An evaporator surface structure of a circulating fluidized bed boiler having a furnace that is enclosed by sidewalls and has a bottom and a ceiling. The evaporator surface structure includes at least one vertical and separate evaporator surface unit that is spaced apart from the sidewalls of the furnace. The at least one evaporator surface unit (i) is formed of planar water tube panels that extend from the bottom of the furnace to the ceiling of the furnace, and (ii) consists of two cross-wise joined vertical water tube panels.
F22B 21/20 - Chaudières à tubes d'eau du type vertical ou semi-vertical, c.-à-d. où les faisceaux de tubes d'eau sont disposés verticalement ou pratiquement à la verticale composées de tubes d'eau pratiquement droits comportant des collecteurs sectionnels ou subdivisés en disposition séparée pour chaque faisceau de tubes d'eau
F22B 29/06 - Chaudières à vapeur du type à circulation forcée du type à circulation ouverte, c.-à-d. composées de tubes admettant de l'eau à une extrémité et dégageant de la vapeur surchauffée à l'autre extrémité
A fluidized bed heat exchanger (10) of a fluidized bed boiler (12), the heat exchanger comprising a front wall (16) adjacent the fluidized bed boiler, a rear wall (18) opposite to the front wall and two side walls (60,60'), the walls being formed as water tube panels, an inlet opening (24) arranged in a first section of an upper portion of the heat exchanger for introducing hot particles from the fluidized bed boiler to the heat exchanger, heat exchange surfaces (34) for recovering heat from the particles and an outlet opening (36) arranged in a second section of the upper portion of the heat exchanger for returning cooled particles as an overflow from the heat exchanger back to the fluidized bed boiler, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a partition wall (26) between the first (38) and second (40) sections of the upper portion of the heat exchanger, wherein the partition wall extends from the front wall to a center section of the heat exchanger, and the partition wall is formed by bending water tubes from at least one side wall (60, 60') of the heat exchanger.
F23C 10/00 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23C 10/18 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules Parties constitutivesAccessoires
3.
CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH AN AIR PREHEATER SYSTEM
A circulating fluidized bed boiler with an air preheater system,comprising a furnace for combusting particulate solid fuel with primary air injected to the furnace through a bottom grid and secondary air injected to the furnace through walls of the furnace; a flue gas channel connected to the furnace for discharging flue gas and particles entrained therewith from the furnace, a particle separator for separating particles from the flue gas;a return duct for returning separated particles from the particle separator to the furnace;and a fluidized bed heat exchange chamber for recovering heat from particles conducted therein from the furnace, the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber comprising inlet means for conducting particles from the furnace to the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber;outlet means for conducting particles from the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber back to the furnace;and means for injecting second fluidizing gas to the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber, wherein the air preheater system comprises a primary air preheater arranged in a first portion of the flue gas channel for preheating the primary air and secondary air and an air preheater for preheating the second fluidizing air arranged in a second portion of the flue gas channel, which second portion of the flue gas channel is connected in parallel with the first portion of the flue gas channel.
An expansion joint and a method of forming an expansion joint in a vertical channel suitable for conducting hot particles, the expansion joint comprising an upper channel portion and a lower channel portion sealingly connected by a flexible element connected on the outer side of the vertical channel, wherein the upper channel portion comprises a lower end portion with a lower edge and the lower channel portion comprises an upper end portion with a horizontally extending upper plane,wherein in a predetermined vertical level range the upper end portion telescopically overlaps the lower end portion in a spaced relationship to permit relative axial and lateral movements of the upper and lower channel portions, whereby the upper plane is at a higher level than the lower edge, and on the upper plane is arranged a sealing ring comprising mutually connected sealing blocks positioned on an outer circumference of the lower end portion.
A method for measuring alkalihalide content of flue gas. The method comprises generating a light beam (170), wherein the light beam (170) comprises photons having a first wavelength (λ1), guiding the light beam (170) to a first optical path (160), wherein the first optical path (160) runs through a space (110) containing the flue gas, whereby the light beam (170) is attenuated to an attenuated light beam (175) and detecting a first value indicative of a first intensity (Ik0) of the attenuated light beam (175). The method further comprises generating a light pulse (710), wherein the light pulse (710) comprises photons having a second wavelength (λ2), dissociating at least part of the alkalihalide molecules (510) on the first optical path (160) to alkali atoms (520) and halogen atoms (525), using the light pulse (710), wherein the light beam (170) is further attenuated to an attenuated light beam (175) by absorption to the alkali atoms (520) on the first optical path (160), detecting a second value indicative of a second intensity (Ik) of the attenuated light beam (175), and determining, using the first value and the second value, the alkalihalide content of the flue gas. Furthermore, a device (990) for measuring alkalihalide content of flue gas by performing the method. Still further, a boiler (100) comprising the device (990).
