High penetration comp1ositions (HPCs) or prodrugs (HPPs) of antimicrobials and antimicrobial-related compounds are provided. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments. Additionally, the HPCs/HPPs are capable of reaching areas that their parent drugs may not be able to access and rendering a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments.
C07D 205/12 - Composés hétérocycliques comportant des cycles à quatre chaînons ne contenant qu'un atome d'azote comme unique hétéro-atome du cycle condensés avec des carbocycles ou avec des systèmes carbocycliques
C07D 277/60 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant des cycles thiazole-1, 3 ou thiazole-1, 3 hydrogénés condensés avec des carbocycles ou avec des systèmes carbocycliques
C07D 211/26 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant des cycles pyridiques hydrogénés, non condensés avec d'autres cycles avec uniquement des atomes d'hydrogène et de carbone liés directement à l'atome d'azote du cycle ne comportant pas de liaison double entre chaînons cycliques ou entre chaînons cycliques et chaînons non cycliques avec des radicaux hydrocarbonés ou des radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle avec des radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués liés aux atomes de carbone du cycle avec des radicaux hydrocarbonés, substitués par des atomes d'azote
C07D 211/16 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant des cycles pyridiques hydrogénés, non condensés avec d'autres cycles avec uniquement des atomes d'hydrogène et de carbone liés directement à l'atome d'azote du cycle ne comportant pas de liaison double entre chaînons cycliques ou entre chaînons cycliques et chaînons non cycliques avec des radicaux hydrocarbonés ou des radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle avec des radicaux ne contenant que des atomes de carbone et d'hydrogène liés aux atomes de carbone du cycle l'atome d'azote du cycle étant acylé
A61K 31/397 - Composés hétérocycliques ayant l'azote comme hétéro-atome d'un cycle, p. ex. guanéthidine ou rifamycines ayant des cycles à quatre chaînons, p. ex. azétidine
A61K 31/43 - Composés contenant des systèmes cycliques thia-4 aza-1 bicyclo [3.2.0] heptane, c.-à-d. composés contenant un système cyclique de formule , p. ex. pénicillines, pénèmes
A61K 31/545 - Composés contenant des systèmes cycliques thia-5 aza-1 bicyclo [4.2.0] octane, c.-à-d. composés contenant un système cyclique de formule , p. ex. céphalosporines, céfaclor, céphalexine
Provided is a high penetration composition or high penetration prodrugs of peptide or peptide-related compound comprising functional unit, linker, and transportational unit. The functional unit is covalently linked to the transportational unit via the linker, and comprises a moiety of the peptide or the peptide-related compound. The transportational unit comprises protonatable amine group. The linker comprises chemical bond that is capable of being cleaved after the composition penetrates across a biological barrier.
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of oxicams and related compounds in the general formula (1) 'Structure 1' were designed and synthesized. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The results suggest that the pro-drugs diffuses through human skin ~100 times faster than do oxicams and related compounds. It takes 1-2 hours for oxicams and related compounds to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken orally, but these prodrugs only took about ~50 minutes to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken transdermally. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the parent drugs in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any oxicams-treatable conditions in humans or animals. Second, the prodrugs can be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of oxicams. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrugs enable oxicams and related compounds to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of oxicams and related compounds. Another great benefit of the transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
C07D 417/12 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant plusieurs hétérocycles, au moins un cycle comportant des atomes de soufre et d'azote comme uniques hétéro-atomes du cycle, non prévus par le groupe contenant deux hétérocycles liés par une chaîne contenant des hétéro-atomes comme chaînons
C07D 279/16 - Thiazines-1, 4Thiazines-1, 4 hydrogénées condensés avec des carbocycles ou avec des systèmes carbocycliques condensés avec un cycle à six chaînons
4.
