Disclosed are organisms comprising a highly expressed form of EC 1.2.3.1, and methods of their use including methods for efficient fermentation broth recycle, methods for improving bottoms recycle, methods for converting CO, CO2, and optionally H2 to ethanol and other oxygenated products, methods for preparing animal feed, and methods for preparing fertilizer.
Disclosed are methods for producing from a gaseous substrate comprising CO, CO2, and optionally H2 at least one oxygenated product. Also provided are methods of using a broth deficient in thiamine or thiazole-containing thiamine precursors as a screening tool for suitable ethanol producing acetogenic carboxydotrophic bacteria strains, operating a syngas fermentation without the addition of thiamine or thiazole-containing thiamine precursors, controlling bacterial contamination in a bioreactor, and methods for preparing animal feed and fertilizer.
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C07K 14/33 - Peptides ayant plus de 20 amino-acidesGastrinesSomatostatinesMélanotropinesLeurs dérivés provenant de bactéries provenant de Clostridium (G)
22 2 at least one oxygenated product. Also provided are methods of using a broth deficient in thiamine or thiazole-containing thiamine precursors as a screening tool for suitable ethanol producing acetogenic carboxydotrophic bacteria strains, operating a syngas fermentation without the addition of thiamine or thiazole-containing thiamine precursors, controlling bacterial contamination in a bioreactor, and methods for preparing animal feed and fertilizer.
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
A23J 3/20 - Protéines à partir de micro-organismes ou à partir d'algues unicellulaires
A23K 10/12 - Produits alimentaires pour animaux obtenus par des procédés microbiologiques ou biochimiques par fermentation de produits naturels, p. ex. d’origine végétale, de matières provenant de déchets d’origine animale ou de biomasse
Disclosed are methods for producing from a gaseous substrate comprising CO, CO2, and optionally H2 at least one oxygenated product. Also provided are methods of using a broth deficient in thiamine or thiazole-containing thiamine precursors as a screening tool for suitable ethanol producing acetogenic carboxydotrophic bacteria strains, operating a syngas fermentation without the addition of thiamine or thiazole-containing thiamine precursors, controlling bacterial contamination in a bioreactor, and methods for preparing animal feed and fertilizer.
A23J 3/20 - Protéines à partir de micro-organismes ou à partir d'algues unicellulaires
A23K 10/12 - Produits alimentaires pour animaux obtenus par des procédés microbiologiques ou biochimiques par fermentation de produits naturels, p. ex. d’origine végétale, de matières provenant de déchets d’origine animale ou de biomasse
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
A23K 10/10 - Produits alimentaires pour animaux obtenus par des procédés microbiologiques ou biochimiques
C05F 11/08 - Engrais organiques comportant l'addition de cultures bactériennes, de mycélium ou similaires
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12N 9/02 - Oxydoréductases (1.), p. ex. luciférase
A23K 10/16 - Ajout de micro-organismes ou de leurs produits d’extraction, p. ex. de protéines provenant d’organismes unicellulaires, à des compositions de produits alimentaires
C05F 11/08 - Engrais organiques comportant l'addition de cultures bactériennes, de mycélium ou similaires
A23K 10/10 - Produits alimentaires pour animaux obtenus par des procédés microbiologiques ou biochimiques
C05F 11/08 - Engrais organiques comportant l'addition de cultures bactériennes, de mycélium ou similaires
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
Disclosed are catalyst compositions for the oxychlorination of ethylene to dichloroethane (DCE) capable of providing high ethylene conversion, high dichloroethane selectivity and high crude purity. Also disclosed are methods of preparing and using the catalyst compositions. Described herein is a catalyst composition comprising a support and catalytic metal compounds on the support. The catalytic metal compounds can include a copper compound; and a zirconium compound.Disclosed are organisms comprising a highly expressed form of EC 1.2.3.1, and methods of their use including methods for efficient fermentation broth recycle, methods for improving bottoms recycle, methods for converting CO, CO2, and optionally H2 to ethanol and other oxygenated products, methods for preparing animal feed, and methods for preparing fertilizer.
A23K 10/16 - Ajout de micro-organismes ou de leurs produits d’extraction, p. ex. de protéines provenant d’organismes unicellulaires, à des compositions de produits alimentaires
C05F 11/08 - Engrais organiques comportant l'addition de cultures bactériennes, de mycélium ou similaires
Disclosed are methods of dewatering solid byproduct. In some embodiments, the solid byproduct contains particles and is produced from a fermentation process for making an oxygenated compound such as ethanol. The method comprises a chemical sequence for conditioning (pre-treating) the solid byproduct to be dewatered. The solid byproduct (in water) is treated with alkaline material to increase its pH to about 7-8.5. Coagulant is added to the alkaline-treated solid byproduct to reduce charge on the solid byproduct. An agglomerating polymer is then added to increase the average size of the solid byproduct particles to a desired size (e.g., at least about 1 mm). Dewatering can further use known technologies such as screw press, belt press, filter press, centrifuge, and/or a dryer to separate the conditioned or pre-treated byproduct from water. Also disclosed are methods of producing oxygenated product, as well as methods of producing animal feed and/or fertilizer, respectively.
"Green" methods of preparing oxygenated products, animal feed, and fertilizer are disclosed. Desired oxygenated products include, but are not limited to, ethanol, acetic acid, butyrate, butanol, propionate, propanol, or any combination thereof. The methods use synthesis gas (syngas), which can be produced from processing of coal, natural gas, and/or biomass. The syngas contains some combination of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and/or carbon dioxide. The method entails blending the syngas with purge (tail) gases from industrial processes and/or with hydrogen gas, e.g., produced from renewable sources. The resulting mixture is a H2-enriched syngas that is fermented by microorganisms that are well suited to ferment hydrogen-rich gases. Byproducts from the method can also be recovered. The disclosure also provides methods of preparing material fertilizer and animal feed, respectively. By repurposing purge gases so they are not emitted into the environment and/or using hydrogen from renewable sources, the disclosed methods are environmentally-friendly.
