VIRGIN ISLANDS MICROSYSTEMS, INC. (Îles Vierges (britanniques))
Inventeur(s)
Gorrell, Jonathan
Abrégé
A cover for use together with a transmitter of an encoded light or EMR beam for intercepting and re-directing the beam away from the transmitter toward a receiver, an optical device or another solid state device whereby data encoded on the encoded light or EMR beam can be transmitted out of the transmitter to a receiver and the data encoded thereon can be used or retransmitted.
H01L 33/60 - DISPOSITIFS À SEMI-CONDUCTEURS NON COUVERTS PAR LA CLASSE - Détails caractérisés par les éléments du boîtier des corps semi-conducteurs Éléments de mise en forme du champ optique Éléments réfléchissants
VIRGIN ISLANDS MICROSYSTEMS, INC. (Îles Vierges (britanniques))
Inventeur(s)
Gorrell, Jonathan
Davidson, Mark
Abrégé
A sensor device includes a substrate having first and second regions of first and second conductivity types, respectively. A junction having a band-gap is formed between the first and second regions. A plasmon source generates plasmons having fields. At least a portion of the plasmon source is formed near the junction, and the fields reduce the band-gap to enable a current to flow through the device.
H01L 27/14 - Dispositifs consistant en une pluralité de composants semi-conducteurs ou d'autres composants à l'état solide formés dans ou sur un substrat commun comprenant des composants semi-conducteurs sensibles aux rayons infrarouges, à la lumière, au rayonnement électromagnétique d'ondes plus courtes ou au rayonnement corpusculaire, et spécialement adaptés, soit comme convertisseurs de l'énergie dudit ra
3.
COUPLING LIGHT OF LIGHT EMITTING RESONATOR TO WAVEGUIDE
A waveguide conduit is constructed and adapted to.capture the light emitted by the at least one nanb-resonant structure. The nano-resonant structure emits light in response to excitation by a beam of charged particles, The source of charged particles may be an ion gun, a thermionic filament, a tungsten filament, a cathode, a field-emission cathode, a planar vacuum triode, an electron-impact ionizer, a laser ionizer, a chemical ionizer, a thermal ionizer, or an ion-impact ionizer.
A light-emitting device includes a plurality of ultra-small resonant structures, each of said structures constructed and adapted to emit electromagnetic radiation (EMR) at a particular wavelength when a beam of charged particles is passed nearby. A combiner mechanism constructed and adapted to combine data from a data source with the EMR emitted by at least one of the ultra-small resonant structures.
G09G 3/06 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande présentant un intérêt uniquement pour l'affichage utilisant des moyens de visualisation autres que les tubes à rayons cathodiques pour la présentation d'un seul caractère, soit en sélectionnant un seul caractère parmi plusieurs, soit en composant le caractère par combinaison d'éléments individuels, p.ex. de segments élémentaires utilisant des sources lumineuses commandées
G09G 3/36 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande présentant un intérêt uniquement pour l'affichage utilisant des moyens de visualisation autres que les tubes à rayons cathodiques pour la présentation d'un ensemble de plusieurs caractères, p.ex. d'une page, en composant l'ensemble par combinaison d'éléments individuels disposés en matrice en commandant la lumière provenant d'une source indépendante utilisant des cristaux liquides
A multi-frequency receiver for receiving plural frequencies of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) using a beam of charged particles shared between plural resonant structures. The direction of the beam of charged particles is selectively controlled by at least one deflector. The beam of charged particles passing near the resonant structure is altered on at least one characteristic as a result the presence of the electric field induced on the corresponding resonant structure. Alterations in the beam of charged particles are thus correlated to data values encoded by the electromagnetic radiation.
H01J 37/00 - Tubes à décharge pourvus de moyens permettant l'introduction d'objets ou d'un matériau à exposer à la décharge, p.ex. pour y subir un examen ou un traitement
VIRGIN ISLANDS MICROSYSTEMS, INC. (Îles Vierges (britanniques))
Inventeur(s)
Gorrell, Jonathan
Maines, Michael, E.
Abrégé
A method includes, for each desired wavelength of a plurality of desired output wavelengths, selecting a light-emitting resonant structure (LERS) that emits light at the desired wavelength when exposed to a beam of charged particles; and forming the periodically complex resonant structure from the selected light-emitting resonant structures.
