A firing arrangement for an initiator (1) includes a capacitor (16), an arming arrangement (6, 11, 14) for charging the capacitor (16) on receipt of an arming instruction and a trigger device (13). When a trigger condition is achieved which indicates sufficient charge on the capacitor (16), a trigger signal is automatically generated by the trigger device (13) to trigger discharge of the capacitor (16) through the initiator (1) to activate the initiator (1). The trigger condition may be a predetermined time after receipt of the arming instruction. The trigger condition may also be when the voltage across the capacitor reaches a threshold value.
F42C 11/06 - Fusées électriques à retard déterminé par circuits électriques
F42C 15/42 - Dispositifs d'armement des fuséesDispositifs de sécurité pour empêcher l'explosion prématurée des fusées ou des charges dans lesquels l'action de sécurité ou d'armement s'effectue électriquement par une action à distance, p. ex. pour des mines ou des champs de mines commandés
The present invention relates to an isolation transformer suitable for use in a modulator for generating high voltage pulses for supply across a high voltage load having a thermionic cathode such as a magnetron, the isolation transformer comprising a primary winding formed from a triaxial cable where the triaxial cable comprises a core conductor surrounded by a dielectric insulator, in turn surrounded by a screening conductor, with an outer insulating jacket.
A pulse modulator comprises a solid state power switch (13) having a source, a drain, a gate and a separate gate drive connected to ground. One pulse modulator comprises a plurality of stages connected as an induction adder. Each stage includes a plurality of cells (6) and at least some of the cells each include a solid state power switch (3) having a source, a drain, a gate and a separate gate drive connected to ground to control the discharge of a capacitor (11). In one embodiment the solid state power switch is a power MOSFET.
H03K 17/12 - Modifications pour augmenter le courant commuté maximal admissible
H03K 17/10 - Modifications pour augmenter la tension commutée maximale admissible
H03K 3/57 - Générateurs caractérisés par le type de circuit ou par les moyens utilisés pour produire des impulsions par l'utilisation d'un élément accumulant de l'énergie déchargé dans une charge par un dispositif interrupteur commandé par un signal extérieur et ne comportant pas de réaction positive le dispositif de commutation étant un dispositif à semi-conducteurs
H03K 17/0412 - Modifications pour accélérer la commutation sans réaction du circuit de sortie vers le circuit de commande par des dispositions prises dans le circuit de commande
4.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOTELY DISABLING VEHICLES
A vehicle disabling apparatus for remotely disabling a vehicle having an engine comprises a source (4) of high frequency energy for generating a high frequency signal and a modulator (1) for modulating the high frequency signal by applying an effects signals package. The effects signal package comprises a plurality of respective effects signals and each effects signal comprises a pulse train, the effects signals package being non-vehicle specific. An antenna (6) directs the effects signal package modulated signal at a remote vehicle to disrupt the vehicle engine by affecting the target vehicle engine management system.
B60R 25/045 - Équipements ou systèmes pour empêcher ou signaler l’usage non autorisé ou le vol de véhicules agissant sur des systèmes ou des équipements de véhicules, p. ex. sur les portes, les sièges ou les pare-brises agissant sur le système de propulsion, p. ex. le moteur ou le moteur d’entraînement en limitant ou en coupant l’alimentation électrique du système de propulsion
A high frequency energy generator system (1) comprises: a plurality of high frequency energy generator heads (3) to (8), each head including a respective magnetron; a common drive unit (2) for producing power for the plurality of magnetrons; and a connector arrangement (9) connecting each of the plurality of heads (3) to (8) to the common drive unit (2) to supply power to the magnetrons, at least one of the heads being located remote from the common drive unit (2).
A detector for determining the location of a pulsed laser spot reflected from a scene, which comprises a CCD sensor for imaging the scene comprising an array of pixels arranged in rows (R1, R2, R3) and columns (C1, C2, C3), a serial read-out register arrangement (not shown), and charge transfer electrodes (Ø1H, Ø1V, Ø2) capable of transferring signal charge in at least two adjacent pixels to read-out register arrangement locations representative of the row location of at least one of the adjacent pixels and the column location of at least one other of the adjacent pixels. The charge transfer electrodes are two phase, but three or more phase arrangements are also possible.