A23K 10/16 - Ajout de micro-organismes ou de leurs produits d’extraction, p. ex. de protéines provenant d’organismes unicellulaires, à des compositions de produits alimentaires
C12P 7/04 - Préparation de composés organiques contenant de l'oxygène contenant un groupe hydroxyle acycliques
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
Disclosed are methods of dewatering solid byproduct. In some embodiments, the solid byproduct contains particles and is produced from a fermentation process for making an oxygenated compound such as ethanol. The method comprises a chemical sequence for conditioning (pre-treating) the solid byproduct to be dewatered. The solid byproduct (in water) is treated with alkaline material to increase its pH to about 7-8.5. Coagulant is added to the alkaline-treated solid byproduct to reduce charge on the solid byproduct. An agglomerating polymer is then added to increase the average size of the solid byproduct particles to a desired size (e.g., at least about 1 mm). Dewatering can further use known technologies such as screw press, belt press, filter press, centrifuge, and/or a dryer to separate the conditioned or pre-treated byproduct from water. Also disclosed are methods of producing oxygenated product, as well as methods of producing animal feed and/or fertilizer, respectively.
A23K 10/10 - Produits alimentaires pour animaux obtenus par des procédés microbiologiques ou biochimiques
C02F 11/122 - Traitement des boues d'égoutDispositifs à cet effet par déshydratation, séchage ou épaississement par déshydratation mécanique à l’aide de filtres-presses
C02F 11/145 - Traitement des boues d'égoutDispositifs à cet effet par déshydratation, séchage ou épaississement avec addition de produits chimiques utilisant des substances inorganiques utilisant des composés du calcium
C02F 11/148 - Utilisation combinée de substances inorganiques et organiques additionnées lors de la même étape de traitement
13.
GREEN METHODS OF MAKING PRODUCT FROM HYDROGEN ENRICHED SYNTHESIS GAS
“Green” methods of preparing oxygenated products, animal feed, and fertilizer are disclosed. Desired oxygenated products include, but are not limited to, ethanol, acetic acid, butyrate, butanol, propionate, propanol, or any combination thereof. The methods use synthesis gas (syngas), which can be produced from processing of coal, natural gas, and/or biomass. The syngas contains some combination of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and/or carbon dioxide. The method entails blending the syngas with purge (tail) gases from industrial processes and/or with hydrogen gas, e.g., produced from renewable sources. The resulting mixture is a H2-enriched syngas that is fermented by microorganisms that are well suited to ferment hydrogen-rich gases. Byproducts from the method can also be recovered. The disclosure also provides methods of preparing material fertilizer and animal feed, respectively. By repurposing purge gases so they are not emitted into the environment and/or using hydrogen from renewable sources, the disclosed methods are environmentally-friendly.
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C01B 3/48 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés organiques gazeux ou liquides avec des agents gazéifiants, p. ex. de l'eau, du gaz carbonique, de l'air par réaction d'hydrocarbures avec des agents gazéifiants suivie par une réaction de la vapeur d'eau avec l'oxyde de carbone
C07C 7/148 - Purification, séparation ou stabilisation d'hydrocarburesEmploi d'additifs par traitement provoquant une modification chimique d'au moins un composé
C25B 1/042 - Hydrogène ou oxygène par électrolyse de l'eau par électrolyse de la vapeur
22-enriched syngas that is fermented by microorganisms that are well suited to ferment hydrogen-rich gases. Byproducts from the method can also be recovered. The disclosure also provides methods of preparing material fertilizer and animal feed, respectively. By repurposing purge gases so they are not emitted into the environment and/or using hydrogen from renewable sources, the disclosed methods are environmentally-friendly.
A23K 10/16 - Ajout de micro-organismes ou de leurs produits d’extraction, p. ex. de protéines provenant d’organismes unicellulaires, à des compositions de produits alimentaires
C05F 5/00 - Engrais fabriqués à partir de déchets de distillerie ou de sucreries, de mélasses, vinasses ou de déchets ou résidus similaires
Disclosed are methods of dewatering solid byproduct. In some embodiments, the solid byproduct contains particles and is produced from a fermentation process for making an oxygenated compound such as ethanol. The method comprises a chemical sequence for conditioning (pre-treating) the solid byproduct to be dewatered. The solid byproduct (in water) is treated with alkaline material to increase its pH to about 7-8.5. Coagulant is added to the alkaline-treated solid byproduct to reduce charge on the solid byproduct. An agglomerating polymer is then added to increase the average size of the solid byproduct particles to a desired size (e.g., at least about 1 mm). Dewatering can further use known technologies such as screw press, belt press, filter press, centrifuge, and/or a dryer to separate the conditioned or pre-treated byproduct from water. Also disclosed are methods of producing oxygenated product, as well as methods of producing animal feed and/or fertilizer, respectively.
C02F 11/122 - Traitement des boues d'égoutDispositifs à cet effet par déshydratation, séchage ou épaississement par déshydratation mécanique à l’aide de filtres-presses
C02F 11/145 - Traitement des boues d'égoutDispositifs à cet effet par déshydratation, séchage ou épaississement avec addition de produits chimiques utilisant des substances inorganiques utilisant des composés du calcium
C02F 11/148 - Utilisation combinée de substances inorganiques et organiques additionnées lors de la même étape de traitement
C02F 11/18 - Traitement des boues d'égoutDispositifs à cet effet par conditionnement thermique
Provided is a method of anaerobically fermenting a gaseous substrate to form a liquid product, the method comprising: (a) introducing the gaseous substrate into a bio-reactor, the gaseous substrate comprising at least one of the following constituents: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, (b) the bio-reactor comprising a fermentation broth therein, the fermentation broth containing at least two types of microorganisms, one type comprising at least one fermenting species, and the other type comprising at least one competing species; (c) introducing at least one type of ionophore into the reactor, the ionophore having selectivity for preferentially inhibiting the at least one competing species from growing and/or producing an undesired product; and (d) allowing the gaseous substrate to ferment by exposure to the at least one fermenting species, to produce the liquid product and a system for doing the same.