Micro-resonant structures (110) form a part of an optical interconnect system that allows various integrated circuits to communicate with each other without being connected by signal wires. Substrates (105) have mounted thereon integrated circuits which include at least one optical communications section (110). Each optical communications section includes at least one transmitter and/or at least one receiver. Such transmitters may include at least one resonant structure, and such receivers may include a receiver for receiving optical emissions from at least one resonant structure. Substrates may also include, mounted thereon, at least one optical directing element such as a mirror, a lens, or a prism. Optical communications sections may also be isolated from each other using filters.
H04B 10/00 - Systèmes de transmission utilisant des ondes électromagnétiques autres que les ondes hertziennes, p.ex. les infrarouges, la lumière visible ou ultraviolette, ou utilisant des radiations corpusculaires, p.ex. les communications quantiques
A charged particle beam including charged particles (e.g., electrons) is generated from a charged particle source (e.g., a cathode or scanning electron beam). As the beam is projected, it passes between plural alternating electric fields. The attraction of the charged particles to their oppositely charged fields accelerates the charged particles, thereby increasing their velocities in the corresponding (positive or negative) direction. The charged particles therefore follow an oscillating trajectory. When the electric fields are selected to produce oscillating trajectories having the same (or nearly the same) as a multiple of the frequency of the emitted x-rays, the resulting photons can be made to constructively interfere with each other to produce a coherent x-ray source.
H05H 7/22 - TECHNIQUE DU PLASMA; PRODUCTION DE PARTICULES ÉLECTRIQUEMENT CHARGÉES ACCÉLÉRÉES OU DE NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OU ACCÉLÉRATION DE FAISCEAUX MOLÉCULAIRES OU ATOMIQUES NEUTRES - Détails des dispositifs des types couverts par les groupes - Détails d'accélérateurs linéaires, p.ex. tubes de glissement
9.
CHARGED PARTICLE ACCELERATION APPARATUS AND METHOD
A charged particle beam (100) including charged particles (110) is generated from a charged particle source (e.g., a cathode or scanning electron beam). As the beam is projected, it passes between plural alternating electric fields (130p, n). In one embodiment, the electric fields alternate not only on the same side but across from each other as well. The attraction of the charged particles to their oppositely charged fields accelerates the charged particles, thereby increasing their velocities in the corresponding (positive or negative) direction. The velocity oscillation direction can be either perpendicular to the direction of motion of the beam or parallel to the direction of motion of the beam.
An optical transmitter produces electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) of at least one frequency (e.g., at a particular color frequency) by utilizing a resonant structure that is excited by the presence a beam of charged particles (e.g., a beam of electrons) where the electromagnetic radiation is transmitted along a communications medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable). In at least one embodiment, the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation is higher than that of the microwave spectrum.
A device (FIG. 2) has a plurality of ultra-small resonant structures (USRn), each of said structures constructed and adapted to emit light at a particular wavelength when a beam of charged particles is passed nearby, wherein at least one of the light emitters ( 102j) emits light in a first range of wavelengths and wherein at least another of said light emitters emits light in a second range of wavelengths, distinct from said first range of wavelengths; and a controller mechanism (204) constructed and adapted to selectively switch different ones of said light emitters on and off, whereby said device emits light in said first range of wavelengths or said second range of wavelengths. The wavelengths may be selected to emulate or provide warm light, cold light.
A device for coupling energy in a plasmon wave to an electron beam includes a metal transmission line having a pointed end; a generator mechanism constructed and adapted to generate a beam of charged particles; and a detector microcircuit disposed adjacent to the generator mechanism. The generator mechanism and the detector microcircuit are disposed adjacent the pointed end of the metal transmission line and wherein a beam of charged particles from the generator mechanism to the detector microcircuit electrically couples the plasmon wave traveling along the metal transmission line to the microcircuit.
An electronic receiver for decoding data encoded into light is described. The light is received at an ultra-small resonant structure. The resonant structure generates an electric field in response to the incident light. An electron beam passing near the resonant structure is altered on at least one characteristic as a result of the electric field. Data is encoded into the light by a characteristic that is seen in the electric field during resonance and therefore in the electron beam as it passes the electric field. Alterations in the electron beam are thus correlated to data values encoded into the light.
