A device for measuring superfine particle masses including a quartz oscillator and an exposure system having at least two measuring chambers. Each of the at least two measuring chambers has a same geometry, a deposition surface for particles, and an aerosol feed directed at the respective disposition surface configured to feed an aerosol onto the respective deposition surface. At least one of the respective deposition surfaces is disposed on the quartz oscillator.
L<4 K. The apparatus is characterized in that the HTS section (4) is disposed radially within the LTS section (5, 6) in a separate helium tank (19) of the cryostat (1) having normal liquid helium and is separated from the LTS section (5, 6) by means of at least one wall disposed between the two helium tanks. An HTS coil section can be maintained in the cryostat in accordance with the invention over a long period of time and in a reliable fashion.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
G01V 3/00 - Prospection ou détection électrique ou magnétiqueMesure des caractéristiques du champ magnétique de la terre, p. ex. de la déclinaison ou de la déviation
3.
METHOD FOR CHARGING AND DISCHARGING A CAPACITOR BLOCK, AND CHARGING STATION FOR CHARGING AND CONSUMER FOR DISCHARGING THE SAME
A method for charging a capacitor block and for discharging a capacitor block to a consumer as well as a charging and discharging station are disclosed. Charging and discharging is individually process-controlled and monitored for each capacitor block. The capacitor block comprises n identical capacitors C or capacitor cells C that can be connected together in a purely parallel circuit, serial circuit combinations of parallel groups and individual capacitors, or a purely serial circuit. The capacitor block is charged by a voltage source with a time variable source voltage (U0(t)) and is discharged as a current source to a time variable load. The load is discharged between two voltage thresholds in nominal operating conditions. The current time constant of the charging or discharging circuit is essential for charging and discharging the capacitor block, and so is the continuous repositioning of the serial stages of the current configuration of the capacitor block in order to continuously balance the charge among the capacitors while maintaining the current total capacity.
L is gaseous. The cryostat in accordance with the invention can be utilized to maintain HTS coil sections over a long period of time in a reliable fashion.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
G01V 3/00 - Prospection ou détection électrique ou magnétiqueMesure des caractéristiques du champ magnétique de la terre, p. ex. de la déclinaison ou de la déviation
5.
COLLECTOR STAGE OF AN ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATOR FOR CLEANING FLUE GAS CREATED IN COMBUSTION PROCESSES, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME
The collector stage of an electrostatic separator for cleaning flue gas created in combustion processes comprises a collector stage, having at least one collector pipe in which an at least single-coil brush is rotatably supported. The brush comprises a central rod or pipe placed coaxially to the collector pipe, on the outer lateral region of said rod or pipe brush wires being placed at a radial distance to the coil axis, which contact at the free end thereof the interior wall of the collector pipe in a grazing manner such that particles are brushed away upon the rotation of the brush toward the interior wall of the collector pipe. The collector pipe and the brush are connected to a common electric reference potential.
A process for reducing nitrogen oxides and halogenated organic compounds in an incineration plant having at least one combustion chamber. The process comprises separating out fly ash using a dust collector. Water is added to and hydrochloric acid separated out in a first acid-operated scrubber. Water and ammonia are added so as to separate out sulphur dioxide in a second neutral or slightly acid-operated scrubber so as to form ammonium sulphite, a portion of the ammonium sulphite thereby reacts with oxygen so as to form an aqueous ammonium sulphate/ammonium sulphite solution. The aqueous ammonium sulphate/ammonium sulphite solution is introduced into an oxygen-containing smoke gas downstream of a secondary gas introduction area so as to decompose the ammonium sulphate and ammonium sulphite so as to form ammonia and sulphur dioxide. Ammonia, oxygen and nitrogen oxides are reduced in the smoke gas by selective non-catalytic reduction so as to produce nitrogen and water, the chloride-containing fly ash in the smoke gas reacting with sulphur dioxide, water and oxygen so as to produce sulphates and hydrochloric acid.
A capacitor block comprises n capacitors C1 to Cn, (3 (n - 1) + 1) switches, and two terminals conducted out of the capacitor block. In each case, three switches are located between two capacitors, two switches connect identical capacitor plates, and one switch connects different capacitor plates. The last capacitor is conducted with the lower plate thereof via the (3(n - 1) + 1)th switch to the terminal having reference potential, and the upper plate is conducted directly on the other. The capacitor block is switched by means of a processor by successive switching, starting from the purely parallel circuit, to a subsequent smaller overall capacitance and thereby has discharge intervals, in which the time constant τ = 1/n RC acts. In order to avoid charge reversals in parts of the capacitor block, the capacitor circuit of the capacitor block is switched at least one cyclically during a discharge interval while maintaining the just switch overall capacitance.
Method for reducing a formation of nitrogen oxide on a primary side of a furnace and reducing or avoiding nitrous oxide and ammonia slip in an offgas of the furnace in which a fuel is burned in a combustion process having at least two stages. The method includes passing a fuel consecutively through each of a plurality of bed areas of a combustion bed of the furnace. A primary gas including oxygen is fed individually to each of the bed areas so as to burn the fuel in the combustion chamber of the furnace. A secondary gas including oxygen is introduced into a downstream offgas burn-out zone, so as to after-burn incompletely burned offgas components formed during the burning of the fuel. Partial offgas streams from the combustion bed areas are axially mixed by injecting a water-gas mixture as at least one free jet above a surface of the combustion bed upstream from the downstream offgas burn-out zone so that the at least one free jet penetrates the partial offgas streams of the combustion bed areas to reduce a heating value of the offgas between the surface of the combustion bed and the downstream offgas burn-out zone.
Assay system for the inhibitory or activating modulation of the cell division in eukaryotes comprising at least one cellular in-vivo system comprising at least one spliceable pre-mRNA which comprises at least one intron and whose splicing is dependent on at least one snRNA U12 or U11 or U6atac or U5 or U4atac and the pre-mRNA comprises, in (a), at least one splicing site for U12 or U11, in the presence of at least one substance of interest, and a detectable signal is induced, if appropriate together with further auxiliaries.
C12N 15/11 - Fragments d'ADN ou d'ARNLeurs formes modifiées
G01N 33/50 - Analyse chimique de matériau biologique, p. ex. de sang ou d'urineTest par des méthodes faisant intervenir la formation de liaisons biospécifiques par ligandsTest immunologique
G01N 33/68 - Analyse chimique de matériau biologique, p. ex. de sang ou d'urineTest par des méthodes faisant intervenir la formation de liaisons biospécifiques par ligandsTest immunologique faisant intervenir des protéines, peptides ou amino-acides
10.
REACTOR FOR DISINFECTING LIQUIDS CONTAMINATED WITH BACTERIA BY USING HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSE TECHNOLOGY AND METHOD THEREFOR
A reactor for disinfecting liquids contaminated with bacteria by using high-voltage pulse technology is presented: it has a convex, simple-polygonal or round cross section and a parallel electrode arrangement comprising two electrode strips which are opposite each other perpendicularly and mirror-invertedly with respect to the longitudinal axis and are electrically insulated from each other. One electrode is connected to an electrical reference potential and the other, the high-voltage electrode, is connected to an electrical high-voltage potential that can be set in terms of duration and level. Or the electrode arrangement is of a coaxial construction with inner and outer conductors. On the electrode (1) that can be subjected to high-voltage potential there is a ceramic layer 100 to 300 &mgr;m thick. The two electrodes (1, 2) are opposite each other with a maximum distance between them such that, when high-voltage potential is applied, it is certain that no spark-over forms between the two electrodes (1, 2) as a result of the high voltage, but with a minimum distance between them such that, while the high-voltage electrode (1) is under the electrical high-voltage potential, the formation of a maximum field strength of at least 1 MV/cm occurs on the exposed surface of the ceramic layer without a spark-over.
The invention relates to a die for micro-contact printing comprising a die body and a die surface firmly connected to the die body, the surface of which is subdivided into at least two regions made of at least two different materials with different absorbencies of die ink, wherein at least one of the at least two regions has a lateral dimension of a maximum of 1000 nanometers. Preferably, the die body is made of an elastomer, and a separated polymer mixture or a block copolymer layer categorized into its phases is located on the surface of the die surface. The invention further relates to a method for the production of such a die.
G03F 7/00 - Production par voie photomécanique, p. ex. photolithographique, de surfaces texturées, p. ex. surfaces impriméesMatériaux à cet effet, p. ex. comportant des photoréservesAppareillages spécialement adaptés à cet effet
The invention relates to a method for the magnetically supported extraction of a target substance (20) from an aqueous solution. The aim of the invention is to make the method for extraction robust enough for industrial-scale applications. The aim is achieved by a method comprising the admixing (1) of functional magnetic particles (12) having an affinity for the target substance (20) and a surfactant (11) to the aqueous solution (10), wherein a single-phase aqueous surfactant solution forms below a turbidity point (T1Tc) into a two-phase state, a first surfactant-containing disperse phase arising in the surrounding second phase surrounding the first from the magnetic particles (12) having the bound target substance, the surfactant-containing phase having a lower absorption capacity for the substances in solution than the second phase; separating the phases in the two-phase region by applying a magnetic field (14); and removing the surfactant-containing phase comprising the magnetic particles with the target substance (16).
G01N 33/543 - Tests immunologiquesTests faisant intervenir la formation de liaisons biospécifiquesMatériaux à cet effet avec un support insoluble pour l'immobilisation de composés immunochimiques
13.
A METHOD FOR DETECTING THE BINDING BETWEEN MDM2 AND THE PROTEASOME
This invention provides both nucleic acid and amino acid sequences encoding for isolated protein-HDM2 binding sites as well as for isolated protein-proteasome binding sites (the ED(X)Y sequences). In a further aspect this invention also provides related nucleic acids, amino acids, vectors, host cells, pharmaceutical compositions and articles of manufacture. This invention further provides methods for determining whether a test compound interacts with the binding between HDM2 and the proteasome, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising said test compound, in particular as anti-cancer agent, even more particular for treating cell proliferative disorders in a subject.