A system and method for concentrating and removing suspended solids from a liquid stream using a filtering device to separate the liquid stream into a permeate stream and a retentate stream, the retentate stream having a higher concentration of particles than the liquid stream or the permeate stream, and providing the retentate stream to a liquid recovery zone to separate the retentate stream into a clarified fluid stream and a concentrated particle stream.
A system and method for concentrating and removing suspended solids from a liquid stream using a filtering device to separate the liquid stream into a permeate stream and a retentate stream, the retentate stream having a higher concentration of particles than the liquid stream or the permeate stream, and providing the retentate stream to a liquid recovery zone to separate the retentate stream into a clarified fluid stream and a concentrated particle stream.
The methods are disclosed for sustaining a population of microorganisms in an aqueous fermentation broth used in a process to convert syngas to alcohol when the supply of syngas is impaired. The methods involve supplying at least one formate moiety at a rate and amount sufficient to maintain the population of microorganisms. The introduction of the formate moiety also results in the production of at least one metabolic compound other than ethanol and/or acetate by the microorganisms. The metabolic compound can comprise at least one energy storage compound which can be used to support the microorganisms during processing, storage and reactivation.
Provided is a method of anaerobically fermenting a gaseous substrate to form a liquid product, the method comprising: (a) introducing the gaseous substrate into a bio-reactor, the gaseous substrate comprising at least one of the following constituents: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, (b) the bio-reactor comprising a fermentation broth therein, the fermentation broth containing at least two types of microorganisms, one type comprising at least one fermenting species, and the other type comprising at least one competing species; (c) introducing at least one type of ionophore into the reactor, the ionophore having selectivity for preferentially inhibiting the at least one competing species from growing and/or producing an undesired product; and (d) allowing the gaseous substrate to ferment by exposure to the at least one fermenting species, to produce the liquid product and a system for doing the same.
Provided is a method of anaerobically fermenting a gaseous substrate to form a liquid product, the method comprising: (a) introducing the gaseous substrate into a bio-reactor, the gaseous substrate comprising at least one of the following constituents: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, (b) the bio-reactor comprising a fermentation broth therein, the fermentation broth containing at least two types of microorganisms, one type comprising at least one fermenting species, and the other type comprising at least one competing species; (c) introducing at least one type of ionophore into the reactor, the ionophore having selectivity for preferentially inhibiting the at least one competing species from growing and/or producing an undesired product; and (d) allowing the gaseous substrate to ferment by exposure to the at least one fermenting species, to produce the liquid product and a system for doing the same.
Processes for starting up and operating deep tank anaerobic fermentation reactors for making oxygenated organic compound from carbon monoxide and hydrogen
Processes for starting up and operating anaerobic, deep tank fermentation reactors including a process for anaerobic bioconversion of a gas substrate comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide in a reactor by contact of the gas substrate with an aqueous menstruum containing microorganisms suitable for converting the gas substrate to an oxygenated organic compound in the reactor. The process further includes: blanketing the reactor above the aqueous menstruum to the essential exclusion of oxygen with a head space gas comprising at least one of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and a lower alkane; continuously supplying a feed gas comprising at least a portion of the gas substrate to the aqueous menstruum in the reactor; and injecting the gas substrate and a motive liquid into the reactor to form a dispersion of the motive liquid and microbubbles, the microbubbles having a diameter of less than about 500 microns.
High conversion efficiency processes are disclosed for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to alcohol. The processes use bioreactors that have a non-uniform gas composition and a substantially uniform liquid composition such as deep tank bioreactors. By maintaining certain electron to carbon mole ratios in the syngas feed to the bioreactors and certain partial pressures of carbon dioxide in the off gas from the bioreactors, at least about 80 percent of the hydrogen and at least about 95 percent of the carbon monoxide in the feed can be consumed.
The methods are disclosed for sustaining a population of microorganisms in an aqueous fermentation broth used in a process to convert syngas to alcohol when the supply of syngas is impaired. The methods involve supplying at least one formate moiety at a rate and amount sufficient to maintain the population of microorganisms. The introduction of the formate moiety also results in the production of at least one metabolic compound other than ethanol and/or acetate by the microorganisms. The metabolic compound can comprise at least one energy storage compound which can be used to support the microorganisms during processing, storage and reactivation.
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12N 1/30 - Procédés utilisant des hydrocarbures ou milieux de culture en contenant aliphatiques ayant au plus cinq atomes de carbone
C12N 1/38 - Stimulation chimique de la croissance ou de l'activité par addition de composés chimiques qui ne sont pas des facteurs essentiels de croissanceStimulation de la croissance par élimination d'un composé chimique
27.
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE CONVERSION OF SHORT-CHAINED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS TO ALCOHOLS USING CLOSTRIDIAL ENZYMES
The invention relates to the fields of bacterial metabolism and the utilization or consumption of short-chain carboxylic acids to reduced products. Specifically, it relates to syngas fermentations using monocultures of syngas-utilizing homoacetogenic bacteria for the production of alcohols using native alcohol dehydrogenase.
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
The invention relates to the fields of bacterial metabolism and the utilization or consumption of short-chain carboxylic acids to reduced products. Specifically, it relates to syngas fermentations using monocultures of syngas-utilizing homoacetogenic bacteria for the production of alcohols using native alcohol dehydrogenase.
