It is disclosed a combustible article of manufacture comprising a treated lignin composition and a combustible support, wherein the treated lignin composition is attached to at least a portion of an external surface of the combustible support with a force greater than the force of gravity relative to the treated lignin composition. The treated lignin composition comprises solid lignin and has a moisture content in the range of 35% to 80% percent by weight. The combustible support is preferably a hardwood chip, but it may be also softwood chips, coal, coke, and shredded tires. It is also disclosed a fuel composition comprising a plurality of the combustible article.
It is disclosed an apparatus for separating a least one solid from a solids/fluid mixture, said apparatus comprising a separation chamber and a cushion chamber. The separation chamber comprises a top end, a bottom end, at least one wall, and an inlet port for introducing the solids/fluid mixture, said inlet port having an inlet port vector. The cushion chamber comprises at least one boundary wall, and it is adapted to maintain a cushion of the solids/fluid mixture at an intersection of the inlet port vector and the cushion chamber when the separation chamber and the cushion chamber are connected by a communication port at the intersection of the inlet port vector and the at least one wall. The communication port has an area at least a size of an impact area of the solids/fluid mixture on the at least one wall. The communication port may be formed by the erosion of the at least one wall of the separation chamber caused by the solids/fluid mixture at the impact area. It is also disclosed a process for separating a solids/fluid mixture, wherein the solids/fluid mixture is introduced through the inlet port of the separation chamber and contacted with a cushion of a previously introduced solids/fluid mixture, the solids/fluid mixture being allowed to interact with the cushion of the previously introduced solids/fluid mixture. The at least one solid is separated from the fluid by density difference in the separation chamber. Preferably, the solids/fluidmixture is steam treated lignocellulosic biomass which is inserted in the disclosed apparatus at high velocity.
It is disclosed a process for producing a purified liquid sugar stream from a liquid biomass feed stream derived from a ligno-cellulosic biomass comprising oligomeric sugars and soluble salts. First, the majority of cations of the soluble salts are removedby means of an ion exchange agent, thereby adding H+ ions in an amount sufficient to create an acidic liquid biomass feed stream having a pH which is less than 3. After hydrolysis of the oligomeric sugars to create a liquid sugar stream, the pH is raised by adding a base so that the majority of the cations in the liquid sugar stream come from the added base. The liquid sugar stream is then separated into at least the purified liquid sugar stream and a second stream by means of a cationic resin wherein the cation of the cationic resin is the same of the cation of the added base. The purified liquid sugar stream may be further purified by means of a following refining step.
It is disclosed a process for producing a purified liquid sugar stream from a liquid biomass feed stream comprising oligomeric sugars and soluble salts derived from a ligno-cellulosic biomass. The ligno-cellulosic biomass is first subjected to a hydrothermal treatment to remove a portion of non ligno-cellulosic water soluble compounds, then the presoaked ligno-cellulosic biomass is treated to produce the liquid biomass feed stream, which is hydrolyzed to produce a liquid sugar stream comprising monomeric sugars. The liquid sugar stream is first neutralized by means of adding a base and then separated into the purified liquid sugar stream and a residual stream by means of a cationic resin wherein the cation of the cationic resin is the same of the cation of the added base. The purified liquid sugar stream may be further purified by means of a following refining step.
It is disclosed a bio-based composition derived from a lignin of a ligno-cellulosic biomass comprising at least 50% by weight of aromatic compounds, which can be monomeric aromatic compounds and non-monomeric aromatic compounds. The monomeric compounds have a molecular weight which is less than 210gr/mole. The bio-based composition has an acidity which is less than 80 mg KOH/g, and it is stable over time. Namely, the amount of monomeric aromatic compounds does not decrease by more than 2% of the aromatic compounds by weight after storing the composition for a time between 1 week and 1 year in sealed conditions.