A23G 9/34 - Desserts glacés, p.ex. confiseries glacées, glaces; Mélanges correspondants caractérisés par la composition caractérisés par les hydrates de carbone utilisés, p.ex. des polysaccharides
A23G 9/46 - Produits à structure aérée, mousseuse, cellulaire ou poreuse
An electronic receiver (10) for decoding data encoded into electromagnetic radiation (15) (e g, light) is described. The light is received at an ultra-small resonant structure (12). The resonant structure generates an electric field in response to the incident light and light received from a local oscillator. An electron beam (13) passing near the resonant structure is altered on at least one characteristic as a result of the electric field. Data is encoded into the light by a characteristic that is seen in the electric field during resonance and therefore in the electron beam as it passes the electric field. Alterations in the electron beam are thus correlated to data values encoded into the light.
A device includes at least one ultra-small resonant structure; and shielding constructed and adapted to shield at least a portion of said ultra-small resonant structure with a high-permeability magnetic material. The magnetic material is formed from a substance selected from a non-conductive magnetic oxide such as a ferrite; a cobaltite, a chromite, and a manganite. The magnetic material may be mumetal, permalloy, Hipernom, HyMu-80, supermalloy, supermumetal, nilomag, sanbold, Mo-Permalloy, Ultraperm, or M-1040.
In a laser system, a set of substantially coherent electromagnetic radiation is applied as an input to a Raman laser. The Raman laser may be fabricated on the same integrated circuit as the source of the substantially coherent electromagnetic radiation or may be fabricated on a different integrated circuit as the source of the substantially coherent electromagnetic radiation.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, c. à d. dispositifs utilisant l'émission stimulée de rayonnement électromagnétique dans la gamme de l’infrarouge, du visible ou de l’ultraviolet utilisant des effets de diffusion, p.ex. l'effet Brillouin ou Raman stimulé
In order to reduce the exposure of a detector surface 180 of a photo-multiplier 160 to stray charged particles, an off-axis structure is interposed between the resonant structure and the detector surface of the photo-multiplier. By providing the off-axis structure with at least one reflective surface, photons are reflected toward the detector surface of the photo-multiplier while at the same time absorbing stray charged particles. Stray particles may be absorbed by the reflective surface or by any other part of the off- axis structure. The off-axis structure may additionally be provided with an electrical bias and/or an absorbing coating for absorbing stray charged particles.
A multi-chip module includes a plurality of chips; and a wavelength multiplexed optical connector, wherein at least some of the chips are optically interconnected via the wavelength multiplexed connector. Some of the chips have one or more nano-resonant structures constructed and adapted to emit electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in response to excitation by a beam of charged particles; and at least one waveguide conduit constructed and adapted to capture the EMR emitted by the at least one nano-resonant structure. The at least one waveguide conduit of a particular chip optically connects said particular chip to said wavelength multiplexed optical connector.
G02B 6/12 - OPTIQUE ÉLÉMENTS, SYSTÈMES OU APPAREILS OPTIQUES - Détails de structure de dispositions comprenant des guides de lumière et d'autres éléments optiques, p.ex. des moyens de couplage du type guide d'ondes optiques du genre à circuit intégré
19.
INTEGRATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DETECTOR ON INTEGRATED CHIP
A device includes an integrated circuit (IC) and at least one ultra-small resonant structure and a detection mechanism are formed on said IC (100). At least the ultra-small resonant structure portion of the device is vacuum packaged. The ultra-small resonant structure includes a plasmon detector having a transmission line (108) The detector mechanism includes a generator mechanism (102, 104) constructed and adapted to generate a beam of charged particles (105) along a path adjacent to the transmission line; and a detector microcircuit (106) disposed along said path; at a location after said beam has gone past said line, wherein the generator mechanism and the detector microcircuit are disposed adjacent transmission line and wherein a beam of charged particles from the generator mechanism to the detector microcircuit electrically couples a plasmon wave traveling along the metal transmission line to the microcircuit The detector mechanism may be electrically connected to the underlying IC.