C12P 1/04 - Préparation de composés ou de compositions, non prévue dans les groupes , utilisant des micro-organismes ou des enzymesProcédés généraux de préparation de composés ou de compositions utilisant des micro-organismes ou des enzymes utilisant des bactéries
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
A control method simply and reliably regulates the relative pressure across boundary surfaces that comprise opposite faces of a single element or are the outer surfaces of compound structure and at least partially separates the flow of a gas and a liquid thereacross by sending at least some of the gas that contacted boundary surface to a column of liquid (38) and adjusting the height of the liquid therein to provide a consistent back pressure on the gas flow from its boundary surface. The control method also permits regulation of back pressure on the liquid by maintaining a column of the liquid that flows from its boundary surface at a relatively constant elevation and controlling the flow of liquid out of such retained column of the liquid flow stream.
Continuous processes for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated hydrocarbonaceous products, in particular lower alkanols, are disclosed in which nutrients, including micronutrients, and lower carboxylate anion are recovered from at least a portion of an aqueous distillation fraction from a distillation unit operation to recover lower alkanols by using a "tight" ultrafiltration membrane. At least about 75 percent of the water permeates the ultrafiltration membrane. The tight ultrafiltration membrane rejects sufficient components that are adverse to the microorganisms used in the bioconversion that continuous fermentation operations over long durations can be achieved.
Continuous processes for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated hydrocarbonaceous products, in particular lower alkanols, are disclosed in which nutrients, including micronutrients, and lower carboxylate anion are recovered from at least a portion of an aqueous distillation fraction from a distillation unit operation to recover lower alkanols by using a “tight” ultrafiltration membrane. At least about 75 percent of the water permeates the ultrafiltration membrane. The tight ultrafiltration membrane rejects sufficient components that are adverse to the microorganisms used in the bioconversion that continuous fermentation operations over long durations can be achieved.
Processes for the bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound are disclosed that reliably, cost-effectively and efficiently supply sulfur nutrient to microorganisms contained in acidic, aqueous fermentation menstrua. In the processes of this invention, basic, aqueous solution used to maintain the pH of the aqueous fermentation menstruum is used to remove hydrogen sulfide from the off-gas from the fermentation menstruum for recycle to the fermentation menstruum.
Processes for the bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound are disclosed that reliably, cost-effectively and efficiently supply sulfur nutrient to microorganisms contained in acidic, aqueous fermentation menstrua. In the processes of this invention, basic, aqueous solution used to maintain the pH of the aqueous fermentation menstruum is used to remove hydrogen sulfide from the off-gas from the fermentation menstruum for recycle to the fermentation menstruum.
2 and hydrogen to at least one oxygenated organic compound by contact of said gas substrate under acidic, anaerobic fermentation conditions in a bioreactor containing an aqueous fermentation broth having a population of at least one acetogenic microorganism for bioconverting said gas substrate to at least one acetogenic oxygenated organic compound, said fermentation zone defining a head space, said methods comprising continuously or intermittently controlling the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the head space to provide a desired population ratio of acetoclastic microorganisms to acetogenic microorganisms.
The methods are disclosed for sustaining a population of microorganisms in an aqueous fermentation broth used in a process to convert syngas to alcohol when the supply of syngas is decreased or ceased. The methods involve supplying at least one reducible anion in a rate an amount sufficient to maintain the population of microorganisms.
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12N 1/00 - Micro-organismes, p. ex. protozoairesCompositions les contenantProcédés de culture ou de conservation de micro-organismes, ou de compositions les contenantProcédés de préparation ou d'isolement d'une composition contenant un micro-organismeLeurs milieux de culture
Processes for removing co-produced oxygenated organics from anaerobic fermentation broths for the bioconversion of syngas to product oxygenated organic compound
Processes are disclosed for economically and effectively removing co-produced oxygenated organic compound from an anaerobic, aqueous fermentation broth used for the bioconversion of syngas to product oxygenated organic compound. Nitrate anion is added to the broth and the broth is contacted with denitrifying microorganisms that bioconvert the nitrate and organic compounds in the broth to reduced nitrogen compound and carbon dioxide.
C12P 7/04 - Préparation de composés organiques contenant de l'oxygène contenant un groupe hydroxyle acycliques
37.
Processes for controlling the concentration of co-produced oxygenated organics in anaerobic fermentation broths for the bioconversion of syngas to product oxygenated organic compound
Processes are disclosed for economically and effectively removing co-produced oxygenated organic compound from an anaerobic, aqueous fermentation broth used for the bioconversion of syngas to product oxygenated organic compound. The processes involve subjecting a portion of the aqueous fermentation broth after recovery of the product oxygenated organic compound to anaerobic organic bioconversion, and recycling the broth for use in the bioconversion of syngas.
C12P 7/04 - Préparation de composés organiques contenant de l'oxygène contenant un groupe hydroxyle acycliques
38.
PROCESSES FOR REMOVING CO-PRODUCED OXYGENATED ORGANICS FROM ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION BROTHS FOR THE BIOCONVERSION OF SYNGAS TO PRODUCT OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUND
Processes are disclosed for economically and effectively removing co-produced oxygenated organic compound from an anaerobic, aqueous fermentation broth used for the bioconversion of syngas to product oxygenated organic compound. Nitrate anion is added to the broth and the broth is contacted with denitrifying microorganisms that bioconvert the nitrate and organic compounds in the broth to reduced nitrogen compound and carbon dioxide.
C02F 11/04 - Traitement anaérobieProduction du méthane par de tels procédés
39.
PROCESSES FOR CONTROLLING THE CONCENTRATION OF CO-PRODUCED OXYGENATED ORGANICS IN ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION BROTHS FOR THE BIOCONVERSION OF SYNGAS TO PRODUCT OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUND
Processes are disclosed for economically and effectively removing co-produced oxygenated organic compound from an anaerobic, aqueous fermentation broth used for the bioconversion of syngas to product oxygenated organic compound. The processes involve subjecting a portion of the aqueous fermentation broth after recovery of the product oxygenated organic compound to anaerobic organic bioconversion, and recycling the broth for use in the bioconversion of syngas.
