The invention relates to a method employing an apparatus for the simultaneous processing of solid fuels and biomasses, where the thermal, untreated biomasses are simultaneously dried and comminuted in at least one comminuting device (35). In parallel, the solid fuels are simultaneously dried and also ground in a grinding or comminuting device (2, 35). The comminuted biomasses are mixed with the ground solid fuels in a mixing device. The mixture is subsequently conveyed, with a pressure of at least 1 bar above the normal gasifier pressure, via one of the transfer vessels (19a, 19b) into a reservoir vessel (37), from where it is conveyed pneumatically into the pneumatic-flow gasifier.
Improved reactors for catalytic, exothermic gas phase reactions with, as seen in the flow direction of a feed gas, which contains at least one oxidant and at least one component to be oxidized, an entry zone (1), a reaction zone (2) comprising at least one catalyst (4) and an exit zone (3) for the product gas are described. The reactors, at least in the area of the entry zone (1), have means, for example insulating jackets (6) and/or devices for the transport of cooling agents, which decrease the transport of heat produced in the reaction zone (2) into the entry zone (1) and thus decrease the risks of pre-ignition of the feed gas mixture employed or of the course of undesired side reactions in the entry zone (1) and/or wherein the inner walls of the reactor, at least in the area of the entry zone (1), are elaborated from inert material. The feed gas enters into the entry zone (1) as a homogeneous gas mixture with respect to its substance composition via one or more feed lines (30). The reactors can especially be employed for ammonia oxidation, for example in nitric acid plants, in which transition metal catalysts preferably elaborated in honeycomb form with smaller cross sections than the customarily employed platinum gauzes are used.
B01J 8/02 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
B01J 12/00 - Procédés chimiques généraux faisant réagir des milieux gazeux avec des milieux gazeuxAppareillage spécialement adapté à cet effet
B01J 15/00 - Procédés chimiques généraux faisant réagir des milieux gazeux avec des solides non particulaires, p. ex. des matériaux en feuillesAppareillage spécialement adapté à cet effet
B01J 19/24 - Réacteurs fixes sans élément interne mobile
B01J 19/26 - Réacteurs du type à injecteur, c.-à-d. dans lesquels la distribution des réactifs de départ dans le réacteur est effectuée par introduction ou injection au moyen d'injecteurs
The use of an absorbent for removal of acidic gases from a fluid stream comprising an aqueous solution of N-isopropyl-1,3-propanediamine, wherein the fluid stream is contacted with the absorbent at a partial pressure of < 200 mbar, and wherein the absorbent contains 40 to 65% of N-isopropyl-1,3-propanediamine based on the weight of the absorbent.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
4.
Device for feeding combustion air or gas influencing coal carbonization into the upper area of coke ovens
Disclosed is a device and a method for feeding primary combustion air for the combustion of coke oven gas into a coking chamber of a coke oven of the non-recovery or heat recovery type, the coke oven is provided with openings in the oven chamber through which the oven chamber can be charged with primary air, and heating flues in the oven chamber sole with openings through which the heating flues can be charged with secondary air, and downcomer-channels which allow for guiding partially burned gas for combustion with secondary air from the oven chamber into the heating flues, wherein in the oven wall above the door or in the upper door area there are one or more non-controlled openings comprised of a heat-proof material through which part of the primary air can be guided, and in the top area of the oven there are further controllable air feeder ducts conducting primary air through the oven top.
C10B 21/22 - Méthodes de chauffage des fours du type à chambre par introduction du gaz de chauffe et de l'air à des niveaux différents
C10B 47/10 - Distillation destructive des matières carbonées solides avec chauffage indirect, p. ex. par combustion externe avec charge immobile dans des fours à coke du type à chambre
C10B 21/10 - Régulation ou commande de la combustion
C10B 25/06 - PortesChâssis de portes pour fours à chambres horizontales
The invention relates to an electrolysis device for cleaning acidic waters which comprises a cathode, an anode, and an ion exchange membrane, wherein the membrane is arranged between the cathode and the anode and is attached at least along the entire circumference of its rim, wherein many inlets and outlets are arranged along the upper and lower rim of the electrolysis device which are linked to the cathode space or to the anode space, in such a way that a plug flow, ideally with a laminar profile, is created in the cathode space and in the anode space.
A pressurized gaseous mixture acidic gas and a useful gas is directly in a first absorption column with a physically acting absorption agent. Then the absorption agent loaded with the acid gas and useful gas is subdivided into first and second streams. The first stream is fed directly to a recycle flash container and there decompressed to reclaim the useful gas, extract the acidic gas from the absorption agent, and form a recycled gas containing the useful gas and acidic gas. The second stream is through a second absorption column to the recycle flash container. Some of the recycled gas from the recycle flash container is compressed and fed through the second absorption column so as to therein directly contact the second stream, and then the recycle gas that has passed through the second absorption column and contacted the second stream is returned to the gaseous mixture.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
7.
BIOMASS TORREFACTION IN A FLUIDIZED BED FOR SUBSEQUENT ENTRAINED-FLOW GASIFICATION
Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for producing biocoke from plant biomass, said biocoke being suitable for gasification in an entrained-flow reactor. The method includes the steps of comminuting, drying, and mixing the biomass and subjecting the comminuted biomass to torrefaction until a solid residue is formed. The torrefaction process is carried out in a fluidized-bed system that comprises a bed region having a high solid concentration and a free space thereabove having a low solid concentration.
C10B 57/14 - Caractéristiques des procédés de carbonisation à basse température
C10B 47/24 - Distillation destructive des matières carbonées solides avec chauffage indirect, p. ex. par combustion externe avec charge mouvante sous forme dispersée selon la technique du "lit fluidisé"
C10B 49/10 - Distillation destructive des matières carbonées solides par chauffage direct au moyen d'agents porteurs de chaleur, y compris la combustion partielle de la matière à traiter avec des gaz ou des vapeurs à haute température, p. ex. les gaz chauds obtenus par la combustion partielle de la charge avec déplacement simultané de la matière solide à traiter sous forme dispersée selon la technique du "lit fluidisé"
C10B 53/02 - Distillation destructive spécialement conçue pour des matières premières solides particulières ou sous forme spéciale de matières contenant de la cellulose
C10J 3/62 - Procédés avec retrait séparé des produits de la distillation
C10L 5/44 - Combustibles solides à base essentielle de matières d'origine non minérale de matières végétales
8.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TREATING SYNTHESIS GAS FROM THE GASIFICATION OF CARBON-CONTAINING SOLIDS
The invention relates to a method and a system (10) for treating synthesis gas from the gasification of carbon-containg solids, wherein a synthesis gas (24) that can be obtained by a gasification of carbon-containing solids is provided. The synthesis gas (27) is cleaned in a gas scrubbing unit (26). The scrubbed synthesis gas (40) is then compressed to an operating pressure for a subsequent synthesis, particularly methanol production (44), from the synthesis gas (40). According to the invention, an intermediate compression of the synthesis gas (27) takes place directly before cleaning in the gas scrubbing unit (26).
C01B 3/52 - Séparation de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène à partir de mélanges gazeux, p. ex. purification par contact avec des liquidesRégénération des liquides usés
9.
METHOD FOR REDUCING RADIANT HEAT LOSSES THROUGH COKE OVEN CHAMBER DOORS AND WALLS BY ADAPTING THE HEIGHT OR DENSITY OF THE COAL CAKE
The invention relates to a method for reducing the coking time in oven areas near the door or end walls, and for improving the coke quality and emission situation due to compensation for radiant losses through coke oven doors and end walls, wherein said compensation is performed by modifying the height of the coal cake in the vicinity of the front coke oven chamber doors, which can be done both by increasing or reducing the coal cake height over part of the length or the entire length of the coke oven chamber door. The reduction in the height of the coal cake can be achieved by leaving out coal or compacted coal, and the increase in height by heaping up coal and pressing, or adding compacted coal, wherein the pressing is also avoided, so that a recess having reduced coal cake density and reduced radiant heat is obtained.
Process and apparatus for ensuring greater uniformity of the burn-up characteristics and for reducing the thermal NOx emissions of a coking plant on the basis of the non-recovery process or the heat-recovery process using a multiplicity of furnaces, each having a furnace chamber delimited by doors and side walls for a bed of coal or a compacted coal cake and an empty chamber located above said furnace chamber, apparatuses for extracting the flue gas from the empty chamber, devices for supplying fresh air into the empty chamber, furthermore a system of sole flues for guiding flue gas or secondary feed air, which is integrated at least partially in the base underneath the furnace chamber, wherein some of the flue gas produced in the furnace is recirculated into the furnace chamber via openings or channels for the combustion process of the furnace.
C10B 15/02 - Autres fours à coke à sole chauffante
C10B 21/18 - Régulation ou commande de la combustion par remise en circulation des gaz de chauffe
F23C 9/00 - Appareils à combustion caractérisés par des dispositions pour renvoyer les produits de combustion ou les gaz de fumée dans la chambre de combustion
11.
COMBINED WASTE GAS TREATMENT OF WASTE GAS STREAMS CONTAINING AMMONIA AND NITROGEN OXIDES IN INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
The invention relates to a method for the combined elimination of both ammonia in one or more waste gas streams containing ammonia, and nitrogen oxides in one or more additional waste gas streams containing nitrogen oxide, in a combined ammonia-urea synthesis plant, after the selective non-catalytic reduction in a temperature range of 850°C to 1100°C, with which nitrogen oxide decomposition rates of up to 80% are reached, or after the selective catalytic reduction in a temperature range of 150°C to 550°C, with which nitrogen oxide decomposition rates of up to 99% are reached. The ammonia and the nitrogen oxides react with each other and are converted into nitrogen and water. The waste gas stream containing ammonia that is to be treated from a low-pressure absorber and/or an atmospheric absorber of the urea synthesis part of the plant, and the waste gas stream containing nitrogen oxide to be treated from a flue gas duct of a primary reformer of the ammonia synthesis part of the plant belonging to the combined ammonia-urea synthesis plant are mixed and, depending on the temperature of the mixture and depending on the decomposition rate of the nitrogen oxides to be achieved, a selective non-catalytic reduction or a selective catalytic reduction is carried out, wherein both the ammonia and the nitrogen oxides from the mixed waste gas streams are decomposed simultaneously in the same method step.
A process for the separation of the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene and xylene from an aromatics-containing reformate gasoline and pyrolysis gasoline or a coke-oven light oil or an aromatics-containing refinery stream, in which the aromatics are separated by an extractive distillation uses a novel solvent combination made up of the compounds n,n′-diformyl piperazine or 2,2′-bis-(cyanoethyl)ether in a combination with n-formyl morpholine as a second solvent for extractive distillation so that the solvent combination obtained shows a higher selectivity with regard to the aromatics to be extracted so that a lower solvent load is required. The aromatics-containing feed mixture is first submitted to a pre-distillation so that the obtained fraction has a narrow boiling point range. This fraction is then submitted to an extractive distillation in a first column, in which an aromatics-lean head product of predominantly paraffinic hydrocarbons is obtained as well as an aromatics-enriched bottom product. The bottom product is passed to a second column in which an aromatics-rich raffinate is obtained by reducing the pressure or increasing the temperature so that the extracting solvent combination obtained as bottom product can be recycled into the process.
The invention relates to a device and to a method for shutting off and dosing primary combustion air, which flows through an air supply into the primary combustion chamber of a coke-oven chamber, and wherein said device is designed as an inverted cup, downwardly open hollow cone or massive cone, for example, and wherein said device is manually or automatically let into or open for supplying air, so that the device for dosing and shutting off closes the air supply in a number of stages between two and infinite. By way of the device, the ventilation of a coke chamber oven with primary air can be controlled such that the primary air is precisely dosed and let into the primary heating room of a coke-oven chamber depending on the installation site in a precisely distributed manner.