An electronic transmitter or receiver employing electromagnetic radiation as a coded signal carrier is described. In the transmitter, the electromagnetic radiation is emitted from ultra-small resonant structures when an electron beam passes proximate the structures. In the receiver, the electron beam passes near ultra-small resonant structures and is altered in path or velocity by the effect of the electromagnetic radiation on structures. The electron beam is accelerated to an appropriate current density without the use of a high power supply. Instead, a sequence of low power levels is supplied to a sequence of anodes in the electron beam path. The electron beam is thereby accelerated to a desired current density appropriate for the transmitter or receiver application without the need for a high- level power source.
A device for determining the state of a magnetic element includes an emitter constructed and adapted to emit a charged particle beam; a bi-state magnetic cell disposed on a path of the particle beam, whereby the particle beam is deflected along a first deflection path when the cell is in a first magnetic state, and the particle beam is deflected along a second deflection path, distinct from the first deflection path, when the cell is in a second magnetic state. At least one ultra-small resonant structure positioned on the deflection paths.
An ultra-small resonant structure that produces electromagnetic radiation at selected frequencies that can also be used or formed in conjunction with passive optical structures. The resonant structure can be produced from any conducting material. The passive optical structures can be formed from glass, polymer, dielectrics, or any other material sufficiently transparent using conventional patterning, etching and deposition techniques. The passive optical structures can be formed directly on the ultra-small resonant structures, or alternatively on an intermediate structure, or the passive optical structures can be formed in combination with other passive optical structures. The size and dimension of the passive optical structures can be identical with underlying structures, they can merely extend outwardly beyond an exterior shape of the underlying structure, or the passive optical structures can span across a plurality of the underlying structures, including in each instance embodiments with and without the intermediate structures.
A device includes first and second chips, each chip containing at least one electronic circuit. The second chip has one or more receivers. A deflection mechanism operationally connected to an electronic circuit of the first chip directs a charged particle beam to different ones of the receivers, based, at least in part, on a data signal provided by the electronic circuit.
A nano-resonating structure constructed and adapted to include additional ultra-small structures (314) that can be formed with reflective surfaces. By positioning such ultra-small structures (314) adjacent ultra-small resonant structures (306) the light or other EMR being produced by the ultra-small resona structures (306) when excited can be reflected in multiple directions (322). This permits the light or EMR out put to be viewed and used in multiple directions.
H01J 23/22 - Connexions entre résonateurs, p.ex. rubans de connexion de résonateurs d'un magnétron
H01L 29/267 - Corps semi-conducteurs caractérisés par les matériaux dont ils sont constitués comprenant, à part les matériaux de dopage ou autres impuretés, des éléments couverts par plusieurs des groupes , , , , dans différentes régions semi-conductrices
H01L 27/15 - Dispositifs consistant en une pluralité de composants semi-conducteurs ou d'autres composants à l'état solide formés dans ou sur un substrat commun comprenant des composants semi-conducteurs avec au moins une barrière de potentiel ou une barrière de surface, spécialement adaptés pour l'émission de lumière
25.
TOP METAL LAYER SHIELD FOR ULTRA-SMALL RESONANT STRUCTURES
When using micro-resonant structures which are being excited and caused to resonate by use of a charged particle beam, whether as emitters or receivers, especially in a chip or circuit board environment, it is important to prevent the charged particle beam from coupling to or affecting other structures or layers in the chip or circuit board. Shielding can be provided along the path of the charged particle beam, on top of the substrate, to prevent such coupling.
Test apparatus for examining the operation and functioning of ultra-small resonant structures, and specifically using an SEM as the testing device and its electron beam as an exciting source of charged particles to cause the ultra-small resonant structures to resonate and produce EMR.
G01N 23/00 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p.ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou
27.
COUPLING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THROUGH MICROCIRCUIT
A device includes a waveguide layer formed on a substrate. An ultra-small resonant structure emits electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the waveguide layer. One or more circuits are formed on the waveguide layer and each operatively connected thereto to receive the EMR emitted by the ultra-small resonant structure. The waveguide layer may be transparent at wavelengths corresponding to wavelengths of the EMR emitted by the ultra-small resonant structure. The EMR may be visible light and may encode a data signal such as a clock signal.
G02B 6/10 - OPTIQUE ÉLÉMENTS, SYSTÈMES OU APPAREILS OPTIQUES - Détails de structure de dispositions comprenant des guides de lumière et d'autres éléments optiques, p.ex. des moyens de couplage du type guide d'ondes optiques
A filter for use with an array of ultra-small resonant structures that are producing encoded EMR wherein the filter is designed to either reflect encoded EMR beams or to permit certain frequencies to pass there through so that the encoded EMR beam and its encoded data can be transmitted out of the device an to another receiver where the data can be used.