C08H 7/00 - LignineLignine modifiéeProduits dérivés à haut poids moléculaire
C10G 1/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de schiste bitumineux, de sable pétrolifère ou de matières carbonées solides non fusibles ou similaires, p. ex. bois, charbon
C10G 3/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de matières organiques contenant de l'oxygène, p. ex. huiles, acides gras
6.
CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN ETHYLENE GLYCOL STREAM
It is disclosed a continuous process for producing a polyols stream comprising ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, wherein a liquid sugar stream comprising water and at least a monomeric sugar is introduced into a first reaction zone and subjected to a first reaction, which is a hydrogenation reaction of the at least a monomeric sugar, at a first catalytic conditions and in the presence of a first hydrogen gas to produce an hydrogenated mixture comprising at least a sugar alcohol. At least a portion of the hydrogenated mixture and at least a portion of the first hydrogen gas are then transferred to a second reaction zone and subjected to a second reaction, which is a hydrogenolysis reaction of the at least a sugar alcohol, at second catalytic conditions to produce a hydrogenolysis mixture comprising at least a polyol. The second reaction occurs in the presence of a second hydrogen gas, wherein the second hydrogen gas comprises the portion of the first hydrogen gas which has been transferred to the second reaction. The first reaction is conducted at a first reaction pressure which is greater than or equal to the second reaction pressure, and the hydrogen gas is then released at the end of the conversion process of the second reaction zone at a discharge pressure which is less than the pressure of the first reaction. In this way, the transferring of at least a portion of the hydrogenated mixture and at least a portion of the first hydrogen gas from the first reaction zone to the second reaction zone may be done without the use of any pumping system, specifically of a pumping system which is capable of pumping a pressurized liquid/gas mixture.
C07C 29/141 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par réduction d'un groupe fonctionnel contenant de l'oxygène de groupes contenant C=O, p. ex. —COOH d'un groupe —CHO avec de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène
C07C 29/60 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par élimination de groupes hydroxyle, p. ex. par déshydratation
C07C 29/00 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons
7.
INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSIC PULP AND POLYOLS STREAM
It is disclosed an integrated process for producing at least a cellulosic pulp comprising cellulose in the form of fibers and a polyols stream from a ligno-cellulosic feedstock comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The process comprises the steps of: a) Treating the ligno-cellulosic feedstock to produce the cellulosic pulp and at least a liquid sugar stream comprising water and monomeric sugars derived from the hemicellulose of the ligno-cellulosic feedstock; b) Catalytically converting the monomeric sugars of the liquid sugar stream to a polyols mixture, comprising primary polyols and secondary polyols; c) Separating at least a portion of the polyols mixture into at least the polyols stream and a residual stream, wherein the polyols stream comprises the majority by weight of the primary polyols and the residual stream comprises the majority by weight of the secondary polyols; d) Recovering a first thermal energy from the residual stream in a first recovery unit.
C07C 29/09 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par hydrolyse
An method for growing a microbial organism, comprising the cultivation of the microbial organism in the presence of a hydrolyzed composition obtained from a thermally treated ligno-cellulosic biomass. The treatment preferably comprises a fiber shives reduction step. The hydrolyzed composition has very few inhibitor compounds and the microbial organism feed with the hydrolyzed composition grows in a short time with a high duplication factor.
A process for producing polyols from a low viscosity slurry comprising a thermally treated ligno-cellulosic biomass which has been subjected to a fiber shives reduction step is provided. Specifically, a continuous process for catalyzing the formation of polyol products, such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, from the low viscosity slurry is provided.
C07C 29/00 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons
D21B 1/02 - Traitement préalable des matières premières par des moyens chimiques ou physiques
D21B 1/04 - Matières premières fibreuses ou leur traitement mécanique par division des matières premières en petites particules, p. ex. fibres
It is disclosed a process forincreasing the enzymatic accessibility of a thermally treated ligno- cellulosic biomass feedstock which has been thermally treated at a severity factor. The process comprises a step of fiber shives reduction, for reducing the amount of long shives. The thermally treated ligno-cellulosic biomass after fiber shives reduction is characterized by having an increased glucans accessibility and by forming a slurry having a low viscosity.