C12Q 1/25 - Procédés de mesure ou de test faisant intervenir des enzymes, des acides nucléiques ou des micro-organismesCompositions à cet effetProcédés pour préparer ces compositions faisant intervenir des enzymes qui ne peuvent pas être classées dans les groupes
A61K 38/10 - Peptides ayant de 12 à 20 amino-acides
G06F 19/00 - Équipement ou méthodes de traitement de données ou de calcul numérique, spécialement adaptés à des applications spécifiques (spécialement adaptés à des fonctions spécifiques G06F 17/00;systèmes ou méthodes de traitement de données spécialement adaptés à des fins administratives, commerciales, financières, de gestion, de surveillance ou de prévision G06Q;informatique médicale G16H)
14.
LAYERS COMPOSITE COMPRISING A PYROGENIC ZINC OXIDE LAYER AND FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR COMPRISING THIS COMPOSITE
Composite of layers which comprises a dielectric layer and a layer which comprises pyrogenic zinc oxide and is bonded to the dielectric layer. Process for producing the composite of layers, in which the pyrogenic zinc oxide is applied to the dielectric layer in the form of a dispersion in which the zinc oxide particles are present with a mean aggregate diameter of less than 200 nm, and the zinc oxide layer is dried and then treated at temperatures of less than 200°C. Process for producing the composite of layers, in which the pyrogenic zinc oxide is applied to a substrate layer or a composite of substrate layers in the form of a dispersion in which the zinc oxide particles are present with a mean aggregate diameter of less than 200 nm to form a zinc oxide layer, and then the zinc oxide layer and the substrate layer are treated at temperatures of less than 200°C, and then a dielectric layer is applied to the zinc oxide layer. Field-effect transistor which has the composite of layers.
A method is provided for producing and preparing fast pyrolysis products from a biomass for entrained-flow pressure gasification that includes: heating of the biomass under exclusion of oxygen in a pyrolysis reactor, a temperature of between 400 to 600° C. being established for one to 50 seconds, such that the biomass reacts to form porous pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate and pyrolysis gas; and drawing off the pyrolysis gas; condensing vaporous constituents of the pyrolysis condensate in a plurality of condensation stages so as to: condense, in a first condensation stage, at temperatures above the dew point of water, a low-temperature carbonization tar from the vaporous constituents; and condense and separate at temperatures between 0° C. and the dew point of water, in at least one subsequent condensation stage, an aqueous solution of oxygen containing organic compounds.
Device for measuring superfine particle masses, comprising an exposure system with at least two measurement chambers (1) with identical geometries, each comprising a deposition surface (4) for particles and each with an aerosol feed (9) directed at said surface for feeding an aerosol onto the deposition surface. The problem addressed by the invention is that of proposing a device for measuring superfine particle masses, which device also detects adsorption or absorption kinetics and which, as a biological system, also detects toxicokinetics or pharmacokinetics at the same time. The problem is solved by the fact that at least one deposition surface is arranged on a quartz oscillator (5).
A method for reducing digital data of an electro magnetic acoustic transducer pig that travels through a pipeline so as to detect defects by measuring an analog ultrasonic echo includes determining a size of a defect and determining a background noise at the defect. The size of the defect is determined by selecting peak values of the digital data based on a plurality of amplitude/transit time vectors indicating maxima of an ultrasound envelope, each vector being determined by three amplitude/transit time pairs. The ultrasound envelope is generated by determining a width of a respective vector ultrasound envelope for each vector. The background noise at the defect is determined by summing peak values of the digital data in time intervals so as to form an interval-specific summation value.
H04B 15/00 - Suppression ou limitation du bruit ou des interférences
G01N 9/24 - Recherche du poids spécifique ou de la densité des matériauxAnalyse des matériaux en déterminant le poids spécifique ou la densité en observant la propagation de l'onde ou de la radiation des particules à travers le matériau
G01V 1/00 - SéismologieProspection ou détection sismique ou acoustique
19.
IMPLANTABLE SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE ACCOMMODATION REQUIREMENT BY MEASURING THE EYEBALL ORIENTATION USING AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD
The invention relates to an implantable system for determining the accommodation requirement in an artifical accommodation system by measuring the eyeball orientation using an external magnetic field, said system comprising a) at least one optical system (3); b) at least one information detection system (8) which does not come into contact with the ciliary muscle and comprises means for detecting a spatial orientation of both eyeballs as a physical control signal for the accommodation requirement; c) at least one information processing system (9) for producing a corrective signal for the optical system (3) from the detected physical control signals; d) at least one energy supply system (10); and e) a fixing system, said system comprising respective means for measuring a magnetic field in both eyes, and transmission elements are provided for the mutual information exchange between said means.
G01R 33/07 - Mesure de la direction ou de l'intensité de champs magnétiques ou de flux magnétiques en utilisant des dispositifs galvano-magnétiques des dispositifs à effet Hall
A61B 3/113 - Appareils pour l'examen optique des yeuxAppareils pour l'examen clinique des yeux du type à mesure objective, c.-à-d. instruments pour l'examen des yeux indépendamment des perceptions ou des réactions du patient pour déterminer ou enregistrer le mouvement de l'œil
20.
IMPLANTABLE SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE ACCOMMODATION REQUIREMENT BY OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF THE PUPIL DIAMETER AND THE SURROUNDING LUMINANCE
The invention relates to an implantable system for determining the accommodation requirement in an artificial accommodation system by optical measurement of the pupil diameter and the surrounding luminance, said system comprising: a) at least one optical system (3); b) at least one information detection system (8) which does not come into contact with the ciliary muscle and comprises means for measuring the pupil width and the luminance for at least one eye, as a physical control signal for the accommodation requirement; c) at least one information processing system (9) for producing a corrective signal for the optical system (3) from the detected physical control signals or for switching into standby mode; d) at least one energy supply system (10); and e) a fixing system, said system comprising at least one sensor (3) provided with sensor elements for measuring the pupil diameter and the surrounding luminance.
A61B 3/11 - Appareils pour l'examen optique des yeuxAppareils pour l'examen clinique des yeux du type à mesure objective, c.-à-d. instruments pour l'examen des yeux indépendamment des perceptions ou des réactions du patient pour mesurer la distance interpupillaire ou le diamètre de la pupille
A61F 9/00 - Procédés ou dispositifs pour le traitement des yeuxDispositifs pour mettre en place des verres de contactDispositifs pour corriger le strabismeAppareils pour guider les aveuglesDispositifs protecteurs pour les yeux, portés sur le corps ou dans la main
21.
BIOREACTOR, ARRANGEMENT OF BIOREACTORS, PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF AND USE THEREOF
The invention relates to a bioreactor which consists of a housing of a lower housing half 1 and an upper housing half 2 which are connected to one another in each case at one side by means of a film joint 5, wherein on at least one housing half means are provided for the exchange of fluids, and of at least one support element 3 for at least one cell culture substrate 4. The invention further relates to an arrangement of such bioreactors, processes for production thereof and use thereof for culturing cells or as an implant.
Disclosed is a method for converting biomass into liquid combustible. The aim of the invention is to simplify said method. Said aim is achieved by a method comprising the following steps: biomass is introduced into a reaction vessel; in the reaction vessel, the biomass is subjected to a temperature ranging from 350 to 550°C at ambient pressure for 1 to 15 minutes in the absence of oxygen such that liquid pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, and solid pyrolysis coke are formed; pyrolysis coke and a pyrolysis vapor encompassing pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil are separately removed from the reaction vessel; the pyrolysis oil is condensed out of the pyrolysis vapor; the pyrolysis oil is refined into aliphatic and fatty acid-concentrated fractions without using catalysts; and the remaining refined pyrolysis oil is fed to a combustion process as combustible.
C10B 53/00 - Distillation destructive spécialement conçue pour des matières premières solides particulières ou sous forme spéciale
C10G 3/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de matières organiques contenant de l'oxygène, p. ex. huiles, acides gras
C10G 1/00 - Production de mélanges liquides d'hydrocarbures à partir de schiste bitumineux, de sable pétrolifère ou de matières carbonées solides non fusibles ou similaires, p. ex. bois, charbon
C10L 1/04 - Combustibles carbonés liquides à base essentielle de mélanges d'hydrocarbures
C10L 1/08 - Combustibles carbonés liquides à base essentielle de mélanges d'hydrocarbures pour allumage par compression
C10L 1/18 - Composés organiques contenant de l'oxygène
23.
Micro heat exchanger and its use as cooler for electronic components
In a micro heat exchanger for the transfer of high area-specific amounts of heat from a heat source to a heat transfer medium, including a heat transfer structure with an inlet- and an outlet duct structure between which a plurality of passages extend through the heat transfer structure, the inlet and outlet duct structures are arranged in alternating order in the heat transfer area in close proximity to the heat source, with the inlet and outlet duct structure and the passages interconnecting the inlet and outlet structures covering the whole heat transfer area directly adjacent the heat source.
F28D 7/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur comportant des ensembles de canalisations tubulaires fixes pour les deux sources de potentiel calorifique, ces sources étant en contact chacune avec un côté de la paroi d'une canalisation
24.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS INTO GASEOUS PRODUCTS
The invention relates to a method and a device for converting biomass having a water content of at least 50% into gaseous products. A reactor (1), which holds supercritical water and molten salt (2) made of a salt or a salt mixture, having a melting point below a reaction temperature that is required for converting the biomass into gaseous products, and the molten salt (2) are heated to the reaction temperature. The biomass, which has been heated to a temperature at which no interfering decomposition of the organic compounds occurs yet, is fed via a first feed pipe (4) into the reactor (1), the pipe being immersed in the molten salt (2). The biomass is heated to the reaction temperature, and further salts migrate from the biomass to the molten salt (2). Parts of the molten salt (2) enriched therewith are removed from the reactor (1) and replaced with fresh salt solution. The gaseous products are removed from the reactor (1) via a discharge pipe (6). The decomposition of the biomass, and the development of the further salts from the biomass, only occur inside the reactor. The salts from the biomass are bound in the molten salt, which at the same time serves the heating of the biomass to the reaction temperature.