A device and method is provided that includes a window for coupling a signal between cavities of a device or between cavities of different devices. A wall or microstructure is formed on a surface and defines a cavity. The window is formed in the wall and comprises at least a portion of the wall and is electrically conductive. The cavity can be sized to resonate at various frequencies within the terahertz portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and generate an electromagnetic wave to carry the signal. The window allows surface currents to flow without disruption on the inside surface of the cavity.
A device includes an integrated circuit (IC) and at least one ultra-small resonant structure formed on said IC. At least the ultra-small resonant structure portion of the device is vacuum packaged. The ultra-small resonant structure portion of the device may be grounded or connected to a known electrical potential. The ultra-small resonant structure may be electrically connected to the underlying IC, or not.
A device for coupling an input signal to an output signal includes a metal transmission line; an ultra-small resonant receiver structure operatively connected to an end of the transmission line constructed and adapted receive the input signal and to cause at least part of the input signal to be passed along the transmission line in the form of plasmons; an ultra-small resonant transmitter structure operatively connected to another end of the transmission line and constructed and adapted to receive at least some of the plasmons corresponding to the input signal on the transmission line and to transmit the received signal as an output signal; a source of charged particles constructed and adapted to deliver a beam of charged particles along a path adjacent the ultra-small resonant receiver structure, wherein the input signal is encoded in the beam of charged particles; and a detector mechanism constructed and adapted to detect the output signal from the ultra- small resonant transmitter structure and to provide a signal representative of the output signal to another circuit. The receiver and/or transmitter structures may be formed on, in or adjacent to the transmission line.
G01N 21/00 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de moyens optiques, c. à d. en utilisant des ondes submillimétriques, de la lumière infrarouge, visible ou ultraviolette
A system includes a plurality of chips, at least one of said chips having transmission circuitry constructed and adapted to emit a signal in the form of electro-magnetic radiation (EMR), said transmission circuitry including one or more nano-resonant structures that emit said EMR when exposed to a beam of charged particles, and at least some of said chips having receiver circuitry constructed and adapted to receive an EMR signal. A connector is constructed and adapted to receive emitted EMR from said at least one of said chips having transmission circuitry and further constructed and adapted to provide data in said EMR emitted by said at least one of said chips to receiver circuitry of at least some others of said plurality of chips.
An array of ultra-small structures of between ones of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers in size that can be energized to produce at least two different frequencies of out put energy or data, with the ultra small structures being formed on a single conductive layer on a substrate. The array can include one row of different ultra small structures, multiple rows of ultra small structures, with each row containing identical structures, or multiple rows of a variety of structures that can produce all spectrums of energy or combinations thereof, including visible light.
H01S 3/0959 - Procédés ou appareils pour l'excitation, p.ex. pompage utilisant le pompage par des particules de haute énergie par un faisceau d'électrons
34.
A FOCAL PLANE ARRAY INCORPORATING ULTRA-SMALL RESONANT STRUCTURES
A focal plane array electromagnetic radiation detector includes an array of micro-electromagnetic resonant detector cells. Each micro-electromagnetic resonant detector cell may include an ultra-small resonant structure for receiving an electromagnetic wave and adapted to angularly modulate a charged particle beam in response to receiving an electromagnetic wave. Each micro-electromagnetic detector cell may include a detector portion that measures the angular modulation of the charged particle beam. The ultra-small resonant structure is designed to angularly modulate the charged particle beam according to a characteristic of the received electromagnetic wave.
Electronic receiver array for decoding data encoded into electromagnetic radiation, (e g, light) Light is received at an ultra-small resonant structure (12) The resonant structure generates an electric field in response to the incident light (15) and light received from local oscillator (2Q20) An electron beam passing near the resonant structure (12) is altered on at least one characteristic as a result of the electric field Data is encoded into the light by a characteristic that is seen in the electric field during resonance and therefore in the electron beam as it passes the electric field Alterations in the electron beam are thus correlated to data values encoded into the light
An imaging device includes an image carrier; and an array of ultra-small light-emitting resonant structures constructed and adapted to emit light onto the image carrier, at least one of said ultra-small light-emitting structures emitting light in response to exposure to a beam of charged particles. The image carrier may be a drum. One or more imaging devices may be incorporated in a copying machine; a printer; or facsimile machine.
