Abrégé

An imaging method for determining a parameter δ of real and imaginary parts of a sample complex optical index; the method using an X-ray source to illuminate the sample, a perforated grating arranged between the sample and the detector, and a signal processing unit; the method performing measurement while illuminating the sample, the X-rays reaching the detector forming a spot for each grating hole; for each measurement and for each grating hole, analysing the grating spot by determining a spot barycenter using a centroid-finding technique, determining an offset of the barycenter relative to a reference barycenter and determining a local phase variation via the offset of the barycenter, determining an amplitude of the X-rays forming the spot and determining a local attenuation relative to a reference amplitude, determining the parameter δ on the basis of the local phase variation, and determining the imaginary part β via the local attenuation.

Classes IPC  ?

• G01N 23/041 - Imagerie en contraste de phase, p. ex. en utilisant des interféromètres à réseau
• G01N 23/046 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en transmettant la radiation à travers le matériau et formant des images des matériaux en utilisant la tomographie, p. ex. la tomographie informatisée

Abrégé

A method for generating isolated ultra-short electromagnetic pulses, includes the following steps: directing onto a surface of a target in the condensed state a first laser pulse at an oblique angle of incidence and with p-polarization, the first laser pulse having a normalized peak amplitude greater than or equal to 1, whereby a plasma mirror oscillating at relativistic velocity is generated on the surface of the target; and directing onto the surface of the target, in correspondence with the plasma mirror, a second laser pulse of duration shorter than or equal to the optical period of the first pulse, the second laser pulse being spatially and temporally superposed with the first laser pulse; whereby the second laser pulse, reflected by the plasma mirror, undergoes a shift of its wavelength and a modification of its duration.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05G 2/00 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la production de rayons X, n'utilisant pas de tubes à rayons X, p. ex. utilisant la génération d'un plasma

Abrégé

A plenoptic imaging device for forming an image of the light field of an object, includes a sample holder suitable for holding the object; a main optical assembly, arranged to focus rays of the light field of the object, at a distance z0, referred to as the object distance, from the sample holder, which distance is smaller than an object focal distance f1 from the main optical assembly so as to form an intermediate optical image (Iv) of the object in an intermediate image plane at a distance z1 from the optical assembly; an assembly for sampling the light field, which assembly is suitable for acquiring spatiodirectional information on the rays forming the virtual image and for forming the image of the light field.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04N 23/957 - Caméras ou modules de caméras à champ lumineux ou plénoptiques
• H04N 23/30 - Caméras ou modules de caméras comprenant des capteurs d'images électroniquesLeur commande pour générer des signaux d'image à partir de rayons X
• H04N 23/55 - Pièces optiques spécialement adaptées aux capteurs d'images électroniquesLeur montage
• H04N 23/67 - Commande de la mise au point basée sur les signaux électroniques du capteur d'image

Abrégé

The invention relates to an activation tool (3) comprising in particular: a coupling device (17) interposed between a first shaft (9) and a second shaft (15), which is configured to couple the first shaft (9) and the second shaft (15) in a first mode, referred to as the activation mode, when the first shaft (9) and the second shaft (15) exhibit the same rotational speed, and is configured to angularly decouple the first shaft (9) and the second shaft (15) in a second mode, referred to as the failure mode, when a rotational speed of the second shaft (15) is higher than the rotational speed of the first shaft (9), means (19) for detecting the switch from the first mode to the second mode. The invention relates to an activation tool (3) comprising in particular: a coupling device (17) interposed between a first shaft (9) and a second shaft (15), which is configured to couple the first shaft (9) and the second shaft (15) in a first mode, referred to as the activation mode, when the first shaft (9) and the second shaft (15) exhibit the same rotational speed, and is configured to angularly decouple the first shaft (9) and the second shaft (15) in a second mode, referred to as the failure mode, when a rotational speed of the second shaft (15) is higher than the rotational speed of the first shaft (9), means (19) for detecting the switch from the first mode to the second mode. The invention also relates to a distraction assembly (1) having an activation tool (3) of the above-mentioned type, and a plate distractor (5).

Classes IPC  ?