The invention relates to a method for compacting coal in a manner suitable for coke oven chambers. The coal is initially compressed by means of a suitable compressing device into one or more coal cakes, and the obtained coal cakes are divided into compacted products by a cutting device, and said compacted products are stacked on top of the each other such that they can be loaded into a coke oven chamber for coking. Said compacted products enable the coke oven chambers to be loaded in a precise and a coal loss-free manner. The coal compacted products are easy to store. The invention also relates to the use of the claimed method for producing coal compacts for loading horizontal coke oven chambers.
The invention relates to a method for obtaining a pure product which contains aromatic compounds. The pure product is obtained by extractive distillation of a benzene which is rich in aromatic compounds, and olefins, diolefins and polyolefins being removed. The extractive distillation is followed by hydration of the resulting product stream which is rich in aromatic compounds and low in olefins, the alkylated aromatic compounds, especially toluol and xylols being dealkylated, and the paraffinic dealkylation products being reacted to give methane so that due to the nature of the hydration step after the extractive distillation the amount of hydrogen can be considerably reduced since the mixture of aromatic compounds is free of olefins and no hydrogen is required for olefin hydration. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out said method, preferably a column being used for extractive distillation which column allows an extractive distillation with solvent recirculation, thereby eliminating the need for an additional stripping column for removing the extracted solvent.
C10G 7/08 - Distillation extractive ou azéotropique
C10G 45/58 - Raffinage des huiles d'hydrocarbures au moyen d'hydrogène ou de composés donneurs d'hydrogène pour changer la structure du squelette de certains hydrocarbures sans craquer les autres hydrocarbures présents, p. ex. pour abaisser le point d'écoulementHydrocraquage sélectif des paraffines normales
C10G 47/02 - Craquage des huiles d'hydrocarbures, en présence d'hydrogène ou de composés donneurs d'hydrogène, pour obtenir des fractions à point d'ébullition inférieur caractérisé par le catalyseur utilisé
C10G 47/22 - Craquage non catalytique, en présence d'hydrogène
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
The invention relates to a method for compacting coal which is suitable for coke-oven chambers by pressing, wherein the coal is pressed and compressed by way of a suitable pressing device to form one or more coal compactates, wherein the pressing device has a design which provides the surface of the coal compactates with shapes. Already compacted coal blocks can also be pressed, wherein said pressing process of the present invention will then generate the surface design, so that the resulting coal compactates exhibit significantly improved properties during the carbonization process, resulting in an improved gas and heat exchange upon carbonization. The invention also relates to a device for compacting coal which is suitable for coke-oven chambers, wherein the device is preferably designed as a plate, which is provided with shaping elements on the pressing surface, and said plates can be used for pressing once or multiple times, and the shaping elements can be present in any number, type and combination.
The invention relates to a method for carrying out dehydrogenation reactions with a downstream gas scrubbing process, followed by a release step in a "high-pressure flash container" provided with mass transfer elements. Said step is carried out with a combustion gas during the flow of the mass transfer elements against the force of gravity, the combustion gas flowing through the "high-pressure flash container" in the counter-flow with the released solvent, such that the absorbed hydrocarbons are taken up in the combustion gas. In a preferred form of embodiment, the combustion gas is the feed gas, for example propane. In another form of embodiment, the combustion gas is the hot gas, for example, natural gas, which is used to heat the dehydrogenation reactor. In order to increase the efficiency of the process, the hydrocarbon flow separated from the acid gas is guided back into the process gas path upstream of the gas scrubbing.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
18.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR A CONSTANT STEAM GENERATION FROM THE WASTE HEAT OF AN ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION
The invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for providing a steam flow as constantly as possible from an alkane dehydrogenation, wherein the method is performed by way of passing a hydrocarbon-containing gas through reactor tubes which can be filled with a catalyst, and wherein the reactor tubes closed towards the outside are guided through a heating chamber which can be heated by burners, and wherein the catalyst for the reaction is regenerated cyclically, wherein the reaction is endothermic and the catalyst regeneration is not endothermic, and wherein the main burners are reduced in power during the regeneration of the catalyst, wherein auxiliary burners are positioned at the inlet of the flue gas channel for the further generation of hot flue gas which continue producing hot flue gas during the regeneration of the catalyst, wherein said hot flue gas is used to generate steam as constantly as possible from the waste heat of the process.
B01J 8/06 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes dans des réacteurs tubulairesProcédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes les particules solides étant disposées dans des tubes
C07C 5/42 - Préparation d'hydrocarbures à partir d'hydrocarbures contenant le même nombre d'atomes de carbone par déshydrogénation avec un accepteur d'hydrogène
19.
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING THE ENTHALPY OF A SYNTHESIS GAS BY MEANS OF ADDITIONAL AND POST-GASSING OF RENEWABLE FUELS
The invention relates to a process for producing a synthesis gas by means of an entrained flow gasification process under increased pressure at temperatures above the slag melting point. A solid, finely ground, carbon-containing fuel is used, which is introduced via burners into a reactor to which the oxygen or the oxygen-containing gas for gasification is also supplied, and the fuel is introduced within a burner level in which the burners are disposed concentrically around the reaction chamber or in the top region. The synthesis gas obtained is removed from the reaction chamber in a direction leading upward or downward via an outlet connector, so that the synthesis gas is conducted into a collecting chamber to be cooled down by the addition of cool gaseous, vaporous or liquid cooling media. Located between the reactor and the collecting chamber are a cooling chamber and, in the cooling chamber, further burner levels, via which a fuel made of renewable or biological fuels is introduced in the synthesis gas, so that the thermal enthalpy of the synthesis gas can be used for the endothermic gasification reaction of the biological raw material. The invention also relates to an apparatus for producing a synthesis gas, comprising a plurality of burner levels, wherein the renewable fuel is fed into the gasification chamber with or without steam or oxygen, and the enthalpy of the hot synthesis gas is used for the gasification of the renewable fuel.
The invention relates to a method for performing reactions in the gaseous phase, which are conducted over a catalyst bed comprising catalyst particles, wherein a layer of elements is arranged above the catalyst bed in the gas conducting direction so that said layer of elements prevents the catalyst particles from flowing back and swirling, and wherein the layer elements are resistant to corrosion and temperature, thus representing a failure-free retaining apparatus even at high temperatures. The invention also relates to an apparatus comprising gas-permeable layer elements, suitable for covering a catalyst bed comprising catalyst particles, so that said bed is impermeable for catalyst particles.
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
B01J 19/30 - Éléments de remplissage non agglomérés ou en forme, p. ex. anneaux de Raschig ou éléments de Berl en forme de selle, destinés à être versés dans l'appareil de transfert de chaleur ou de matière
B01J 8/02 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes
2O into nitrogen and oxygen in the gas phase, which comprises a porous support composed of polycrystalline or vitreous inorganic material, a cerium oxide functional layer applied thereto and a layer of oxidic cobalt-containing material applied thereto are described.
The catalysts can be used, in particular, as secondary or tertiary catalysts in nitric acid plants.
B01J 35/10 - Catalyseurs caractérisés par leur forme ou leurs propriétés physiques, en général solides caractérisés par leurs propriétés de surface ou leur porosité
B01J 37/02 - Imprégnation, revêtement ou précipitation
22.
METHOD FOR SUPPLYING AN ENTRAINED-FLOW GASIFICATION REACTOR WITH FUEL FROM A RESERVOIR TANK
The aim of the invention is to provide a method for supplying fuel to a pressure gasification system, ensuring that emissions of pollutants from carbon sluicing and transport are minimized or completely prevented. The aim is achieved in that a gas comprising at least 10 ppm by volume of CO is used for sluicing and/or delivering, wherein said gas is mixed with a gas containing oxygen, and that said gas mixture is heated to a temperature at which at least 10% of the pollutants present in the gas are oxidized.
The invention relates to a method for discharging the dust arising from pressure gasification using a dust precipitator having an associated discharge container, designed such that nitrogen entry into the raw gas is minimized or completely prevented, in order to keep subsequent chemical syntheses from experiencing nitrogen entry as much as possible in advance. The aim is achieved in that the filter elements positioned in the dust precipitator are backflushed using a gas comprising carbon dioxide or pure CO2 gas.
The invention relates to a method and to a system for homogenizing and controlling the solid fuels delivered pneumatically using dense flow conveyance to a gasifier for generating syngas, configured such that considerably homogenized feeding of the coal to the combustion chamber is enabled, wherein the short-term fluctuations are minimized and the gasification quality is thereby improved and control of the coal quantities to the combustion chamber are configured more effectively. Said object is achieved in that the fine-grained to powdered fuel is first delivered from a storage container (1) positioned below the combustion chamber level to a level above the combustion chamber level, and subsequently homogenized in a line directed downward toward the combustion chamber (4a, 4b).
The invention relates to a method for cyclically operating a coke oven device, wherein said device comprises an even number of coke oven banks, each in turn comprising an even number of coke oven chambers. Boiler devices are connected downstream of the coke oven banks, driving turbines using the hot exhaust gases from the coke oven banks. Energy is obtained in this manner. The coke oven chambers are cleared and filled in a precisely defined cycle, so that the production of hot exhaust gas can be homogenized over time.
C10B 41/00 - Dispositifs de sécurité, p. ex. dispositifs de signalisation ou de commande utilisés lors du défournement
F01K 3/18 - Ensembles fonctionnels caractérisés par l'emploi d'accumulateurs de vapeur ou de chaleur ou bien de réchauffeurs intermédiaires de vapeur comportant des réchauffeurs
F22B 1/18 - Méthodes de production de vapeur caractérisées par le genre de chauffage par exploitation de l'énergie thermique contenue dans une source chaude la source chaude étant un gaz chaud, p. ex. des gaz d'évacuation tels que les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne
26.
Device and method for catalytic gas phase reaction and the use thereof
Improved reactors for catalytic, exothermic gas-phase reactions having, viewed in the flow direction of a feed gas, an inlet zone (1), a reaction zone (2) containing at least one catalyst (4), and an outlet zone (3) for the product gas, are described. The reactors are provided in the inlet zone (1) or in the inlet zone (1) and the reaction zone (2) with an insulating liner (6) and/or apparatuses for the transport of cooling media and/or the interior walls of the reactor in the inlet zone (1) or in the inlet zone (1) and the reaction zone (2) consist of inert material. The insulating liner and/or cooling media reduce heat transport from the reaction zone (2) into the inlet zone (1) and thus reduce the risk of preignition of the feed gas mixture used or occurrence of undesirable secondary reactions in the inlet zone (1).
B01J 8/02 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
B01J 15/00 - Procédés chimiques généraux faisant réagir des milieux gazeux avec des solides non particulaires, p. ex. des matériaux en feuillesAppareillage spécialement adapté à cet effet
B01J 19/00 - Procédés chimiques, physiques ou physico-chimiques en généralAppareils appropriés
C01B 21/26 - Préparation par oxydation catalytique de l'ammoniac
A synthesis gas (H2+CO) originating from a gasifier is intended to be utilized in an economic and optimum manner, in particular for power generation, wherein then CO2 produced at the same time is to be fed to storage. This is achieved in that the synthesis gas (H2+CO) and oxygen (O2) from an air fractionation plant are burnt in a burner and expanded via a gas turbine (driving a generator), in that CO2 in the exhaust gas stream is separated and fed to a compressor driven by the gas turbine and fed as compressed CO2 to a CO2 store.