High conversion efficiency processes are disclosed for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to alcohol. The processes use bioreactors that have a non-uniform gas composition and a substantially uniform liquid composition such as deep tank bioreactors. By maintaining certain electron to carbon mole ratios in the syngas feed to the bioreactors and certain partial pressures of carbon dioxide in the off gas from the bioreactors, at least about 80 percent of the hydrogen and at least about 95 percent of the carbon monoxide in the feed can be consumed.
This invention provides isolated polynucleotides encoding DNA Type I methyltransferase and uses thereof for improving transformation efficiencies of exogenous and endogenous plasmid DNA into Clostridial hosts.
This invention pertains to processes for selectively oxidizing hydrogen cyanide contained in syngas using permanganate anion as an oxidant contained in an aqueous solution that is contacted with the syngas under certain conditions of temperature, pressure and duration of contact.
C01B 3/50 - Séparation de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène à partir de mélanges gazeux, p. ex. purification
C01B 3/52 - Séparation de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène à partir de mélanges gazeux, p. ex. purification par contact avec des liquidesRégénération des liquides usés
B01D 53/00 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols
C12M 1/00 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie
43.
Integrated processes for refining syngas and bioconversion to oxygenated organic compound
Integrated processes are provided for syngas refining and bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound. In the integrated processes ammonia contained in the syngas is recovered and used as a source of nitrogen and water for the fermentation. The integrated processes first remove tars from syngas by scrubbing using a first aqueous medium under conditions that ammonium bicarbonate is unstable. With tars removed, contact between the syngas and a second aqueous medium enables ammonia and carbon dioxide to be removed from the syngas without undue removal of components adverse to the fermentation, processing or oxygenated product such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, acetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. At least a portion of the second aqueous medium is supplied as a source of water and ammonia for the fermentation.
C10K 1/00 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone
C10K 1/04 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par refroidissement en vue de condenser les matières non gazeuses
C10K 1/10 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par lavage avec des liquidesRégénération des liqueurs de lavage avec des liquides aqueux
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
44.
Processes for starting up and operating deep tank anaerobic fermentation reactors for making oxygenated organic compound from carbon monoxide and hydrogen
Processes for starting up and operating anaerobic, deep tank fermentation systems to anaerobically bioconvert hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a gaseous substrate stream to oxygenated organic compounds and for steady operation of such fermentation systems are shown. Injectors use a motive liquid to introduce gas substrate as a stable gas-in liquid dispersion into the deep tank fermentation reactor where at least one of:
(i) adjusting the gas to liquid flow ratio through an injector,
(ii) changing the rate of liquid flow through an injector, and
(iii) adjusting the carbon monoxide mole fraction in the gas feed by admixture with at least one other gas,
wherein the mass transfer of carbon monoxide to an aqueous menstruum in the reactor is controlled to obtain the robust growth of the microorganism and/or continued conversion of gas substrate while maintaining the carbon monoxide concentration below that amount which is unduly adverse to the microorganism.
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12M 1/04 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie avec des moyens d'introduction de gaz
C12M 1/36 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie comportant une commande sensible au temps ou aux conditions du milieu, p. ex. fermenteurs commandés automatiquement
Processes are disclosed for the conversion of biomass to oxygenated organic compound using a simplified syngas cleanup operation that is cost effective and protects the fermentation operation. The processes of this invention treat the crude syngas from the gasifier by non-catalytic partial oxidation. The partial oxidation reduces the hydrocarbon content of the syngas such as methane, ethylene and acetylene to provide advantageous gas feeds for anaerobic fermentations to produce oxygenated organic compounds such as ethanol, propanol and butanol. Additionally, the partial oxidation facilitates any additional cleanup of the syngas as may be required for the anaerobic fermentation. Producer gases and partial oxidation processes are also disclosed.
C01B 3/02 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène
C01B 3/36 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés organiques gazeux ou liquides avec des agents gazéifiants, p. ex. de l'eau, du gaz carbonique, de l'air par réaction d'hydrocarbures avec des agents gazéifiants avec l'oxygène ou des mélanges contenant de l'oxygène comme agents gazéifiants
C12M 1/00 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
This invention provides isolated polynucleotides encoding DNA Type I methyltransferase and uses thereof for improving transformation efficiencies of exogenous and endogenous plasmid DNA into Clostridial hosts.
This invention provides methods and systems for the production of propanol. Specifically, the methods and systems of the present invention use symbiotic co-cultures for the production of propanol from syngas.
High conversion efficiency processes are disclosed for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to alcohol by microorganisms having metabolic processes that utilize sulfur in limited amounts. The processes remove hydrogen sulfide from the gas leaving the bioreactor assembly by forming sulfur compounds that are beneficial to the microorganisms. The sulfur compounds can be returned to the bioreactor assembly to meet a portion of microorganism sulfur demand.
C12Q 3/00 - Procédés de commande sensible aux conditions du milieu
C12Q 1/02 - Procédés de mesure ou de test faisant intervenir des enzymes, des acides nucléiques ou des micro-organismesCompositions à cet effetProcédés pour préparer ces compositions faisant intervenir des micro-organismes viables
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
C12M 1/00 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie
C12M 1/34 - Mesure ou test par des moyens de mesure ou de détection des conditions du milieu, p. ex. par des compteurs de colonies
C12P 7/02 - Préparation de composés organiques contenant de l'oxygène contenant un groupe hydroxyle
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
49.