• A61B 17/66 - Mécanismes de compression ou de traction
• A61B 17/04 - Instruments, dispositifs ou procédés chirurgicaux pour refermer les plaies ou les maintenir ferméesAccessoires utilisés en liaison avec ces opérations pour la suture des plaiesSupports ou emballages pour aiguilles ou matériaux de suture
• A61B 17/68 - Dispositifs de fixation interne

Abrégé

A method for producing energetic electron beams using a laser-plasma accelerator including a laser and a device for producing a gas cloud in a vacuum chamber, the method including a step of generating a laser pulse which is focused into the gas cloud to create a plasma. The step of generating a laser pulse includes at least the generation of a laser pulse-train with a delay between two successive laser pulses of between three times and thirty times the plasma period TP, such that: TP=λp/c, λp being the plasma wavelength defined by: λp=(2π/C)*(n e2/(m ε0))−½, where c is the speed of light, n is the electron density of the plasma in cm3, e=1.6e−19 C is the charge of an electron, m=9.1e−31 kg is the mass of an electron, and ε0=8.85×10−12 m−3 kg−1 s4 A2 is the permittivity of vacuum.

Classes IPC  ?

• H01H 1/54 - Moyens pour accroître la pression de contact, empêcher la vibration des contacts, maintenir ensemble les contacts après l'entrée en contact, ou pour ramener les contacts à la position d'ouverture par force magnétique
• H01H 15/00 - Interrupteurs ayant un organe moteur à mouvement rectiligne ou des organes adaptés pour actions en directions opposées, p. ex. interrupteur à curseur
• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, c.-à-d. dispositifs utilisant l'émission stimulée de rayonnement électromagnétique dans la gamme de l’infrarouge, du visible ou de l’ultraviolet

Abrégé

The invention relates to a plenoptic imaging system for acquiring an image of an object, this system comprising: - a source for generating an X-ray beam towards the object, - a main optical device for receiving and reflecting the beam coming from the object, - a matrix of lenses or holes, - an array of photodetectors, each receiving an X-ray beam coming from a lens or a hole. According to the invention, the main optical device comprises at least one curved crystal.

Classes IPC  ?

• G01N 23/04 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en transmettant la radiation à travers le matériau et formant des images des matériaux

Abrégé

122 is an aliphatic chain containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms selected among one of the followings: an alkyl chain, an alkenyl chain, an alkynyl chain, eventually containing at least one of the following atoms or groups: O; N; S; -CO-; -CO-O-; -CO- N-; -CO-S-; carbonate; carbamate; urea; phosphate; phosphonate; sulfoxide; sulfone; cycloalkyl; aryl and heteroaryl; the cycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl being eventually substituted by one of the following: alkyl; hydroxy; hydroxyalkyl; alkyloxy; halogen; cyano; -SH; nitro; thioalkyl and alkylthio.

Classes IPC  ?

• C08G 69/42 - Polyamides contenant des atomes autres que le carbone, l'hydrogène, l'oxygène et l'azote
• C07D 333/32 - Atomes d'oxygène
• C07D 409/06 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant plusieurs hétérocycles, au moins un cycle comportant des atomes de soufre comme uniques hétéro-atomes du cycle contenant deux hétérocycles liés par une chaîne carbonée contenant uniquement des atomes de carbone aliphatiques

Abrégé

The invention relates to a method for accelerating electrons using laser-plasma interaction, wherein at least one laser pulse is directed onto a surface (SS) of a target in the condensed state (CS), the surface being covered with a layer of gas (CG), the intensity of the at least one pulse being enough to: - in a step A, generate, from the target in the condensed state, a dense plasma; - in a step B, after being reflected by the dense plasma, generate a wake in the gas layer; - in a step C, heat the electrons of the dense plasma to an energy such that a packet of the electrons is injected into the wake so as to be accelerated therein, the pulse, or at least the pulse that is intended to be reflected by the dense plasma and heat the electrons thereof, being at an s-polarised oblique incidence relative to the target.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05H 15/00 - Méthodes ou dispositifs pour accélérer des particules chargées non prévus ailleurs