B01J 3/00 - Procédés utilisant une pression supérieure ou inférieure à la pression atmosphérique pour obtenir des modifications chimiques ou physiques de la matièreAppareils à cet effet
B01J 19/00 - Procédés chimiques, physiques ou physico-chimiques en généralAppareils appropriés
A mixer system for mixing at least two fluids includes a plurality of micromixers that are fluidically connected in parallel. The micromixers are integrated into a guide matrix and are fluidically connected via feed lines for the fluids to be mixed.
The ball switch in a multiball switch arrangement in layered /laminated construction has a flat contact guide away from the ball switch contacts. The metallic inner wall (11) of the chamber (3) of the ball switch ends on both sides of the chamber plate (9) in annular strips (4, 5). The circular disk (1) on the base plate (6) is surrounded by a concentric sealing ring (7) made of dielectric material on which the opposite annular strip (4) on the chamber plate completely and concentrically rests in the assembled condition. The base plate (6) and the chamber plate (9) are joined/pressed together via an adhesive layer (10) surrounding the circular disk in such a way that the chamber wall is electrically insulated from the circular disk (1) and the outgoing conductor track (2), and between the annular strip (4) of the chamber and the base plate (6) an atmospheric seal exists across the intermediate sealing ring (7). Optionally, the ball switch can be covered in various ways.
H01H 35/14 - Interrupteurs actionnés par changement de l'accélération, p. ex. par choc ou vibration, interrupteur à inertie
G01P 15/135 - Mesure de l'accélérationMesure de la décélérationMesure des chocs, c.-à-d. d'une variation brusque de l'accélération en ayant recours aux forces d'inertie avec conversion en valeurs électriques ou magnétiques en utilisant des contacts qui sont actionnés par une masse mobile
A planar-helical undulator which is electrically complete for variable polarization over 360° of the x-ray emitted therefrom is constructed from two identical or two identically built coils which each have a planar and a helical section. The base of each coil winding in a section is convex as seen from outside, and the position or area of the coil base with the largest radius of curvature is such that the undulator axis is aligned to the next axis level. The two sections of a coil have the same or a different number of coil windings. The longitudinal areas of the two sections coincide, or the smaller lies completely within the larger. In the case of sections of a coil having the same length and circular coil windings of a planar section and a constant number of turns in both sections, the planar section is positioned around the helical section. In the case of sections of a coil having the same length in at least one section of a coil, the number of turns in the coil winding is not constant and varies over the length of the section to the symmetrical section center thereof. In the case of sections having lengths which are not the same, the number of turns in the coil winding is constant or, in at least one section of the coil, the number of turns in the coil winding is not constant and varies along the length of the section to the symmetrical section center thereof. The number of coil windings of the planar section is ᡶ= 2, and the number of coil windings of the helical section of a coil is ᡶ= 2 and is an even number.
The invention relates to initiators of the general formula {[M(L)a]Xb}n, wherein these initiators preferably comprise (SbF6-) as the counterion and are obtainable by a complexing reaction of a corresponding metal SbF6- salt with a corresponding ligand (L). The invention also relates to preparations and epoxy systems that contain said initiators and that are especially non-thermally and/or thermally curable.
The ionization stage and collector for an exhaust gas purification system are sectionally limited components of an exhaust gas duct. The ionization stage which is installed over the clear cross section of the duct is upstream of the collector stage. Each high-voltage electrode which projects into a nozzle has, at the free end, a first conical sleeve with a convex cross section which fits with its entire foot end in the upstream direction of the gas flow onto the end plate-shaped high-voltage electrode. A second conical sleeve with a convex cross section which fits with its foot in the downstream direction of the gas flow likewise onto the high-voltage electrode (10) is also seated on the end plate-shaped electrode. Each sleeve electrode which is at reference/earth potential and has a cover which terminates in the downstream direction of the gas flow and is made of electrically conductive material has a structure which is permeable to the gas flow. Downstream in the direction of the gas flow the collector adjoins the ionization stage without forming an intermediate chamber. Collector filter elements, which are packed in a way which is permeable to the gas flow, are accumulated in a localized fashion at most over the clear cross section at said nozzle plate.
The invention relates to an optical element, a method for the production thereof, and the usage thereof as an isolator or polarizer. An inventive optical element for a frequency window of the electromagnetic spectrum comprises a first component which has the function of a quarter wavelength plate, and a second component joined thereto which has a circular dichroism. When the first component is exposed to a linearly polarized wave, the optical element can be used as an optical isolator. When, however, the second component is exposed to the linearly polarized wave, the optical element can be used as an optical polarizer. An inventive optical element which is used as an optical isolator can be deployed in laser systems to reduce or suppress the feedback of the laser. In addition, windows can be thus produced which in a specific frequency window are transparent in only one direction. Unidirectional thermal insulation is thereby produced for the infrared wavelength region.
Filter system having cleaning device. The object is to propose an improved filter system having horizontally orientated filter elements and a cleaning device, which system, with a compact structure, is distinguished by a high dirty gas loading capacity and good cleanability. The object is achieved by a filter system comprising at least two horizontally orientated tubular filter elements (7) lying on both ends and sealed individually, wherein the filter element is open at one or both ends and is covered a filter cap, a dirty-gas-side feed (3) arranged outside the filter elements having a downwardly or horizontally directed dirty gas guide, a clean gas-side outlet (6) connected to the interior of the filter elements, at least one counter pressure cleaning device (9, 10) having a fluid valve in the outlet and also a pressurized gas feed into the outlet between filter element and outlet.
The invention relates to a cleanable filter system for gas comprising dust. It is the object of the invention to propose a filter system, which is characterized by a compact design and low pressure loss and which allows filter cleaning without interrupting the operating state. The system is particularly suitable for use in vacuum cleaner systems. The aim is achieved by a filter system, comprising a filter housing (1) having an interior volume (2) and an outer annular gap volume (3) disposed around the same, the volume having an inlet (4) for the gas (13), wherein the interior volume and the annular gap volume extend axially symmetrically about a bisecting line (5) and are separated by a gas-permeable wall (6) from one another. The system further comprises an outlet pipe (7) penetrating into and through the interior volume axially symmetrically about the bisecting line in a sealing manner, which are separated from each other by a gas-permeable wall (6), wherein the pipe casing surfaces (8) of the outlet pipe are gas-permeable in the interior volume and are covered by a suspended matter filter (9), and comprising a flushing gas conduit (10), which is rotationally disposed in the outlet pipe about the bisecting line, the conduit having at least one nozzle (11) facing radially outward in the region of the suspended matter filter.
In a microstructure apparatus for heating and atomizing a fluid with an inner body received in an outer tube, circumferential microstructure passages are formed into the inner surface of the outer tube or the outer surface of the inner body so as to form a flow passage which is provided with an inlet connector and heating means are incorporated into the inner body for heating the fluid conducted through the microstructure flow passages under pressure, the microstructure fluid passages extending spirally around the inner body so as to proved for a relatively long microstructure fluid flow passage which is open at the axial end thereof for discharging the fluid heated pressurized therein through the open axial end.
F24H 1/10 - Chauffe-eau instantanés, c.-à-d. dans lesquels il n'y a production de chaleur que lorsque l'eau s'écoule, p. ex. avec contact direct de l'eau avec l'agent chauffant
34.
METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING THE EXHAUST GAS BURN-OFF QUALITY IN COMBUSTION SYSTEMS
Method for characterizing the exhaust gas burn-off quality of a combustion process in combustion systems having a gas burn-off zone. The object is to propose such a method as a basis for optimizing the exhaust gas burn-off which ensures complete burn-off even in the case of non-steady-state combustion processes with a minimum of secondary gas, and in particular which basically also detects regions in which no combustion activities at all take place due to lack of combustion gases. The object is achieved in that the method optically senses combustion regions in a flow cross section of the gas burn-off zone, regions without combustion and regions of soot in the visible wavelength range, wherein the regions without combustion and the regions of soot are distinguished by different dynamics, and by averaging a plurality of successive individual recordings said regions can be differentiated in their junction areas with the combustion regions.
F23M 11/04 - Moyens pour surveiller la combustion, p. ex. fenêtres
F23N 3/08 - Régulation de l'amenée d'air ou du tirage par systèmes assistés
F23G 5/14 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets ou de combustibles pauvres comportant un chauffage supplémentaire comportant une combustion secondaire
35.
METHOD FOR DETECTING ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE MACROMOLECULES
The invention relates to a method for detecting individual or a few electrically conductive macromolecules, preferably nucleic acids or proteins, which are present in an ion-conducting fluid such that they move freely. It is an object of the invention to provide a method for detecting the macromolecules, without the need to provide the macromelecules in advance with a magnetic marker or label. This method is also intended to enable the manipulation of the macromolecules, particularly for transporting them for analysis, for separating them or for enriching them. This object is achieved by the following method. First, an ion-conducting fluid, in which the macromolecule (4) which is free from magnetic markers is located, is added to a volume (1). Subsequently, an electric field is applied over the volume, which produces a first magnetic field around the at least one electroconductive macromolecule. Finally, a magnetic field sensor (5) is used to ascertain the magnetic field or its temporal change, by means of which the macromolecule can be detected.