Integrated processes for anaerobic conversion of hydrogen and carbon oxides to alcohol
C12P 7/04 - Préparation de composés organiques contenant de l'oxygène contenant un groupe hydroxyle acycliques
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
High conversion efficiency processes are disclosed for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to alcohol. The processes use bioreactors that have a non-uniform gas composition and a substantially uniform liquid composition such as deep tank bioreactors. By maintaining certain electron to carbon mole ratios in the syngas feed to the bioreactors and certain partial pressures of carbon dioxide in the off gas from the bioreactors, at least about 80 percent of the hydrogen and at least about 95 percent of the carbon monoxide in the feed can be consumed.
Integrated processes are disclosed for reducing the carbon foot print related to the use of non-renewable hydrocarbon gas streams for producing alcohols by anaerobic bioconversion of reformed gas. These processes combine renewable and non-renewable gas sources of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to produce alcohol. Thus the invention found a highly a practical way to make use of non-renewable carbon oxide sources while still lowering the carbon footprint of such alcohols produced thereby, especially when combined with corn ethanol production. In the case of motor fuel use, the renewable portion of the alcohol produced in this manner provides a reduction in greenhouse gases by 50% or more when compared to gasoline.
Integrated processes are disclosed for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to alcohol wherein a gas substrate of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide is in contact with an aqueous menstruum that continuously contacts the gas substrate with said aqueous menstruum to produce alcohol and a depleted gas phase that is continuously withdrawn from the aqueous menstruum; continuously or intermittently and the gas substrate is made up of at least two gases having different compositions to provide an overall gas substrate having a ratio of electrons to carbon atoms in the range of about 5.2:1 to 6.8:1.
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
The invention relates to improvements in the production of butanol and butyrate by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of a substrate comprising CO and the addition of an inorganic sulfur additive. It more particularly relates to the provision of an inorganic organic sulfur source to a fermentation system such that one or more micro-organisms convert a substrate comprising CO to butanol. In one aspect the invention uses a sulfur additive comprising inorganic sulfur compounds having a +2 to a +4 sulfur oxidation state that produces sulfur oxoanions and hydrosulfur oxoanions in an aqueous fermentation medium.
Gene sequences of key acetogenic clostridial species were sequenced and isolated. Genes of interest were identified, and functionality was established. Key genes of interest for metabolic catalyzing activity in clostridial species include a three-gene operon coding for CODH activity, a two-gene operon coding for PTA-ACK, and a novel acetyl coenzyme A reductase. The promoter regions of the two operons and the acetyl coA reductase are manipulated to increase ethanol production.
This invention provides methods and systems for the production of butanol. Specifically, the methods and systems of the present invention use syntrophic co-cultures for the production of butanol from syngas.
This invention pertains to processes for selectively oxidizing hydrogen cyanide contained in syngas using permanganate anion as an oxidant contained in an aqueous solution that is contacted with the syngas under certain conditions of temperature, pressure and duration of contact.
C01B 3/50 - Séparation de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène à partir de mélanges gazeux, p. ex. purification
C01B 3/52 - Séparation de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène à partir de mélanges gazeux, p. ex. purification par contact avec des liquidesRégénération des liquides usés
B01D 53/00 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols
C12M 1/00 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie
57.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING C2 OXYGENATES BY FERMENTATION USING HIGH OXIDATION STATE SULFUR
The invention relates to improvements in the production of ethanol and acetate by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of a substrate comprising CO and the addition of an inorganic sulfur additive. It more particularly relates to the provision of an inorganic organic sulfur source to a fermentation system such that one or more microorganisms convert a substrate comprising CO to ethanol. In one aspect the invention uses a sulfur additive comprising inorganic sulfur compounds having a +2 to a +4 sulfur oxidation state that produces sulfur oxoanions and hydrosulfur oxoanions in an aqueous fermentation medium.
Integrated processes are provided for the bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound with the ability to recycle sulfur nutrient and generate sulfur nutrient to the syngas fermentation in a safe and cost-effective manner. In preferred aspects of the invention, an acidogenic digestion is used to provide a biogas containing hydrogen sulfide, and then a methanogenic fermentation can follow to provide a methane-containing biogas that has a low hydrogen sulfide concentration.
Integrated processes are provided for syngas refining and bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound. In the integrated processes ammonia contained in the syngas is recovered and used as a source of nitrogen and water for the fermentation. The integrated processes first remove tars from syngas by scrubbing using a first aqueous medium under conditions that ammonium bicarbonate is unstable. With tars removed, contact between the syngas and a second aqueous medium enables ammonia and carbon dioxide to be removed from the syngas without undue removal of components adverse to the fermentation, processing or oxygenated product such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, acetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. At least a portion of the second aqueous medium is supplied as a source of water and ammonia for the fermentation.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C10K 1/04 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par refroidissement en vue de condenser les matières non gazeuses
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
C10K 1/00 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone
C10K 1/10 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par lavage avec des liquidesRégénération des liqueurs de lavage avec des liquides aqueux
60.
Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process for conversion of syngas components to liquid products
2 to a liquid product using biomass that grow on the surface of carriers suspended in a fermentation broth within the vessel of a moving bed bioreactor (MMBR). An injector is used to at least partially dissolved the feed gas in the fermentation broth, at least partially entrain the gas in the broth as microbubbles and to introduce the mixture of the entrained gas and broth into the vessel in a substantially horizontal direction. The injection of the mixture creates eddy current in the surrounding liquid for thoroughly mixing the fermentation broth in the vessel and for keeping the biomass carrier moving to provide sufficient shear so as to maintain a biofilm thickness on the carrier in a desirable range.
C12M 1/14 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie avec des moyens fournissant des couches minces ou avec des plateaux à niveaux multiples
C12M 3/04 - Appareillage pour la culture de tissus, de cellules humaines, animales ou végétales, ou de virus comportant des moyens fournissant des couches minces
61.
