A cryptographic device comprising a Photonic Entropy Source, ES, and an electronic cryptographic module, CM, wherein both the ES and the CM are integrated into a single chip. Also, a method for fabricating an integrated cryptographic device using a VCSEL, the method comprising: fabricating a cryptographic module using CMOS technology; fabricating a VCSEL laser using III-V semiconductor technology; connecting the VCSEL laser to the cryptographic module via a direct contact to a waveguide; and integrating the VCSEL laser and the cryptographic module into a single chip assembly
G06F 7/58 - Générateurs de nombres aléatoires ou pseudo-aléatoires
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
2.
HARDWARE VERIFICATION METHOD FOR PHYSICAL RANDOM NUMBER GENERATORS
A device or system for hardware verification, comprising: at least one entropy source, at least one computing device, connected or connectable to said at least one entropy source, the at least one computing device being adapted to use at least one challenge-response protocol to verify hardware of one or more said entropy sources by using at least one statistical metric of the said at least one entropy source, the at least one challenge-response protocol comprising at least one challenge-response pair; and the at least one statistical metric being used in the at least one challenge-response pair. Also, a method for hardware verification.
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
3.
A DEVICE COMPRISING A LASING COMPONENT FOR EMITTING LASER LIGHT
A device comprising a lasing component for emitting laser light, a mode selection component for selectively transmitting and/or reflecting at least one mode of the emitted laser light and a detection component for detecting the at least one mode, the device comprising a casing, wherein at least two of the lasing component, the mode selection component and the detection component arranged relative to each other within the casing in a non-collinear way to direct light from the laser component into the detection component.
H01S 5/02326 - Dispositions pour le positionnement relatif des diodes laser et des composants optiques, p. ex. rainures dans le support pour fixer des fibres optiques ou des lentilles
H01S 5/026 - Composants intégrés monolithiques, p. ex. guides d'ondes, photodétecteurs de surveillance ou dispositifs d'attaque
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
38 - Services de télécommunications
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Apparatus, instruments and cables for electricity; Scientific research and laboratory apparatus, educational apparatus and simulators; Downloadable and recorded content; Safety, security, protection and signalling devices; Testing and quality control equipment; Magnets, magnetizers and demagnetizers; Phones, mobile phones, smartphones, and accessories therefor. Telecommunications services, exclusively limited to cybersecurity, aerospace defence, quantum physics, semiconductors and scientific and academic research. Testing, authentication and quality control; Science and technology services; Design services; IT services.
5.
COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH A CHARACTERISTIC OF ENTROPY GENERATED BY A PHYSICAL ENTROPY GENERATOR
Computer-implemented method for obtaining information associated with a characteristic of entropy generated by a physical entropy generator, the method comprising: obtaining, from a distribution function of a signal output by the physical entropy generator, at least two percentiles of the distribution function; deriving, from a relation of the at least two percentiles, information associated with the characteristic of the generated entropy.
Computer-implemented method comprising obtaining a bit stream and transforming the bit stream into a floating-point number, wherein the floating-point number comprises an exponent and a significand, the transformation comprising determining the exponent of the floating-point number based on counting a number of bitwise shifts needed to obtain a bit value of 1 at a designated position of the bit stream, the transformation further comprising determining the significand of the floating-point number based on a certain number of bits that are different from the bits used for determining the exponent.
H03M 7/24 - Conversion en, ou à partir de codes à virgule flottante
G06F 7/483 - Calculs avec des nombres représentés par une combinaison non linéaire de nombres codés, p. ex. nombres rationnels, système de numération logarithmique ou nombres à virgule flottante
G06F 7/499 - Maniement de valeur ou d'exception, p. ex. arrondi ou dépassement
7.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE ACCELERATION OF RANDOMIZED WORKLOADS
A computing device or system, comprising: a randomness core, a kernel core, and a randomness distribution element; said randomness core delivering one or more random numbers to the randomness distribution element, said randomness distribution element delivering one or more random numbers to the kernel core, said kernel core including said one or more random numbers into one or more computational workloads, and said randomness core and said kernel core being two distinct logical or physical elements. Also, a Field-Programmable Gate Array, an integrated circuit board assembly, and a method for post-processing random numbers.
An apparatus, comprising: an entropy source, a computing device, a physical entropy monitoring device, wherein said entropy monitoring device is configured to measure a physical parameter of said entropy source, and at least one of said computing device or said physical entropy monitoring device is configured to compute an entropy quality metric at least based on said physical parameter of said entropy source. Also, a method for enhancing trust in certificate generation, a smartphone, and a communication network.
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
9.