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF PROSTAGLANDINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH VERY HIGH SKIN PENETRATION RATES
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of prostaglandins, prostacyclins and related compounds in the general formula (2) 'Structure 2' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula (2) 'Structure 2' indicated above can be prepared from protected prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and related compounds, by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines and coupling reagents, such as N, N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide, O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, Benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris (dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, et al. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs in water, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The results suggest that the pro-drugs diffuse through human skin ~1000 times faster than do prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and related compounds. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the parent drugs in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and related compounds-treatable conditions in humans or animals. The prodrugs can be administered transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and related compounds. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enable prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and related compounds to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and related compounds. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
C07C 215/40 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes hydroxy et des groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques du même squelette carboné avec des atomes d'azote quaternisés liés à des atomes de carbone du squelette carboné
C07C 215/42 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes amino ou des groupes hydroxy liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles autres que des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons du même squelette carboné
5.
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF MUSTARDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH VERY HIGH SKIN PENETRATION RATES
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of mustards and related compounds in the general formula (1) 'Structure 1' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula (1) 'Structure 1' indicated above can be prepared from mustards and related compounds, by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines and coupling reagents, such as N, N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide, O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, Benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris (dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, et al. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs in water, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The results suggest that the pro-drugs diffuse through human skin ~100 times faster than do mustards and related compounds. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the parent drugs in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any mustards and related compounds-treatable conditions in humans or animals. The prodrugs can be administered transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of mustards and related compounds. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enables mustards and related compounds to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of mustards and related compounds. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
C07C 215/40 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes hydroxy et des groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques du même squelette carboné avec des atomes d'azote quaternisés liés à des atomes de carbone du squelette carboné
C07C 215/42 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes amino ou des groupes hydroxy liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles autres que des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons du même squelette carboné
6.
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF N-ARYLANTHRANILIC ACIDS WITH VERY FAST SKIN PENETRATION RATE
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of arylanthranilic acids in the general formula (1) 'Structure 1' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula (1) 'Structure 1' indicated above can be prepared from mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, flunixin, and related compounds, by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines and coupling reagents, such as N, N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide, O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, Benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris (dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, et al. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The results suggest that the pro-drugs diffuses through human skin ~200 times faster than does mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, flunixin, and related compounds. It takes 2-4 hours for mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, flunixin, and related compounds to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken orally, but these prodrugs only took about ~50 minutes to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken transdermally. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the parent drugs in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any NSAIAs-treatable conditions in humans or animals. The prodrugs can be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and thus avoid most of the side effects of NSAIAs, most notably GI disturbances such as dyspepsia, gastroduodenal bleeding, gastric ulcerations, and gastritis. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enables mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, flunixin, and related compounds to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, flunixin, and related compounds. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
C07D 213/74 - Radicaux amino ou imino substitués par des radicaux hydrocarbonés ou par des radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués
C07C 209/10 - Préparation de composés contenant des groupes amino liés à un squelette carboné par substitution de groupes fonctionnels par des groupes amino par substitution d'atomes d'halogène avec formation de groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles aromatiques à six chaînons ou à partir d'amines ayant des atomes d'azote liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles aromatiques à six chaînons
A61K 31/44 - Pyridines non condenséesLeurs dérivés hydrogénés
A61P 29/00 - Agents analgésiques, antipyrétiques ou anti-inflammatoires non centraux, p. ex. agents antirhumatismauxMédicaments anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens [AINS]
C07D 215/02 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant les systèmes cycliques de la quinoléine ou de la quinoléine hydrogénée ne comportant pas de liaison entre l'atome d'azote du cycle et un chaînon non cyclique ou ne comportant que des atomes d'hydrogène ou de carbone liés directement à l'atome d'azote du cycle
C07D 217/12 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant les systèmes cycliques de l'isoquinoléine ou de l'isoquinoléine hydrogénée avec des radicaux, substitués par des hétéro-atomes, liés aux atomes de carbone du cycle contenant l'azote
C07D 239/02 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant des cycles diazine-1, 3 ou diazine-1, 3 hydrogéné non condensés avec d'autres cycles
7.