Abrégé

Process for the preparation of a TiO2 photocatalyst/biomass carrier, with TiO2/MxOy nanocrystals, of at least nanometric size and photocatalysis-active at least in visible light, consisting of the following steps: a) preparation and heating of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid with a given pH, between 0 and 6, and at a temperature between 20° C. and 60° C., with no surfactant, b) addition to the acidic aqueous solution of the titanium oxide precursor, or the mixture of a TiO2 titanium oxide precursor and at least one other precursor of another MxOy oxide, consisting, 80% to 100%, of TiO2 moles and 0% to 20% of moles of another metal or semi-metal MxOy oxide, a precipitate then forming, and stirring of the acidic aqueous reaction medium obtained, so as to dissolve the precipitate; c) an immersing step of the carrier in the acidic aqueous reaction medium, d) a heating step of the acidic aqueous reaction medium, the carrier for crystallizing the titanium oxide precursors, or the mixture of the titanium oxide precursor and at least one other precursor of the other metal or semi-metal oxide, e) a possible water rinse step and a biomass carrier recovery step with TiO2/MxOy nanocrystals, bound by covalent bonds to the biomass carrier.

Classes IPC  ?

• B01J 21/06 - Silicium, titane, zirconium ou hafniumLeurs oxydes ou hydroxydes
• B01J 23/30 - Tungstène
• B01J 35/00 - Catalyseurs caractérisés par leur forme ou leurs propriétés physiques, en général
• B01J 37/04 - Mélange
• B01J 37/03 - PrécipitationCo-précipitation
• C01B 3/02 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène

Abrégé

"The present invention relates to the field of the synthesis of chemical compounds comprising a dihydrobenzoxepine structure. In particular, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of chemical compounds comprising a 2.5-dihydro-1-benzoxepine structure by photochemical rearrangement from chemical compounds comprising a chromene structure."

Classes IPC  ?

• C07D 313/08 - Cycles à sept chaînons condensés avec des carbocycles ou avec des systèmes carbocycliques condensés avec un cycle à six chaînons

Abrégé

The present invention relates to the field of the synthesis of chemical compounds having a dihydrobenzoxepine structure. In particular, the invention relates to a process for preparing chemical compounds comprising a 2,5-dihydro-1-benzoxepine structure by photochemical rearrangement from chemical compounds having a chromene structure.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07D 313/08 - Cycles à sept chaînons condensés avec des carbocycles ou avec des systèmes carbocycliques condensés avec un cycle à six chaînons
• C07B 37/00 - Réactions sans formation ni introduction de groupes fonctionnels contenant des hétéro-atomes, impliquant soit la formation d'une liaison carbone-carbone entre deux atomes de carbone qui ne sont pas déjà directement liés, soit la séparation de deux atomes de carbone directement liés

Abrégé

The present invention is applicable to the field of herbicides useful for controlling the proliferation of undesired plants. In particular, the invention relates to the use of at least one compound derived from chromene or chromane as a herbicidal agent, to a phytotoxic composition comprising said compound, as well as to a method for treating and/or controlling plants using such a compound.

Classes IPC  ?

• A01N 43/16 - Biocides, produits repoussant ou attirant les animaux nuisibles, ou régulateurs de croissance des végétaux, contenant des composés hétérocycliques comportant des cycles avec un ou plusieurs atomes d'oxygène ou de soufre comme uniques hétéro-atomes du cycle avec un hétéro-atome des cycles à six chaînons avec l'oxygène comme hétéro-atome du cycle
• A01P 13/00 - HerbicidesAlgicides

Abrégé

"The present invention relates to the field of herbicides that are helpful in fighting the spread of unwanted plants. In particular, the invention relates to use of at least one chromene or chromane derivative as a herbicide agent in a phytotoxic composition comprising said derivative, as well as a process for treating and/or controlling plants using such a derivative."

Classes IPC  ?

• A01N 43/16 - Biocides, produits repoussant ou attirant les animaux nuisibles, ou régulateurs de croissance des végétaux, contenant des composés hétérocycliques comportant des cycles avec un ou plusieurs atomes d'oxygène ou de soufre comme uniques hétéro-atomes du cycle avec un hétéro-atome des cycles à six chaînons avec l'oxygène comme hétéro-atome du cycle

Abrégé

22) shorter than or equal to the optical period (T1) of the first pulse, the second laser pulse being spatially and temporally superimposed onto the first laser pulse; which method results in the second laser pulse, reflected by the plasma mirror, experiencing a shift in its wavelength and a modification of its duration.