H04N 5/372 - Capteurs à dispositif à couplage de charge [CCD]; Registres d'intégration à temps de retard [TDI] ou registres à décalage spécialement adaptés au capteur SSIS
A filter (20) for reducing a ripple voltage component of a magnetron power supply comprises a first filter element comprising a first inductor (L1) in series with a power supply circuit for the magnetron (13) and a first capacitor (C1) in parallel with the magnetron; and a second filter element (21) which is resonant substantially at a frequency of the ripple voltage component, the second filter element comprising a second inductor (L2) in series with the first inductor (L1) and a second capacitor (C2) bridging the second inductor (L2).
A method and apparatus (10) for processing feedstock such as vermiculite (34)or oil- contaminated drill cuttings using microwaves is described. The method involves removing ferrous material form the feedstock by magnetic separation (46) before exposing the feedstock to microwaves. This reduces arcing in the microwave cavity.
B07B 15/00 - Combinaisons d'appareils à séparer les solides par voie sèche, applicables aux matériaux en vrac, p. ex. aux objets manipulés en vrac
B09C 1/06 - Régénération de sols pollués par des procédés thermiques
B01J 19/12 - Procédés utilisant l'application directe de l'énergie ondulatoire ou électrique, ou un rayonnement particulaireAppareils à cet usage utilisant des radiations électromagnétiques
Drive circuit and method for a gated semiconductor switching device A drive circuit and method for a gated semiconductor switching device (10) comprising providing coupling such as a mutual inductance between a gate drive circuit (21) for the device and a drain to source current supply circuit (22) for the device in order to change a gate voltage provided by the gate drive circuit dependent on a rate of change of a current in the drain to source current supply circuit. The change in gate voltage has a magnitude and phase arranged to increase or decrease a switching speed of the gated semiconductor switching device.
H03K 17/0424 - Modifications pour accélérer la commutation par réaction du circuit de sortie vers le circuit de commande par l'utilisation d'un transformateur
H03K 17/16 - Modifications pour éliminer les tensions ou courants parasites
10.
TRANSFORMER FOR AN INVERTER SYSTEM AND AN INVERTER SYSTEM COMPRISING THE TRANSFORMER
A transformer comprises a primary winding 231; a secondary winding 233; a first electrostatic screen 234 located between the primary winding and the secondary winding and most proximate to the primary winding means; and a second electrostatic screen 235 located between the primary winding and the secondary winding means and most proximate to the secondary winding means. The first electrostatic screen is electrically connectable to a power supply electrically connectable to the primary winding and the second electrostatic screen is electrically connectable to a load electrically connectable to the secondary winding. The invention also includes an inverter system including the transformer.
H01F 27/36 - Blindages ou écrans électriques ou magnétiques
H01F 27/42 - Circuits spécialement adaptés à la modification ou la compensation des caractéristiques électriques des transformateurs, réactances ou bobines d'arrêt
A low-pass filter (17) is provided for a heater supply of a magnetron (11) for filtering stray radiation (23) emitted by the magnetron from being emitted by the heater supply means. The filter is arranged for attachment to an exterior face of a wall of an electrically conducting screened chamber (16) encasing the magnetron (11) and an associated isolation transformer (4) electrically connected to terminals (12) of the magnetron. An output connection (3, 4) of the filter (17) passes directly through an interface between the electrically conducting screened chamber (16) and the filter (17) to connect electrically, directly or indirectly, with the isolation (10) transformer (14). There are therefore no electrical leads outside the screened chamber (16) electrically connecting the filter (17) to the isolation transformer (14).