A method for applying membrane lipids to a substrate includes providing a substrate and an ink reservoir having an ink including a membrane lipid. The tip of a scanning probe microscope is dipped into the ink so as to dispose the membrane lipid on the tip. The tip of the scanning probe microscope is brought into contact with a surface of the substrate. The tip is moved over regions of the surface so that the membrane lipid migrates from the tip of the scanning probe microscope onto the surface of the substrate in the regions and the membrane lipid organizes itself in the regions in a form of a single lipid layer or in a form of one or a plurality of mutually superposed lipid bilayers. The tip is removed from the surface of the substrate.
B05D 5/00 - Procédés pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides aux surfaces pour obtenir des effets, finis ou des structures de surface particuliers
B05D 1/28 - Procédés pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides aux surfaces par transfert de liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides, à partir de la surface d'éléments porteurs, p. ex. de pinceaux, tampons, rouleaux
The present invention relates to a fixed bed, for example for the isolation and/or purification of components originating from a biological system, which fixed bed comprises magnetic beads and a magnetizable fabric arranged at least in part in the fixed bed, a fluidized bed-fixed bed, which comprises the fixed bed of the invention after application of an alternating magnetic field, and also to a process for the isolation and/or purification of components originating from a biological system.
B01D 15/18 - Adsorption sélective, p. ex. chromatographie caractérisée par des caractéristiques de structure ou de fonctionnement relatives aux différents types d'écoulement
G01N 30/42 - Modèles d'écoulement utilisant une circulation à contre courant
38.
METHOD FOR APPLYING A BIOACTIVE, TISSUE-COMPATIBLE LAYER ONTO SHAPED ARTICLES AND THE USE OF SUCH SHAPED ARTICLES
A method for providing a target composed of a bioactive tissue-compatible glass mixture, and the surface of the shaped articles which is presented to the environment, with a layer of the target material. The method permits application to temperature-sensitive shaped articles which had not previously been suitable for such a procedure. The coated surface of implanted shaped articles/casings has the potential to connect and to grow together with living soft tissue. Shaped articles/casings coated in this way and implanted subcutaneously/ transcutaneously are therefore suitable for diagnosis and therapy when the intended substance has previously been introduced into them. However, it is also possible to incorporate an electronic device with which it is thus possible to locate and identify the carrier.
A method for the improvement of the slag quality of grate furnaces, comprising a combustion bed with several consecutive fixed-bed burn-out zones on one combustion grate underneath a combustion chamber. The problem addressed by the invention is to provide a simple and reliably controllable method for improving the slag quality during waste combustion, such as grate combustion, where a good slag quality is already being obtained during the fixed-bed combustion process on the grate. The problem is solved by the fact that the first fixed-bed burn-out zones are permeated by an oxygen-rich primary gas and that at least one of the fixed-bed burn-out zones following the first fixed-bed burn-out zone is permeated by hot fuel gas from the combustion chamber.
F23C 9/00 - Appareils à combustion caractérisés par des dispositions pour renvoyer les produits de combustion ou les gaz de fumée dans la chambre de combustion
The invention relates to a method for producing a ceramic, a ceramic produced according to said method and to the use thereof. According to the invention, a green body, which consists of at least two different powder mixtures that are compacted to form a moulded body, is initially produced and subsequently sintered. Said powder mixtures respectively contain a ceramic powder and a coloured metal compound and/or a coloured pigment. The two powder mixtures are different in their composition from the coloured metal compound and/or the coloured pigment. The ceramics are shaped prior to sintering and/or during the intermediate step, during which sintering is interrupted and then continued after shaping. The inventive ceramic can be used as colour gradiated dental ceramics or as dental ceramics having a coloured gradient.
C04B 35/83 - Fibres de carbone dans une matrice carbonée
A61K 6/00 - Préparations pour la technique dentaire
C04B 35/18 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base d'oxydes à base de silicates autres que l'argile riches en oxyde d'aluminium
The invention relates to a method for producing a photonic crystal which consists of a material with a high refractive index, comprising the following steps: (a) Provision of a polymer structure with cross-linked air voids with surfaces displaying empty interstitial lattice sites; (b) Application of a homogeneous, isotropic thin coating material on the surfaces of the polymer structure; (c) Introduction of a highly refractive material; (d) Opening of an access to the polymer or coating material applied according to step (b); (e) Removal of the layer applied in step (b); (f) Removal of the polymer structure.
The invention relates to a method for the production of an element on a substrate on which a multitude of nanocylinders has been placed, with every nanocylinder comprised of at least four layers of 1 to 10 atoms superimposed on each other. These layers consist of alternating atoms M of a magnetic element and atoms X of a nonmagnetic element, with M=Fe, Co, or Ni, and X=Pd, Pt, Rh, or Au, preferably selected. The number and thickness of the layers are controlled by the magnetic properties of the nanocylinder. To this end, a prepared substrate is first covered with a nanoporous membrane of Al2O3. Subsequently, the substrate which is covered with the nanoporous membrane is metallized alternatingly with atoms M of a magnetic element and with atoms X of a nonmagnetic element. At the end, the membrane is removed, such that nanocylinders remain at the position of the pores of the membrane. An element produced according to the invention can be used as a magnetic storage medium, a switching element, or a sensor.
H01F 1/00 - Aimants ou corps magnétiques, caractérisés par les matériaux magnétiques appropriésEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés magnétiques
H01F 41/30 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour appliquer des pellicules magnétiques sur des substrats pour appliquer des structures nanométriques, p. ex. en utilisant l'épitaxie par jets moléculaires [MBE]
Disclosed is a multifunctional hard material coating on a substrate, said hard material coating comprising a single-phase crystalline structure. The aim of the invention is to create a hard material coating which combines the advantages of metallic and ionic hard material coatings. Said aim is achieved by said hard material coating encompassing metastable mixed crystals as material components, which are made of at least two hard materials that are insoluble together. The material components comprise at least one metallic hard material (4) and an ionic hard material (6).
C23C 14/06 - Revêtement par évaporation sous vide, pulvérisation cathodique ou implantation d'ions du matériau composant le revêtement caractérisé par le matériau de revêtement
C23C 16/30 - Dépôt de composés, de mélanges ou de solutions solides, p. ex. borures, carbures, nitrures
C23C 16/50 - Revêtement chimique par décomposition de composés gazeux, ne laissant pas de produits de réaction du matériau de la surface dans le revêtement, c.-à-d. procédés de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur [CVD] caractérisé par le procédé de revêtement au moyen de décharges électriques
44.
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING NITROGEN OXIDES AND HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN INCINERATION PLANTS
It is the object of the invention to provide a process for simultaneously reducing nitrogen oxides and halogenated organic compounds in incineration plants having at least one combustion chamber (1, 3). The object is achieved by a process in which sulfur dioxide SO2 is selectively removed from the flue gas in at least one scrubber (9) by means of ammonia or ammonium compounds to form an aqueous ammonium sulfate/sulfite solution which is recycled entirely or partly into the combustion chamber.
F23J 15/04 - Aménagement des dispositifs de traitement de fumées ou de vapeurs des purificateurs, p. ex. pour enlever les matériaux nocifs utilisant des fluides de lavage
45.
CERAMIC DIELECTRIC OR THIN AND/OR THICK LAYERS CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE CERAMIC DIELECTRIC METHOD FOR PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF
The invention relates to dielectric ceramics, thin and/or thick layers made therefrom, a method for production thereof and the use of the dielectrics and the thin and/or thick layers.
C04B 41/90 - Revêtement ou imprégnation pour obtenir au moins deux revêtements superposés de compositions différentes au moins une couche comportant un métal
C04B 35/622 - Procédés de mise en formeTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques
C04B 35/468 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base d'oxydes à base d'oxydes de titane ou de titanates à base de titanates à base de titanates de métaux alcalino-terreux à base de titanates de baryum
C04B 35/47 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base d'oxydes à base d'oxydes de titane ou de titanates à base de titanates à base de titanates de métaux alcalino-terreux à base de titanates de strontium
An apparatus for thermally dehalogenating halogenated substances, comprising a heatable reaction volume (2) with a vapour space (4) at the top and a liquid phase space (3) at the bottom, and also with one inlet each (6, 7) for the substances and for polyolefin, and outlets in each case (8, 9) for the halogenated reaction products, the dehalogenated substances and for polyolefin. It is an object of the invention to propose an apparatus for debrominating oils and liquefying polypropylene which enables debromination of organic substrates on the industrial scale. The object is achieved by an apparatus wherein the inlet (7) for the polyolefin has means (12) of heating the polyolefin above the softening temperature and opens out into the vapour space (4) in the reaction volume (2) and comprises at least one nozzle (11).
B01J 19/26 - Réacteurs du type à injecteur, c.-à-d. dans lesquels la distribution des réactifs de départ dans le réacteur est effectuée par introduction ou injection au moyen d'injecteurs
A62D 3/00 - Procédés pour rendre les substances chimiques nuisibles inoffensives ou moins nuisibles en effectuant un changement chimique dans les substances
47.
CRYOSTAT HAVING A MAGNET COIL SYSTEM, WHICH COMPRISES AN UNDERCOOLED LTS SECTION AND AN HTS SECTION ARRANGED IN A SEPARATE HELIUM TANK
A cryostat (1) having a magnet coil system, which comprises superconductive conductors, for producing a magnetic field B0 in a measurement volume (3), having a plurality of solenoid-like coil sections (4, 5, 6), which are arranged nested radially one inside the other and are connected electrically in series and of which at least one LTS section (5, 6) comprises a conventional low-temperature superconductor (LTS) and at least one HTS section (4) comprises a high-temperature superconductor (HTS), wherein the LTS section is located with liquid helium in a first helium tank (9) of the cryostat (1) at a helium temperature TL < 4 K, is characterized by the fact that the HTS section (4) is arranged radially within the LTS section (5, 6) in a separate helium tank (19) of the cryostat (1) with standard liquid helium and is separated from the LTS section (5, 6) by at least one wall between the two helium tanks. An HTS coil section can be used in the long term and reliably in the cryostat according to the invention.
BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie, dieses vertreten durch den Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (Allemagne)
Inventeur(s)
Vogelmann, Hannes
Grützmacher, Klaus
Trickl, Thomas
Steiger, Andreas
Steiger, Martina
Abrégé
The present invention relates to a pulsed parametric oscillator comprising at least – one pump laser (1) – apparatuses (8, 9) which are used to elliptically deform, and vertically compress, the pump beam (2) of the pump laser (1) – a reflection grating (3) – a non-linear birefringent crystal (4) – a tuning mirror (7) and – an end mirror (5).
A cryostat (1) having a magnet coil system, which comprises superconductive conductors, for producing a magnetic field Bo in a measurement volume (3), having a plurality of solenoid-like coil sections (4, 5, 6), which are arranged nested radially one inside the other and are connected electrically in series and of which at least one LTS section (5, 6) comprises a conventional low-temperature superconductor (LTS) and at least one HTS section (4) comprises a high-temperature superconductor (HTS), wherein the magnet coil system is located with liquid helium in a helium tank (9) of the cryostat (1) at a helium temperature TL, is characterized by the fact that a chamber (11) is provided around the HTS section(s) (4), a pressure prevailing in the interior of said chamber which is so low that helium present there remains gaseous at the temperature TL. An HTS coil section can be used in the long term and reliably in the cryostat according to the invention.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
G01R 33/3815 - Systèmes pour produire, homogénéiser ou stabiliser le champ magnétique directeur ou le champ magnétique à gradient utilisant des électro-aimants avec des bobines supraconductrices, p. ex. leurs alimentations
H01L 39/14 - Dispositifs à supraconductivité permanente
50.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A LAYER ON A MOULDING AND USE THEREOF
The invention relates to a method for producing a preferably electrically conductive layer from a moulding by which very narrow interconnects or electrodes can be applied on three-dimensional thin-walled microstructures. For this purpose, the first step involves producing or applying galvanically catalytically effective nuclei on the surface of a shapeable film provided, within those regions on the surface of the film which are provided for the layer. After the film has been shaped to form a moulding, an electrodeposition is effected on the surface of the moulding, whereby the nuclei are combined to form the layer.
H05K 3/18 - Appareils ou procédés pour la fabrication de circuits imprimés dans lesquels le matériau conducteur est appliqué au support isolant de manière à former le parcours conducteur recherché utilisant la technique de la précipitation pour appliquer le matériau conducteur
H01L 21/48 - Fabrication ou traitement de parties, p. ex. de conteneurs, avant l'assemblage des dispositifs, en utilisant des procédés non couverts par l'un uniquement des groupes ou
C23C 18/16 - Revêtement chimique par décomposition soit de composés liquides, soit de solutions des composés constituant le revêtement, ne laissant pas de produits de réaction du matériau de la surface dans le revêtementDépôt par contact par réduction ou par substitution, p. ex. dépôt sans courant électrique
The assembly of an electrodynamic fractionating unit, for the fragmentation, milling or suspension of a brittle, mineral process material is disclosed. The energy store including the output switch/spark gap thereof, the electrodes including the supply line and the reaction vessel are each arranged at least within the protection of the electrically necessary insulating separation of regions of differing electrical potential, completely enclosed in a volume of the encapsulation, having electrically-conducting walls. The wall thickness of the encapsulation is at least equivalent to the penetration depth, corresponding to the lowest components of the Fourier spectrum of the pulsed electromagnetic field. The electrode at reference potential is connected to the ground side of the energy store through the encapsulation wall. The electrode at high voltage is connected by the shortest path to the output switch on the energy store.
Method of reducing the nitrogen oxide formation (NOx) on the primary side and of at the same time avoiding the formation of nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia slip (NH3) in the exhaust gas of a two-stage combustion process and of improving the slag balance, comprising a fixed-bed burn-out zone, through which an oxygenous primary gas flows, above a fuel bed and a downstream exhaust-gas burn-out zone into which oxygenous secondary gas is additionally introduced. The object is to propose a simple and reliably controllable method for reducing nitrogen oxide formation on the primary side in combustion plants, for example grate combustion plants, with considerably higher efficiency, wherein no additional pollutants are produced or the utilization of the energy of the heat content of the combustion gases is only marginally impaired. The object is achieved in that the calorific value of the exhaust gas between the fuel bed surface and upstream of the exhaust-gas burn-out zone is reduced in such a way that an average calorific value of less than 1 MJ/m3 occurs, and the temperature of the fuel bed surface is at least 950°C until the exhaust gas leaves the exhaust-gas burn-out zone, and the gas temperature above the fuel bed in the region of the rear grate half is more than 1000°C.
The invention relates to an arrangement for generating liquid flows and/or particle flows comprising at least partially electrically charged particles in a liquid. The arrangement comprises a substrate and controllable means for providing electrical voltages for a multiplicity of electrode pairs (1, 1';1', 1'') on the surface (3, 3') of the substrate, which generate an electrical field which, inside the electrical double layer, exerts a force on that part of the liquid which adjoins the surface of the substrate and, both inside (4, 4') and outside (5, 6) the electrical double layer, exerts a force on the particles, wherein the surface of the substrate is subdivided, in the form of a matrix, into regions which differ in terms of the magnitude or sign of their surface charge or in terms of their height above the substrate. The invention also relates to a method for producing and operating such an arrangement and to the use of the latter as a programmable microfluidic analysis or synthesis unit or for locally cooling an adjoining microelectronic component or processor.
F04B 19/00 - "Machines" ou pompes ayant des caractéristiques particulières non prévues dans les groupes ou présentant un intérêt autre que celui visé par ces groupes
The invention relates to a device for measuring structures on an object, comprising a probe element (22) that is situated at the end of a probe extension (21), an optical sensor (10) for capturing an image of the probe element on a sensor field and an evaluation unit, which is used to calculate the structures from the position of the optical sensor in relation to the co-ordinate system of a co-ordinate measuring device and from the position of the probe element that has been measured using the optical sensor. The aim of the invention is to permits a determination that is as accurate as possible of a position or displacement, in particular when extremely small probes with dimensions ranging between 1 and 10 micrometers are used. To achieve this, a lens (23) is attached to the probe extension (21) between the optical sensor (10) and the probe element (22).
The invention relates to a device for measuring structures on an object, comprising a probe element (22) that is situated at the end of a probe extension (21), an optical sensor (10) for capturing an image of the probe element on a sensor field and an evaluation unit, which is used to calculate the structures from the position of the optical sensor in relation to the co-ordinate system of a co-ordinate measuring device and from the position of the probe element that has been measured using the optical sensor. The aim of the invention is to allow improved illumination of the areas surrounding the probe element and either to prevent the probe element from adhering to the wall of the object, or if adhesion occurs, to allow the probe element to be separated from the wall of the object. To achieve this, a fixing device (30) is attached around the probe extension (21), said fixing device comprising connections (37), to which accessories (31-34,39,39'), designed to fulfil the above requirements, are fixed.
The invention relates to a method for the highly sensitive detection of the presence of nucleic acids in an aqueous medium. It is an object of the invention to make possible the simple and at the same time highly sensitive detection of the presence of nucleic acids without interfering interactions of the electrodes with the aqueous medium taking place. This object is achieved by a method which comprises the following steps: a) introducing the aqueous medium in which the nucleic acids are present into a measuring volume (2) which comprises a volume of 10 fl to 1 쎽l, b) applying, to the measuring volume (2), an electromagnetic wave of a fixed frequency which is selected from the range of 10 kHz to 10 MHz via at least one pair of electrodes (3, 3') which is arranged in such a way that it is separated from the aqueous medium by an insulation layer (5), and c) recording the impedance.
C12Q 1/68 - Procédés de mesure ou de test faisant intervenir des enzymes, des acides nucléiques ou des micro-organismesCompositions à cet effetProcédés pour préparer ces compositions faisant intervenir des acides nucléiques
57.
MICRO-HEAT EXCHANGER AND THE USE THEREOF AS A FLUID COOLER FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
The invention relates to a micro-heat exchanger for the exchange of surface-specific heat quantities, said heat exchanger comprising a heat exchanging region, an admission channel structure (1), and a derivation channel structure (2), with respectively associated distribution volumes (5, 6) and an inlet and an outlet (7, 8) for at least one heat exchanging medium in the microheat exchanger, in addition to a number of passages (3) as the only connection for a heat exchanging medium between the supply channel structure and the derivation channel structure. The aim of the invention is to provide a fluidic micro-heat exchanger for the exchange of high surface-specific heat quantities, which is characterised by a low flow resistance for a fluidic tempering medium. To this end, a microheat exchanger is provided, wherein the supply channel structure and derivation channel structure for the heat exchanging medium are intertwined in an alternating sequence, the passages are arranged close to the heat exchanging region, and the supply channel structure, the derivation channel structure, and the passages extend over the entire heat exchanging region.
H01L 23/473 - Dispositions pour le refroidissement, le chauffage, la ventilation ou la compensation de la température impliquant le transfert de chaleur par des fluides en circulation par une circulation de liquides
58.
PROCESS FOR SOFTENING WATER USING A CATION EXCHANGER, AND REGENERATION THEREOF
The present invention relates to a process for softening water in an industrial reactor, in particular drinking water, using a weakly acidic cation exchanger, wherein the exchanger after taking up alkaline earth metal ions is regenerated by water which contains carbon dioxide dissolved under pressure.