F01K 23/06 - Ensembles fonctionnels caractérisés par plus d'une machine motrice fournissant de l'énergie à l'extérieur de l'ensemble, ces machines motrices étant entraînées par des fluides différents les cycles de ces machines motrices étant couplés thermiquement la chaleur de combustion provenant de l'un des cycles chauffant le fluide dans un autre cycle
F02C 3/28 - Ensembles fonctionnels de turbines à gaz caractérisés par l'utilisation de produits de combustion comme fluide de travail utilisant un combustible, un oxydant ou un fluide de dilution particulier pour produire les produits de combustion le combustible ou l'oxydant étant solide ou pulvérulent, p. ex. mélangé avec un liquide ou en suspension utilisant un générateur de gaz séparé pour gazéifier le combustible avant la combustion
F02C 3/34 - Ensembles fonctionnels de turbines à gaz caractérisés par l'utilisation de produits de combustion comme fluide de travail avec recyclage d'une partie du fluide de travail, c.-à-d. cycles semi-fermés comportant des produits de combustion dans la partie fermée du cycle
F02C 6/18 - Utilisation de la chaleur perdue dans les ensembles fonctionnels de turbines à gaz à l'extérieur des ensembles eux-mêmes, p. ex. ensembles fonctionnels de chauffage à turbine à gaz
F01K 23/10 - Ensembles fonctionnels caractérisés par plus d'une machine motrice fournissant de l'énergie à l'extérieur de l'ensemble, ces machines motrices étant entraînées par des fluides différents les cycles de ces machines motrices étant couplés thermiquement la chaleur de combustion provenant de l'un des cycles chauffant le fluide dans un autre cycle le fluide à la sortie de l'un des cycles chauffant le fluide dans un autre cycle
28.
METHOD FOR PURIFYING GASES AND OBTAINING ACID GASES
The invention relates to a method for removing sour gases from raw gases (1). The removed sour gases are intended to accumulate at a high regeneration pressure. This enables the sour gases to be transported to a storage area with a minimum effort for compression. The raw gas (1) is fed into an absorption column (40) and there purified of the sour gas components present in the raw gas (1), under increased operational pressure, by means of a physical absorption agent (16). The absorption agent (5) charged with sour gases and useful gases is then fed into a high-pressure stripping column (43), in which a portion of the absorption agent is vaporized, and a stripping vapor is thereby generated. The coabsorbed useful gases are driven out by the stripping vapor. The useful gases are drawn off at the head of the high-pressure stripping column (43). The absorption agent present in the head vapors of the high-pressure stripping column (43) is liquefied and fed back into the high-pressure stripping column (43). The flow of absorption agent (7) departing the base of the high-pressure stripping column (43) is fed into a high-pressure regeneration column (47), in which the sour gases present in the absorption agent are separated out and drawn off from the head of the high-pressure regeneration column (47) at high pressure. The regenerated absorption agent (10) is drawn off at the base of the high-pressure regeneration column (47) and fed back into the absorption column (40).
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
29.
VARIATION OF THE TIN IMPREGNATION OF A CATALYST FOR THE DEHYDROGENATION OF ALKANES
The invention relates to a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of alkanes or alkyl substituents of hydrocarbons, comprising a shaped body having at least one or more oxides from the elements of the main or secondary group II to IV of the periodic table or of an oxidic mixed compound based thereon, wherein the constituents serve as base material of the shape body. The catalyst further comprises an additional constituent having an oxide of an element of the main group IV of the periodic table that is added during the shaping process. A platinum compound and a compound made of an element of the main group IV of the periodic table is chosen as a surface constituent of the catalyst. The invention further relates to the production of the catalyst from the claimed materials by means of different process steps and to a method for the dehydrogenation of alkanes using the catalyst according to the invention.
By means of a process for supplying a reactor (32) for generating crude synthesis gas with fuel (3), the fuel supply to a pressurized gasification plant according to the line should be configured in such a manner that the nitrogen input into the crude gas is minimized or completely avoided. This is achieved by using a gas predominantly consisting of CO2 (more than 95 vol% CO2 with admixtures such as H2, CO, N2, hydrocarbons or the like) - for inertizing and loosening the fuel in the storage vessel (2), - for loosening and fluidizing the contents of the lock vessel (5), - as lock gas from the lock vessels (5), - for loosening and fluidizing in the storage vessel (29) and also - for feeding the fuel between the plant components and from the storage vessel (25) to the gasification reactor (32).
REMOVAL OF AMMONIA NITROGEN, AMMONIUM NITROGEN AND UREA NITROGEN BY OXIDATION WITH HYPOCHLORITE-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS FROM EXHAUST AIR IN PLANTS FOR PRODUCING AMMONIA AND UREA
Process for scrubbing out ammonia nitrogen and/or ammonium nitrogen and/or urea nitrogen from exhaust gases enriched with these nitrogen compounds in plants for producing ammonia or urea, wherein the nitrogen compounds first form with a hypochlorite-containing solution in a scrubber an intermediate which under acidic or neutral reaction conditions is reacted to form elemental nitrogen and salt, and the reaction of the nitrogen compounds to form elemental nitrogen and salt proceeds in a pH range of 4 to 6.
Improved reactors for catalytic, exothermic gas phase reactions with, as seen in the flow direction of a feed gas, which contains at least one oxidant and at least one component to be oxidized, an entry zone (1), a reaction zone (2) comprising at least one catalyst (4) and an exit zone (3) for the product gas are described. The reactors, at least in the area of the entry zone (1), have means, for example insulating jackets (6) and/or devices for the transport of cooling agents, which decrease the transport of heat produced in the reaction zone (2) into the entry zone (1) and thus decrease the risks of pre-ignition of the feed gas mixture employed or of the course of undesired side reactions in the entry zone (1) and/or wherein the inner walls of the reactor, at least in the area of the entry zone (1), are elaborated from inert material. The feed gas enters into the entry zone (1) as a homogeneous gas mixture with respect to its substance composition via one or more feed lines (30). The reactors can especially be employed for ammonia oxidation, for example in nitric acid plants, in which transition metal catalysts preferably elaborated in honeycomb form with smaller cross sections than the customarily employed platinum gauzes are used.
B01J 8/02 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes
B01J 12/00 - Procédés chimiques généraux faisant réagir des milieux gazeux avec des milieux gazeuxAppareillage spécialement adapté à cet effet
B01J 15/00 - Procédés chimiques généraux faisant réagir des milieux gazeux avec des solides non particulaires, p. ex. des matériaux en feuillesAppareillage spécialement adapté à cet effet
C01B 21/20 - Oxydes d'azoteOxyacides d'azoteLeurs sels
The invention relates to improved reactors for catalytic, exothermal gas phase reactions having an entrance zone (1), a reaction zone (2) comprising at least one catalyst (4) and an outlet zone (3) for the product gas, viewed in the flow direction of a reactant gas comprising at least one oxidizing agent and at least one component to be oxidized. The reactors have means, such as insulating jackets (6) and/or devices for transporting coolant, at least in the region of the entrance zone (1), wherein said coolants reduce the transport of heat generated in the reaction zone (2) into the entrance zone (1) and thus reduce the risks of advanced ignition of the reactant gas mixture used or the development of undesired secondary reactions in the entrance zone (1) and/or wherein the inside walls of the reactor are designed from inert material, at least in the region of the entrance zone (1). The reactant gas enters the entrance zone (1) as a homogenous gas mixture, with regard to the material composition thereof, via one or more supply lines (30). The reactors can be used particularly for ammonia oxidation, such as in nitric acid systems, in which preferably honeycombed transition metal catalysts having small cross-sections are used as the platinum nets that are conventionally employed.
C01B 21/20 - Oxydes d'azoteOxyacides d'azoteLeurs sels
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
B01J 8/02 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes
B01J 19/00 - Procédés chimiques, physiques ou physico-chimiques en généralAppareils appropriés
B01J 12/00 - Procédés chimiques généraux faisant réagir des milieux gazeux avec des milieux gazeuxAppareillage spécialement adapté à cet effet
B01J 15/00 - Procédés chimiques généraux faisant réagir des milieux gazeux avec des solides non particulaires, p. ex. des matériaux en feuillesAppareillage spécialement adapté à cet effet
Collecting line for removing hot process gases conducted in process gas tubes from tubular reformers, wherein the collecting line has on the inside at least one insulation layer made of fire-resistant concrete or fire-resistant brick, and on the outside a wall made of a metallic outer tube, comprises a plurality of stubs via which the process gas tubes of the tubular furnace can be connected to the collecting line, wherein in the region of the stubs, the process gas tubes are at least in part conducted in guide tubes, and each gas outlet connected to the respective process gas tube projects into the collecting line, by means of which the process gas is introduced into the collecting line in correct functioning, and at least one gas outlet is constructed as a pipe bend.
B01J 19/00 - Procédés chimiques, physiques ou physico-chimiques en généralAppareils appropriés
F02M 25/10 - Appareils spécifiques conjugués aux moteurs pour ajouter des substances non combustibles ou de petites quantités de combustible secondaire, à l’air comburant, au combustible principal ou au mélange air-combustible ajoutant de l'acétylène, de l'hydrogène non en provenance de l'eau, de l'oxygène non en provenance de l'air ou de l'ozone
B01F 3/04 - Mélange, p.ex. dispersion, émulsion, selon les phases à mélanger de gaz ou de vapeurs avec des liquides
Process for heat utilization in steam reforming, comprising a high-temperature conversion unit, a first heat exchanger, and hereinafter boiler feed water preheater, product condensate heat exchanger, and low-pressure evaporator, a cooling section, in which the process gas is further cooled and a condensate stream is generated and the resultant process gas is passed through at least one unit for further processing. In addition, a deionized water stream, a water treatment unit, wherein a first part of the boiler feed water stream is passed into the low-pressure evaporator, and the low-pressure steam generated is divided and a first substream of the low-pressure steam is conducted into the water treatment unit for heat transfer and a second substream of the low-pressure steam is passed to at least one consumer. A second part of the boiler feed water stream is passed via a heat exchanger and one or more boiler feed water preheaters and finally passed for steam generation. The condensate stream from the cooling section is passed into the product condensate heat exchanger via a unit for pressure elevation.
C01B 3/34 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés organiques gazeux ou liquides avec des agents gazéifiants, p. ex. de l'eau, du gaz carbonique, de l'air par réaction d'hydrocarbures avec des agents gazéifiants
36.
WASHING SOLUTION FOR GAS SCRUBBING, CONTAINING AMINES IN AN AQUEOUS AMMONIA SOLUTION AND USE THEREOF
The invention relates to a method and a solvent combination for the gas scrubbing of industrial gases, said method being used for the gas separation of acid gases, in particular carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. The claimed solvent combination comprises a solution of amines in water, which contains ammonia for improving the C02 absorption. Any amines with one or two substituents fall into the groups of primary and secondary amines. Piperazine and piperazine derivatives are particularly suitable as components of the claimed solvent combination.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
37.