This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The process comprises thermally treating the ligno-cellulosic biomass and then subjecting the thermally treated ligno-cellulosic biomass to a step of fiber shives reduction to produce a low viscosity slurry. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create slurry, raise the slurry to ultra high pressures, deoxygenate the lignin in a reactor over a catalyst which not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.
It is disclosed a process for producing a low boiling mixture comprising ethylene glycol and propylene glycol from a liquid sugar stream derived from a ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock. The liquid sugar stream is catalytically converted in the presence of hydrogen to a mixture, which is separated into at least a high boiling mixture, comprising glycerol, and the low boiling mixture. The high boiling mixture is converted to hydrogen by reforming and the reforming hydrogen is used in the catalytical steps. Preferably, all the hydrogen used in the conversion process is generated by aqueous phase reforming of the high boiling polyols mixture.
C01B 3/22 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par décomposition de composés organiques gazeux ou liquides
C07C 29/132 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par réduction d'un groupe fonctionnel contenant de l'oxygène
C07C 29/141 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par réduction d'un groupe fonctionnel contenant de l'oxygène de groupes contenant C=O, p. ex. —COOH d'un groupe —CHO avec de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène
C07C 29/60 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par élimination de groupes hydroxyle, p. ex. par déshydratation
C07C 29/00 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons
It is disclosed a system for feeding a ligno-cellulosic feedstock (50) to a pressurized vessel (200) having a vapor or gas phase of at least one fluid maintaining a vessel pressure greater than or equal to 1 bar. The pressurized vessel comprises a feedstock inlet (230), a feedstock outlet (220), a top and a bottom relative to the force of gravity, wherein the feedstock outlet is closer to the bottom of the pressurized vessel than the feedstock inlet. The feeding system further comprises a plug forming system (100) comprising a plug forming device (105) located in a plug forming chamber (130), the chamber having a first end (110B) and a second end (110A), said first end having a first end operating pressure which is lower than the vessel pressure and said second end being connected to the feedstock inlet and having a second end operating pressure which is greater than the first operating pressure. Said plug forming device is capable of receiving the ligno-cellulosic feedstock at the first end pressure; advancing the ligno-cellulosic feedstock through the plug forming chamber; and forming a plug from the ligno-cellulosic feedstock which prevents the passage of the vapor or gas phase from the pressurized vessel. The feeding system further comprises a sealing head located inside the pressurized vessel, which is movable at a seal opening speed between a sealing position located at the feedstock inlet and a rest position, wherein the sealing head in the sealing position isolates the pressurized vessel from the plug forming chamber. The seal opening speed is fast enough so that the sealing head disengages from the feedstock before or at the moment the sealing head reaches the rest position. The sealing head in the rest position is located at a distance far enough away from the feedstock inlet (sealing head) so that the feedstock entering the pressurized vessel does not contact the sealing head.
C10J 3/30 - Dispositifs de chargement en combustible
F23G 5/44 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets ou de combustibles pauvres Parties constitutivesAccessoires
14.
BIO-DERIVED ETHYLENE GLYCOL COMPOSITIONS FOR POLYESTER BOTTLES
The present specification discloses a composition comprising a plurality of diols which is useful for the production of polyester bottles, wherein the diols are mainly obtained from the conversion of a ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock stream. The composition comprises ethylene glycol and at least one diol selected from the group of diols having a formula of CnHz(OH)2, wherein n is the total number of carbons and is an integer in the range from 3 to 20, z is an integer in the range from 0 to 2n, and C1 and C2 are each attached to one of the OH groups of the formula (e.g. 1,2-Propylene glycol, 1,2-Butanediol and 1,2-Pentanediol) and wherein the composition is substantially free of diols which absorb light at a wavelength of 275nm, so that the percent light transmission of the composition at a wavelength of 275nm is greater than 40%.