Classes IPC  ?

• G02F 1/35 - Optique non linéaire

Abrégé

The invention relates to a phase-contrast imaging method for estimating the local stoichiometry of a sample by determining a parameter δ of a real part and an imaginary part β of a complex optical index of the sample; said method being implemented by using an X-ray source to illuminate the sample arranged between the source and a detector, a grating formed of holes arranged between the sample and the detector, and a signal processing unit for processing signals from the detector; the method comprising the following steps: - performing at least one measurement while illuminating the sample, the X-rays reaching the detector forming a spot for each hole of the grating; - for each measurement and for each hole of the grating, independently analysing the spot formed on the grating by determining a barycenter of the spot by using a centroid-finding technique - determining an offset of the barycenter relative to a reference barycenter and subsequently determining a local phase variation on the basis of the offset of the barycenter; - determining an amplitude of the X-rays forming the spot and subsequently determining a local attenuation relative to a reference amplitude; - determining the parameter δ on the basis of the local phase variation; and - determining the imaginary part β on the basis of the local attenuation.

Classes IPC  ?

• G01N 23/041 - Imagerie en contraste de phase, p. ex. en utilisant des interféromètres à réseau
• G01N 23/087 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p. ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en transmettant la radiation à travers le matériau et mesurant l'absorption le rayonnement consistant en rayons X en utilisant des rayons X polyénergétiques

Abrégé

01v11 from said optical assembly; - an assembly for sampling the light field (LFS), which assembly is suitable for acquiring spatio-directional information on the rays forming the virtual image and for forming said image of the light field.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04N 23/957 - Caméras ou modules de caméras à champ lumineux ou plénoptiques
• G02B 27/00 - Systèmes ou appareils optiques non prévus dans aucun des groupes ,

Abrégé

PPpp/c, λp being the plasma wavelength defined by: λp= (2π/C) * (n e200 ))-1/2, where c is the speed of light, n is the electron density of the plasma in cm3em=9.1e-3100 = 8.85 x 10-12m-3kg-1s4A2 is the permittivity of vacuum.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05H 15/00 - Méthodes ou dispositifs pour accélérer des particules chargées non prévus ailleurs

Abrégé

The invention relates to an activation tool (1) for a bone expansion apparatus (3), the bone expansion apparatus (3) being a distraction plate apparatus (3), the activation tool (1) comprising a magnetic element (130) solidly attached to a rotation shaft (120) of the activation tool (1), the magnetic element (130) being configured to interact coaxially with a distant magnetic element (310) borne by the bone expansion apparatus (3), the activation tool (1) being characterised in that it further comprises an electric motor (110) configured to cause the rotation shaft (120) to rotate, and a control module (140) controlling the rotation of the rotation shaft (120). The invention relates to an activation tool (1) for a bone expansion apparatus (3), the bone expansion apparatus (3) being a distraction plate apparatus (3), the activation tool (1) comprising a magnetic element (130) solidly attached to a rotation shaft (120) of the activation tool (1), the magnetic element (130) being configured to interact coaxially with a distant magnetic element (310) borne by the bone expansion apparatus (3), the activation tool (1) being characterised in that it further comprises an electric motor (110) configured to cause the rotation shaft (120) to rotate, and a control module (140) controlling the rotation of the rotation shaft (120). The invention also relates to an assembly of a bone expansion apparatus (3) and of such an activation tool (1), in which the bone expansion apparatus (3) is a distraction plate apparatus (3).

Classes IPC  ?