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF ACETAMINOPHEN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH VERY FAST SKIN PENETRATION RATE
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of acetaminophen, acetaminosalol, and related compounds in the general formula (1) 'Structure 1' were designed and synthesized. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The results suggest that the pro-drugs diffuses through human skin ~150 times faster than does acetaminophen, acetaminosalol, and related compounds. It takes 1-2 hours for acetaminophen and acetaminosalol, and related compounds to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken orally, but these prodrugs only took about ~50 minutes to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken transdermally. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can be changed back to the parent drugs in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally for treating any NSAIAs-treatable conditions in humans or animals. The prodrugs can be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of NSAIAs. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrugs enables acetaminophen, acetaminosalol, and related compounds to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of acetaminophen, acetaminosalol, and related compounds. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
C07C 211/64 - Composés d'ammonium quaternaire ayant des atomes d'azote quaternisés liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles aromatiques à six chaînons
C07C 215/42 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes amino ou des groupes hydroxy liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles autres que des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons du même squelette carboné
C07C 233/07 - Amides d'acides carboxyliques ayant des atomes de carbone de groupes carboxamide liés à des atomes d'hydrogène ou à des atomes de carbone acycliques ayant les atomes d'azote des groupes carboxamide liés à des atomes d'hydrogène ou à des atomes de carbone de radicaux hydrocarbonés non substitués avec des atomes de carbone de groupes carboxamide liés à des atomes de carbone d'un squelette carboné saturé acyclique ayant l'atome d'azote d'au moins un des groupes carboxamide lié à un atome de carbone d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons
8.
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF ARYL- AND HETEROARYLPROPIONIC ACIDS WITH VERY FAST SKIN PENETRATION RATE
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of aryl- and heteroarylpropionic acids in the general formula (1) 'Structure 1' and general formula (2) 'Structure 2' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula (1) 'Structure 1' and general formula (2) 'Structure 2' indicated above can be prepared from functional derivatives of naproxen, suprofen, α- methyl-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole 3-acetic acid, flurbiprofen, carprofen, pranoprofen, benoxaprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, pirprofen, zaltoprofen, bermoprofen, loxoprofen, indoprofen, fenclorac, oxaprozin, fenbufen, orpanoxin, ketorolac, clidanac, and related compounds, (for example acid halides or mixed anhydrides), by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The results suggest that the pro-drugs diffuses through human skin -100-130 times faster than do their parent drugs. It takes 2-4 hours for naproxen, suprofen, α- methyl-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole 3-acetic acid, flurbiprofen, carprofen, pranoprofen, benoxaprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, pirprofen, zaltoprofen, bermoprofen, loxoprofen, indoprofen, fenclorac, oxaprozin, fenbufen, orpanoxin, ketorolac, clidanac, and related compounds to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken orally, but these prodrugs only took about 40-50 minutes to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken transdermally. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the drug in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any NS AIAs-treatable conditions in humans or animals. The prodrugs can be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of NSAIAs, most notably GI disturbances such as dyspepsia, gastroduodenal bleeding, gastric ulcerations, and gastritis. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrugs enable naproxen, suprofen, α- methyl-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole 3-acetic acid, flurbiprofen, carprofen, pranoprofen, benoxaprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, pirprofen, zaltoprofen, bermoprofen, loxoprofen, indoprofen, fenclorac, oxaprozin, fenbufen, orpanoxin, ketorolac, clidanac, and related compounds to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of NSAIAs. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of aryl- and heteroarylacetic acids in the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' indicated above can be prepared from functional derivatives of tolmetin, zomepirac, etodolac, amfenac, bromofenac, alclofenac, fenclofenac, acemetacin, indomethacin, sulindac, fentiazac, lonazolac, bendazac, 6MNA, ibufenac, and related compounds, (for example acid halides or mixed anhydrides), by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The results suggest that the pro-drugs diffuses through human skin ~100 times faster than does tolmetin, zomepirac, etodolac, amfenac, bromofenac, alclofenac, fenclofenac, acemetacin, indomethacin, sulindac, fentiazac, lonazolac, bendazac, or related compounds. It takes 2-4 hours for tolmetin, zomepirac, etodolac, amfenac, bromofenac, alclofenac, fenclofenac, acemetacin, indomethacin, sulindac, fentiazac, lonazolac, bendazac, 6MNA, ibufenac, and related compounds to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken orally, but these prodrugs only took about 40-50 minutes to reach the peak plasma level when they are taken transdermally. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the drug in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any NSAIAs-treatable conditions in humans or animals. The prodrugs can be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of NSAIAs, most notably GI disturbances such as dyspepsia, gastroduodenal bleeding, gastric ulcerations, and gastritis. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enables tolmetin, zomepirac, etodolac, amfenac, bromofenac, alclofenac, fenclofenac, acemetacin, indomethacin, sulindac, fentiazac, lonazolac, bendazac, 6MNA, ibufenac, and related compounds to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of NSAIAs. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
C07D 231/12 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant des cycles diazole-1, 2 ou diazole-1, 2 hydrogéné non condensés avec d'autres cycles comportant deux ou trois liaisons doubles entre chaînons cycliques ou entre chaînons cycliques et chaînons non cycliques avec uniquement des atomes d'hydrogène, des radicaux hydrocarbonés ou des radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle
10.