AIR DISTRIBUTION DEVICE FOR PRIMARY AIR IN COKE OVENS
The invention relates to a device for the directed introduction of primary combustion air to the primary heating chamber of a coke oven chamber, the primary air being supplied through inlet openings in the ceiling of a coke oven chamber or to the front walls of the coke oven chamber above the door of the coke oven chamber or in the door of the coke oven chamber or in a plurality of or all of the above-mentioned locations, said inlet openings containing inserts which are fitted with spouts that are directed towards the interior of the oven. Said spouts have an angle which is directed towards the exterior of the opening and which guides the primary air onto the coke cake at a slanted angle so that the air coming from the openings in the coke oven chamber ceiling impacts the coke oven at an angle of less than 90°C and the air coming from the openings in the coke oven chamber wall above the door of the coke oven chamber or in the coke oven door at an angle of more than 0°. The invention also relates to a method for the directed introduction of the primary air using the device according to the invention. The method according to the invention allows a substantial improvement of the mixing of coke gas and primary combustion air in the primary heating chamber.
The invention relates to a method and an installation for the uninterrupted supply with fuel of a gasification installation for producing raw synthesis gas, the fuel being supplied from a fuel reservoir to a combined drying and pulverizing installation, the pulverized fuel thereby produced being supplied to a fuel storage container, from there to a pulverized fuel supply container and then to the gasifier via transport means. The aim of the invention is to increase the installation availability while minimizing the storage capacities to particularly reduce costs. For this purpose, the pulverized fuel is supplied to the storage container via transport means from at least two combined drying and pulverizing installations, at least one of the transport means being used as a pulverized fuel transport device by at least two combined drying and pulverizing installations.
The invention relates to a method for desulphurization, wherein a gas mixture, for separation of acid gas components, is subjected to a separation process in which an acid gas containing carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds, in particular hydrogen sulphide, is formed, wherein the acid gas, for separating off elemental sulphur, is fed to a Claus plant and wherein the residual gas leaving the Claus plant is subjected to further fractionation in which the water formed in the Claus process is at least partially removed. According to the invention, as oxygen-containing reaction gas, only technically pure oxygen is fed to the Claus plant, wherein carbon dioxide stored downstream of the Claus plant is taken off in a purity which enables immediate sequestration or industrial use.
C01B 17/04 - Préparation du soufrePurification à partir de composés sulfurés gazeux, y compris les sulfures gazeux
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
The invention relates to a method and to a system for treating a hot raw gas generated by an entrained-flow gasification plant, wherein the sulfurous and carbonaceous compounds are separated such that hot gas is provided for further use. This is achieved in that a desulfurization installation (7) is connected downstream in series with the gasifier (2) in the flow path of the hot gas, and a solid precipitator (8, 9) is connected downstream thereof, wherein a partial flow (13) of the gas through a water quench (14), a Venturi washer (15), a raw gas cooler (16), and an H2O separator (17) and a compressor (18) is connected downstream of the solid precipitator (8, 9), the flow path (19) thereof being cooled and circulated back behind the gasifier (2) and upstream of the desulfurization system.
B01D 53/02 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par adsorption, p. ex. chromatographie préparatoire en phase gazeuse
C10K 1/20 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par traitement avec des solidesRégénération des masses de purification usées
C10K 1/32 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone avec des solides absorbants sélectifs, p. ex. le charbon actif
41.
AIR METERING SYSTEM FOR SECONDARY AIR IN COKING FURNACES AS A FUNCTION OF THE RATIO OF CUPOLA TEMPERATURE TO SOLE TEMPERATURE
The invention relates to a device for metering secondary combustion air in the secondary air soles of coking chamber furnaces, wherein said device is formed by a pusher or a block-shaped device or plate displaced by means of a pushrod, wherein said pushrod is moved longitudinally parallel to the coking chamber furnace wall, so that the plates move away from the secondary air openings and open or close said openings. The pushrod is moved by means of a servomotor, wherein the force transmission is done hydraulically or pneumatically. Using suitable measurement parameters, the secondary heating can thus be optimized, so that the heating is even on all sides, thus achieving an improvement in coke quality.
The invention relates to a method and a device for saving fuel used in furnaces for thermally cracking halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially 1,2-dichloroethane, using chemical cracking promoters or physical measures initiating the cracking reaction. The temperature level in the reaction mixture is reduced by initiating the cracking reaction while the conversion percentage remains the same. In this way, the average furnace chamber temperature can be reduced and fuel can be saved. In a preferred embodiment of the method, the flue gas exhausted from the convection zone of the cracking furnace is analyzed and the dew point thereof is calculated. The dew point of the flue gas or the conversion percentage of the cracking reaction is used as the reference value for the intensity of the physical measure for initiation and/or for the quantity of the chemical cracking promoter to be added and/or for the fuel quantity. In a second preferred embodiment of the method, the latent heat content of the fuel gas is used to preheat the burner air or other media.
B01D 3/06 - Distillation par évaporation brusque (flash)
B01J 19/12 - Procédés utilisant l'application directe de l'énergie ondulatoire ou électrique, ou un rayonnement particulaireAppareils à cet usage utilisant des radiations électromagnétiques
B01J 19/24 - Réacteurs fixes sans élément interne mobile
43.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
The invention relates to a method and a device for thermally cracking halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially for thermally cracking 1,2-dichloroethane to give vinyl chloride, in a manner that is gentle to the product, using chemical cracking promoters and/or physical measures initiating the cracking reaction. The temperature level in the reaction mixture and the temperature of the cracked gas leaving the cracking furnace is reduced by initiating the cracking reaction while the conversion percentage remains the same. The quantity and the outlet temperature of the flue gas from the convection zone of the cracking furnace is likewise reduced. In order to be able to put the operation that is gentle to the product into practice in the radiation section of the cracking furnace while at the same time maintaining the functioning of the convection zone, the heat supply to the cracking furnace is distributed in such a manner that a part of the heat obtained by bottom firing is supplied by means of burners in the radiation section and the other part of the heat obtained by bottom-firing is supplied by means of burners that are arranged at the outlet of the flue gas from the radiation section. The partial decoupling of the heat supply of the radiation section and the convection zone allows an operation that is especially gentle to the product.
B01J 19/24 - Réacteurs fixes sans élément interne mobile
B01J 19/12 - Procédés utilisant l'application directe de l'énergie ondulatoire ou électrique, ou un rayonnement particulaireAppareils à cet usage utilisant des radiations électromagnétiques
44.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
The invention relates to a method and a device for producing ethylenically unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons, especially of vinyl chloride, by thermally cracking 1,2-dichloroethane, using physical or chemical measures initiating the cracking reaction. The method and the device according to the invention allow the output obtainable using the cracking reactors of a defined size to be considerably increased. According to the method, initiating measures are used to increase the flux density through the wall of the reactor tube and at the same to increase the reactant feed rate and the heating capacity of the reaction furnace to such an extent that the conversion percentage of the reaction is not considerably increased as compared to methods not using initiating measures. In order to be able to operate the method in an economical manner even when the reaction temperature is reduced, the process parameters have to be adjusted such that the evaporation of the quantity of feedstock used is brought about to at least 50% by means of the perceptible heat content of the reaction mixture leaving the reaction zone.
B01D 3/06 - Distillation par évaporation brusque (flash)
B01J 19/12 - Procédés utilisant l'application directe de l'énergie ondulatoire ou électrique, ou un rayonnement particulaireAppareils à cet usage utilisant des radiations électromagnétiques
B01J 19/24 - Réacteurs fixes sans élément interne mobile
45.
METHOD FOR USING THE REACTION HEAT DEVELOPING DURING THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE FROM ETHYLENE IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
The invention relates to a method for using the reaction heat developing during the production of 1,2-dichloroethane from ethylene by reaction with oxygen and hydrogen chloride (oxichlorination) in a fluidized bed reactor. By dissipating said reaction heat through cooling pipe bundles located inside the reactor and positioned in the fluidized bed, the use of the heat is to be improved while at the same time reducing the size of the associated system parts. This is achieved in that part of the reaction heat is dissipated by heating boiler feed water, wherein the heated boiler feed water is used to heat heat sinks during the production process.
The invention relates to a system for producing synthesis gas, comprising a reactor and a gas cooler/purifier which is fluid connection with said reactor. The aim of the invention is to establish a connection, as compact as possible, between the reactor and the gas cooler/purifier, thermal expansions occurring at different temperatures being detected. Said aim is achieved by the fact that the connection between the reactor (1) and the gas cooler/purifier (7) is formed by a horizontal connection piece (5) comprising a throttle element (6) which is designed as a Venturi element (6).
The present invention relates to three variants for preparing a mixture of cyclic diesters derived from lactic acid and especially a racemate of dilactide. This can proceed, as desired, from the corresponding a-hydroxycarboxylic acids, the corresponding cyclic diesters or oligomers of the corresponding a-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
The invention relates to a method and a device for the soot-free production of synthesis gas based on a hydrocarbon-containing feed gas and an oxygen-containing gas in a multi-stage cascade which comprises at least one of the stages of catalytic autothermal reformation and/or catalytic partial oxidation, oxygen-containing gas and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas being supplied to every stage of the cascade and being converted to a hydrogen-containing process gas and running through the entire subsequent cascade in a chronological order. Alternatively, the cascade is a two-stage serial arrangement containing an allothermal steam methane reformer in the first stage and a catalytic autothermal reformer in the second stage, the hydrogen-containing process gas of the first stage being supplied to the second stage and additionally hydrocarbon-containing feed gas, steam and oxygen-containing gas being supplied. A maximum of 1.5 times the amount of O2 is supplied to the catalytic autothermal reformer, said amount corresponding to the amount of H2 that is produced in the allothermal steam methane reformer. The hydrocarbon-containing feed gas and the oxygen-containing gas are fed via devices which project into the last catalytic autothermal reformer stage on different levels and with different orientation. The oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the reactor via a separate feed transversally to the center of the circular reactor above the catalyst bed and the hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is preferably fed axially at the top of the reactor.
C01B 3/38 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés organiques gazeux ou liquides avec des agents gazéifiants, p. ex. de l'eau, du gaz carbonique, de l'air par réaction d'hydrocarbures avec des agents gazéifiants avec des catalyseurs
B01J 8/02 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes
The invention relates to a device for gasifying carbonaceous fuels, comprising an outlet for slag to a slag bath. The device is characterized by a gasifier outlet opening (6) comprising a ceramic drip edge (7) which can be electrically heated. The gasifier outlet opening can thus be reliably maintained at a temperature which ensures the discharge of the slag.
An axial thin-film reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions in the gas phase, comprising a cylindrical pressure casing (1), a device for letting in a gaseous reactant stream (6), a device for letting out a gaseous product stream (3), a device for receiving a catalyst bed (5) arranged vertically in the reaction chamber and isolated from the reactor wall at the sides and at the ends so as to produce two separate chambers for the gaseous reactant stream and the gaseous product stream that are sealed with respect to one another and have two gas-permeable bounding walls arranged plane-parallel to one another. The device (5) is designed in such a way that it has a height-to-thickness ratio greater than 1 and the catalyst bed (7) has a height-to-thickness ratio greater than 1, wherein the catalyst bed (7) is arranged over its height along the vertical reactor axis and the gas entry and gas exit into and from the catalyst bed take place transversely in relation to the reactor axis, while the gas inlet (6) and gas outlet (3) of the reactor lie at the same height of the cylindrical pressure casing.
B01J 8/02 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
51.
HIGHLY POROUS FOAM CERAMICS AS CATALYST CARRIERS FOR THE DEHYDROGENATION OF ALKANES
The invention relates to a material which is suitable as a carrier for catalysts in alkane dehydrogenations and in oxidative alkane hydrogenations, and which is produced as an oxidic or non-oxidic ceramic foam, and which can contain the substances aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium aluminate, zinc aluminate, silicon carbide, and boron nitride in combination, and which is impregnated with one or more suitable catalytically active materials, whereby the flow resistance of the catalyst is substantially lowered, the accessibility of the catalytically active material is significantly improved, and the thermal and mechanical stability of the material is increased. The invention also relates to a method for producing the material and to a method for alkane dehydrogenation using the material according to the invention.