• A61B 17/66 - Mécanismes de compression ou de traction
• A61B 17/70 - Dispositifs de mise en position ou de stabilisation de la colonne vertébrale, p. ex. stabilisateurs comprenant un liquide de remplissage dans un implant

Abrégé

The invention relates to an activation tool (3) comprising in particular: - a coupling device (17) interposed between a first shaft (9) and a second shaft (15), which is configured to couple the first shaft (9) and the second shaft (15) in a first mode, referred to as the activation mode, when the first shaft (9) and the second shaft (15) exhibit the same rotational speed, and is configured to angularly decouple the first shaft (9) and the second shaft (15) in a second mode, referred to as the failure mode, when a rotational speed of the second shaft (15) is higher than the rotational speed of the first shaft (9), - means (19) for detecting the switch from the first mode to the second mode. The invention also relates to a distraction assembly (1) having an activation tool (3) of the abovementioned type, and a plate distractor (5).

Classes IPC  ?

• A61B 17/66 - Mécanismes de compression ou de traction
• A61B 17/68 - Dispositifs de fixation interne
• A61B 17/00 - Instruments, dispositifs ou procédés chirurgicaux

Abrégé

A method for imaging a structure composed of at least one wave guide connected to a junction, the structure supporting elastic wave guided propagation modes, the method includes the following steps: for at least one operating frequency, acquiring a plurality of measurements of signals propagating in the structure by means of a plurality of pairs of non-colocalized elastic wave sensors, determining a plurality of propagation modes guided by the structure, correcting the measurements on the basis of ultrasound signals measured or simulated for the same structure in the absence of any defect, converting the measurement matrix M into a wave field scattering matrix U, determining, at each point of a sampling grid, a test vector F characteristic of the structure without any defect, applying a numerical inversion method to determine a vector H of modal components such that U.H=F at each point of a sampling grid, determining an image of the structure on the basis of the vector H.

Classes IPC  ?

• G01N 29/06 - Visualisation de l'intérieur, p. ex. microscopie acoustique
• G01N 29/22 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'emploi d'ondes ultrasonores, sonores ou infrasonoresVisualisation de l'intérieur d'objets par transmission d'ondes ultrasonores ou sonores à travers l'objet Détails
• G01N 29/44 - Traitement du signal de réponse détecté

Abrégé

22xy2xy2xy2xyy nanocrystals which are joined by covalent bonds to the biomass carrier.

Classes IPC  ?

• B01J 35/00 - Catalyseurs caractérisés par leur forme ou leurs propriétés physiques, en général
• B01J 21/06 - Silicium, titane, zirconium ou hafniumLeurs oxydes ou hydroxydes
• B01J 37/03 - PrécipitationCo-précipitation
• C02F 1/30 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par irradiation
• C01B 3/22 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par décomposition de composés organiques gazeux ou liquides
• C07C 33/00 - Composés non saturés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques
• B01J 37/34 - Irradiation ou application d'énergie électrique, magnétique ou ondulatoire, p. ex. d'ondes ultrasonores

Abrégé

0 and same optical axis (Z), receiving same beam.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05H 1/54 - Accélérateurs de plasma
• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, c.-à-d. dispositifs utilisant l'émission stimulée de rayonnement électromagnétique dans la gamme de l’infrarouge, du visible ou de l’ultraviolet

Abrégé

The invention relates to an activation tool (1) for a bone expansion apparatus (3), the bone expansion apparatus (3) being a distraction plate apparatus (3), the activation tool (1) comprising a magnetic element (130) solidly attached to a rotation shaft (120) of the activation tool (1), the magnetic element (130) being configured to interact coaxially with a distant magnetic element (310) borne by the bone expansion apparatus (3), the activation tool (1) being characterized in that it further comprises an electric motor (110) configured to cause the rotation shaft (120) to rotate, and a control module (140) controlling the rotation of the rotation shaft (120). The invention also relates to an assembly of a bone expansion apparatus (3) and of such an activation tool (1), in which the bone expansion apparatus (3) is a distraction plate apparatus (3).

Classes IPC  ?