H01J 23/15 - Moyens pour empêcher la déperdition d'énergie ondulatoire structurellement associés avec les dispositifs de traversée du tube, p. ex. filtres, bobines d'arrêt, dispositifs attenuateurs
An inductive filter 10 for a magnetron power supply lead 20 comprises an electrically insulating tube 105; a power lead 22, 23 located partially within the electrically insulating tube, and substantially coaxial therewith, for supplying power from a magnetron power supply to a magnetron; a first core 101 of a first magnetic material and a second core 102 of a second magnetic material coaxially located on the electrically insulating tube means; an insulating disc 104 of substantially a same external diameter as the first core and the second core and coaxially located on the electrically insulating tube between the first core and the second core. The inductive filter is arranged substantially to filter noise of a first predetermined frequency band and noise of a second predetermined frequency band different from the first predetermined frequency band from being transmitted along the power lead means and to absorb a predetermined transient voltage from being transmitted along the power lead means which would otherwise damage at least one of the first core means and the second core means. In an embodiment a third core 103 of a third magnetic material is coaxially mounted on the insulating tube so that the first core filters the first frequency band; the second core filters the second frequency band; and the third core prevents the predetermined transient voltage damaging the first and second cores.
H01J 23/15 - Moyens pour empêcher la déperdition d'énergie ondulatoire structurellement associés avec les dispositifs de traversée du tube, p. ex. filtres, bobines d'arrêt, dispositifs attenuateurs
H01F 17/06 - Inductances fixes du type pour signaux avec noyau magnétique avec noyau refermé sur lui-même, p. ex. tore
A magnetron has an anode body (1) and including a ceramic sleeve (7). In higher power generators, stray radiation is emitted from this sleeve in addition to the main power launched from the antenna into the waveguide (2), and RF absorbing material is provided. Such absorbers, however, tend to be frequency-selective, and can overheat. According to the invention, a non-metallic jacket (13) containing a dielectric liquid such as water surrounds the sleeve. This provides absorption over a broad band of frequencies, and it is easy to make the jacket have a sufficiently high thermal capacity, for example, by arranging a flow of liquid through it.
An interconnection for connecting a switched mode inverter to a load, the interconnection comprising: a plurality of insulated conductors (311-313, 321-323); sleeving means (351) sleeving the insulated conductors together; and at least one lossy toroidal inductor core (352) concentric with and partially surrounding the sleeving means to hold the plurality of insulated conductors together; wherein the at least one lossy toroidal inductor core (352) is arranged to act as a common mode inductor to minimise current flowing through the interconnection to a stray capacitance of the load. Preferably, high frequency eddy current effects are minimised in the interconnection by a suitable choice of diameters of conductive cores of the plurality of insulated conductors and the spacing between the centres of the conductive cores.
H04B 3/56 - Circuits de couplage, blocage ou dérivation des signaux
H02M 1/44 - Circuits ou dispositions pour corriger les interférences électromagnétiques dans les convertisseurs ou les onduleurs
H02P 29/00 - Dispositions pour la régulation ou la commande des moteurs électriques, adaptées à des moteurs à courant alternatif et à courant continu
H01F 27/255 - Noyaux magnétiques fabriqués à partir de particules
H02M 1/12 - Dispositions de réduction des harmoniques d'une entrée ou d'une sortie en courant alternatif
H04B 3/32 - Réduction de la diaphonie, p. ex. par compensation
H04B 15/02 - Réduction des perturbations parasites dues aux appareils électriques avec des moyens disposés sur ou à proximité de la source de perturbation
A switching arrangement for applying voltage pulses across a load, comprising a plurality of capacitive elements (C1 - C9 ) connected in series, and a first switch arrangement (S) connected to the series connection to apply voltage pulses to the load, and a second switch arrangement (S1, S2) connected to a capacitive element of the series connection, such that one of the capacitive elements (C1) can be switched out of or switched into the series connection, in order to produce voltage pulses of respectively lower or higher levels, without the need to dissipate energy into a resistive load.
H03K 3/53 - Générateurs caractérisés par le type de circuit ou par les moyens utilisés pour produire des impulsions par l'utilisation d'un élément accumulant de l'énergie déchargé dans une charge par un dispositif interrupteur commandé par un signal extérieur et ne comportant pas de réaction positive
A high power electron tube, such as a magnetron, has the disadvantage that, to reduce the chances of the ceramic RF window failing in use, the manufacturing step entails a prolonged ageing period of powering the magnetron at low power on test, in order to drive any absorbed gases out of the RF window. According to the invention, the RF window 6 is internally glazed (8), which makes it possible to avoid the ageing period.