B01J 37/02 - Imprégnation, revêtement ou précipitation
C04B 38/10 - Mortiers, béton, pierre artificielle ou articles de céramiques poreuxLeur préparation en utilisant des agents moussants
C07C 5/32 - Préparation d'hydrocarbures à partir d'hydrocarbures contenant le même nombre d'atomes de carbone par déshydrogénation avec formation d'hydrogène libre
52.
SLAG DISCHARGE FROM REACTOR FOR SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION
The aim of the invention is to devise a method for discharging slag from a water bath (2) of a reactor for synthesis gas production in which the slag is brought to a lower pressure level by means of a transfer vessel (6a, 6b) which method allows a low temperature to be achieved for the components involved in the discharge of the slag while making immediate slag discharge possible without water exchange and with minimal cooling power being required. This aim is achieved by feeding to the stream of slag in the outlet region of the slag from the water bath of the gas generator or the pressure vessel surrounding the latter a stream of cooling water (9a) in an area of greater cross section (14) than the cross section of the inlet connector of a further part of the plant, such as for example of the transfer vessel, in such a way that a temperature stratification is made possible in the outlet region.
A device for the degassing of a dust from a synthesis gas which is produced by means of a gasification process, comprising a main dust separator (3), a combination tank (5), means for degassing and cooling, a storage device for dust (17), wherein the synthesis gas which is produced is conducted via a connecting line (1) into a main dust separator (3) from which a dust-free synthesis crude gas flow (2) and a dust-like solid matter (4), which also still comprises synthesis crude gas in the gaps between the dust particles, can be extracted, the dust-like solid matter (4) is conducted into a combination tank (5) which has devices with which said dust-like solid matter (4) can be expanded to a lower pressure level such that a waste gas (19) is obtained and a solid matter remains which contains smaller gas quantities in the gap volume, a transport device is provided for transporting a solid matter (7) into a gas exchange device (21), said gas exchange device (21) comprising a gas exchange tank (10), a dust separator (13), a metering device for exchange gas (11), wherein the gas exchange tank (10) can be expanded to atmospheric pressure, the gas exchange device (21) has an outlet opening for a solid matter which has been at least partially freed from synthesis crude gas, the gas exchange device (21) has an upwardly directed feed device (12) in which an upwardly directed gas and solid matter flow can be generated, the feed device (12) has an open cross section, a lower free opening and an upper free opening, a metering device, which is directed into the lower opening, for exchange gas (11) is arranged below the lower end of the feed device (12), and the dust separator (13) has an extraction device (18) for a waste gas flow and a downwardly directed connection (14) for a solid matter, which has been freed from synthesis crude gas, into the gas exchange tank (10).
Process for utilizing synthesis gas heat for the generation of supercritical steam in a low energy ammonia or methanol plant comprising a reforming or partial oxidation stage (1), at least one supercritical steam generator (3) having a shell side and a tube side, at least one superheater (14), at least one back pressure turbine (17), at least one extraction and condensing turbine (23), at least one boiler feedwater pump (7). The synthesized synthesis gas (2) is sent to the shell side of the supercritical steam generator (3), the supercritical steam generator (3) is fed with pressurized feedwater (4), the feedwater flow is adjusted to maintain the steam temperature at the exit of the supercritical steam generator in the range of 375-500 C (13), the supercritical steam is generated in the supercritical steam generator at a pressure of 225 - 450 bar, the supercritical steam (13) is further heated in a superheater (14) to a temperature of 500 - 750 C, and the supercritical steam generated in the superheater is fed to a back pressure turbine (17).
C01B 3/02 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène
C01B 3/34 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés organiques gazeux ou liquides avec des agents gazéifiants, p. ex. de l'eau, du gaz carbonique, de l'air par réaction d'hydrocarbures avec des agents gazéifiants
F01K 23/06 - Ensembles fonctionnels caractérisés par plus d'une machine motrice fournissant de l'énergie à l'extérieur de l'ensemble, ces machines motrices étant entraînées par des fluides différents les cycles de ces machines motrices étant couplés thermiquement la chaleur de combustion provenant de l'un des cycles chauffant le fluide dans un autre cycle
F22G 1/00 - Surchauffe de la vapeur caractérisée par la méthode de chauffage
55.
METHOD AND REACTORS FOR GASIFYING DUSTY, SOLID, OR LIQUID FUELS
Disclosed is a method for cooling high-temperature loaded units in cooled reactors used for gasifying carbon-containing fuels by means of oxygen-containing gasification media, the reactor walls being cooled using a coolant cycle. In order to definitely prevent substances from penetrating from the reactor into the cooling cycle in case of leaks, the units that are to be cooled, e.g. gasification burners, burner muffles, or the like, are equipped with an independent cooling cycle which is directly connected to the main cooling cycle.
The aim of the invention is to design a slag runner on burners or burner recesses for providing protection against dripping slag produced when ash-containing, finely divided fuels are gasified within a gasifier such that the burner outlets or the burner recesses are safely prevented from getting clogged with slag. Said aim is achieved by the fact that the slag runner (8) is formed by a plurality of pipe elbows (9) through which cooling medium flows and which form a runner surface that faces the interior of the gasifier, extends at an angle from the gasifier wall (1), and shields the burner (2) or the burner recess (7) in the top region in the direction of gravity in the mounted position, said runner surface forming a substantially acute angle (α) relative to the burner wall (1).
One of the gasifying burners is designed as a start-up burner (15), for the ignition of which there is at least one pilot burner (2), which is ignited by means of an electrical ignition device (9), wherein a combustible gas mixture comprising a fuel gas and a gas containing oxygen is ignited in the start-up burner (15) by the pilot burner (2), wherein, after the start-up burner (15) has been ignited, at least one further gasifying burner is ignited by said start-up burner (15) and, by changing the medium, the start-up burner is then operated as one of the burners gasifying the carbon-containing fuel.
F23D 14/26 - Brûleurs pour la combustion d'un gaz, p. ex. d'un gaz stocké sous pression à l'état liquide avec dispositifs pour retenir la flamme
F23N 5/02 - Systèmes de commande de la combustion utilisant des dispositifs sensibles aux variations thermiques ou à la dilatation thermique d'un agent
C01B 3/36 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés organiques gazeux ou liquides avec des agents gazéifiants, p. ex. de l'eau, du gaz carbonique, de l'air par réaction d'hydrocarbures avec des agents gazéifiants avec l'oxygène ou des mélanges contenant de l'oxygène comme agents gazéifiants
The invention relates to a device for removing clinker from a coal gasification reactor and a clinker bath present in the reaction vessel, the clinker being removed in a removal container downstream of the clinker bath. The removal container consists of an upper and a lower cylindrical element and the upper cylindrical element has a smaller diameter than the lower cylindrical element and both cylindrical elements are interconnected via a tapered section, said tapered section being preferably conical, and the tapered section having an angle that is similar to that of the angle of repose of the clinker. The invention also relates to a method for removing clinker from a coal gasification reactor and a clinker bath present in the reaction vessel, the device allowing the removal of clinker in a removal container and preventing clinker from being deposited in the removal container.
The invention relates to a method for removing clinker and ashes from a gasification reactor (1), said solids being conveyed from the gasification reactor to a water bath (2) which is present along with the gasification reactor in a pressure vessel, at least two removal containers (A, B) being present below the water bath. The removal containers are supplied with a water/solid flow via a conduit (6) and a distributor (5). The removal containers can be supplied with a water/solid flow individually and in a controlled manner via shut-off devices (7, 11), the filling of the containers being controlled in such a manner that the process of deposition is promoted by withdrawing a liquid flow from the filling removal container and the filling is time-controlled in such a manner that the solids are prevented from being deposited upstream of the valves and the removal containers. The invention also relates to a device comprising at least two removal containers below the water bath of a gasification reactor, a distributor and shut-off devices being mounted between the water bath and the removal containers in a preferred embodiment.
The invention relates to a method for processing organic acids from fermenter liquors, wherein the pH value is set during fermentation by adding a base that binds the resulting organic acid as salt, the biomass is separated from the fermentation liquor, and the resulting filtrate is treated with acid. A mixture is thus obtained, comprising the released organic acid and further components, in that the mixture is applied to a chromatography resin equilibrated with a suitable mobile phase, using continuously operated simulated moving bed chromatography, comprising one or more columns that are connected to each other. The column with the mobile phase is rinsed, and different fractions are obtained, in which individual components of the mixture are collected separately from each other due to different retention times.
Process for removing acid gases from a gas stream, in particular from a natural gas stream, synthesis gas stream or the like, wherein the acid gases are absorbed from the gas stream by at least one absorbent. The absorbent used is a mixture of a physical scrubbing medium, a chemical scrubbing medium and water. The absorbent comprises more than 60% by weight of the physical scrubbing medium, wherein the physical scrubbing medium used is a morpholine derivative and a chemical scrubbing medium based on at least one aliphatic amine compound is used.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
C10K 1/08 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par lavage avec des liquidesRégénération des liqueurs de lavage
C10L 3/10 - Post-traitement de gaz naturel ou de gaz naturel de synthèse
63.
EFFICIENT AND HIGHLY ENANTIOSELECTIVE RH-CATALYZED HYDROGENATIONS OF UNSATURATED LACTACTE PRECURSORS WITH CHIRAL BISPHOSPHOLANES AS LIGANDS
The current invention relates to an asymmetric hydrogenation process of prochiral α- acetoxy acrylic acid esters for the synthesis of enantiopure lactic acid esters by the use of Rh-catalyzed bisphospholane ligands in a unit using an autoclave, and a distillation process. In a first process step α-acetoxy acrylic acid esters (1) and Rh-catalyzed bisphospholane ligands are dissolved in a solvent as substrate solution, in a second process step the substrate solution is added to an evacuated autoclave, in a third process step H2 is fed into the autoclave, in a fourth process step the asymmetric hydrogenation reaction is carried out under H2-pressure, and in a fifth process step the reaction product composed of solvent, lactic acid esters (2), remaining α-acetoxy acrylic acid esters (1) and Rh-catalyzed bisphospholane ligands is transferred into a distillation unit, is being distilled and enantiopure lactic acid esters (2) are separated from solvent, α-acetoxy acrylic acid esters (1) and Rh-catalyzed bisphospholane ligands. In this process propylene carbonate is used as solvent in the first process step, and the distillation is performed in a Spaltrohrkolonne in the fifth process step.
C07C 67/303 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par modification de la partie acide de l'ester sans introduction d'un groupe ester par hydrogénation de liaisons non saturées carbone-carbone
B01J 14/00 - Procédés chimiques généraux faisant réagir des liquides avec des liquidesAppareillage spécialement adapté à cet effet
The invention relates to a method and a system for operating a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, wherein a feed gas comprising CO and H2 from coal gasification (1) is desulfurized and subsequently fed into a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis as an input gas, wherein hydrocarbons are formed from carbonic oxides and hydrogen by catalytic reactions. The hydrocarbons are separated as liquid products (4), and a gas flow comprising CO and CO2 exiting the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit (3) is compressed and fed into a conversion stage, wherein CO and steam are transformed into H2 and CO2. In the method according to the invention, the gas exiting the conversion stage is fed back into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit as a gas rich in H2, together with the desulfurized input gas, after the gas is prepared in that CO2 and/or further components other than H2 are removed.