• A61B 17/66 - Mécanismes de compression ou de traction

Abrégé

000 and same optical axis (Z), receiving same beam.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05H 15/00 - Méthodes ou dispositifs pour accélérer des particules chargées non prévus ailleurs

Abrégé

A device for collimation or focusing of a relativistic electron packet, obtained in particular by laser-plasma acceleration, including a gas cloud and a laser capable of emitting a laser pulse focused in the gas cloud in order to create therein a wave of focusing electric and magnetic fields. The invention also relates to a device for emission of a collimated or focused relativistic electron packet. The invention further relates to a collimation or focusing method for a relativistic electron packet, and to methods for emission of a collimated or focused relativistic electron packet.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05H 1/46 - Production du plasma utilisant des champs électromagnétiques appliqués, p. ex. de l'énergie à haute fréquence ou sous forme de micro-ondes
• H01J 23/08 - Dispositifs de focalisation, p. ex. pour produire une concentration du flux d'électrons, pour empêcher son extension
• H05H 15/00 - Méthodes ou dispositifs pour accélérer des particules chargées non prévus ailleurs
• H01J 25/02 - Tubes à faisceau électronique modulé en vitesse ou en densité dans une zone modulatrice et cédant ensuite de l'énergie dans une zone inductrice, les zones étant associées à un ou plusieurs résonateurs

Abrégé

The invention relates to a plate distractor, particularly a maxillofacial plate distractor, comprising a first (12) and a second (14) fixing plate, a threaded pin (24) mounted in a freely rotatable and translatably fixed manner in relation to the first fixing plate (14), a screwed tube (26) fixed to the second fixing plate (12), a permanent magnet (20) extending in a main direction, which is magnetised transversely to the main direction and mounted in the plate distractor (10) such that the rotation of the magnet (20) on itself, about an axis of rotation (D) parallel to the main axis, causes a relative rotation of the threaded pin (24) in relation to the screwed tube (26), the magnet (20) being arranged close to one of the ends of the plate distractor (10).

Classes IPC  ?

• A61B 17/66 - Mécanismes de compression ou de traction
• A61B 17/68 - Dispositifs de fixation interne

Abrégé

The invention relates to a device (10) for collimation or focusing of a relativistic electron packet (12), obtained in particular by laser-plasma acceleration, comprising a gas cloud (14) and a laser capable of emitting a laser pulse (18) focused in the gas cloud (14) in order to create therein a wave of focusing electric and magnetic fields (22). The invention also relates to a device for emission of a collimated or focused relativistic electron packet. The invention further relates to a collimation or focusing method for a relativistic electron packet, and to methods for emission of a collimated or focused relativistic electron packet.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05H 15/00 - Méthodes ou dispositifs pour accélérer des particules chargées non prévus ailleurs

Abrégé

A method for producing electromagnetic radiation comprising: firing a first laser pulse and generating a plasma region, the first laser pulse penetrating at least partially into the plasma region to create a plasma density wake in the plasma region; providing a group of charged particles in the plasma region arranged so as to be accelerated in the plasma density wake of the first laser pulse; reflecting the first laser pulse after the first laser pulse has penetrated into the plasma region, to give a reflected laser pulse; and arranging the reflected laser pulse to interact with the group of charged particles to generate an electromagnetic radiation.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05G 2/00 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la production de rayons X, n'utilisant pas de tubes à rayons X, p. ex. utilisant la génération d'un plasma
• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, c.-à-d. dispositifs utilisant l'émission stimulée de rayonnement électromagnétique dans la gamme de l’infrarouge, du visible ou de l’ultraviolet
• H01S 3/0955 - Procédés ou appareils pour l'excitation, p. ex. pompage utilisant le pompage par des particules de haute énergie

Abrégé

A method for producing electromagnetic radiation comprising : firing a first laser pulse and generating a plasma region, said first laser pulse penetrating at least partially into said plasma region to create a plasma density wake in said plasma region; providing a group of charged particles in the plasma region arranged so as to be accelerated in the plasma density wake of the first laser pulse; reflecting the first laser pulse after said first laser pulse has at least partially penetrated into said plasma region, to give a reflected laser pulse; and arranging said reflected laser pulse to interact with said group of charged particles so as to generate an electromagnetic radiation.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05G 2/00 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la production de rayons X, n'utilisant pas de tubes à rayons X, p. ex. utilisant la génération d'un plasma

Abrégé

The invention relates to a high-voltage electrical switching system including at least: two remote electrodes adjusted so as to have a potential difference; and a laser device for electrically connecting the two electrodes so as to generate an electric arc. Said laser device includes a pulsed laser configured so as to generate, according to a so-called filamenting process, a laser filament electrically connecting the two electrodes.