A magnetron has an anode (1) and a cathode indicated generally by the reference numeral (2), in which the cathode includes two parts joined by sleeves (11, 12) of ferrous alloy spaced by a sleeve (13) of insulating material, the ferrous alloy sleeves being adapted to be connected to opposite poles of a power supply (14) for heating the cathode. Typically, a mains isolation transformer has been used for the power supply. In accordance with the invention, a high frequency power supply of smaller bulk is used to heat the cathode, and the ferrous alloy sleeves having a surface coating of conductive material (15).The currents induced by the magnetic field generated by the high frequency currents of the power supply are largely confined to the conductive coating due to the skin effect, avoiding the heating of and losses in the ferrous alloy itself which would otherwise ensue.
An isolation transformer for a cathode heater supply for a microwave source has a first U- shaped secondary winding (421), comprising two parallel leg portions joined at one end thereof by a bridging portion. A primary winding (422) is located around and concentric with a portion the bridging portion. A monitor winding passes through primary core assemblies of the primary winding. Electrical insulation (115) insulates the secondary winding from the primary winding. For a DC cathode heater supply a second U-shaped secondary winding is spaced from and aligned with the first U-shaped secondary winding and first and second smoothing chokes comprising respective core assemblies (1127, 1129) are fitted over connection leads arranged for connecting two ends of the first secondary winding to the cathode heater. Synchronised rectifiers are connected between the secondary windings and the first smoothing choke; and control means are provided for the synchronised rectifiers.
H01J 23/05 - Cathodes ayant une surface émissive cylindrique, p. ex. cathodes pour magnétrons
H01J 25/52 - Magnétrons, c.-à-d. tubes comprenant un système magnétique produisant un champ H qui croise le champ E dont l'espace électronique présente une forme propre à permettre aux électrons de se mouvoir entièrement autour de la cathode ou de l'électrode de guidage
A high frequency cathode heater supply for a microwave source includes a SMPS inverter (13) and an isolation transformer (12) having a primary winding (122) arranged to be powered by the SMPS inverter, a monitor winding (123) passing through primary core assemblies of the primary winding and a secondary winding (121) arranged for connection to the cathode heater (11). A current monitor (141) is arranged to monitor a current in the primary windings. Signal processing modules (14, 131, 132) are arranged to receive a first input signal from the monitor winding (123) indicative of a voltage Vh across the cathode heater (11) and a second input signal from the current monitor (141) indicative of a current through the cathode heater. The signal processing modules are arranged to output a control signal to the SMPS inverter to control power supplied to the cathode heater dependent on a monitored resistance of,or monitored power supplied to, the cathode heater as determined from the first input signal and the second input signal.
H01J 23/05 - Cathodes ayant une surface émissive cylindrique, p. ex. cathodes pour magnétrons
H01J 25/52 - Magnétrons, c.-à-d. tubes comprenant un système magnétique produisant un champ H qui croise le champ E dont l'espace électronique présente une forme propre à permettre aux électrons de se mouvoir entièrement autour de la cathode ou de l'électrode de guidage
A detector for determining the location of a laser spot reflected from a scene, comprising a first sensor (image area 1), such as a CCD full frame sensor, arranged to image the scene, having pixels arranged in rows and columns, and means (2) to read-out the data, a second sensor (image area 5), such as a full-frame CCD sensor, arranged to image the scene, having pixels arranged in rows and columns, and means (6) to read-out the data, wherein the columns of the first and second sensors extend at different, preferably orthogonal, orientations relative to the imaged scene, and at least one of the sensors is continuously clocked, providing an accurate column- wise position of the spot and temporal spacing of successive spots, while the other sensor, imaging the spot relative to a differently-oriented column, provides an accurate positioning along the column of the continuously clocked sensor
A microwave oven for processing a stream of material comprises a cavity (1), an input port (2) for introducing microwave radiation into the cavity,a tube (3) or feeding the stream of material through the cavity. In accordance with the invention, material (4) having a dielectric constant greater than unity is positioned in the region between the exterior of the tube and the interior of the cavity. This enables the same mode patterns to be supported but with a reduced size, enabling an increased power density to be attained with a given power input.