C10G 2/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures de composition non définie à partir d'oxydes de carbone
C01B 3/12 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés inorganiques comportant un hydrogène lié électropositivement, p. ex. de l'eau, des acides, des bases, de l'ammoniac, avec des agents réducteurs inorganiques par réaction de la vapeur d'eau avec l'oxyde de carbone
C10J 3/00 - Production de gaz contenant de l'oxyde de carbone et de l'hydrogène, p. ex. du gaz de synthèse ou du gaz de ville, à partir de matières carbonées solides par des procédés d'oxydation partielle faisant intervenir de l'oxygène ou de la vapeur
65.
SEALING THE NO COMPRESSOR AND THE RESIDUAL GAS EXPANDER IN A NITRIC ACID PLANT
Method for sealing the NO compressor (3) and the residual gas expander (11) in a plant for producing nitric acid by the dual pressure process, containing a low-pressure part (1), an NO compressor (3), wherein the shafts of the NO compressor (14, 15) are sealed from the gas-bearing parts by means of at least 2 sealing chambers, a high-pressure part with oxidation and absorption (5), at least one heat exchanger (7), a residual gas expander (11), wherein the shafts of the residual gas expander (12, 13) are sealed from the gas-bearing parts by means of at least 2 sealing chambers, and the sealing chambers all have labyrinth seals. In this method ammonia and compressed air are passed into the low-pressure part (3) of the nitric acid plant and there ammonia is oxidized to NO and water by means of a catalyst, and the resultant NO is in part oxidized to NO2. The resultant NO- and NO2-saturated gas (2) is passed into the NO compressor (3), the compressed NO- and NO2-saturated gas (4) is passed into the high-pressure part (5) of the nitric acid plant where an oxidation of the remaining NO to NO2 proceeds, followed by an absorption of nitrogen dioxide to give nitric acid, the residual gas of the high-pressure part (6) is passed via at least one heat exchanger (7) into the residual gas expander (11), wherein the first sealing chamber (22) is situated in each case next to the gas-bearing rotor (27) of the compressor (3) or the expander (11), a part of the residual gas (8) is taken off downstream of the heat exchanger (10) and divided into 2 substreams (17, 21) of which the first substream (21) is passed into the respective first sealing chambers (14, 15) of the NO compressor (3), and of which the second substream (17) is passed into the respective first sealing chambers (12, 13) of the residual gas expander (11), and the majority of the residual gas of the substreams, owing to the higher pressure level, passes through the labyrinth seal (25) separating the gas-bearing rotor (27) from the first sealing chamber (22) to the gas-bearing rotor (27), and the residual gas (18 or 19) passing, owing to leaks of the labyrinths, from the respective first sealing chamber (22) into the respective second sealing chamber (23) into the exhaust gas stream (20) of the residual gas expander (11).
The invention relates to a method for using reaction heat produced by reaction during the production of 1,2-dichloroethane from ethylene and chlorine in a direct chlorination reactor. The chlorine is produced in a sodium chloride electrolysis and the reaction heat, during the formation of 1,2-dichloroethane is used at least partially for the evaporation of NaOH, which is produced during NaCl-electrolysis for producing the required chlorine for direct chlorination, as a coupling product. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out said method, comprising a multi-tube heat exchanger comprising two fixed tubular plates and a NaOH-liquid phase part, and the caustic soda passes through the inside of the tube and 1,2-dichloroethane passes the outside of the tube. The heat exchanger also comprises devices for feeding and distributing the caustic soda in the inside of the tube.
The invention relates to a method for producing, purifying, and burning syngas for generating electrical energy. The syngas is generated from a solid, carbonaceous fuel using an oxygenic gas and purified by slag extraction and alkali extraction. After purifying, the syngas produced enters an expansion turbine, where the pressure energy is used for generating electricity. The expansion turbine is protected against corrosion and mechanical attack by the purification and alkali separation. The expanded syngas is then burned under pressure, and the combustion is used for generating electricity in a combined cycle process using a gas turbine, steam generation, and a steam turbine. The process thus has a high level of efficiency. The invention further relates to a device for performing the method according to the invention.
The invention relates to an apparatus for the directed channelling of primary air into a coke-chamber oven, wherein this primary air is channelled through the coke-chamber ceiling into the gas space of a coke-oven battery and, upon entering into the gas space of the coke chamber, is deflected laterally, the primary air therefore being better distributed. The invention also relates to a method of laterally deflecting the primary air once it has entered into the coke-oven chamber, this resulting in better distribution of the primary air in the coke-oven chamber.
The invention relates to a wall protector for a heating oven head (2) between two oven chamber openings (1, 1') of a coke oven battery, said wall protector being laterally bounded by vertical frame elements (5, 5'). The wall protector comprises an anchor stand (4) arranged in front of the heating wall head (2), extending vertically, and pressing devices (6) fixed to said anchor stand (4). Additionally, the wall protector has U-shaped yoke elements (7) onto which pressure is exerted by the pressing devices (6), and a rectangular head cover (10) covering the heating wall head (2). According to the invention, the U-shaped yoke elements (7) fit tightly against supporting surfaces of the frame elements (5, 5') in a force-fitted manner and the head cover (10) consists of a thin-walled metal sheet constrained between the frame elements (5, 5') and the heating wall head (2).
The invention relates to a device for discharging particularly a very fine-grained solid material or solid mixture from a container having a discharge funnel in the direction of gravity below the main container part, providing a solution avoiding the disadvantages of double-wall conical designs, particularly at high system pressures and having a simple, versatile design. The aim is achieved in that a part (3) of the discharge funnel is partially formed of the container wall itself in the upper region facing the container (2), said wall transitioning into a cylindrical container base (4), while the further part supporting the outlet adapter (14) is formed by a separate cylinder element (9) having a funnel part (11) and installed in the cylindrical container base (4).
The invention relates to a plant for coking coal, operated particularly according to the non-recovery or heat-recovery method. The coking plant comprises a first oven chamber row (1) of a plurality of oven chambers (2) disposed in a row, all comprising an identical width (B) and an identical tolerance spacing, and a second oven chamber row (1') of oven chambers (2) disposed parallel to the first oven chamber row, the number, width, and spacing thereof corresponding to those of the first oven chamber row, wherein the coal inlet openings of all oven chambers (2) face toward an intermediate space (3) between the two oven chamber rows (1, 1'). The plant also comprises at least one device (5, 6) for tending the oven chambers (2) that can travel in the intermediate space (3) between the two oven chamber rows (1, 1') on a track body (4) disposed parallel to the oven chambers. According to the invention, the two oven chamber rows (1, 1') are offset from each other in the longitudinal axis, wherein the longitudinal offset (V) is greater than the width (B) of one oven chamber. The device for tending the oven chambers (2) is made up of individual tending machines (10, 10') forming a machine group (11) and connected to each other by an adjustable-length coupling (12), wherein the tending machines (10, 10') are aligned opposite each other so that each oven chamber row (1, 1') is associated with the same number of tending machines of the machine group.
The invention relates to a device for drying a gas, wherein the drying of the gas is carried out by consecutively releasing and condensing the moisture in different chambers (2, 3, 4) of a column (1), such that different pressures and different temperatures are present in chambers of the column. The gas to be dried is first introduced (5, 5a) into the bottom chamber (2), where the largest amount of the water contained in the gas is condensed. The gas is then conducted from (7) the bottom chamber through a connector (7a). It is then cooled and fed into at least one further chamber (3, 4) arranged above, where additional moisture is condensed. The resulting condensate is then conducted via a tube (9, 12), which is preferably designed as siphon, into the lower reservoir (2a), such that no gas flow from the chamber beneath into the chamber above can take place. The invention further relates to a method with which the drying of a gas can be carried out.
The invention relates to a device for producing a crude gas containing CO or H2 by gasification of an ash-containing fuel with oxygen-containing gas at temperatures above the fusion temperature of the ash in a gasification reactor and with a connected gas cooling chamber and a tapered connecting channel running from one chamber to the other. The aim of the invention is avoiding known problems and reducing the amount of fly ash and the amount of ungasified fuel, wherein a weak eddy is achieved in the inlet to the subsequent apparatuses in order to avoid deposits there with a very compact device, wherein the risk of solidification of the slag in the outlet is also avoided. The aim is achieved, wherein in the tapered connection channel (5) eddy reducing or eliminating wall surfaces (6) running over only a part of the cross-section of the connection channel are provided.
The invention relates to a method and a device for the metered removal of a fine to coarse-grained solid matter or a solid matter mixture from a storage container, comprising a device for forming a fluidized bed in the discharge region or in a metering chamber of the metering container, wherein fluidization that is as optimal as possible is to be created in the lower region of such a receiving or metering container while avoiding any additional systems, mechanical elements, or extensive installations. This is achieved according to the method in that a gas is additionally introduced in the region of the metering chamber bottom for forming a fluidized bed that loosens the solid matter, and a gas is introduced via swirl nozzles for bringing about the rotation of the fluidized bed.
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
B01J 8/12 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules mobiles se déplaçant par gravité en un flux descendant
B01J 8/18 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées
The invention relates to a device for removing slag from a reactor for the entrained flow gasification of liquid or finely comminuted solid fuels at temperatures above the ash-fusion temperature of the fuel and at a pressure of between 0,3 to 8 MPa. A gasification reactor and a water bed are arranged in a pressurised container, said water bed being arranged below the gasification reactor that is designed such that the generated synthesis gas is removed by the upper region of the reactor and liquid slag deposited on the walls of the reaction chamber can run freely off without the surface of the slag solidifying. At the bottom side thereof, an opening with a dripping edge on which the liquid slag running down can drain is arranged. A slag removal shaft connects below the opening that protrudes into the water bed. A cooling medium flows through the upper part of the wall of the slag removal shaft and the lower part of the wall of the slag removal shaft, that extends until it reaches the water bed is covered on the inner side with a water film is joined in a gas-tight to the upper part and the lower and the upper parts of the slag removal shaft are connected together in such a manner that the water film of the lower wall does not come into contact with the wall through which the cooling medium flows or the insulating mass.
The invention relates to a device for removing fine-grained or dust-like solids from a container that is to be pressurised or that is pressurised. Said container is fitted with a double-walled removal cone or funnel. The aim of the invention is to avoid using, in particular, porous materials such as sinter metals or similar, whilst providing good conveying properties in the transfer funnel without reducing the size of the grain of the respective material. Particle-charged gas for conveying can be also used. This is achieved due to the fact that the gas outlet opening is larger than the largest particle of the removed solids and that said gas outlet openings (4) are provided with a tube support or gas supply channel (4a) extending into the inside of the annular chamber (6) and forming at least one angle having an imaginary horizontal plane and that the gas supply channel (4a) is part of a retaining device (12) for preventing solids from trickling into the annular chamber (6).
The invention relates to a method for purifying synthesis gas in a pressure swing adsorption installation (9) which is desorbed with a vacuum that is generated via a so-called ejector (12) operated with vapor, said vapor being generated in a heat exchanger 6, (7) that uses the heat in the waste gas duct or in the useful gas duct for vapor generation. The pressure swing installation is advantageously operated alternating between adsorption at excessive pressure, pressure swing desorption and vacuum desorption and the gas desorbed by the ejector is cooled in a cooler (13) so that the vapor contained therein can be condensed and withdrawn or is advantageously returned to the starting gas for synthesis gas generation and the foreign gas (9b) desorbed from the pressure swing installation, which contains at least some not-consumed heating gas, is returned to the heating gas. In an advantageous embodiment, the vacuum from the ejector is stored in an intermediate reservoir (11) and is applied to the pressure swing adsorption unit when it is in the cycle of vacuum desorption. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out said method.