Process for production and preparation of rapid pyrolysis products from biomass for pressurized entrained-flow gasification comprising heating the biomass in the absence of oxygen in a pyrolysis reactor, in which process a temperature between 400 and 600~C is established for one to 50 seconds and the biomass reacts to form porous pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate and pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis gases are removed and vaporous components of the pyrolysis condensate are condensed in a plurality of condensation stages, condensed components being separated off in each condensation stage. The object is to improve the process in such a manner that, in particular, the risk of unwanted separation of the pyrolysis condensate and/or slurry before entry into the pressurized entrained-flow gasifier is reduced. The object is achieved by a means that in the first condensation stage a coke-condensate mixture is separated off at temperatures above the dew point of water, and in at least one following condensation stage an aqueous solution, called low- temperature carbonization wastewater, of oxygenated organic compounds is condensed and separated at temperatures between 0~C and 90~C.
C10B 53/02 - Distillation destructive spécialement conçue pour des matières premières solides particulières ou sous forme spéciale de matières contenant de la cellulose
C10J 3/66 - Procédés avec décomposition des produits de la distillation en les introduisant dans la zone de gazéification
C10K 1/04 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par refroidissement en vue de condenser les matières non gazeuses
60.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION AND PREPARATION OF RAPID PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS FROM BIOMASS FOR PRESSURIZED ENTRAINED-FLOW GASIFICATION
Process for production and preparation of rapid pyrolysis products from biomass for pressurized entrained-flow gasification comprising heating the biomass in the absence of oxygen in a pyrolysis reactor, in which process a temperature between 400 and 600°C is established for one to 50 seconds and the biomass reacts to form porous pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate and pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis gases are removed and vaporous components of the pyrolysis condensate are condensed in a plurality of condensation stages, condensed components being separated off in each condensation stage. The object is to improve the process in such a manner that, in particular, the risk of unwanted separation of the pyrolysis condensate and/or slurry before entry into the pressurized entrained-flow gasifier is reduced. The object is achieved by a means that in the first condensation stage a coke-condensate mixture is separated off at temperatures above the dew point of water, and in at least one following condensation stage an aqueous solution, called low-temperature carbonization wastewater, of oxygenated organic compounds is condensed and separated at temperatures between 0°C and 90°C.
C10B 53/02 - Distillation destructive spécialement conçue pour des matières premières solides particulières ou sous forme spéciale de matières contenant de la cellulose
C10K 1/04 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par refroidissement en vue de condenser les matières non gazeuses
C10J 3/66 - Procédés avec décomposition des produits de la distillation en les introduisant dans la zone de gazéification
61.
PROCESS FOR THE SOLUTION CRYSTALLIZATION OF MIXTURES
Process for the solution crystallization of mixtures. The object is to propose a process which, without additives, is suitable for improving the winter stability of, in particular, biodiesel fuels even in the case of large quantities. The object is achieved by a process which comprises providing a liquid mixture (2) comprising at least one subcomponent having an elevated melting point, taking a substream (9) from the mixture (2), feeding the substream to a heat exchanger (16), with the substream flowing through the heat exchanger, cooling the substream in the heat exchanger to a temperature below a crystal formation temperature of only the subcomponents of the mixture, with the temperature being set so that crystals (19) of the subcomponents form in the substream directly at the outlet from the heat exchanger (16), mixing the substream comprising the crystals into the mixture (2), with the crystals selectively binding further substances in the mixture by crystal growth, and sedimenting and separating off the crystals in the mixture.
In the electrostatic ionisation stage of an electrostatic elimination device for cleaning up a gaseous stream of an aerosol that passes through said device, the free end of the respective high-voltage electrode is exposed downstream of the nozzle and the wall of the casing is permeable to the gaseous stream that passes through the ionisation stage. The casing consists of a lattice, or a perforated metal sheet or rods that are equidistantly spaced, both ends of said casing terminating in a respective retaining ring.
The invention relates to a method for producing an article comprising at least one autonomous part which is positioned such that it can move in relation to a fixing part. To this end, a die is first provided which has a cavity for each of the parts to be moulded, and these cavities are each filled with a curable or solidifying moulding composition which contains a pulverulent sintering material and a binder. After the moulding composition has been left to solidify, the part to be moulded respectively forms in each cavity and is then demoulded from said cavity. The demoulded parts are then inserted into a fixing part, as a result of which the article is formed, and this article is then subjected to a heat treatment in such a way that the at least one part can be moved in relation to the fixing part. In order to produce an article comprising at least two autonomous parts which are connected such that they can move in relation to one another and are positioned in relation to one another in a fixing part, a die is provided which also has a separating plane which separates the die into two die halves, and in which die the cavities for the parts are arranged such that they are separated from one another, in each case alternately, in one of the two die halves.
B22F 3/22 - Fabrication de pièces ou d'objets à partir de poudres métalliques, caractérisée par le mode de compactage ou de frittageAppareils spécialement adaptés à cet effet pour la fabrication de pièces par coulée en moule poreux ou absorbant, c.-à-d. par coulée d'une suspension de poudre métallique dans un moule poreux, d'une façon analogue au coulage de la barbotine
B22F 5/00 - Fabrication de pièces ou d'objets à partir de poudres métalliques caractérisée par la forme particulière du produit à réaliser
B22F 7/06 - Fabrication de couches composites, de pièces ou d'objets à base de poudres métalliques, par frittage avec ou sans compactage de pièces ou objets composés de parties différentes, p. ex. pour former des outils à embouts rapportés
B29C 45/00 - Moulage par injection, c.-à-d. en forçant un volume déterminé de matière à mouler par une buse d'injection dans un moule ferméAppareils à cet effet
64.
MODIFIED CARBON NANOPARTICLES, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND USE THEREOF
The present invention relates to novel carbon nanoparticles, more particularly carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanotubes, which are modified by means of acyl groups, a novel method for obtaining said modified carbon nanoparticles, more particularly carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanotubes, and the use of the modified carbon nanoparticles, more particularly carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanotubes.
A two-material atomizing device for atomizing a liquid in a gas stream, comprising a liquid supply (1) with a nozzle opening (3), a gas supply (4) arranged around the liquid supply, the nozzle opening ending in the gas supply, a rotationally symmetrical mixing channel (5) as an axial extension of the liquid supply and having an outlet opening (6), a concentric gas branch (8) from the gas supply (4) upstream of the nozzle opening (3) and an annular injection opening (11) at the outlet opening (6), which is connected to the gas branch. The object is to propose a universally usable two-material atomizing device that also allows adaptation to boundary conditions changing during continuous operation. The object is achieved by means for adjusting the cross section of the injection opening (11) being provided.
B05B 7/04 - Pistolets pulvérisateursAppareillages pour l'évacuation avec des dispositifs permettant le mélange de liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides avant l'évacuation
The invention relates to a device for re-producing accommodation capacity comprising a) at least one optical system (3), b) at least one contactless information detection system (8) for the ciliary muscle, either with acoustic or optical agents for detecting a ciliary body movement, or comprising agents which are used to detect a spatial orientation of both eyeballs in relation to each other, or with agents which are used to measure the width of the pupil and a light density at least on one eye as an endogenic control signal for the accommodation, c) at least one information processing system for generating a control signal for the optical system from the detected endogenic control signals d) at least one energy supply system (10) and e) at least one securing system (22).
A61B 5/11 - Mesure du mouvement du corps entier ou de parties de celui-ci, p. ex. tremblement de la tête ou des mains ou mobilité d'un membre
A61B 3/113 - Appareils pour l'examen optique des yeuxAppareils pour l'examen clinique des yeux du type à mesure objective, c.-à-d. instruments pour l'examen des yeux indépendamment des perceptions ou des réactions du patient pour déterminer ou enregistrer le mouvement de l'œil
Disclosed is a method for rapidly pyrolyzing lignocellulose. The aim of the invention is to create an improved rapid lignocellulose pyrolysis method which above all substantially reduces the risk of the pyrolysis condensate and the pyrolysis coke being accidentally contaminated by dust. Said aim is achieved by a method comprising the following steps: the lignocellulose (1) is mechanically reduced (2) to lignocellulose particles (3); the lignocellulose particles (3) are completely dried and/or preheated; the lignocellulose particles are mixed (5) with heat transferring particles so as to obtain a mixture, said heat transferring particles (6) being heated to a temperature ranging between 500 °C and 650 °C before being mixed; and the lignocellulose particles are heated without oxygen by means of the heat transferring particles in a pyrolysis reactor. During said last step, a temperature ranging between 400 °C and 600 °C is obtained for one to 50 seconds while the lignocellulose particles react to pyrolysis coke (8), pyrolysis condensate (9), and pyrolysis gas (11).
C10B 49/20 - Distillation destructive des matières carbonées solides par chauffage direct au moyen d'agents porteurs de chaleur, y compris la combustion partielle de la matière à traiter avec des porteurs de chaleur solides, mobiles, sous forme divisée sous forme dispersée
C10B 53/02 - Distillation destructive spécialement conçue pour des matières premières solides particulières ou sous forme spéciale de matières contenant de la cellulose
The invention relates to a method for production of a hydrogen storage material which comprises a metal hydride and a non-hydrogenated material and which is doped with a metal as catalyst, having the steps: a) mixing a catalyst precursor which contains the metal with the non-hydrogenated material and if appropriate a solvent, and stirring this mixture, b) heat-treating the mixture, as a result of which the metal from the catalyst precursor forms a composite with the non-hydrogenated material, c) mixing the composite with the metal hydride and grinding the mixture, whereupon the hydrogen storage material is obtained. The method according to the invention permits the use of inexpensive TiCl4 as catalyst precursor for production of a hydrogen storage material, the loading and discharging kinetics of which correspond to those of a hydrogen storage material which was produced using the same amount of the much more expensive TiCl3 as catalyst precursor.