A back- illuminated CCD sensor comprises a substrate of one polarity type, buried charge transfer channels (102) of the opposite polarity type, control electrodes (100) fabricated on the front face of the sensor for transporting charge along the channels, the bias on a first bias connection on a channel stop region (113) of the first polarity type surrounding the sensor area and the bias of the control electrodes being such that the channels are surface pinned. While this would normally result in only a shallow depletion layer under the buried channels and hence poor spatial resolution, the invention provides a guard diode ring (115) surrounding the channel stop region, the guard diode region being of the same polarity type as the channels, and the depletion region under the guard diode ring spreading to meet the depletion region beneath the buried channels (102), thereby enabling the front surface bias (114) and rear surface bias (111) to be maintained at different potentials, thus permitting the depletion region associated with the channels to be adjusted to a desired depth.
This invention concerns a method and apparatus for treating material with electromagnetic radiation. The method comprises providing a barrier between the material and an electromagnetic radiation generator arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation and operating the generator to expose the material to electromagnetic radiation. The barrier is arranged to prevent arcs, formed as a result of exposing the material to electromagnetic radiation, from passing through the barrier to the electromagnetic radiation generator. The method and apparatus are particularly suitable for the continuous treatment of granular material such as mined mineral material.
C22B 1/00 - Traitement préliminaire de minerais ou de débris ou déchets métalliques
C22B 4/00 - Traitement électrothermique des minerais ou des produits métallurgiques pour obtenir des métaux ou des alliages
B01J 19/12 - Procédés utilisant l'application directe de l'énergie ondulatoire ou électrique, ou un rayonnement particulaireAppareils à cet usage utilisant des radiations électromagnétiques
B02C 19/18 - Utilisation d'effets physiques auxiliaires aidant la désagrégation, p. ex. ultrasons, irradiation
A transformer (200) comprises a secondary winding including a plurality of coaxially arranged toroidal closed magnetic circuits (42) connected in series within an enclosure (47) and a primary winding (23) comprising a plurality of turns including electrically conducting members (301-306) passing axially through the toroidalclosed magnetic circuits, respective ones of the plurality of electrically conducting members being electrically connected byrespective electrically conducting strip lines (321-326) passing along walls of the enclosure to form the continuous primary winding (23).
An apparatus and method for comminution of ore material includes a radio frequency multi-input, multimode processing resonant cavity arranged for radio frequency electromagnetic irradiation of a stream of ore material passing therethrough. A multi- input measurement resonant cavity, located upstream of the processing resonant cavity may be provided to determine an impedance of ore material to be irradiated in the processing resonant cavity. The radio frequency electrical field generated in the processing resonant cavity is matched to the determined impedance.
An apparatus for applying electromagnetic energy to a dielectric fluid includes a chamber (20) to contain the dielectric fluid. A at least three parallel or coaxial electrode plates (401-409) is arranged within the chamber to apply substantially equal electromagnetic energy per unit volume of the dielectric fluid between neighbouring ones of the at least three electrode plates. Electrical conductors (416, 426) are electrically connected to electrode plates to apply a radio frequency electric field between neighbouring ones of the at least three electrode plates. In a first embodiment the electrode share connected in series and in an alternative embodiment the electrodes are connected in parallel.
An apparatus for applying RF electromagnetic energy to a pressurised dielectric fluid comprisesa dielectric chamber (20) through whichthe dielectric fluidflows. A resonant cavity (30) surrounds at least a portion of the dielectric chamber for the application of electromagneticenergy to the dielectric fluid. The resonant cavity means ispressurised to a pressure substantially equal to that of the pressurised fluid such that there is substantially no pressure differential across a dielectric wall separating an inside of the dielectric chamber means from an outside of the dielectric chamber means within the resonant cavity means.
Power Supply for Radio Frequency Heating Apparatus An RF generator power supply comprises a first switched mode power supply (SMPS) connected in series to a second SMPS bya DC bus. A capacitor is arranged between the outputs of the first SMPS and inputs of the second SMPS to act as a smoothing capacitor for the first SMPS and to supply pulse energy to the second SMPS. The second SMPS has an output connected toan input of a step-up transformer and an output of the step-up transformer is connected to an input of a rectifier connectable to the RF generator. An input ofthe first SMPS is connectable to aprime power supply tomaintain a high power factor withlow harmonic content while setting anoperating voltage and peak current levelfor the RF generator. The second SMPSis arranged to feed thestep-up transformer and is arranged to operatewith a variable duty cycle and/or variable frequency to provideaverage power controlofthe RF generator. The second SMPS is rapidly switched off on detection of a power surge throughthe RF generator.