METHODS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS FOR THE GATHERING, PROCESSING, AND DISTRIBUTION OF ENTROPY-RELATED METRICS
An apparatus, comprising: an entropy source, a computing device, a physical entropy monitoring device, wherein said entropy monitoring device is configured to measure a physical parameter of said entropy source, and at least one of said computing device or said physical entropy monitoring device is configured to compute an entropy quality metric at least based on said physical parameter of said entropy source. Also, a method for enhancing trust in certificate generation, a smartphone, and a communication network.
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
G06F 7/58 - Générateurs de nombres aléatoires ou pseudo-aléatoires
10.
COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR FINDING AN APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR A QUADRATIC UNCONSTRAINED BINARY OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM
INSTUTUCIÓ CATALANA DE RECERCA I ESTUDIS AVANÇATS (Espagne)
QUSIDE TECHNOLOGIES S.L. (Espagne)
FUNDACIÓ INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES FOTÒNIQUES (Espagne)
Inventeur(s)
Bowles, Joseph
Huembeli, Patrick
Acín, Antonio
Dauphin, Alexandre
Martínez, José Ramón
Abrégé
Computer-implemented method for finding an approximate solution for a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem, QUBO problem, the method being performed by a computing system and the method comprising: providing, as input to the computing system, the QUBO problem in a form comprising an Ising Hamiltonian operator, iteratively obtaining a cost function, the cost function depending at least on the Ising Hamiltonian operator, one or more spins si and/or the step of the algorithm within each step of the iteration, obtaining, by the computing system, associated intermediate values of the one or more spins si using the cost function, obtaining, at the end of the iterative process, by the computing system, final values of the one or more spins si that approximately minimize the final iteratively obtained cost function, obtaining, by the computing system, from the final values of the one or more spins si, an approximate solution for the QUBO problem, wherein the step of obtaining updated intermediate values of the one or more spins si is performed using a gradient descent technique or a sequential updating of intermediate values of the one or more spins.
G06F 17/17 - Évaluation de fonctions par des procédés d'approximation, p. ex. par interpolation ou extrapolation, par lissage ou par le procédé des moindres carrés
Provided for herein is a method for generating random numbers, the method includes driving, using a power source and a controller controlling the power source, a surface emitting laser in direct modulation mode, wherein the direct modulation mode is controlled by the controller so that the surface emitting laser is alternately driven below and above the lasing threshold so that laser pulses are emitted from the surface emitting laser, wherein, for driving the surface emitting laser above the lasing threshold, a current is chosen so that the surface emitting laser operates within a bistability zone of the surface emitting laser, and wherein the method comprises detecting, by a photodetector, the laser pulses emitted by the surface emitting laser and generating random numbers from the detected laser pulses.
H01S 5/062 - Dispositions pour commander les paramètres de sortie du laser, p. ex. en agissant sur le milieu actif en faisant varier le potentiel des électrodes
G06F 7/58 - Générateurs de nombres aléatoires ou pseudo-aléatoires
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Scientific, research, navigation, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, audiovisual, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; Apparatus and instruments for conducting, distributing, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; Apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; Recorded and downloadable media, computer software, blank digital or analogue recording and storage media; Coin-operated mechanisms; Cash registers, Calculating devices; Computers and computer peripherals; Dive skins, Divers' masks, Ear plugs for divers, Nose clips for divers and swimmers, Gloves for divers, Breathing apparatus for underwater swimming. Scientific and technological services, as well as related research and design services; industrial analysis, industrial research and industrial design services; Quality control and authentication; Design and development of computer hardware and software.
Computer-implemented method for obtaining information associated with a characteristic of entropy generated by a physical entropy generator, the method comprising: obtaining, from a distribution function of a signal output by the physical entropy generator, at least two percentiles of the distribution function; deriving, from a relation of the at least two percentiles, information associated with the characteristic of the generated entropy.
Computer-implemented method comprising obtaining a bit stream and transforming the bit stream into a floating-point number, wherein the floating-point number comprises an exponent and a significand, the transformation comprising determining the exponent of the floating-point number based on counting a number of bitwise shifts needed to obtain a bit value of 1 at a designated position of the bit stream, the transformation further comprising determining the significand of the floating-point number based on a certain number of bits that are different from the bits used for determining the exponent.
G06F 7/483 - Calculs avec des nombres représentés par une combinaison non linéaire de nombres codés, p. ex. nombres rationnels, système de numération logarithmique ou nombres à virgule flottante
G06F 7/58 - Générateurs de nombres aléatoires ou pseudo-aléatoires
16.
RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR COMPRISING A VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER
Provided for herein is random number generator that includes a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, VCSEL, a mode separator and a photodetector, the random number generator further comprising a power source to drive the VCSEL in direct modulation mode. The VCSEL is adapted to emit, from an emitting section into space outside of a VCSEL cavity, laser light with two distinct laser modes of random relative strength that can propagate in a propagation direction away from the emitting section. The mode separator is arranged between the photodetector and the VCSEL in propagation direction to separate the two distinct laser modes from each other and to transmit one of the distinct laser modes to the photodetector.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
H01S 5/42 - Réseaux de lasers à émission de surface
G06F 7/58 - Générateurs de nombres aléatoires ou pseudo-aléatoires
17.
COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR OBTAINING A CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION FROM A SIGNAL
Computer-implemented method for obtaining a cumulative distribution function from a signal, the signal having a range, the method comprising receiving the signal at a first port of a 1-bit comparator and applying a stepping signal at a second port of the comparator, the stepping signal having a stepping range that is less than the range of the signal, wherein the stepping signal is applied in a first step with a first value to the second port and in subsequent steps the subsequent value is increased or decreased by the stepping range compared to the value in the immediately preceding step, collecting, for each step, an output value at the output port of the comparator, collecting the output values for each of the steps and obtaining, from the collection of output values, the cumulative distribution function.
G06F 5/01 - Procédés ou dispositions pour la conversion de données, sans modification de l'ordre ou du contenu des données maniées pour le décalage, p. ex. la justification, le changement d'échelle, la normalisation
Method for generating random numbers, the method comprising driving, using a power source (105) and a control unit (151) controlling the power source, a surface emitting laser (101) in direct modulation mode, wherein the direct modulation mode is controlled by the control unit so that the surface emitting laser is alternatingly driven below and above the lasing threshold (LS) so that laser pulses are emitted from the surface emitting laser, wherein, for driving the surface emitting laser above the lasing threshold, a current is chosen so that the surface emitting laser to work within a bistability zone of the surface emitting laser with energy carried substantially by one of the two distinct laser modes (M1, M2). The laser modes are separated by a mode separator (102) that allows one (M1) of the two distinct laser modes to propagate to a photodetector (103). The method comprises detecting, by the photodetector (103), the laser pulses emitted by the surface emitting laser and generating random numbers from the detected laser pulses.
H01S 5/062 - Dispositions pour commander les paramètres de sortie du laser, p. ex. en agissant sur le milieu actif en faisant varier le potentiel des électrodes
G06F 7/58 - Générateurs de nombres aléatoires ou pseudo-aléatoires
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
Fundació Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (Espagne)
Inventeur(s)
Abellán Sánchez, Carlos
Martínez Saavedra, José Ramón
Tebbenjohanns, Felix
Abrégé
A method is provided for that includes representing a random number and a threshold as a sequence of bits and comparing the sequence of bits representing the random number with the sequence of bits representing the threshold on a bit-wise basis. The most significant bit of the sequence of bits representing the random number is compared with the most significant sequence of bits representing the threshold. If the bits are not equal, deciding that the random number is larger or smaller than the threshold. If the bits are equal, comparing the immediately following bit in the sequence of bits representing the random number with the immediately following bit in the sequence of bits representing the threshold, and repeating this until the bit of the random number does not equal that of the threshold is reached or until all bits have been compared and found to be equal.
A random number generator (100) comprising a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, VCSEL (101), a mode separator (102) and a photodetector (103), the random number generator further comprising a power source (105) to drive the VCSEL in direct modulation mode, wherein the VCSEL is adapted to emit, from an emitting section (115) into space outside of a VCSEL cavity, laser light with two distinct laser modes (Ml, M2) of random relative strength that can propagate in a propagation direction away from the emitting section, the mode separator is arranged in propagation direction between the photodetector and the VCSEL and the mode separator is arranged to separate the two distinct laser modes from each other and to transmit one of the distinct laser modes to the photodetector.
H01S 5/062 - Dispositions pour commander les paramètres de sortie du laser, p. ex. en agissant sur le milieu actif en faisant varier le potentiel des électrodes
G06F 7/58 - Générateurs de nombres aléatoires ou pseudo-aléatoires
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
An entropy provider for providing entropy to a computing device external to the entropy provider, the entropy provider comprising a power source and an entropy supply, wherein the power source is adapted to provide power to the entropy supply and wherein the entropy provider comprises a transmitter for transferring the entropy from the entropy supply to an external computing device.
Apparatuses for transferring power from a power source to a computing device are provided for. The apparatuses include an entropy-generator for generating entropy. The apparatus is adapted for transferring the entropy to the computing device (such as a mobile computing device) when it is connected to the computing device. The device is adapted to power the entropy-generator with power received from the power source. Methods are also provided for. The methods include providing power and/or entropy to a computing device.