The invention relates to a method for producing a belite-based binder consisting in reacting a starting material consisting of calcium oxide CaO and silicon oxide SiO2 at the Ca: Si molar ration of approximately 2:1 with an a-dicalcium silicate hydrate crystallisation seeds, in hydrothermally treating the thus modified starting material at a temperature ranging from 100 to 300 °C, wherein said material is substentially converted into an intermediate &agr;-dicalcium silicate hydrate material, in drying said intermediate material at a temperature of 500-1000 °C and in subsequently cooling it in such a way that a desired belite-based binder is separated. The use of the crystallisation seeds makes it possible to reduce the reaction time and to increase the conversion rate. The starting material can be embodied in the form of waste residues. The inventive method is carried out at low temperatures and with a low mechanical energy consumption. When it is possible to use an already decarbonated starting material, said method reduces a CO2 emission in a construction material area.
C04B 7/345 - Ciments hydrauliques non prévus par l'un des groupes
C04B 28/18 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p. ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates contenant des mélanges du type chaux et silice
The invention relates to an apparatus for filling receptacles in parallel (e.g. microtiter plates of any size, Eppendorf reaction vessels, or cartridges) or for coating planar surfaces (optionally comprising cavities or wells) such as glass supports, e.g. object supports, membranes, wafers, or similar. The inventive apparatus encompasses a frame (1) with outlets (1a), a movable portioning plate (2) with bores (3), and a bottom plate (4) with outlets (4a). Also disclosed is a method for filling receptacles.
B01L 99/00 - Matière non prévue dans les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
G01F 11/40 - Appareils qu'il faut actionner de l'extérieur, adaptés à chaque opération répétée et identique, pour mesurer et séparer le volume prédéterminé d'un fluide ou d'un matériau solide fluent à partir d'une alimentation ou d'un récipient sans tenir compte du poids, et pour fournir ce volume avec des chambres de mesure fixes ayant un volume constant au cours du mesurage avec des soupapes d'admission ou de décharge du type à tiroir se déplaçant d'une manière rectiligne pour un matériau solide fluent
71.
DEVICE FOR AFFINITY SEPARATING BY MEANS OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES
The invention relates to a device for affinity separating by means of magnetic particles. The aim of the invention is to provide a device wherein the handling of magnetic microsorbents for separating in a preparatory manner and on a large scale is simple and efficient, and also, in particular amounts, and especially for use in suspensions comprising biological substances having fundamentally, reinforced adhesion. Said aim is achieved by virtue of the fact that the device comprises a non-magnetic separator container (1) which is provided with a separation chamber (9) having at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet, a deposition matrix for magnetic particles in the separation chamber which comprises bulk material (2) which is made of similar magnetic moulding bodies, a magnetic field (3) whereon the deposition matrix works and means for circulating the bulk material.
G01N 33/543 - Tests immunologiquesTests faisant intervenir la formation de liaisons biospécifiquesMatériaux à cet effet avec un support insoluble pour l'immobilisation de composés immunochimiques
B03C 1/01 - Prétraitement spécialement adapté à la séparation magnétique par addition d'agents magnétiques
72.
CLADDING TUBES MADE OF FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC OR AUSTENITIC STEEL FOR NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENTS/FUELS AND METHOD FOR SUBSEQUENTLY TREATING A FECRA PROTECTIVE LAYER THEREON THAT IS SUITED FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES
Cladding tubes made of ferritic/martensitic or austenitic steel for nuclear fuel elements/fuels are provided with an LPPS- FeCrAl layer on the coolant side, this layer being remelted on and melted onto the cladding tube by means of pulsed electron beams. This enables molten lead or molten lead alloys serving as a metallic coolant having a temperature of up to 800 °C to be contacted in a problem-free manner.
C23C 4/12 - Revêtement par pulvérisation du matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu, p. ex. par pulvérisation à l'aide d'une flamme, d'un plasma ou d'une décharge électrique caractérisé par le procédé de pulvérisation
C23C 4/08 - Matériaux métalliques ne contenant que des éléments métalliques
C23C 26/02 - Revêtements non prévus par les groupes par application au substrat de matériaux fondus
73.
MEASURING CELL AND METHOD CARRIED OUT USING SAID MEASURING CELL FOR DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF DISSOCIATION OF BIOLOGICAL CELLS INDUCED BY ELECTROPORATION
The invention relates to a measuring cell for determining the degree of dissociation of biological cells induced by electroporation, which cell is adapted for resistive/capacitative measuring or for inductive measuring. The inventive method using said measuring cell comprises the following steps: The measuring cell is subjected to a time-variable current and a time-variable voltage by means of a signal generator. The current through the measuring cell and the voltage applied to the measuring cell are measured at a selected frequency or a selected frequency range and the phase angle between the measured current and voltage is determined using an electronic signal processing device.
G01N 33/483 - Analyse physique de matériau biologique
G01N 27/08 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'emploi de moyens électriques, électrochimiques ou magnétiques en recherchant l'impédance en recherchant la résistance d'un liquide qui coule sans interruption
G01N 27/02 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'emploi de moyens électriques, électrochimiques ou magnétiques en recherchant l'impédance
74.
METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS TRIGGERED OPERATION OF A MARX GENERATOR, PARTICULARLY OF SEVERAL MARX GENERATORS, FOR PRESSURE REGULATION AND EROSION DETECTION IN THE SPARK GAPS
The invention relates to the continuous triggered operation of a Marx generator, particularly several Marx generators in the optimal operating point over a longer period of time for the purpose of pressure regulation and erosion detection in the spark gaps. An overvoltage that increases with time is superposed on at least one spark gap of a Marx generator, said overvoltage leading to the breakdown of the spark gap. The overvoltage value at the time of breakdown is determined and used for regulating the pressure in the spark gap tower and/or the distance of the caps. The distance is determined from the relation between the breakdown voltage, the pressure in the tower and the distance between the gaps of the triggered spark gap, the breakdown voltage and pressure being known, and used for erosion detection. In the case of adjustable caps, erosion detection is achieved on the basis of a measurement of the displacement path in addition to the voltage and pressure measurement. The ignition delay of each Marx generator is measured for the purpose of a temporally defined triggering of at least two Marx generators. The signals are triggered in a temporally graduated manner in such a way that the initial voltages or initial currents of all Marx generators increase within a structurally conditioned scattering range at the respective desired moments.
H03K 3/537 - Générateurs caractérisés par le type de circuit ou par les moyens utilisés pour produire des impulsions par l'utilisation d'un élément accumulant de l'énergie déchargé dans une charge par un dispositif interrupteur commandé par un signal extérieur et ne comportant pas de réaction positive le dispositif de commutation étant un éclateur
The invention relates to a method for producing an organometallic layer, organometallic layers produced by this method, and the use thereof. For carrying out the method, a substrate having atoms of an oxidizable metal at least at its surface is provided and is exposed to a fluid comprising organic molecules having at least two functional groups which contain elements of main group VI, as a result of which the organometallic layer forms on the substrate by virtue of the metal atoms bonding with the organic molecules. Preferably patterned organometallic layers produced by this method are used as a metal-insulator or metal-semiconductor for microelectronics or nanoelectronics, as a resist or masking layer in lithography or as a photonic crystal, and also as a nonlinear optical layer, preferably as an optical waveguide.
B05D 1/18 - Procédés pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides aux surfaces par immersion
B05D 3/06 - Traitement préalable des surfaces sur lesquelles des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides doivent être appliquésTraitement ultérieur des revêtements appliqués, p. ex. traitement intermédiaire d'un revêtement déjà appliqué, pour préparer les applications ultérieures de liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides par exposition à des rayonnements
B05D 1/32 - Procédés pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides aux surfaces en utilisant des moyens pour protéger des parties de surface à ne pas recouvrir, p. ex. en se servant de stencils, d'enduits de protection
76.
WET ELECTROSTATIC IONISING STEP IN AN ELECTROSTATIC DEPOSITION DEVICE
The invention relates to a wet electrostatic ionising step in an electrostatic deposition device for the purification of an aerosol of a gas from the finely-dispersed particles carried along therewith, comprising a plate connected to an earth potential or a relative counter-potential, arranged over the open cross-section of a flow channel section and a number of similar openings for the throughflow of the gas for purification. A high-voltage grid, arranged downstream in the gas flow with electrical insulation over the open cross-section is connected to a high voltage source via a duct in the wall of the channel section. A number of rod-like high voltage electrodes corresponding to the openings are fixed with the free end thereof to the high-voltage grid and all extend with the free end thereof through an opening/nozzle of the plate. A disc of electrically conducting material sits on each free end, parallel to the plate without contacting the same.
The invention relates to an apparatus for attenuating reflections of an electromagnetic wave impinging on the apparatus, which apparatus is applied to a substrate and comprises a layer consisting of a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material, into which a structure is introduced in such a way that beneath it there is a continuous layer consisting of the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material, as a result of which the structured layer has at least two resonant frequencies which are different than one another. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such an apparatus and to its use for shielding electronic components.
The characteristic analysis of erosion of NB31 carbon fibre composite enables the proposal of a novel carbon-fibre composite structure having a distinctly reduced erosion rate. Improvement only relates to the arrangement of the sewing and web fibres and to maintaining the structure of the pitch/carbon fibres, which consist of the main NB31 heat conducting components. The sewing and web fibres of the improved structure reinforce the rigidness/reinforce the thermal shield, compared to the NB31. The improved structure improves the erosion rate so it is 4 - 5 times lower compared to that of NB31.