Reflective means comprising substrates (11b, 11c), selectively reflects electromagnetic radiation whose frequency lies between 3 x 109 Hz and 1013 Hz, and includes, for example, a layer of high resistivity silicon, on which the radiation (12) is arranged to be incident, and means for selectively generating charge carriers in the layer to reflect the radiation, for example, by illuminating a face of the substrate with electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength lies between 5μm and lOOnm in order to generate the charge carriers. The reflective means may form part of an imaging device in which a scene to be imaged is illuminated by radiation which passes through the reflective means in a coaxial arrangement, the reflected radiation being received by the reflective element while the reflective region is scanned over its entire surface, to produce a stream of radiation reflected from the scene which can be detected and used to drive a display. Noise produced by reflection from areas of the reflective means other than the scanned spot may be reduced by crossed polarisers, and the substrates may be grooved to form the polarisers, as well as to simplify the scanning arrangement. Other applications are for chemical signature detection.
A transformer (101) comprises a primary winding (11) having a first plurality of magnetic circuits (111) each with a second plurality of turns and electrically connected in parallel and a secondary winding (12) comprising a third plurality of magnetic circuits (121) each with a fourth plurality of turns and electrically connected in series. The primary winding (11) is electromagnetically coupled to the secondary winding (12) by a single turn electrically conductive loop (13).
H01F 38/00 - Adaptations de transformateurs ou d'inductances à des applications ou des fonctions spécifiques
H01F 30/06 - Transformateurs fixes non couverts par le groupe caractérisés par la structure
H02M 7/19 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type thyratron ou thyristor exigeant des moyens d'extinction utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs agencés pour la marche en série, p. ex. pour la multiplication de la tension
H02M 7/493 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande les convertisseurs statiques étant agencés pour le fonctionnement en parallèle
H01F 27/40 - Association structurelle de composants électriques incorporés, p. ex. fusibles
An imaging apparatus for x-rays includes a scintillator, overlying an array (100) of imaging pixels on a substrate, and at least one trigger pixel array (20) externally peripheral to the array of imaging pixels on the substrate such that the trigger pixel array is not substantially overshadowed by the scintillator from incident x-ray radiation. A layer substantially impervious to light but transparent to x-rays overlays the trigger pixel array, such that the trigger pixels are unresponsive to light but triggered by direct hits from incident x-ray photons.
An antenna structure of, for example, a vehicle intruder alarm comprises a first and third patch antennas (409, 509) having respective feeds (412, 512) by means of which the patch antennas can be selectively driven, and a second patch antenna (414) not having a feed and parasitically coupled to each of the first and third patch antennas, whereby is generated the beam H or the beam I inclined to the plane of the patch antennas. The beams can be generated alternately without complex switching arrangements.
H01Q 3/24 - Dispositifs pour changer ou faire varier l'orientation ou la forme du diagramme de directivité des ondes rayonnées par une antenne ou un système d'antenne faisant varier l'orientation, par commutation de l'énergie fournie, d'un élément actif rayonnant à un autre, p. ex. pour commutation du lobe
H01Q 19/22 - Combinaisons d'éléments actifs primaires d'antennes avec des dispositifs secondaires, p. ex. avec des dispositifs quasi optiques, pour donner à une antenne une caractéristique directionnelle désirée utilisant un dispositif secondaire constitué par un seul élément conducteur sensiblement rectiligne
H01Q 19/28 - Combinaisons d'éléments actifs primaires d'antennes avec des dispositifs secondaires, p. ex. avec des dispositifs quasi optiques, pour donner à une antenne une caractéristique directionnelle désirée utilisant un dispositif secondaire constitué par plusieurs éléments conducteurs sensiblement rectilignes
H01Q 25/00 - Antennes ou systèmes d'antennes fournissant au moins deux diagrammes de rayonnement
brevets