Classes IPC  ?

• H03K 3/537 - Générateurs caractérisés par le type de circuit ou par les moyens utilisés pour produire des impulsions par l'utilisation d'un élément accumulant de l'énergie déchargé dans une charge par un dispositif interrupteur commandé par un signal extérieur et ne comportant pas de réaction positive le dispositif de commutation étant un éclateur

Abrégé

A device for generating a secondary source from a primary optical source emitting a first optical beam focused onto a surface in movement, with which said first beam interacts so as to generate a secondary beam, includes an optical device for controlling the orientation and position of said surface to determine the orientation and position of the emission point of said secondary source on said surface. The device comprises: a control laser beam split into two branches, a fixed reference beam and a mobile analysis beam reflected by the surface in movement; means for making said reference and analysis beams interfere to generate interference fringes; means for imaging the interference fringes carrying information about the orientation and position of said surface; means for analyzing said interference images; and means for generating a feedback loop for controlling the orientation and position of said surface in movement based on the analysis.

Classes IPC  ?

• G01B 11/02 - Dispositions pour la mesure caractérisées par l'utilisation de techniques optiques pour mesurer la longueur, la largeur ou l'épaisseur

Abrégé

The invention relates to an amplification device with frequency drift for a pulsed laser, comprising successively: a stretcher (2) able to temporally stretch an incident laser pulse (91); at least one amplifying medium (3, 4) able to amplify the stretched laser pulse (92); a compressor (7) able to temporally compress the stretched and amplified laser pulse (95); in which the compressor (7) comprises, according to the invention, an amplifying medium (8), so as to amplify the partially temporally compressed laser pulse, so as to increase the energy yield of the amplifier.

Classes IPC  ?

• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, c.-à-d. dispositifs utilisant l'émission stimulée de rayonnement électromagnétique dans la gamme de l’infrarouge, du visible ou de l’ultraviolet
• H01S 3/23 - Agencement de plusieurs lasers non prévu dans les groupes , p. ex. agencement en série de deux milieux actifs séparés

Abrégé

The invention relates to a device for generating a secondary source from an optical primary source (F1) which emits a first optical beam at a first wavelength (λ1) focused on a moving surface (10) with which said beam interacts so as to generate a secondary beam (F2), characterized in that the device also comprises an optical device for monitoring the direction and the position of said moving surface so as to determine the direction and position of the emission point of said secondary source on said surface, characterized in that the optical device for monitoring the direction and position of a moving surface (10) by interferometric measurement comprises: a monitoring laser beam (11) that is separated into two arms, one of which is a stationary reference beam and the other of which is a movable analysis beam (12) reflected by the moving surface; a means for causing interference by said reference and analysis beams so as to generate interference bands; a camera means (16) for imaging the interference bands carrying information on the direction and position of said surface; a means (17) for analyzing said interference images; and a means (18) for generating a feedback loop for monitoring the direction and position of said moving surface from the analysis of said information-carrying signal.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05G 2/00 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la production de rayons X, n'utilisant pas de tubes à rayons X, p. ex. utilisant la génération d'un plasma
• G02F 1/35 - Optique non linéaire
• H01S 4/00 - Dispositifs utilisant l’émission stimulée de rayonnement électromagnétique dans des gammes d’ondes autres que celles couvertes par les groupes , ou , p. ex. masers à phonon, lasers à rayons X ou lasers gamma
• G01B 9/02 - Interféromètres
• G01B 11/26 - Dispositions pour la mesure caractérisées par l'utilisation de techniques optiques pour mesurer des angles ou des cônesDispositions pour la mesure caractérisées par l'utilisation de techniques optiques pour tester l'alignement des axes

Abrégé

The invention relates to a method and a system for increasing the lifespan of a plasma obtained in the atmosphere. The method includes the following steps: emitting a femtosecond laser pulse, referred to as a first pulse, generating a column of plasma by the filamentation phenomenon, and emitting a second YAG laser pulse, focused by means of an axicon on a line in the plasma column, the energy of the photons of said second laser pulse being greater than the attachment energy of the electrons in the plasma to neutral molecules such as oxygen molecules. The duration of the second pulse is greater than the duration of the first pulse, and the delay between the two pulses is greater than one microsecond.