System for generating random numbers comprising an optical component configured to generate two optical signals, and two photodetectors connected to the optical component, wherein the first photodetector is adapted to receive the first optical signal and to generate a first electrical signal and the second photodetector is adapted to receive the second optical signal and to generate a second electrical signal, wherein the optical component is adapted to generate first and second optical signals that randomly result in first and second electrical signals where the first and second electrical signals are either equal or one is larger than the other, the system characterized in that the photodetectors are adapted to transmit the first and second electrical signals to a comparator, wherein the comparator is adapted to provide an output based on a comparison of the first and second electrical signals, thereby providing the random number.
Computer-implemented method for obtaining a cumulative distribution function from a signal, the signal having a range, the method comprising receiving the signal at a first port of a 1-bit comparator and applying a stepping signal at a second port of the comparator, the stepping signal having a stepping range that is less than the range of the signal, wherein the stepping signal is applied in a first step with a first value to the second port and in subsequent steps the subsequent value is increased or decreased by the stepping range compared to the value in the immediately preceding step, collecting, for each step, an output value at the output port of the comparator, collecting the output values for each of the steps and obtaining, from the collection of output values, the cumulative distribution function.
FUNDACIÓ INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES FOTÒNIQUES (Espagne)
Inventeur(s)
Abellán Sánchez, Carlos
Martínez Saavedra, José Ramón
Tebbenjohanns, Felix
Abrégé
A computer-implemented method for deciding whether a random number is larger or smaller than a given threshold, the method comprising representing the random number and the threshold as a sequence of bits and comparing, by a comparator, the sequence of bits representing the random number with the sequence of bits representing the threshold on a bit-wise basis, wherein the comparison starts with comparing the most significant bit of the sequence of bits representing the random number with the most significant sequence of bits representing the threshold and, if the bits are not equal, deciding that the random number is larger or smaller than the threshold and, if the bits are equal, comparing the immediately following bit in the sequence of bits representing the random number with the immediately following bit in the sequence of bits representing the threshold, wherein this comparing is repeated until the first bit that is not equal in the sequence of bits representing the random number and the sequence of bits representing the threshold is reached or until all bits have been compared and found to be equal.
An entropy provider for providing entropy to a computing device external to the entropy provider, the entropy provider comprising a power source and an entropy supply, wherein the power source is adapted to provide power to the entropy supply and wherein the entropy provider comprises transfer means for transferring the entropy from the entropy supply to an external computing device.
A device for transferring power from a power source to a computing device, preferably a mobile computing device, wherein the device comprises an entropy-generator for generating entropy and wherein the device is further adapted for transferring the entropy to the computing device when it is connected to the computing device and wherein the device is adapted to power the entropy- generator with power received from the power source and a method for providing power and/or entropy to a computing device.
A device for transferring power from a power source to a computing device, preferably a mobile computing device, wherein the device comprises an entropy-generator for generating entropy and wherein the device is further adapted for transferring the entropy to the computing device when it is connected to the computing device and wherein the device is adapted to power the entropy- generator with power received from the power source and a method for providing power and/or entropy to a computing device.
System for generating random numbers, the system comprising an optical component that is adapted to generate two optical signals, and two photodetectors connected to the optical component, wherein the first photodetector is adapted to receive the first optical signal and to generate a first electrical signal based on the first optical signal and the second photodetector is adapted to receive the second optical signal and to generate a second electrical signal based on the second optical signal, wherein the optical component is adapted to generate first and second optical signals that randomly result in first and second electrical signals where the first and second electrical signals are either equal or one is larger than the other, the system characterized in that the photodetectors are adapted to transmit the first and second electrical signals to a comparator, wherein the comparator is adapted to provide an output based on a comparison of the first and second electrical signals, thereby providing the random number.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Optoelectronic components for optical communications, namely, lasers, photodetectors, transceivers, random number generators, quantum transceivers, frequency converters, single photon detectors, and optical field analysers, for integration in information and communications technologies (ICT) Scientific and technological services, namely, scientific, technological and industrial research in the field of engineering, hardware development, photonics, integrated photonics, optics, and quantum physics; product research and development, namely, statistical analysis, cybersecurity proofs, computation efficiency and device characterization and monitoring; scientific research in integrated photonics and randomness quantification; design and development of hardware components and statistical methods for characterization
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; Apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; Magnetic data carriers, recording discs; Compact discs, DVDs and other digital recording media; Mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; Cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment, computers; Computer software; Fire-extinguishing apparatus, optoelectronic components for integration in communications and information technology. Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industry analysis and research services; Design and development of computer hardware and software, scientific and technological services, namely scientific, technological and industrial research in the field of engineering, computer hardware development, photonics, integrated photonics, optics and quantum physics, product research and development, namely statistical analysis, cyber security testing, computational efficiency and characterisation and monitoring of devices; Scientific research relating to integrated photonics and random quantification; Design and development of hardware components and statistical methods for characterisation.