C01B 3/56 - Séparation de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène à partir de mélanges gazeux, p. ex. purification par contact avec des solidesRégénération des solides usés
78.
METHOD FOR REGENERATING OXYGEN-CONDUCTING CERAMIC MEMBRANES AND REACTOR
The invention relates to a method for regenerating the oxygen permeability of a membrane containing an oxygen anion-conducting ceramic material. According to said method, the membrane, after an operating phase, is subjected to a regeneration phase in which the temperature of the membrane is increased above the temperature selected in the operating phase so that the oxygen permeability of the membrane rises again. The method can be used during the separation of oxygen from gases or for carrying out oxidation reactions in a membrane reactor and allows operation of said devices at temperatures of less than 800°C. The reactors used in this method have at least one device which allows the membrane to be heated by direct or indirect heat exchange.
B01D 65/02 - Nettoyage ou stérilisation de membranes
B01D 53/22 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par diffusion
C01B 3/38 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés organiques gazeux ou liquides avec des agents gazéifiants, p. ex. de l'eau, du gaz carbonique, de l'air par réaction d'hydrocarbures avec des agents gazéifiants avec des catalyseurs
The invention relates to a device for the continuous supply of finely communited fuel of a coal gasification system. Said fuel is initially stored in a storage container and then guided into an air shower system where it is supplied with gas for the coal gasification reaction. Said air shower system comprises at least two sluice containers in order to form the tight fit with gas in a quasi-continuous manner, and the fuel then passes into the storage container in which a constant filling level is reached over time, so that the fuel is guided from said storage container in a regular, trouble-free and pressurised manner to the burner. At least two sluice containers are transferred to at least one storage container by means of pneumatic dense-flow guide with solid material thicknesses of at least 100 kg/m3 and below a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar, such that the device parts can be arranged at the same geodetic heights or at different geodetic heights enabling the system to be have a compact and flexible structure. The invention also relates to a method for the continuous and regular supply of finely communited fuel in a coal gasification reactor.
The invention relates to a method and a device for treating fluid streams produced during the combustion of carbon- and ash-containing fuels. The aim of the invention is to optimally utilize the heat content present in the system as well as the amount of water for cooling and condensation required during the recirculation of the latter. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the suspension (6) withdrawn from the mixing vessel is expanded in at least one subsequent stage (7a)-(7d) during the evaporation of at least part of the water and reduction of the temperature and in that the vapor produced is cooled by direct contact with water and at least partially condensed out. The device according to the invention is characterized in that a line (6) between a lower section of the mixing vessel (1b) leads to a first expansion vessel that is designed as a scrubber tower (7a), the scrubber tower being provided with a condensate collection bottom (8a) and a recirculation line (10a) towards the mixing vessel (1b) for the forming condensate, which mixing vessel is equipped with spray heads.
C10J 3/86 - Autres caractéristiques combiné avec chaudières à récupération de chaleur
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
B01D 5/00 - Condensation de vapeursRécupération de solvants volatils par condensation
81.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE POSITIONING OF OPERATING UNITS OF A COAL FILLING CART AT THE FILLING OPENINGS OF A COKE OVEN
The invention relates to a method for the positioning of operating units of a coal filling cart at the filling openings of a coke oven, wherein a rail-guided coal filling cart is displaced on the oven ceiling of a coke oven and positioned at locations that are predetermined by a machine control for filling the oven chambers, and filling openings are associated with the oven ceiling, and wherein subsequently at least one operating unit of the coal filling cart is led toward the filling openings by means of horizontal biaxial actuating motions. According to the invention, the coordinates of at least one marking affixed to the oven ceiling, having a fixed association with the center line of one filling opening, are detected by means of an optical measuring method in a measuring field predetermined by the measuring method after each positioning of the coal filling cart, and are compared to reference values, which are stored for the markings in the machine control. Deviations between the coordinates measured and the coordinates stored in the machine control are determined for both axial directions. Difference values are then taken into consideration as correction values in the actuating motion of the operating unit. An object of the invention is also a device for carrying out the method described.
The invention relates to a fixing device for catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst particles are present in a bulk mass that can have a gas flow flowing through the bulk mass in the direction of gravity, by means whereof a low specific pressure loss is to be achieved, also remaining low in case of potential operationally induced contamination, said device having as little influence as possible on the dwell time of the gas flowing through, allowing secure retention of the catalyst particles even under high flow speeds, and having a certain flexibility in order to be able to adapt to changes in the bulk good. The aim is achieved in that at least one layer of a metal mesh (10) is placed on the bulk good (3) of catalyst particles, and the metal mesh (10) is made of individual metal mesh elements (11) securely woven together.
B01J 8/02 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés avec des particules immobiles, p. ex. dans des lits fixes
The invention relates to a device for filling oven chambers of a coke oven. The fundamental construction of the device includes a horizontal transport screw (1) disposed on the underside of a coal filling cart, a filling telescope (2) disposed below an outlet (3) of the horizontal transport screw and having an inlet funnel (4) and telescope base (6) that can be vertically lowered in the oven cover of the coke oven, and a lifting device (7) for vertically adjusting the telescope base (6). The filling telescope (2) can be adjusted in two orthogonal axes (X, Y) relative to the coal filling cart for adapting to the current position of the filling openings (5). According to the invention, the inlet funnel (4) of the filling telescope (2) and the lifting device (7) connected to the telescope base are mounted on a support frame (8) disposed linearly adjustably along a first axis (X) within a transport frame (9). The transport frame (9) is disposed horizontally displaceably along a second axis (Y) on rails (10) mounted on the underside of the coal filling cart. A seal (11) is disposed on the top side of the support frame (8), encompassing the inlet funnel (4) of the filling telescope (2), working together with a horizontal flange surface (12) on the circumference of the outlet (3) of the horizontal transport screw (1) and allowing horizontal adjustment motions of the inlet funnel (4) relative to the outlet (3) of the horizontal transport screw.
The invention relates to a device (1) and a method for receiving and handing over fine-grain to coarse-grain solids from a container to a higher pressure system via a cut-off device. The device and method according to the invention allow improvement of the hand-over of the solids while reliably guaranteeing the solids transport even for difficult bulk materials, high operational flexibility when used for various bulk materials and high flow rates towards the receiving container while avoiding compression of the bulk material. The device is characterized by at least one vertical central tubular body (2) (central tube) which is arranged inside the container (1') at a distance in the direction of gravitation (g) upstream of the cut-off device (18) and which is open at the top and at the bottom, and by gas supply devices (4, 7) impinging the container bottom (19) and/or the central tube (2) to produce a solids flow in the central tube.
B65D 88/28 - Structure ou forme des sections de déchargement
B65D 88/70 - Grands réceptacles caractérisés par des moyens pour faciliter le remplissage ou le vidage en empêchant la formation de ponts par des jets de fluide
85.
NICKEL ALLOY AND NICKEL ELECTRODE HAVING A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT IN THE EDGE ZONE
The invention relates to an alloy which is especially used for electrodes for use in electrolysis. The electrodes according to the invention are manufactured to a major weight percentage of nickel and are provided with a coating that consists of one or more or all of the metals from the group of metals including copper, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, zirconium, hafnium, osmium, magnesium or titanium. The coating is produced by a method of selective electrochemical corrosion, titanium not being the only alloy metal and the step of corrosion being optionally followed by a step of drying and coating. The alloy according to the invention is used in devices for carrying out electrolyses of aqueous saline solutions, amongst them notably chlor-alkali electrolysis, preferably as the catholic electrode.
C22C 19/00 - Alliages à base de nickel ou de cobalt, seuls ou ensemble
C25B 11/04 - ÉlectrodesLeur fabrication non prévue ailleurs caractérisées par le matériau
86.
DEVICE ON A COAL CHARGING CAR FOR LIFTING COVERS FROM FILLING HOLE FRAMES IN THE FURNACE ROOF OF A COKE FURNACE AND FOR CLEANING THE FILLING HOLE FRAMES
The invention relates to a device on a coal charging car for lifting covers from filling hole frames in the furnace roof of a coke furnace and for cleaning the filling hole frames. The basic design of the device comprises a cover lifter (3) having a supporting arm (4) with a lifting magnet (5), a frame cleaner (6) having a supporting arm (4') with a cleaning head (7), and lifting devices (8, 8') for vertically adjusting the supporting arms (4, 4'). The cover lifter (3) and the frame cleaner (6) can be horizontally displaced by means of a travelling gear (12, 12') between an operating position (A) in which the lifting magnet (5) or the cleaning head (7) is aligned with a filling hole (13) in the furnace roof of the coke furnace, and a rest position (B) spaced apart from the filling hole. The device according to the invention is characterized in that the travelling gear (12, 12') comprises a travelling frame (15) which can be horizontally displaced on tracks (14) on the underside of the coal charging car along a first axis and a supporting frame (16) arranged inside the travelling frame (15), said supporting frame (16) being movably guided on the travelling frame along a second axis at a right angle to the direction of movement of the travelling frame (15), and the lifting devices (8, 8') for the cover lifter (3) and/or the frame cleaner (6) being arranged on the supporting frame.
A method for removing slag accumulating in particular during synthesis gas recovery from slag present in a pressurized container bath in a collecting tank for the slag, in the direction of gravity under the slag bath, wherein optionally a mechanism for breaking the slag is provided under the slag bath and a sluice valve is provided between the containers, is to clearly improve the corresponding processes and plants of the relevant kinds by improving withdrawal of slag and by preventing environmentally harmful exhaust vapors or waste gases. This is achieved in that a space that is in contact with the liquid in the containers and is filled with a gas bubble is provided, in particular an annular space or a separate container, in which the pressure of the gas bubble is controlled by gas supply such that at least part of the water present in the slag sluice/collection space flows through the slag bath valve against the direction of gravity in the direction of the slag bath when the slag bath valve is opened.
Method and device for separating a starting mixture into a higher-boiling and a lower-boiling fraction in a distillation apparatus operated in a continuous procedure, which apparatus contains at least one line for the feed of one or more starting mixtures, a take-off for the lower-boiling fraction, a take-off for the higher-boiling fraction, and a heating appliance, wherein the distillation apparatus contains at least two condensation stages each having a different temperature level, wherein the respective condensation stages which are upstream in the direction of flow of the vapours in each case have higher temperature levels than the respective downstream condensation stages, in each case internals having separating activity are connected intermediately of the condensation stages, partial condensations proceed at condensation stages, the sub-quantities which are not condensed in each case are fed to respectively downstream separating internals or condensation stages having respectively lower temperature levels and the condensed sub-quantities in each case are passed via separating internals in the direction of the take-off for the higher-boiling fraction, and essentially vaporous medium occurs at the condensation stage having the lowest temperature level and is partially condensed there, wherein the non-condensed-sub quantity of the medium is recirculated to the take-off for the lower-boiling fraction and the condensed sub-quantity is recirculated to a region of the distillation apparatus which is connected upstream of the condensation stage having the lowest temperature level, and the condensation stage having the lowest temperature level has a temperature of below -40°C.