This specification discloses a method to convert a lignin biomass feedstream to a converted lignin stream comprising aromatic compounds. The process comprises combining a lignin biomass feedstream comprising lignin, at least one solvent and at least one catalyst in a reaction vessel. Preferably the ratio of moles of catalyst to moles of lignin is in the range of between 4:1 and 15:1. The lignin biomass feedstream is then deoxygenated to a converted lignin stream at a deoxygenation temperature and a deoxygenation pressure for a deoxygenation time.
C10G 1/06 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de schiste bitumineux, de sable pétrolifère ou de matières carbonées solides non fusibles ou similaires, p. ex. bois, charbon par hydrogénation destructive
C10G 3/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de matières organiques contenant de l'oxygène, p. ex. huiles, acides gras
16.
A MICROBIAL ORGANISM FOR PRODUCING TEREPHTHALATE FROM BIOMASS
There is disclosed a non-naturally occurring microbial organism comprising a first exogenous nucleic acid encoding a first enzyme to produce 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate (DCD) from a dihydroxybenzoate, the first enzyme being either a wild type or a mutant. The non-naturally occurring microbial organism may further comprise a second exogenous nucleic acid encoding a second enzyme to produce terephthalate from 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate. The non-naturally occurring microbial organism may also comprisea third exogenous nucleic acid encoding at least a third enzyme to produce a dihydroxybenzoate from a carbon source, the third enzyme being 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase.
A process for the conversion of a lignin biomass feedstream to a converted lignin stream said process comprising the steps of: A) combining the lignin biomass feedstream with a catalyst comprising nickel oxide and a liquid solvent in a reaction vessel, B) hydrogenating the lignin biomass feedstream at a hydrogenation temperature and a hydrogenation pressure for a hydrogenation time, wherein the hydrogen is derived from the group consisting of a hydrogen donor and direct hydrogen gas addition, C) deoxygenating the hydrogenated lignin biomass at a deoxygenation temperature and a deoxygenation pressure for a deoxygenation time.
C10G 3/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de matières organiques contenant de l'oxygène, p. ex. huiles, acides gras
C10G 45/02 - Raffinage des huiles d'hydrocarbures au moyen d'hydrogène ou de composés donneurs d'hydrogène pour éliminer des hétéro-atomes sans modifier le squelette de l'hydrocarbure mis en œuvre et sans craquage en hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition inférieurHydrofinissage
C07C 37/56 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par des réactions diminuant le nombre d'atomes de carbone par substitution d'un groupe carboxyle ou aldéhyde par un groupe hydroxyle
C10G 45/04 - Raffinage des huiles d'hydrocarbures au moyen d'hydrogène ou de composés donneurs d'hydrogène pour éliminer des hétéro-atomes sans modifier le squelette de l'hydrocarbure mis en œuvre et sans craquage en hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition inférieurHydrofinissage caractérisé par le catalyseur utilisé
C10G 45/06 - Raffinage des huiles d'hydrocarbures au moyen d'hydrogène ou de composés donneurs d'hydrogène pour éliminer des hétéro-atomes sans modifier le squelette de l'hydrocarbure mis en œuvre et sans craquage en hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition inférieurHydrofinissage caractérisé par le catalyseur utilisé contenant du nickel ou du cobalt, ou leurs composés
C10G 45/08 - Raffinage des huiles d'hydrocarbures au moyen d'hydrogène ou de composés donneurs d'hydrogène pour éliminer des hétéro-atomes sans modifier le squelette de l'hydrocarbure mis en œuvre et sans craquage en hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition inférieurHydrofinissage caractérisé par le catalyseur utilisé contenant du nickel ou du cobalt, ou leurs composés en combinaison avec du chrome, du molybdène ou du tungstène, ou leurs composés
18.
CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF LIGNIN TO USEFUL COMPOUNDS
A process to convert a converted lignin feedstream to a converted lignin product comprised of aromatic compounds, the process comprising the step of exposing the converted lignin feedstream to at least one catalyst in the presence of a plurality of hydrogen donor molecules at a reaction temperature in the range of 190°C to 350° C for a reaction time of at least 30 minutes, wherein the converted lignin feedstream comprises phenol oil, and at least some of the plurality of hydrogen donor molecules are donated during the exposure of the converted lignin feedstream and the plurality of hydrogen donor molecules to the at least one catalyst at the reaction temperature during the reaction time.
C10G 3/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de matières organiques contenant de l'oxygène, p. ex. huiles, acides gras
C07C 37/54 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par des réactions diminuant le nombre d'atomes de carbone par scission de composés polyaromatiques, p. ex. de polyphénolalcanes par hydrolyse de lignine ou de lessive résiduaire de sulfite
C08H 7/00 - LignineLignine modifiéeProduits dérivés à haut poids moléculaire
C08G 63/123 - Acides ou composés hydroxylés contenant des carbocycles
It is disclosed a non-naturally occurring microbial organism comprising at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme, or a portion thereof, selected from the group of ammonia lyase. Preferably, the enzyme is PAL3, and the at least one exogenous nucleic acid is obtained from Arabidopsis thaliana. The non-naturally occurring microbial organism has an increased resistance to biochemical stress compared to the starting microbial organism, as induced for instance by oxidative stress or organic acid stress. Preferably, the non-naturally occurring microbial organism is a yeast and it may be used for fermenting a carbon source obtained from a ligno-cellulosic feedstock.
C12P 7/10 - Éthanol en tant que produit chimique et non en tant que boisson alcoolique préparé comme sous-produit, ou préparé à partir d'un substrat constitué par des déchets ou par des matières cellulosiques d'un substrat constitué par des matières cellulosiques
20.
PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES FOR LIGNO-CELLULOSIC BIOMASS
A process produces at least a first enzyme from a host cell, wherein the first enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing a first pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass. The process comprises the step of cultivating the host cell to produce at least the first enzyme for a cultivation time, wherein the cultivation of the host cell occurs in a sugar depleted cultivation environment comprising the host cell, water and a solid composition comprising a complex sugar of the solid composition and a lignin of the solid composition. In such a process, the solid composition is obtained from a second pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass, comprising a complex sugar of the second pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass and a lignin of the second pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass; and the ratio of the total amount of the complex sugars of the solid composition to the total amount of the lignin of the solid composition is greater than zero and less than the ratio of the total amount of the complex sugars of the second pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass to the total amount of the lignin of the second pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass.
This specification discloses a composition of a melt blend comprising a continous polyester phase, a cobalt of manganese compound and a first scavenging compound wherein the first scavenging compound comprises at least one allylic group and at least one polar moiety and at least some of the first scavenging compound or the oligomer or the polymer comprising the first scavenging compound is not present in the continuous polyester phase. The partial insolubility is essential for oxygen scavenging and the solubility is essential for reducing haze. The composition is useful in preforms, container walls, and films for packaging.
A process for introducing a slurry comprised of lignin into a lignin conversion reactor by pressurizing the slurry comprised of lignin using a pump having an inlet valve which can be present in an inlet valve position selected from the group consisting of open, closed and at least partially open, an outlet valve which can be present in an outlet valve position selected from the group consisting of open, closed and at least partially open, and a pump cavity, said pressurizing step comprising : Passing the slurry comprised of lignin through the inlet valve which is in the inlet valve position selected from the group consisting of at least partially open and open into the pump cavity, with said outlet valve in the closed outlet valve position and the pump cavity being at an inlet pump cavity pressure; Changing the inlet valve position to closed; Increasing the pressure of the pump cavity to a discharge pressure; Discharging at least a portion of the slurry comprised of lignin from the pump cavity into the lignin conversion reactor by changing the outlet valve position to a position selected from the group consisting of at least partially open and open and forcing at least a portion of the slurry comprised of lignin through the outlet valve; wherein the inlet valve and the outlet valve both provide for unrestricted and unobstructed flow of the slurry comprised of lignin.