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF DIFLUNISAL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH VERY FAST SKIN PENETRATION RATE
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of diflunisal, salicylsalicylic acid, and salicylic acid in the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' and general formula(2) 'Structure 2' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' or general formula(2) 'Structure 2' indicated above can be prepared from functional derivatives of diflunisal, salicylsalicylic acid, or salicylic acid, (for example acid halides or mixed anhydrides), by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The results suggest that the pro-drug, diethylaminoethyl 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl) salicylate. AcOH diffuses through human skin ~150 times faster than does diflunisal itself. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the drug in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any diflunisal, salicylsalicylic acid, or salicylic acid-treatable conditions in humans or animals and be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of diflunisal, salicylsalicylic acid, or salicylic acid, most notably GI disturbances such as dyspepsia, gastroduodenal bleeding, gastric ulcerations, and gastritis. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enables diflunisal, salicylsalicylic acid, or salicylic acid to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of diflunisal, salicylsalicylic acid, or salicylic acid.
C07C 215/72 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles aromatiques à six chaînons et des groupes hydroxy liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques ou a des atomes de carbone de cycles, autres que des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons, du même squelette carboné avec des groupes amino quaternisés liés au squelette carboné
C07C 215/40 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes hydroxy et des groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques du même squelette carboné avec des atomes d'azote quaternisés liés à des atomes de carbone du squelette carboné
C07C 215/42 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes amino ou des groupes hydroxy liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles autres que des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons du même squelette carboné
C07C 225/16 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et des atomes d'oxygène, liés par des liaisons doubles, liés au même squelette carboné, au moins un des atomes d'oxygène, liés par des liaisons doubles, ne faisant pas partie d'un groupe —CHO, p. ex. aminocétones ayant des groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques du squelette carboné le squelette carboné étant non saturé et contenant des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons
11.
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF DICLOFENAC WITH VERY FAST SKIN PENETRATION RATE
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of diclofenac in the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' indicated above can be prepared from functional derivatives of diclofenac (for example acid halides or mixed anhydrides), by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs in water, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and push the pro-drug into the cytosol. The experiment results suggest that the pro-drug, diethylaminoethyl 2[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzene acetate.AcOH diffuses through human skin ~250 times faster than do 2[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzene acetic acid (diclofenac) and ethyl 2[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzene acetate. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the drug in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any diclofenac-treatable conditions in humans or animals and be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of diclofenac, most notably GI disturbances such as dyspepsia, gastroduodenal bleeding, gastric ulcerations, and gastritis. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enables the diclofenac to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of diclofenac.
C07C 215/40 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes hydroxy et des groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques du même squelette carboné avec des atomes d'azote quaternisés liés à des atomes de carbone du squelette carboné
C07C 215/42 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes amino ou des groupes hydroxy liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles autres que des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons du même squelette carboné
12.
