The invention relates to a system for crystallizing a material that is dissolved in a solvent and that is to be crystallized, comprising a crystallization device through which a solution that is to be concentrated and that comprises the solvent containing the material to be crystallized and dissolved in said solvent, and a liquid, comprising a lower temperature than the solution to be concentrated, flows, wherein the crystallization device comprises at least one flow channel guiding the solution to be concentrated and at least one flow channel guiding the liquid, wherein the inner space of each respective flow channel guiding the liquid is delimited at least in part by a membrane wall that is permeable for the vaporous solvent, however not for the liquid solvent and a respective flow channel guiding the liquid is adjacent to at least one respective flow channel guiding the solution to be concentrated, whereby a vapor pressure difference sets in via the membrane wall, such that the solvent passes from the solution to be concentrated across the membrane wall.
A cooling device for cooling a fluid comprises a vertical cooling tower, into an upper area of which the fluid to be cooled is fed and from a lower area of which the cooled fluid is discharged. The fluid in the cooling tower is cooled by a cooling gas flowing from the bottom to the top. At least one installation in which the fluid is conducted is provided in the gas space of the cooling tower through which cooling gas flows. Each installation comprises at least one fluid channel that is separated at least in part from the gas space of the cooling tower by a fluid-tight membrane wall that is permeable to vapour on both sides.
F28B 1/06 - Condenseurs dans lesquels la vapeur d'eau ou autre vapeur est séparée de l'agent de refroidissement par des parois, p. ex. condenseur à surface utilisant l'air ou un autre gaz comme agent de refroidissement
B01D 61/36 - PervaporationDistillation à membranesPerméation liquide
F28D 9/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur comportant des ensembles de canalisations fixes en forme de plaques ou de laminés pour les deux sources de potentiel calorifique, ces sources étant en contact chacune avec un côté de la paroi d'une canalisation
The invention relates to an absorption refrigeration machine (10) that includes an evaporator (12) and an absorber (18) and is characterized in that the evaporator (12) comprises at least one evaporating unit (12') having a coolant channel (26), through which the coolant (16) flows and which is delimited at least in part by a heat-conducting, vapor- and liquid-tight wall (24), and having at least one refrigerant channel (28) that adjoins the heat-conducting wall (24), is loaded with the refrigerant (14), and is separated from a vapor chamber (32) by a vapor-permeable, liquid-tight membrane wall (30) on the side of the refrigerant channel opposite the heat-conducting wall (24), and in that the absorber (18) comprises an absorption unit (18') having a cooling-medium channel, through which a cooling medium (34) flows and which is delimited at least in part by a heat-conducting, vapor- and liquid-tight wall (36), and having an absorption channel (40) which adjoins the heat-conducting wall and to which the concentrated, low-refrigerant pair of working substances (22) is fed and which is loaded with refrigerant vapor(20) from the vapor chamber (32) via a vapor-permeable, liquid-tight membrane wall (42) provided on the side of the absorption channel opposite the heat-conducting wall (36).
The invention relates to a membrane distillation device, comprising at least one condensation/evaporation stage, which comprises at least one condensation unit and at least one evaporation unit and to which vapor is fed and through which a liquid to be concentrated flows, wherein each condensation unit comprises a first vapor chamber that is bounded at least partially by a condensation wall and to which the fed vapor is supplied and each evaporation unit comprises a second vapor chamber that is bounded at least partially by a vapor-permeable, liquid-tight membrane wall, and in each condensation/evaporation stage at least one flow channel is provided, which is formed between such a condensation unit and such an evaporator unit adjacent to said condensation unit and which conducts the liquid to be concentrated, and thus the liquid to be concentrated is heated by means of the condensation wall, and vapor arising from the liquid to be concentrated enters the second vapor chamber through the membrane wall. At least one condensation/evaporation stage is expanded by an integrated apparatus for preheating the liquid to be concentrated, which apparatus comprises at least one additional vapor chamber, to which the vapor fed to the condensation/evaporation stage is supplied and in which the vapor is condensed, whereby the liquid to be concentrated is preheated.
The invention relates to a system for separating a product contained as solvent in a solution to be processed, comprising at least one forward osmosis device (816) through which the solution to be processed and a draw solution flow, and a device connected downstream thereof for obtaining the product (56, 62) from the diluted draw solution exiting the forward osmosis device, wherein the forward osmosis device comprises at least one flow channel conducting the solution to be processed and at least one flow channel conducting the draw solution, the inner space of a respective flow channel conducting the solution to be processed is delimited at least partially by a semi-permeable membrane wall that is permeable to the solvent of the solution to be processed but not to the substance dissolved therein, and at least one flow channel conducting the draw solution is delimited on opposite sides by membrane walls that are associated with two adjoining flow channels conducting the solution to be processed, such that solvent from the solution to be processed passes through the membrane walls into the adjoining flow channels conducting the draw solution.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
The invention relates to an apparatus (10) for drying and/or cooling gas (12), in particular air, by means of a hygroscopic solution (14), said apparatus comprising an absorption device (16) which comprises at least one gas flow duct (18) and at least one flow duct (20) carrying the hygroscopic solution, wherein the inner or gas chamber (22) of a respective gas flow duct is at least partly delimited by a vapor-permeable liquid-tight membrane wall (24) and at least one flow duct is provided, which is formed between such a gas flow duct and a further such gas flow duct adjacent to the latter or an adjacent cooling unit (26) and which carries the hygroscopic solution, so that moisture, in particular water vapor, passes from the gas into the hygroscopic solution via the membrane wall and is absorbed in said solution.
F24F 3/14 - Systèmes de conditionnement d'air dans lesquels l'air conditionné primaire est fourni par une ou plusieurs stations centrales aux blocs de distribution situés dans les pièces ou enceintes, blocs dans lesquels il peut subir un traitement secondaireAppareillage spécialement conçu pour de tels systèmes caractérisés par le traitement de l'air autrement que par chauffage et refroidissement par humidificationSystèmes de conditionnement d'air dans lesquels l'air conditionné primaire est fourni par une ou plusieurs stations centrales aux blocs de distribution situés dans les pièces ou enceintes, blocs dans lesquels il peut subir un traitement secondaireAppareillage spécialement conçu pour de tels systèmes caractérisés par le traitement de l'air autrement que par chauffage et refroidissement par déshumidification
The invention relates to a multistage membrane distillation device comprising a heating stage (28), preferably multiple condensing/evaporating stages (12), and a condensing stage (36) through which a liquid to be concentrated is passed in succession. Each condensing/evaporating stage comprises at least one condensing unit (K) and at least one evaporating unit (V). Each condensing unit comprises a first steam chamber that is delimited at least partly by a condensation wall (16), and each evaporating unit comprises a second steam chamber that is delimited at least partly by a steam-permeable liquid-tight membrane wall (20). At least one flow channel which is formed between such a condensing unit K and such an evaporating unit V that adjoins said condensing unit and which conducts the liquid to be concentrated is provided in each condensing/evaporating stage so that the liquid to be concentrated is heated by means of the condensation wall, and the steam that is generated from the liquid to be concentrated reaches the second steam chamber through the membrane wall. The steam that is produced in a respective preceding stage is conducted into a condensing unit of the immediately following stage via a steam channel which exclusively conducts said steam and which exclusively further conducts said steam to the immediately following stage.
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