B41J 2/41 - Machines à écrire ou mécanismes d'impression sélective caractérisés par le procédé d'impression ou de marquage pour lequel ils sont conçus caractérisés par l'alimentation sélective en courant électrique ou l'application sélective d'un champ magnétique à un matériau d'impression ou de transfert d'impression pour l'impression électrostatique
B41J 2/47 - Machines à écrire ou mécanismes d'impression sélective caractérisés par le procédé d'impression ou de marquage pour lequel ils sont conçus caractérisés par l'irradiation sélective d'un matériau d'impression ou de transfert d'impression utilisant la combinaison du balayage et de la modulation de lumière
G03G 15/04 - Appareils pour procédés électrographiques utilisant un dessin de charge pour exposer, c.à d. pour projeter optiquement l'image originale sur un matériau d'enregistrement photoconducteur
G03G 21/06 - Elimination des charges résiduelles d'un élément d'enregistrement d'image réutilisable
G03G 21/08 - Elimination des charges résiduelles d'un élément d'enregistrement d'image réutilisable à l'aide d'un rayonnement optique
G03G 13/04 - Exposition, c.à d. projection optique de l'image originale sur un matériau d'enregistrement photoconducteur
G11B 3/00 - Enregistrement par gravure, déformation ou pressage mécaniques, p.ex. de sillons ou de creux; Reproduction par lecture mécanique; Supports d'enregistrement correspondants
37.
COUPLING OUTPUT FROM A MICRO RESONATOR TO A PLASMON TRANSMISSION LINE
A device for coupling output from a resonant structure to a plasmon transmission line includes a transmission line formed adjacent at least one element of the light-emitting resonant structure; a detector microcircuit disposed adjacent to the transmission line and wherein a beam of charged particles electrically couples the a plasmon wave traveling along the metal transmission line to the microcircuit.
A device for testing a light-emitting resonant structure on a wafer includes a vacuum chamber for holding the resonant structure; a source of charged particles; a electromagnetic radiation detector; a positioning mechanism constructed and adapted control the position of the wafer within the vacuum chamber; and a controller operatively connected to said source of electrons and to said detector and to said positioning mechanism. A voltage source may be provided.
G01N 23/00 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p.ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou
An antenna system includes a dielectric structure formed on a substrate; an antenna, partially within the dielectric structure, and supported by the dielectric structure; a reflective surface formed on the substrate. A shield blocks radiation from a portion of the antenna and from at least some of the dielectric structure. The shield is supported by the dielectric structure.
A process to produce ultra-small structures of between ones of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers in size, in which the structures are compact, nonporous and exhibit smooth vertical surfaces. Such processing is accomplished using a non-conductive or semi-conductive substrate on which a layer of a conductive material, such as a conductive polymer, is applied, and on which a second layer of a masking material, such as a pattern resist material, is applied. Following patterning of the second resist layer, and either the full or partial etching of the conductive polymer, or alternatively omitting the step of etching the conductive layer, electroplating techniques will be used to produce ultra-small structures on the substrate or alternatively directly on the conductive layer, after which either all of remaining portions of the conductive polymer layer and the resist layer will be removed, or only the resist layer will be removed, or alternatively neither will be removed.
A system in a package (SIP) or multi-chip module (200, 300, 400) (MCM) uses an electron beam (235, 335, 435) for electrically coupling between microcircuits (230, 330, 430) and (232, 332, 432). In one embodiment, the micro-circuits (230, 430) and (232, 432) can be configured in a side-by-side configuration. In another embodiment, the micro-circuits (330) and (332) can be configured in a chip-on-chip configuration. In yet another embodiment, the electron beam (435) can include a plurality of electron beams (436) and appear as ribbon shaped between two micro-circuits (430, 432). Further, the fabrication to form the electron source (234, 334, 434) and the deflector (261, 356, 461) can be at the final metallization step of the process.