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF KETOPROFEN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH VERY FAST SKIN PENETRATION RATE
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of ketoprofen and fenoprofen in the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' indicated above can be prepared from functional derivatives of ketoprofen and fenoprofen, (for example acid halides or mixed anhydrides), by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The results suggest that the pro-drugs, diethylaminoethyl 2-(3-benzoylphenyl) propionate.AcOH and diethylaminoethyl 2-(3-phenoxyphenyl) propionate.AcOH diffuses through human skin ~125 times faster than does ketoprofen and fenoprofen. It takes 1-2 hours for ketoprofen or fenoprofen to reach the peak ketoprofen or fenoprofen plasma level when they are taken orally, but diethylaminoethyl 2-(3-benzoylphenyl) propionate.AcOH or diethylaminoethyl 2-(3-phenoxyphenyl) propionate.AcOH only took about 40 minutes to reach the ketoprofen or fenoprofen peak plasma level. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the drug in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any ketoprofen and fenoprofen-treatable conditions in humans or animals. The prodrugs can be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of ketoprofen and fenoprofen, most notably GI disturbances such as dyspepsia, gastroduodenal bleeding, gastric ulcerations, and gastritis. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enables ketoprofen and fenoprofen to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of ketoprofen and fenoprofen. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
C07C 215/72 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles aromatiques à six chaînons et des groupes hydroxy liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques ou a des atomes de carbone de cycles, autres que des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons, du même squelette carboné avec des groupes amino quaternisés liés au squelette carboné
C07C 215/40 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes hydroxy et des groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques du même squelette carboné avec des atomes d'azote quaternisés liés à des atomes de carbone du squelette carboné
C07C 215/42 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et hydroxy liés au même squelette carboné ayant des groupes amino ou des groupes hydroxy liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles autres que des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons du même squelette carboné
C07C 225/16 - Composés contenant des groupes amino et des atomes d'oxygène, liés par des liaisons doubles, liés au même squelette carboné, au moins un des atomes d'oxygène, liés par des liaisons doubles, ne faisant pas partie d'un groupe —CHO, p. ex. aminocétones ayant des groupes amino liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques du squelette carboné le squelette carboné étant non saturé et contenant des cycles aromatiques à six chaînons
13.
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF IBUPROFEN WITH VERY FAST SKIN PENETRATION RATE
The novel positively charged pro-drugs of ibuprofen in the general formula (I) 'Structure 1' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula (I) 'Structure 1' indicated above can be prepared from functional derivatives of ibuprofen, (for example acid halides or mixed anhydrides), by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and pushes the pro-drug into the cytosol. The experiment results suggest that the pro-drug, diethylaminoethyl 2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionate.AcOH, diffuses through human skin -250 times faster than ibuprofen itself and -125 times faster than ethyl 2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionate. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the drug in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any ibuprofen-treatable conditions in humans or animals and be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of ibuprofen, most notably GI disturbances such as dyspepsia, gastroduodenal bleeding, gastric ulcerations, and gastritis. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enables the ibuprofen to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of ibuprofen.
The novel positively charged prodrugs of acetylsalicylic acid and its analogues in the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula(1) 'Structure 1' indicated above can be prepared from functional derivatives of ASA or its analogues,(for example acid halides or mixed anhydrides), by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes and push the pro-drug into the cytosol. The experiment results suggest that the pro-drug, diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate.AcOH, diffuses through human skin ~400 times faster than acetylsalicylic acid itself and ~100 times faster than ethyl acetylsalicylate. In plasma, 80% of these pro-drugs can change back to the drug in a few minutes. The pro-drugs can be used medicinally in treating any aspirin-treatable conditions in humans or animals and be administered not only orally, but also transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of aspirin, most notably GI disturbances such as dyspepsia, gastroduodenal bleeding, gastric ulcerations, and gastritis. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enables the aspirin to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of aspirin.
C07C 235/42 - Amides d'acides carboxyliques, le squelette carboné de la partie acide étant substitué de plus par des atomes d'oxygène ayant des atomes de carbone de groupes carboxamide liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles aromatiques à six chaînons et des atomes d'oxygène, liés par des liaisons simples, liés au même squelette carboné
C07C 235/16 - Amides d'acides carboxyliques, le squelette carboné de la partie acide étant substitué de plus par des atomes d'oxygène ayant des atomes de carbone de groupes carboxamide liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques et des atomes d'oxygène, liés par des liaisons simples, liés au même squelette carboné le squelette carboné étant acyclique et saturé ayant l'atome d'azote d'au moins un des groupes carboxamide lié à un atome de carbone d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons
C07C 211/64 - Composés d'ammonium quaternaire ayant des atomes d'azote quaternisés liés à des atomes de carbone de cycles aromatiques à six chaînons
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