of the device can be optimized to support a variety of objects.
promoting public awareness in the field of energy efficiency, renewable energy and fuel diversity; information in the field of energy efficiency, renewable energy and fuel diversity; consultation in the field of energy efficiency, renewable energy and fuel diversity
58.
Systems and methods for organic particulate filtration
The present invention provides systems and methods for organic particulate filtration. An organic particulate filtration system is implemented within a fossil fuel power plant combustion system. The filtration system comprises a gas flow, in which gas are entrained particulates. The filtration system has a collection hopper located proximate a precipitator collection area. Within the collection hopper, a particulate baffle is provided in a downward-angled orientation. The particulate baffle is enabled to trap particulate, such as organic particulate, in the collection hopper, thereby preventing particulate re-entrainment in the gas flow.
The system of the present invention includes a centripetal cyclone for separating particulate material from a particulate laden gas solids stream. The cyclone includes a housing defining a conduit extending between an upstream inlet and a downstream outlet. In operation, when a particulate laden gas-solids stream passes through the upstream housing inlet, the particulate laden gas-solids stream is directed through the conduit and at least a portion of the solids in the particulate laden gas-solids stream are subjected to a centripetal force within the conduit.
A support system for transmission lines includes a base plate, a securing assembly, and a supporting arm. The base plate is secured to the transmission line pole with the securing assembly. The supporting arm can include an insulating apparatus; the insulator apparatus of the supporting arm is adapted to provide a safe dielectric distance from the transmission power line and the transmission line structure, e.g., power pole. A first end of the supporting arm is carried by a mounting member and is connected to the transmission line pole via the base plate, while the second end can receive a conductor with a connector. The connector is adapted to secure a conductor, and is positioned at the second end of the insulator apparatus.
A yoke assembly includes two support members that are connected to one another, both of which include respective first ends and second ends. The support members are spaced apart enough to fit over existing hardware on a T-adapter at a dead end. In proximity to the first end of the two support members, a connection member is connected to the support members for securing the yoke assembly to the T-adapter. The yoke assembly includes a pole connector, which is pivotably positioned in proximity to the second end of each support member, wherein the pole connector is positioned between the two support members and secured thereto by the second pin. A pole can be secured between the pole connector of the yoke assembly and the power pole, reducing stress on an insulator for removing/repairing the insulator.
B23P 19/04 - Machines effectuant simplement l'assemblage ou la séparation de pièces ou d'objets métalliques entre eux ou des pièces métalliques avec des pièces non métalliques, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformationOutils ou dispositifs à cet effet dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas prévus dans d'autres classes pour assembler ou séparer des pièces
The present invention provides systems and methods of portable oil filtration. In an exemplary embodiment, the portable oil filtration system has a portable device body. Mounted on this portable device body are a motor, a pump, an input valve, an output valve, and a filtration device. Additionally, the portable device body is enabled to be carried by a user.
A non-boring support system, or a temporary arm gain, is described. The support system enables attaching a supporting arm to an existing utility pole. The support system can include a securing assembly and a mounting member. The securing assembly can define an aperture sufficiently large enough to receive and secure the supporting arm. The mounting member can be adapted to mount the securing assembly to the utility pole.
A quick-release conductor head for engaging a conductor, but capable of quickly releasing the conductor, if necessary. The quick-release conductor head includes a body for receiving the conductor, a latch pivotally connected to the body, a locking system for temporarily maintaining the latch in a closed position, and an opening system for automatically moving the latch from the closed position to the open position. In the closed position, the conductor is maintained within the body, while in the open position the body can be easily disengaged from the conductor. The present invention can include a guide system adapted to guide the conductor towards the body and guide the latch towards the locking system, when the latch is moved towards the closed position. The opening system can include a triggering mechanism and a bias adapted to disengage the latch from the locking system and move the latch towards the open position.
45 - Services juridiques; services de sécurité; services personnels pour individus
Produits et services
Conducting employee incentive award programs to promote on the job safety; promoting public awareness of public safety in connection with energy Providing information in the field of public safety in connection with energy
36 - Services financiers, assurances et affaires immobilières
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
39 - Services de transport, emballage et entreposage; organisation de voyages
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
41 - Éducation, divertissements, activités sportives et culturelles
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
(1) Business consulting services in the areas of system planning; utility company operations; privatization of electric utilities and various utility operations; operation for others of cogeneration and independant power production facilities; use and management of energy.
(2) Brokerage of energy.
(3) Construction and maintenance for others of cogeneration and independent electric power production facilities.
(4) Utility company maintenance; utility company plant improvements.
(5) Transmission and distribution of energy to retail and wholesale customers.
(6) Generation of energy to retail and wholesale customers.
(7) Electric power delivery training and education.
(8) Power engineering; nuclear engineering; hydro engineering.
41 - Éducation, divertissements, activités sportives et culturelles
Produits et services
Educational services, namely, conducting classes, courses. seminars, workshops and arranging and conducting educational conferences in the field of electricity and energy, and the dissemination of printed educational materials related thereto
business consulting services in the areas of - system planning; power engineering; nuclear engineering; hydro engineering; utility company operations and maintenance; utility company plant improvements; electric power delivery training and education; privatization of electric utilities and various utility operations; operation for others of cogeneration and independent power production facilities; energy use and management
wireless telecommunication services, namely, the transmission of voice, data and information via cellular telephone, pagers, facsimile machines and 2-way radios