F04B 15/02 - Pompes adaptées pour travailler avec des fluides particuliers, p. ex. grâce à l'emploi de matériaux spécifiés pour la pompe elle-même ou certaines de ses parties les fluides étant visqueux ou non homogènes
23.
CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF LIGNIN TO USEFUL COMPOUNDS
This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.
C07C 37/50 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par des réactions diminuant le nombre d'atomes de carbone
C08G 63/00 - Composés macromoléculaires obtenus par des réactions créant une liaison ester carboxylique dans la chaîne principale de la macromolécule
24.
PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SLURRY COMPRISED OF LIGNIN
Two processes for preparing a slurry comprised of lignin and a slurry liquid the first process comprising the steps of: a. charging a composition comprised of lignin and at least one slurry liquid at 25 °C to a vessel capable of being subjected to vacuum, b. subjecting the vessel to vacuum for a time sufficient to disperse particles of the composition comprised of lignin to greater than 50% of the theoretical dispersion of the composition comprised of lignin. The second process comprising the steps of: a. imparting high shear forces to the composition comprised of lignin, b. adding a slurry liquid to the composition comprised of lignin.
C07C 37/54 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par des réactions diminuant le nombre d'atomes de carbone par scission de composés polyaromatiques, p. ex. de polyphénolalcanes par hydrolyse de lignine ou de lessive résiduaire de sulfite
C08H 7/00 - LignineLignine modifiéeProduits dérivés à haut poids moléculaire
C08G 63/123 - Acides ou composés hydroxylés contenant des carbocycles
C10G 1/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de schiste bitumineux, de sable pétrolifère ou de matières carbonées solides non fusibles ou similaires, p. ex. bois, charbon
C10G 3/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de matières organiques contenant de l'oxygène, p. ex. huiles, acides gras
25.
CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF LIGNIN TO USEFUL COMPOUNDS
A continuous process for the conversion of lignin feedstock comprised of lignin and glucans, said process comprising: Slurry creation of a slurry comprised of lignin from the lignin feedstock, Charging the slurry comprised of lignin into a lignin conversion reactor having a lignin conversion pressure, wherein the pressure of the slurry comprised of lignin is higher than the lignin conversion pressure, Converting the lignin of the slurry comprised of lignin into lignin conversion products by contacting the lignin with hydrogen in the presence of a first catalyst at a lignin conversion temperature, and Removing the lignin conversion products from the lignin conversion reactor.
C07C 37/54 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par des réactions diminuant le nombre d'atomes de carbone par scission de composés polyaromatiques, p. ex. de polyphénolalcanes par hydrolyse de lignine ou de lessive résiduaire de sulfite
C08H 7/00 - LignineLignine modifiéeProduits dérivés à haut poids moléculaire
C08G 63/123 - Acides ou composés hydroxylés contenant des carbocycles
C10G 1/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de schiste bitumineux, de sable pétrolifère ou de matières carbonées solides non fusibles ou similaires, p. ex. bois, charbon
C10G 3/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de matières organiques contenant de l'oxygène, p. ex. huiles, acides gras
F04B 15/02 - Pompes adaptées pour travailler avec des fluides particuliers, p. ex. grâce à l'emploi de matériaux spécifiés pour la pompe elle-même ou certaines de ses parties les fluides étant visqueux ou non homogènes
26.
CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF LIGNIN TO USEFUL COMPOUNDS
A method for separating lignin conversion products from catalyst particles during a continuous catalytic conversion of a lignin feedstock to lignin conversion products comprising the steps of a. conducting the continuous catalytic conversion of the lignin feedstock to the lignin conversion products in the presence of free catalyst particles in a lignin conversion reactor, with the lignin conversion reactor having a liquid phase and a gas phase with a liquid level at the interface between the liquid phase and the gas phase and b. removing the lignin conversion products from the lignin conversion reactor at a lignin conversion products removal velocity at a point in the lignin conversion reactor which is higher relative to gravity than the liquid level of the lignin conversion reactor wherein the lignin conversion products removal velocity is less than a settling velocity of the catalyst particles.