Classes IPC  ?

• H05H 1/24 - Production du plasma
• H01J 37/32 - Tubes à décharge en atmosphère gazeuse

Abrégé

The present invention relates to an optical device for measuring the transmission and diffusion of a tissue (7) of the front segment of an eye, said device including: a light source (1); an optical collimation system (2, 4) for directing the collimated light beam towards a tissue (7) of the front segment of an eye to be characterized; an optical mire (6) placed on the optical path between the optical collimation system (4) and the tissue (7); an optical imaging system (9) capable of receiving a light beam transmitted by the mire (6) and the tissue (7) and capable of forming an image of the mire (6) on an image detector (10); and an image processing system (11) capable of calculating a modulation transfer function for the tissue (7) from an image (22) of the mire through the ocular medium (7). According to the invention, the optical mire (6) includes a set of alternately light (13.1, 13.2…) and dark (14.1, 14.2…) angular sectors (13, 14) radially distributed from a central point (O). The invention also relates to different image processing methods for extracting a function representing the transmission and diffusion characteristics of the tissue (7).

Classes IPC  ?

• A61B 3/103 - Appareils pour l'examen optique des yeuxAppareils pour l'examen clinique des yeux du type à mesure objective, c.-à-d. instruments pour l'examen des yeux indépendamment des perceptions ou des réactions du patient pour la détermination de la réfraction, p. ex. réfractomètres, skiascopes
• G01N 21/958 - Inspection de matériaux transparents
• G01N 33/483 - Analyse physique de matériau biologique

Abrégé

The invention relates to a method for creating a terahertz source (4). For said purpose, a filament (5) is generated from a femtosecond laser beam (2). The filament (5) is a plasma column situated on the propagation axis of the laser beam. The source (4) of terahertz radiation consists of all the punctual sections of the filament (5). Said source emits a terahertz radiation (6) according to an emission cone directed according to the propagation axis of the impulses of the laser (2). The terahertz source (4) can be placed in proximity of a target to be irradiated. Dislocation is performed by dislocating the laser beam (2) at the origin of the filament (5).

Classes IPC  ?

• G01N 21/35 - CouleurPropriétés spectrales, c.-à-d. comparaison de l'effet du matériau sur la lumière pour plusieurs longueurs d'ondes ou plusieurs bandes de longueurs d'ondes différentes en recherchant l'effet relatif du matériau pour les longueurs d'ondes caractéristiques d'éléments ou de molécules spécifiques, p. ex. spectrométrie d'absorption atomique en utilisant la lumière infrarouge

Abrégé

The invention relates to a method and device for machining a target using a femtosecond laser beam. The invention consists in taking advantage of the deterministic nature of the ablation threshold and the nonlinear dependence thereof through the use of amplitude or phase pupillary filtering using the polarising effect or any other technique in order to reduce significantly the machining dimensions obtained by focusing a laser beam in nanotechnologies. One such filtering process modifies the distribution of the intensity in the focal plane such as to reduce the maximum of the central component of the spectrum of laser pulses while maintaining the bright rings below the deterministic ablation threshold. The invention associates the femtosecond ablation technique with deterministic threshold and the apodisation technique.

Classes IPC  ?

• B23K 26/06 - Mise en forme du faisceau laser, p. ex. à l’aide de masques ou de foyers multiples
• B23K 26/36 - Enlèvement de matière

Abrégé

1.

Classes IPC  ?

• G02B 6/00 - Guides de lumièreDétails de structure de dispositions comprenant des guides de lumière et d'autres éléments optiques, p. ex. des moyens de couplage
• C09K 19/02 - Substances formant des cristaux liquides caractérisées par les propriétés optiques, électriques ou physiques des constituants, en général
• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, c.-à-d. dispositifs utilisant l'émission stimulée de rayonnement électromagnétique dans la gamme de l’infrarouge, du visible ou de l’ultraviolet