When using micro-resonant structures, a resonant structure may be turned on or off (e.g., when a display element is turned on or off in response to a changing image or when a , communications switch is turned on or off to send data different data bits). Rather than turning the charged particle beam on and off, the beam may be moved to a position that does not excite the resonant structure, thereby turning off the resonant structure without having to turn off the charged particle beam. In one such embodiment, at least one deflector is placed between a source of charged particles and the resonant structure^) to be excited. When the resonant structure is to be turned on (i.e., excited), the at least one deflector allows the beam to pass by undefÊected. When the resonant structure is to be turned off, the at least one deflector deflects the beam away from the resonant structure by an amount sufficient to prevent the resonant structure from becoming excited.
H01J 25/10 - Klystrons, c. à d. tubes à au moins deux résonateurs, sans réflexion du faisceau électronique, et dont le faisceau est modulé principalement dans sa vitesse dans la zone du résonateur d'entrée
G21K 1/08 - Déviation, concentration ou focalisation du faisceau par des moyens électriques ou magnétiques
43.
SWITCHING MICRO-RESONANT STRUCTURES USING AT LEAST ONE DIRECTOR
When using micro-resonant structures, it is possible to use the same source of charged particles (140) to cause multiple resonant structures (110) to emit electromagnetic radiation. This reduces the number of sources that are required for multi- element configurations, such as displays with plural rows (or columns) of pixels. In one such embodiment, at least one deflector is placed in between first and second resonant structures. After the beam (130) passes by at least a portion of the first resonant structure, it is directed to a path such that it can be directed towards the second resonant structure. The amount of deflection needed to direct the beam toward the second resonant structure is based on the amount of deflection, if any, that the beam underwent as it passed by the first resonant structure.
We describe an ultra-small resonant structure that produces electromagnetic radiation (e.g., visible light) at selected frequencies. The resonant structure can be produced from any conducting material (e.g., metal such as silver or gold). In one example, a number of rows of posts are etched or plated on a substrate, with each row having a particular geometry associated with the posts and cavities between the posts. A charged particle beam is selectively directed close by one of the rows of posts, causing them to resonate and produce radiation (e.g., in the visible spectrum at a predominant frequency). Directing the charged particle beam at a different row yields radiation at a different predominant frequency.
A display of wavelength elements can be produced from resonant structures that emit light (arid other electromagnetic radiation having a dominant frequency higher/than that of microwave) when exposed to a beam of charged particles, such as electrons from an electron beam. An exemplary display with three wavelengths per pixel utilizes three resonant structures per pixel. The spacings and lengths of the fingers of the resonant structures control the light emitted from the wavelength elements. Alternatively, multiple resonant structures per wavelength can be used as well.
A device couples energy from an electromagnetic wave to charged particles in a beam. The device includes a micro-resonant structure and a cathode for providing electrons along a path. The micro-resonant structure, on receiving the electromagnetic wave, generates a varying field in a space including a portion of the path. Electrons are deflected or angularly modulated to a second path.
A method and apparatus for modulating a beam of charged particles is described in which a beam of charged particles is produced by a particle source and a varying electric field is induced within an ultra-small resonant structure. The beam of charged particles is modulated by the interaction of the varying electric field with the beam of charged particles.
A diamond field emission tip and methods of forming such diamond field emission tips, for use with cathodes that will act as a source of and emit beams of charged particles.
We describe an ultra-small structure that produces visible light of varying frequency, from a single metallic layer. In one example, a row of metallic posts are etched or plated on a substrate according to a particular geometry. When a charged particle beam passed close by the row of posts, the posts and cavities between them cooperate to resonate and produce radiation in the visible spectrum (or even higher). A plurality of such rows of different geometries can be etched or plated from a single metal layer such that the charged particle beam will yield different visible light frequencies (i.e., different colors) using different ones of the rows.
A coupled nano-resonating structure includes a plurality of a nano-resonating substructures constructed and adapted to couple energy from a beam of charged particles into said nano-resonating structure and to transmit the coupled energy outside said nano-resonating structure. The nano-resonant substructures may have various shapes and may include parallel rows of structures. The rows may be symmetric or asymmetric, tilted, and / or staggered.
We describe a process to produce ultra-small structures of between ones of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers in size, in which the structures are compact, nonporous and exhibit smooth vertical surfaces. Such processing is accomplished with pulsed electroplating techniques using ultra-short pulses in a controlled and predictable manner.
brevets