B01D 3/00 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction
C07C 7/04 - Purification, séparation ou stabilisation d'hydrocarburesEmploi d'additifs par distillation
F25J 3/02 - Procédés ou appareils pour séparer les constituants des mélanges gazeux impliquant l'emploi d'une liquéfaction ou d'une solidification par rectification, c.-à-d. par échange continuel de chaleur et de matière entre un courant de vapeur et un courant de liquide
Disclosed is a method for removing silicon compounds from aqueous NaCl brine. In said method, a pH of less than 3 is first adjusted in a weak brine containing hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride or other trivalent iron ions is/are added to said acidified weak brine, the obtained weak brine is continuously conducted into a stirred dissolution vessel which contains undissolved salt in addition to brine, fresh salt is discontinuously charged into the dissolution vessel, the obtained strong brine is conducted into a stirred buffer vessel in which the pH is maintained at a level ranging from 5 to 8, a strong brine flow is continuously withdrawn from the buffer vessel and is filtered, and the filtrate containing the added iron and silicon is discharged. Also disclosed is an apparatus for carrying out said method, comprising a dissolution vessel for salt, a stirrer in the dissolution vessel, a feeding device for charging salt into the dissolution vessel in batches, a point for feeding weak brine into the dissolution vessel, points for feeding hydrochloric acid and iron(III) chloride into the weak brine supply pipe, a buffer vessel for strong brine, a stirrer in the buffer vessel, a fluid connection between the dissolution vessel and the buffer vessel, a filter that has an outlet for strong brine and a withdrawing device for filter cake, and a discharge port and a device for conducting strong brine from the buffer vessel into the filter.
C01D 3/16 - Purification par précipitation ou adsorption
C25B 15/08 - Alimentation ou vidange des réactifs ou des électrolytesRégénération des électrolytes
B01J 8/20 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées l'agent fluidisant étant un liquide
B01J 8/22 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées l'agent fluidisant étant un liquide du gaz étant introduit dans le liquide
90.
REMOVAL OF LIQUID ASH AND ALKALIS FROM A SYNTHESIS GAS
The invention relates to a method for the production of synthesis gas by means of gasification using air or oxygen or oxygen-enriched air and water vapor, wherein a solid or liquid fuel containing carbon is added to a reactor, in which the fuel is converted to a synthesis gas using air or oxygen or oxygen-enriched air and water vapor at an increased temperature, said gas substantially consisting of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, and mineral slag droplets being created during the reaction, which are taken out of the reactor separately from the synthesis gas obtained, and the synthesis gas obtained is taken out of the reactor in any arbitrary direction. The vaporous alkalis present in the synthesis gas are removed from the synthesis gas by means of bringing the same into contact with getter ceramics, and the synthesis gas is fed into a slug separation device without prior cooling, in which the slug droplets are withdrawn as liquid slug.
The invention relates to a device for feeding and controlling secondary air from secondary air channels into flue gas channels of horizontal coking chamber ovens. The flue gas channels are thereby located under the coking chamber floor on which coking takes place. The flue gas channels serve for combusting partially combusted coking gases from the coking chamber. The partially combusted coking gases are combusted using secondary air, whereby the coke cake is also heated from below for uniform coking. The secondary air comes from the secondary air channels connected to outside air and to the flue gas channels. Control elements are installed in the connection channels between the flue gas channels and the secondary air channels and can precisely control the air flow in the flue gas channels. Significantly more uniform heating and heat distribution can thus be achieved in coking chamber furnaces. The actual control devices in the connecting channels can be formed by rotatable tube segments, bricks, or metal dampers. A stool-like device can also be used particularly advantageously, said device sitting in the secondary channels and having a hump plate having a central opening slid under the corresponding branch for controlling the gas flow. The control mechanism can be manually, electrically, or pneumatically actuated. The control device can thereby also be automated.
The invention relates to a heat-resistant door device for closing a horizontal coke chamber oven, said device being made of fire-proof material, wherein particularly a silica-containing material or a silica and aluminum oxide-containing material is used. The material has a low temperature expansion coefficient and has good heat insulating properties such that the door does not warp and does not become deformed during the coking process. The door device is configured by a door-surrounding coke oven wall located substantially above the door and a moveable door located beneath. Thus less cold ambient air enters the coke oven chamber during the coke discharge and the radiation loss is minimized. The door may comprise an ellipsoid convexity, with which the coal can be discharged more easily into the coking chamber. The oven wall surrounding the oven chamber may also be made of a fire-proof silica-containing or a fire-proof silica and aluminum oxide-containing material.
The invention relates to a method and a device for conducting the method for desulfurizing an ingredient gas containing olefin and hydrogen. Said gas may be mixed with additional hydrogen and is divided into at least two supply flows. The first supply flow is conducted separately into the reactor and arrives on a first catalyst bed comprising the catalyst pellets on a suitable retaining device or a grating. There, the supply stream is heated by the hydration reaction. After the first catalyst bed, additional ingredient gas is added, whereby the reaction gas is cooled and may therefore be conducted through a second catalyst bed. Additional catalyst beds and additional ingredient gas supply units may be provided after the second catalyst bed. The catalyst beds may be placed in the reactor in any desired number, type, and shape. By conducting the reaction in this manner, a product gas is obtained that substantially contains hydrosulfides only as a sulfur compound.
C10G 65/00 - Traitement des huiles d'hydrocarbures, uniquement par plusieurs procédés d'hydrotraitement
C10G 65/04 - Traitement des huiles d'hydrocarbures, uniquement par plusieurs procédés d'hydrotraitement uniquement par plusieurs étapes en série ne comprenant que des étapes de raffinage
C10G 65/16 - Traitement des huiles d'hydrocarbures, uniquement par plusieurs procédés d'hydrotraitement uniquement par plusieurs étapes en parallèle ne comprenant que des étapes de raffinage
94.
DEVICE FOR EXPELLING THE CONTENTS OF COKE CHAMBER OVENS HAVING A LOW DEGREE OF HEAT EXCHANGE
The invention relates to a device for expelling the contents of a coke oven chamber, comprising a pressure head with pressure rods mounted therebehind, wherein guide plates or skirts are mounted on the rear of the pressure head that prevent air from leaking into the coke chamber oven, thus preventing undesired cooling of the coke chamber oven during the expulsion. The skirts also prevent excessive thermal load on the pressure rods and the reverse side of the pressure head. The skirts may also serve to protect measurement devices mounted in the housing. The skirts may also be made of a heat-resistant metal or ceramic material. The skirts or the pressure head may also be provided with a heat-resistant or heat-reflective coating or with heat-resistant or heat-reflective tiles. The invention further relates to a method for ejecting the contents of coke chamber ovens using the device according to the invention.
The invention relates to a device for latching horizontal coke oven chambers which is triggered by an auxiliary frame situated on the coke oven chamber door. The auxiliary frame is moveable to a limited extent in the vertical direction on the coke oven chamber doors. During the upwards movement, the auxiliary frame impacts at the top against the impact cam which is fixed on the door of the coke oven chamber and which transmits the vertical tension force to the oven doors. During the upwards movement, the auxiliary frame actuates levers which are moveable so as to be able to rotate about an axis located orthogonally to the coke chamber oven and which are connected to a latch which is freely moveable in a translatory manner. When the lever is actuated it pulls the latch out of latch holding bearings which are mounted on the coke oven chamber door in such a manner that the coke oven chamber door can be unlatched and opened. The coke oven chamber door, in one embodiment of the invention, can be held in the open or closed position by means of a device which is suitable therefor.
The invention relates to a method of charging an oven chamber (1) of a coke oven battery, wherein by means of at least one measuring appliance (11) arranged on a levelling rod (9) and of a computation unit (5) connected to the measuring appliance (11) the course of heaping in the longitudinal direction is determined within the oven chamber (1) during the charging operation and wherein, depending on the course of heaping which is determined, additional charging of the oven chamber (1) is performed. According to the invention, a three-dimensional level profile is determined in a contact-free manner in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the oven chamber (1) by means of the measuring device (11). The invention also relates to a levelling device for carrying out the method using a measuring appliance (11) operating in a contact-free manner and arranged on a levelling rod (9).
The invention relates to a drive mechanism for vertical opening and closing of coke oven doors of horizontal coke oven chambers. The doors are lifted into the open position via a chain or a cable. The cable or the chain are connected to an actuation lever via deflection pulleys. The cable or chain can be pulled horizontally so that the doors are lifted up vertically via deflection pulleys. The actuation lever is connected to a lifting eye which, after actuation of the actuation lever, can engage into the grab boss of a grab car. The grab car is driven via a tow line and after the actuation of the actuation lever, pulls the door into the open position. The door can be held in the open position via a suitable mechanism.
The invention relates to a suction device for coke transfer and coke discharging machines for detecting the emissions emitted on a coke furnace (2), comprising a detection unit (1) arranged above the furnace doors of the coke furnace, wherein the detection unit (1) extends in the longitudinal direction of the coke furnace, which has a plurality of furnace chambers arranged next to each other, across at least three furnace chambers (3). According to the invention, the detection device (1) comprises a main suction hood (4) and at least two auxiliary suction hoods (5), wherein the main suction hood (4) is arranged in the center above the furnace chamber to be operated and has a width equaling at least that of the furnace chamber, and wherein the auxiliary suction hoods (5) adjoin the main suction chamber (4) to the left and the right and are separated by separating walls (6) from the flow chamber (7) of the main suction hood (4). Separate suction lines (8) are connected to the main suction hood (4) and the auxiliary suction hoods (5) and end in a collecting line (9). The suction lines (8) are provided with adjustable shut-off elements (10).
The invention relates to a cleaning device for the frame of a coke oven chamber having a tool holder that may be positioned between two anchor stands (2) for the coke oven chamber (3) and cleaning units (4) for the frame (5) of the coke oven chamber (3), wherein sealing elements (6) designed as sheets are disposed on the tool holder (1). According to the invention, the sealing elements (6) are attached to the rear side of the tool holder facing away from the coke oven chamber (3). The sealing elements (6) have a vertical orientation and cover the entire height of the rear side. The sealing elements (6) comprise at least one middle piece (7) fixed on the tool holder (1) in an immobile fashion and lateral wings (8), wherein the lateral wings (8) are connected in a rotationally movable fashion to the middle piece (7) on vertical axes (9). The lateral wings (8) are movable in an adjustment motion against the face surfaces (10) of the anchor stands (2) in the direction of the coke oven chamber (3).
The invention relates to a method and a device for the production and purification of a crude gas for synthesis gas production from a solid fuel containing carbon by a carbon gasification reaction, wherein the fuel is mixed with a quenching medium (7) directly after production in order to remove the high interior energy, and then, either still in the mixing chamber (6) or downstream of the mixing chamber, said fuel is brought into contact with an adsorption agent (8) comprising a solid basic alkaline earth metal compound or a compound containing transitional metals, such that the acidic or basic or sulfurous or halogenated components in the crude gas and arising from the gasification reaction are absorbed. A device (10) that precipitates solid material is located downstream of the supply device for the adsorption agent, by means of which the solid or solidified components are discharged from the system and the basic adsorption agent containing transitional metals may be regenerated and returned to the process. Thus, an energy-intensive cooling of the crude gas in order to purify said crude gas may be omitted, and the synthesis gas thus purified may be used in a subsequent process without additional heating.
C10K 1/20 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par traitement avec des solidesRégénération des masses de purification usées
C10J 3/00 - Production de gaz contenant de l'oxyde de carbone et de l'hydrogène, p. ex. du gaz de synthèse ou du gaz de ville, à partir de matières carbonées solides par des procédés d'oxydation partielle faisant intervenir de l'oxygène ou de la vapeur
C01B 3/56 - Séparation de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène à partir de mélanges gazeux, p. ex. purification par contact avec des solidesRégénération des solides usés
C01B 3/02 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène
C21B 13/00 - Fabrication de fer spongieux ou d'acier liquide par des procédés directs
B01D 53/10 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par adsorption, p. ex. chromatographie préparatoire en phase gazeuse avec adsorbants mobiles avec adsorbants dispersés
brevets