Processes for the conversion of biomass to oxygenated organic compound, apparatus therefor and compositions produced thereby
Processes are disclosed for the conversion of biomass to oxygenated organic compound using a simplified syngas cleanup operation that is cost effective and protects the fermentation operation. The processes of this invention treat the crude syngas from the gasifier by non-catalytic partial oxidation. The partial oxidation reduces the hydrocarbon content of the syngas such as methane, ethylene and acetylene to provide advantageous gas feeds for anaerobic fermentations to produce oxygenated organic compounds such as ethanol, propanol and butanol. Additionally, the partial oxidation facilitates any additional cleanup of the syngas as may be required for the anaerobic fermentation. Producer gases and partial oxidation processes are also disclosed.
Gene sequences of key acetogenic clostridial species were sequenced and isolated. Genes of interest were identified, and functionality was established. Key genes of interest for metabolic catalyzing activity in clostridial species include a three-gene operon coding for CODH activity, a two-gene operon coding for PTA-ACK, and a novel acetyl coenzyme A reductase. The promoter regions of the two operons and the acetyl coA reductase are manipulated to increase ethanol production.
C12N 15/00 - Techniques de mutation ou génie génétiqueADN ou ARN concernant le génie génétique, vecteurs, p. ex. plasmides, ou leur isolement, leur préparation ou leur purificationUtilisation d'hôtes pour ceux-ci
C07H 21/04 - Composés contenant au moins deux unités mononucléotide comportant chacune des groupes phosphate ou polyphosphate distincts liés aux radicaux saccharide des groupes nucléoside, p. ex. acides nucléiques avec le désoxyribosyle comme radical saccharide
C12N 15/74 - Vecteurs ou systèmes d'expression spécialement adaptés aux hôtes procaryotes autres que E. coli, p. ex. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
C12N 15/52 - Gènes codant pour des enzymes ou des proenzymes
63.
Processes for starting up deep tank anaerobic fermentation reactors for making oxygenated organic compound from carbon monoxide and hydrogen
wherein the mass transfer of carbon monoxide to an aqueous menstruum in the reactor is controlled to obtain the robust growth of the microorganism while maintaining the carbon monoxide concentration below that amount which is unduly adverse to the microorganism. In preferred aspects of the invention, recycled gas from the head space of the reactor is used to modulate the supply of carbon monoxide to the aqueous menstruum.
Bioconversion processes are disclosed that enable high conversion efficiencies of gas substrate containing both carbon monoxide and hydrogen to oxygenated organic compounds via the carbon monoxide and hydrogen pathways using anaerobic, deep, bubble column fermentation in a cost effective manner. The high conversion efficiency processes of this invention comprise the combination of using at least two deep, bubble column reactors in flow series and using certain feed gas compositions and microbubbles while avoiding carbon monoxide inhibition.
A method of operating a fermentation zone for the production of ethanol from syngas uses a crotonate derivative to prevent or reverse the effects of butyrigen contamination. The crotonate compound works in continuous fermentation processes to reduce or eliminate contamination from butyrate and butanol in the syngas derived ethanol product.
A method of operating a fermentation zone for the production of ethanol from syngas uses a crotonate-like compound to prevent or reverse the effects of butyrogen contamination. The crotonate-like compound works in continuous fermentation processes to reduce or eliminate contamination from butyrate and butanol in the syngas derived ethanol product.
2 rich tail gas from a syngas fermentation process and derives significant benefit from the recovery of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. Ammonia and ammonium are recovered from the treatment of the syngas as an ammonium rich solution, at least a portion of which is recycled to the fermentation zone to aid in the production of liquid products. A carbon dioxide rich gas produced by fermentation is used to capture the ammonia and ammonium, forming the ammonium rich solution.
2 rich tail gas from a syngas fermentation process and derives significant benefit from the recovery of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. Ammonia and ammonium are recovered from the treatment of the syngas as an ammonium rich solution, at least a portion of which is recycled to the fermentation zone to aid in the production of liquid products. A carbon dioxide rich gas produced by fermentation is used to capture the ammonia and ammonium, forming the ammonium rich solution.
A membrane supported bioreactor arrangement and method for anaerobic conversion of gas into liquid products including membrane modules having hollow fibers, each of the hollow fibers formed from an asymmetric membrane wall having a porous outer layer defining biopores for retaining a porous biolayer about the outer surface of the membrane wall and a less permeable hydration layer around the hollow fiber lumen; a membrane vessel for retaining the membrane modules in a process gas for formation of the biolayer on the outer surface of the hollow fiber wall by interaction of microorganisms with a process gas and for the production of a liquid product, wherein the membrane vessel retains the membrane modules in a common horizontal plane; provides a seal between contents of the membrane tank and ambient atmosphere; and includes a liquid supply conduit for communicating the process liquid with the hollow fiber lumens of the hollow fibers.
Clostridia were sequenced, and functionality was confirmed. The present invention utilizes a comparative inter-species approach to develop the minimum set of essential genes for metabolic function and estimate productivity in species of suspected solventogenic capability.
C07H 21/02 - Composés contenant au moins deux unités mononucléotide comportant chacune des groupes phosphate ou polyphosphate distincts liés aux radicaux saccharide des groupes nucléoside, p. ex. acides nucléiques avec le ribosyle comme radical saccharide
C07H 21/04 - Composés contenant au moins deux unités mononucléotide comportant chacune des groupes phosphate ou polyphosphate distincts liés aux radicaux saccharide des groupes nucléoside, p. ex. acides nucléiques avec le désoxyribosyle comme radical saccharide
C07H 19/00 - Composés contenant un hétérocycle partageant un hétéro-atome du cycle avec un radical saccharideNucléosidesMononucléotidesLeurs anhydro-dérivés
C07H 21/00 - Composés contenant au moins deux unités mononucléotide comportant chacune des groupes phosphate ou polyphosphate distincts liés aux radicaux saccharide des groupes nucléoside, p. ex. acides nucléiques
C12P 1/00 - Préparation de composés ou de compositions, non prévue dans les groupes , utilisant des micro-organismes ou des enzymesProcédés généraux de préparation de composés ou de compositions utilisant des micro-organismes ou des enzymes
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12N 15/52 - Gènes codant pour des enzymes ou des proenzymes
71.