An integrated process for the conversion of a ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock comprised of lignin and carbohydrates, said process comprising: A. Pretreating the ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock with treatment water which includes steam explosion to create a pre- treated ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock, B. Converting at least a portion of the carbohydrates of the pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock into carbohydrate conversion products selected from the group consisting of alcohols, polyols, glucans, gluco-lignins and cellulose, C. Charging the lignin from the ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock into a lignin conversion reactor having a lignin conversion pressure via a stream comprised of lignin from the ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock, D. Converting at least a portion of the lignin of the pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock into lignin conversion products by contacting the lignin with hydrogen in the presence of a first catalyst at a lignin conversion temperature,
Continuous process for conversion of lignin to useful compounds This specification discloses a process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass comprising the steps of : Pretreating the ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock with treatment water which includes steam explosion to create a pre-treated ligno- cellulosic biomass feedstock, Converting at least a portion of the glucans and xylans to chemicals other than glucose and xylose and their respective glucose and xylose oligomers and polymers to create a ligno-cellulosic biomass stillage comprising lignin, a pre-treatment BOD concentration and a pre- treatment COD concentration, Converting the lignin of the ligno-cellulosic biomass stillage to products other than lignin by exposing the ligno-cellulosic biomass stillage to hydrogen and a first catalyst to produce a liquid phase at 25 °C, Rrecovering a treated water from the liquid phase having a post-treatment BOD concentration and a post treatment COD concentration, both of which are 50% less than the pre-treatment BOD and COD concentration and, using the treated water in at least one of the steps selected from the group consisting of a waste water treatment process and any process step preceding recovering the treated water from the liquid phase, before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.
C07C 37/50 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par des réactions diminuant le nombre d'atomes de carbone
C10G 1/06 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de schiste bitumineux, de sable pétrolifère ou de matières carbonées solides non fusibles ou similaires, p. ex. bois, charbon par hydrogénation destructive
C10G 3/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de matières organiques contenant de l'oxygène, p. ex. huiles, acides gras
Disclosed in this specification is a lignin composition having unique characteristics relative to its characteristics as found in its natural environment. The lignin has been modified so that more lignin decomposes at the lower lignin decomposition temperature than decomposes at the higher lignin decomposition temperature and the lignin composition has a very high surface area relative to naturally occurring lignin compositions.
This specification describes a process of producing a monomeric sugar stream, with little or no acid addition, from an oligomeric sugar solution using the intrinsic features of the mildly pre-treated vegetable or ligno-cellulosic biomass, namely the presence of naturally occurring salts. This is accomplished by lowering the pH of the oligomer sugar solution with little or no addition of an acid and then exposing the biomass with the lowered pH to an elevated temperature greater than 80°C for a time sufficient to hydrolyze the components of the biomass.
This specification discloses a complete method to manufacture polyester articles from freshly harvested ligno-cellulosic biomass. The process steps include pretreating the biomass and the converting the lignin to one of several possible organic steams in a one step process by combining the lignin with water, hydrogen, and an elemental metal catalyst such as Raney Nickel at the specificied temperature and pressures to produce very specific products, separating the organics, and then processing the organics into polyester feedstocks and converting those feedstocks to polyester.
C08L 97/00 - Compositions contenant des matières contenant de la lignine
C10G 1/06 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de schiste bitumineux, de sable pétrolifère ou de matières carbonées solides non fusibles ou similaires, p. ex. bois, charbon par hydrogénation destructive
C10G 1/08 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de schiste bitumineux, de sable pétrolifère ou de matières carbonées solides non fusibles ou similaires, p. ex. bois, charbon par hydrogénation destructive avec catalyseurs mobiles
D21C 3/00 - Réduction en pâte des matières contenant de la cellulose
brevets
