Abrégé

A catalytic distillation process, which when operated under vacuum conditions, makes possible the facilitation of peroxyacid chemistry under intrinsically safe conditions with superior efficiency compared to conventional technology. In particular, the process can be used for the production of performic acid (PFA) created from the chemical reaction of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide, while contacting one or more kinds of heterogeneous catalysts, immobilized in one or more regions of the reactor (i.e. within reaction zones within the column). Aqueous hydrogen peroxide and formic acid feed streams are directed to the catalytic distillation column. The products are separated from the reactants in situ from the distillation action within the column The process is made efficient by utilizing moisture tolerant catalyst materials which facilitate the chemical conversion of the reactants operating at or near stoichiometric amount and by operating the catalytic distillation reactor at or near 100% conversion and at an optimal reflux ratio which prevents the accumulation of water in the system while maximizing external mass transfer rates, catalyst wetting efficiency and energy efficiency.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07C 407/00 - Préparation de composés peroxy
• B01D 3/00 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction
• C07C 409/24 - Composés peroxy le groupe —O—O— étant lié à un groupe C=O et à un atome d'hydrogène, c.-à-d. peroxyacides

Abrégé

A thick film high temperature thermoplastic insulated resistive heating element including one or more base dielectric layers screen printed on a metal substrate having a composition one or more melt-flowable thermoplastic polymers, inorganic filler particles, a transition dielectric layer on top of the uppermost based dielectric layer containing inorganic additives in addition to one or more melt-flowable thermoplastic polymers and inorganic filler particles. A heater layer is coated on top of the top dielectric layer where the topmost dielectric layer acts as a transition layer between the uppermost dielectric to protect the adjacent resistor layer from the development of hot spots and cracking arising from the propagation of microcracks due to, amongst other things, residual stresses transmitted to the resistive layer from the sub-layers due to the thermal history of the resistive heater and substrate. The topmost transition dielectric layer is comprised of a ternary or higher mixture of the thermoplastic material such as, but not limited to, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the inorganic filler such as alumina and other additives such as aluminum nitride.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05B 3/20 - Éléments chauffants ayant une surface s'étendant essentiellement dans deux dimensions, p. ex. plaques chauffantes
• B41F 15/00 - Machines de sérigraphie
• H05B 3/10 - Éléments chauffants caractérisés par la composition ou la nature des matériaux ou par la disposition du conducteur

Abrégé

A method for producing a thermoplastic film-substrate resistive thick film heating element is described, involving the melt bonding of an electrically insulating, optionally filled high temperature thermoplastic film to a substrate. This thick film heating element includes an optionally filled high temperature thermoplastic film-substrate onto which is deposited at least a resistive thick film, and is capable of operating over a wide range of power densities for consumer and industrial heating element applications.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05B 3/26 - Éléments chauffants ayant une surface s'étendant essentiellement dans deux dimensions, p. ex. plaques chauffantes non flexibles le conducteur chauffant monté sur une base isolante
• B32B 37/04 - Procédés ou dispositifs pour la stratification, p. ex. par polymérisation ou par liaison à l'aide d'ultrasons caractérisés par la fusion partielle d'au moins une couche

Produits et services

Heating elements for use as a component by other manufacturers of finished appliances

Produits et services

Heating elements for use as a component by other manufacturers of finished appliances

Abrégé

The present invention provides an integrated thick film heating element on a substrate made from high temperature melt-flowable thermoplastic polymer/powder additive formulations which form an electrically insulating thermoplastic dielectric coating on the substrate, and electrically resistive lead free films and electrically conductive film formulations that are deposited and fired to form an integrated thick film heating element on a substrate at a processing temperature well below 600°C. This thick film heating element is formed on a substrate material coated first with the electrically insulating, filled melt flowable high temperature thermoplastic polymer/powder composite layer on which is deposited the electrically resistive lead free thick film that is capable of operating over a wide range of power densities for consumer and industrial heating element applications, with suitable electrical insulation properties under temperature cycling to for example 250°C.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05B 3/10 - Éléments chauffants caractérisés par la composition ou la nature des matériaux ou par la disposition du conducteur
• C08L 71/10 - Polyéthers dérivés de composés hydroxylés ou de leurs dérivés métalliques de phénols
• C08L 79/08 - PolyimidesPolyester-imidesPolyamide-imidesPolyamide-acides ou précurseurs similaires de polyimides
• C09D 5/25 - Peintures ou laques électriquement isolantes
• H05B 3/20 - Éléments chauffants ayant une surface s'étendant essentiellement dans deux dimensions, p. ex. plaques chauffantes