Method for injecting a feed gas stream into a vertically extended column of liquid
A process for conversion of syngas to liquid products that serve as surface acting agents uses the gas stream at a relatively low pressure to eliminate the use of a compressor. The process uses a liquid stream as the primary energy input to a gas injector that intensely mixes gas and the liquid with reduced compression costs while the presence of the liquid product maintains the gas-liquid dispersion as it flows downward to build a static pressure head. The process lowers the required gas pressure by adjusting the elevation of the gas injector such that a conduit receives the gas-liquid dispersion from the outlet of the injector and confines it as it travels downward to enter the bottom of a column of liquid. The liquid product provides a surface acting agent that prolongs the creation and duration of microbubbles in the gas-liquid dispersion.
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12M 1/00 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie
73.
CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF THE GENES ENCODING KEY CLOSTRIDIAL CATALYZING MECHANISMS FOR SYNGAS TO ETHANOL PRODUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION THEREOF
Gene sequences of key acetogenic clostridial species were sequenced and isolated. Genes of interest were identified, and functionality was established. Key genes of interest for metabolic catalyzing activity in clostridial species include a three-gene operon coding for CODH activity, a two-gene operon coding for PTA-ACK, and a novel acetyl coenzyme A reductase. The promoter regions of the two operons and the acetyl coA reductase are manipulated to increase ethanol production.
A method for the high removal of ammonia, COS and HCN from syngas (along with some polishing of particulates) in a cost effective and environmentally benign and sustainable fashion, with the need for little to no chemical addition by using a combination of water based gas scrubbing, HCN scrubbing and biological processing steps.
Gene sequences of key acetogenic clostridial species were sequenced and isolated. Genes of interest were identified, and functionality was established. Key genes of interest for metabolic catalyzing activity in clostridial species include a three-gene operon coding for CODH activity, a two-gene operon coding for PTA-ACK, and a novel acetyl coenzyme A reductase. The promoter regions of the two operons and the acetyl coA reductase are manipulated to increase ethanol production.
C12P 7/06 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique
C12N 9/00 - Enzymes, p. ex. ligases (6.)ProenzymesCompositions les contenantProcédés pour préparer, activer, inhiber, séparer ou purifier des enzymes
C12N 1/00 - Micro-organismes, p. ex. protozoairesCompositions les contenantProcédés de culture ou de conservation de micro-organismes, ou de compositions les contenantProcédés de préparation ou d'isolement d'une composition contenant un micro-organismeLeurs milieux de culture
C12N 15/00 - Techniques de mutation ou génie génétiqueADN ou ARN concernant le génie génétique, vecteurs, p. ex. plasmides, ou leur isolement, leur préparation ou leur purificationUtilisation d'hôtes pour ceux-ci
C07H 21/04 - Composés contenant au moins deux unités mononucléotide comportant chacune des groupes phosphate ou polyphosphate distincts liés aux radicaux saccharide des groupes nucléoside, p. ex. acides nucléiques avec le désoxyribosyle comme radical saccharide
76.
Olefin production from syngas by an integrated biological conversion process
The production of feed for an olefin hydration zone is improved by integrating treatment of an alcohol containing stream from a fermentation zone into an alcohol separation section. The process passes a stream comprising alcohol, water and an organic acid to a separation column. The separation column concetrates the alcohol and organic acids into an upper column fraction. An additive for neutralization the organic acid into contact with said upper column fraction and reacts with the organic acid to produce a neutralization product that passes to a lower portion of the separation column. The column provides an overhead stream for an olefin dehydration zone having an increased concentration of alcohol and a reduced concentration of organic acid. A column bottoms stream containing the neutralization product returns as an input stream to supply the neutralization product to a fermentation zone that produces the alcohol containing stream.
C07C 4/00 - Préparations d'hydrocarbures à partir d'hydrocarbures contenant un plus grand nombre d'atomes de carbone
C12M 1/12 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie avec des moyens de stérilisation, filtration ou dialyse
C12P 7/08 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques
77.
Process for fermentation of syngas from indirect gasification
Ethanol and other liquid products are produced from biomass using indirect gasification of the biomass to produce a syngas containing CO2, CO, H2 and methane that passes the syngas without substantial removal of the methane to a fermentation zone for the conversion of the CO and CO2 and H2 to ethanol and the production of a methane rich stream followed by the methane reforming of the methane rich stream to produce additional CO and CO2 and H2 that passes to the fermentation zone.
C12N 9/04 - Oxydoréductases (1.), p. ex. luciférase agissant sur des groupes CHOH comme donneurs, p. ex. oxydase de glucose, déshydrogénase lactique (1.1)
2 (hydrogen) with a microorganism in a bioreactor are separated using a combination of distillation and vapor permeation membranes. The bioreactor passes an effluent with an ethanol concentration of 1 to 6 wt % to a distillation column that produces an overhead vapor stream enriched in ethanol. A series of vapor permeation membranes retain ethanol as retentate and produce a 99 wt % or higher ethanol product. Ethanol depleted permeate streams flow back to the column and the bioreactor. Coupling a bioreactor with distillation and pervaporation efficiently and economically separates ethanol when present at low concentration in an aqueous fermentation broth. The separation arrangement may also include a flash zone ahead of the distillation column to raise the concentration of the ethanol in the input stream to the distillation column.