C04B 35/83 - Fibres de carbone dans une matrice carbonée
H05H 1/12 - Dispositions pour confiner le plasma au moyen de champs électriques ou magnétiquesDispositions pour chauffer le plasma utilisant uniquement des champs magnétiques appliqués dans lesquels l'enceinte forme une boucle fermée
The invention relates to a method for producing components based on calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H-phases). Said method consists of the following steps: a) an aqueous suspension made of solids, which contains calcium oxide CaO and silicon dioxide SiO2, is produced, the molar ratio Ca: Si being a value selected from between 0.5:1.0 to 2.5:1.0, b) the aqueous suspension is ground without increasing the temperature to higher than 100 °C, thus forming nanocrystalline C-S-H-phases, c) the aqueous phase is separated, d) the residual, which contains the nanocrystalline C-S-H-phases, is extracted and dried and a powdery product is obtained, e) the dried powder is filled into a mould and impinged upon with pressure and then the powder is compressed into a structural component, f) the mould is removed. The inventive method is used to synthesise nanocrystalline cement hydrate phases having a specifically adapted surface charge, for producing completely hydrated C-S-H-phases having defined compositions and surface charges as base material for producing binding agents and for producing totally hydrated, dried cement hydrates as initial material for binding a structural component which is to be bound to cement.
C04B 28/18 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p. ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates contenant des mélanges du type chaux et silice
The invention relates to a mixer system for mixing at least two fluids. The aim of the invention is to provide a mixer system having an improved mixing efficiency and simultaneous increased fluid flow rate at equal or lower pressure loss. For this purpose, the mixer system comprises a plurality of micromixers (7) that are of the same kind and that are fluidically connected in parallel. The micromixers are integrated into a guide matrix and are fluidically connected via feed lines (11) for the fluids to be mixed.
The invention relates to a thin ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic layer that is applied to a substrate and comprises at least one elongate slot for adjusting the domain structure in the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material. The depth of said slot matches the thickness of the layer while the width thereof is greater than the exchange length of the material. The slot is mounted so as not to touch the side of the layer. The invention further relates to methods for producing such a layer and the use thereof in magnetoelectronic or spintronic components.
H01F 41/34 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour appliquer un matériau conducteur, isolant ou magnétique sur une pellicule magnétique selon des configurations particulières, p. ex. par lithographie
82.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING STRUCTURES OF AN OBJECT
Method for measuring structures of an object (41) by means of a feeling element (11) which, proceeding from a feeler extension (12), is assigned to a coordinate measuring unit, in which: a) the feeling element (11) is brought into contact with the object (41), b) an image of the feeling element (11) is recorded on a sensor array (28) of an optical sensor, and c) the optical position of the feeling element (11) is determined by combining coordinates of the image (31) of the feeling element (11) with those of the coordinate measuring unit, in which case d) from a region of the image (31) - which is at least partially shaded by the object (41) - of the feeling element (11) on the sensor array (28), the optical centroid (32) of the at least partially shaded image (31) of the feeling element (11) on the sensor array (28) is determined, e) said centroid is compared with the optical centroid of the image (31) of the feeling element (11) on the sensor array (28) that is not shaded by the object (41) given the same distance between the feeling element (11) and the optical sensor, f) the difference between the two optical centroids is determined from this, and g) the physical position of the feeling element (11) is determined from the optical position of the image (31) of the feeling element (11) on the sensor array (28) and the difference between the two optical centroids.
G01B 21/04 - Dispositions pour la mesure ou leurs détails, où la technique de mesure n'est pas couverte par les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe, est non spécifiée ou est non significative pour mesurer la longueur, la largeur ou l'épaisseur en mesurant les coordonnées de points
83.
METHOD FOR INCREASING THE PACKAGE THROUGHPUT IN ROTARY KILN PLANTS
It is an object of the invention to propose a method for increasing the throughput of packages of waste material of high calorific value in rotary kiln plants. The object is achieved by means of the following method steps: providing a rotary kiln plant having a rotary kiln (4) as a combustion chamber (1), wherein the rotary kiln opens out at one rotary kiln end (9) into a post-combustion chamber (2) having at least one post-combustion chamber burner (12) which has at least one gas supply and an exhaust gas line; introducing packages and oxygen-containing gas into the combustion chamber; combustion of the packages in the rotating rotary kiln (4); and discharging flue gas out of the combustion chamber into the post-combustion chamber (2) for post-combustion, wherein the combustion progress is continually detected by means of visual measurements in the rotary kiln and is taken into consideration as a closed-loop control parameter for closed-loop control of the combustion conditions in the rotary kiln and in the post-combustion chamber.
F23G 5/16 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets ou de combustibles pauvres comportant un chauffage supplémentaire comportant une combustion secondaire dans une chambre de combustion séparée
84.
HEAD-END PROCESS FOR THE REPROCESSING OF REACTOR CORE MATERIAL
THE EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY (EURATOM), represented by THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION (Belgique)
FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM KARLSRUHE GMBH (Allemagne)
Inventeur(s)
Fütterer, Michael, A.
Bluhm, Hansjoachim
Hoppe, Peter
Singer, Josef
Abrégé
In a head-end process for the reprocessing of reactor core material with embedded fuel particles, reactor core material is arranged in a reactor containing a fluid. The reactor comprises a voltage discharge installation in the fluid. Voltage discharges are applied through the fluid for fragmenting the fuel particles into fragmentation products and the fragmentation products are segregated.
The invention relates to a method for reducing digital data which can be obtained with an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) pig. Said method increases the fidelity of reproduction compared to traditional methods, without increasing and/or without significantly increasing the amount of data which is to be memorised. Said method enables, after the testing step, the ultrasonic envelopes to be reconstructed without a significant loss of information, from the data which is recorded in a reduced manner. Said method evaluates the size of the enveloping by method groups in order to determine the size. The size determination is discriminated in the quality thereof by the method groups in order to determine the signal base.
F16L 55/26 - Hérissons ou chariots, c.-à-d. dispositifs pouvant se déplacer dans un tuyau ou dans une conduite et portant ou non un moyen de propulsion autonome
G01N 29/07 - Analyse de solides en mesurant la vitesse de propagation ou le temps de propagation des ondes acoustiques
G01N 29/11 - Analyse de solides en mesurant l'atténuation des ondes acoustiques
G01N 29/40 - Détection du signal de réponse par filtrage en amplitude, p. ex. par application d'un seuil
G01N 29/44 - Traitement du signal de réponse détecté
The invention relates to a method for reducing digital data which can be obtained with an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) pig. Said method increases the fidelity of reproduction compared to traditional methods, without increasing and/or without significantly increasing the amount of data which is to be memorised. Said method enables, after the testing step, the ultrasonic envelopes to be reconstructed without a significant loss of information, from the data which is recorded in a reduced manner. Said method evaluates the size of the enveloping by method groups in order to determine the size. The size determination is discriminated in the quality thereof by the method groups in order to determine the signal base.
G01N 29/40 - Détection du signal de réponse par filtrage en amplitude, p. ex. par application d'un seuil
G01N 29/07 - Analyse de solides en mesurant la vitesse de propagation ou le temps de propagation des ondes acoustiques
G01N 29/11 - Analyse de solides en mesurant l'atténuation des ondes acoustiques
G01N 29/44 - Traitement du signal de réponse détecté
F16L 55/26 - Hérissons ou chariots, c.-à-d. dispositifs pouvant se déplacer dans un tuyau ou dans une conduite et portant ou non un moyen de propulsion autonome
87.
MOLDED BODY, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE BODY AND USE THEREOF
GESELLSCHAFT FUER SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG MBH (Allemagne)
Inventeur(s)
Giselbrecht, Stefan
Truckenmueller, Roman
Trautmann, Christina
Abrégé
The invention relates to a moulded body, consisting of a film with a film thickness of between 1 $g(m)m and 1,000 $g(m)m, in which at least one hollow structure is configured, whose external diameter is at least double the value of the film thickness, whose maximum height is double the value of the external diameter, whose wall thickness lies between 0.02 times the film thickness and the film thickness and whose local radius of curvature lies between 0.2 times and 5 times the wall thickness. According to the invention, the film and the hollow structure or structures have a plurality of preferably statistically distributed pores, whose diameter preferably ranges between nm and 10 $g(m)m. The invention also relates to a method for producing said moulded bodies and to their use as filters or atomizers, housings for microstructured parts, for immobilizing inorganic or organic molecules, biomolecules, prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, for cultivating prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells and as biosensors or bioreactors.
In a high-gradient magnetic separator for the selective separation of magnetic particles from a suspension which is conducted through a matrix of plate-like separation structures of a magnetic material which are disposed in a magnetic field and through which the suspension is conducted, alternate plates of the separation structures are movable relative to the other plates which are stationary and are all mounted on a carrier by which they can be moved relative to the stationary plates at least during cleaning of the plates for the removal of magnetic particles collected on the plates.
The assembly of an electrodynamic fractionating unit, for the fragmentation, milling or suspension of a brittle, mineral process material is disclosed. The energy store (1) including the output switch/ spark gap (2) thereof, the electrodes (5) including the supply line and the reaction vessel (3) are each arranged at least within the protection of the electrically necessary insulating separation of regions of differing electrical potential, completely enclosed in a volume of the encapsulation (6), having electrically-conducting walls. The wall thickness of the encapsulation is at least equivalent to the penetration depth, corresponding to the lowest components of the Fourier spectrum of the pulsed electromagnetic field. The electrode at reference potential is connected to the ground side of the energy store through the encapsulation wall. The electrode at high voltage is connected by the shortest path to the output switch on the energy store.
In a high gradient magnetic separator with a separation zone consisting of a matrix of parallel magnetic wires arranged in parallel planes and channels formed by a non-magnetic material and extending in each plane between adjacent parallel magnetic wires for conducting a fluid including magnetic particles through the matrix, and a magnetizing structure disposed adjacent the matrix for generating a magnetic field with field lines which extend essentially normal to the parallel planes, separating walls are disposed in parts of the channels in the area ahead of the end of the magnetic field generated in the matrix and adjacent the flow exit end of the matrix so as to extend parallel to the planes and normal to the magnetic field lines and form partial flow channels receiving partial fluid flows of magnetic particle-enriched and, respectively, magnetic particle-depleted flow volumes.
brevets