G01N 21/31 - CouleurPropriétés spectrales, c.-à-d. comparaison de l'effet du matériau sur la lumière pour plusieurs longueurs d'ondes ou plusieurs bandes de longueurs d'ondes différentes en recherchant l'effet relatif du matériau pour les longueurs d'ondes caractéristiques d'éléments ou de molécules spécifiques, p. ex. spectrométrie d'absorption atomique
G01N 21/63 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau analysé est excité de façon à ce qu'il émette de la lumière ou qu'il produise un changement de la longueur d'onde de la lumière incidente excité optiquement
G01J 3/42 - Spectrométrie d'absorptionSpectrométrie à double faisceauSpectrométrie par scintillementSpectrométrie par réflexion
A steam generation boiler having a reaction chamber formed by a bottom portion in a lower portion, a roof portion at an upper portion, and walls extending vertically between the bottom portion and the roof portion. The walls include vertical end walls having a tapering wall section that tapers symmetrically with respect to its middle axis towards the bottom portion, in which (i) a first group of steam pipes in the tapering wall section including steam pipes on both sides of the middle axis, pass at an angle with respect to the middle axis in a wall plane of the tapering wall section, and from the wall plane into the reaction chamber, and (ii) a second group of steam pipes arranged to pass to the bottom portion along the wall plane.
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23C 10/18 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules Parties constitutivesAccessoires
F22B 29/06 - Chaudières à vapeur du type à circulation forcée du type à circulation ouverte, c.-à-d. composées de tubes admettant de l'eau à une extrémité et dégageant de la vapeur surchauffée à l'autre extrémité
The invention relates to an arrangement in a boiler system (10) for drying fuel material to be com-busted in the boiler system, comprising: a combustion chamber (12) in the boiler system, an ash removal conduit (14) connected to the combustion chamber for leading ash out of the combustion chamber, flue gas conduit (16) connected to the combustion chamber (12) for leading the flue gases out of the combustion chamber, flue gas heat recovery system (18) arranged to the flue gas conduit for recovering heat from the flue gases, a fuel dryer (20) provided with first heat transfer means (22) for transferring heat into the fuel to be dried, a first heat transfer circuit (24) comprising the first heat transfer means (22), a first circulation conduit (26) and a second heat transfer means (28), the second heat transfer means being arranged in connection with the flue gas conduit (16) downstream the flue gas heat recovery system (18). The arrangement further comprises a second heat transfer circuit (30) comprising a second circulation conduit (32), a third heat transfer means (34) and a fourth heat transfer means (36); and the third heat transfer means (34) is arranged in connection with the ash removal conduit (14) and the fourth heat transfer means (36) is arranged in heat transfer connection with the fuel dryer (20).
F23G 5/04 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets ou de combustibles pauvres comportant un traitement préalable consistant en un séchage
F23K 1/04 - Réchauffage du combustible avant son introduction dans l'appareil à combustion
8.
CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER HAVING TWO EXTERNAL HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HOT SOLIDS FLOW
The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler (10)comprising a furnace (12), a solids separator (16),a gas seal (52), a first fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (72), and a second fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (74), the first fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (72) being positioned above the second fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (74),wherein the cooled solids are taken from the first heat exchange chamber (72) to the lower portion of the furnace (12), and the second heat exchange chamber (72) is located between the lower ends of the return channels (86) from the first heat exchange chamber (74).
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23C 10/26 - Dispositifs pour enlever de la matière du lit combinés avec des dispositifs pour réintroduire partiellement de la matière dans le lit, p. ex. après séparation des éléments agglomérés
F23C 10/04 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion
F23C 10/32 - Dispositifs de commande spécialement adaptés aux appareils de combustion à lit fluidisé pour commander le niveau du lit ou la quantité de matière dans le lit en réglant le taux de recirculation des particules séparées des gaz de fumée
The invention relates to a method of operating an oxycombustion CFB boiler (10) comprising a furnace (12) having a grid (26) at its bottom section, a solid material separator (16) connected to the upper part of the furnace and an external solid material handling system (20,21), the method comprising steps of arranging a circulating fluidized bed in the oxycombustion CFB boiler (10), introducing an oxidant gas into the CFB boiler through the grid (26) as fluidizing gas, the fluidizing gas com- prising recirculating flue gas, introducing fuel material (22) into the circulating fluidized bed, introducing sulphur reducing agent (24) comprising CaCO3 into the circulating fluidized bed, circulating solid material out of the furnace providing an external circulation of solid material by the external solid material handling system, fluidizing the solid material in the external solid material handling system by introducing fluidizing medium comprising recirculating flue gas into the external solid material handling system. In the method,a predetermined amount of steam (44) is introduced into the external solid material handling system as a component of the fluidization medium for fluidizing the solid material replacing recirculating flue gas in the fluidizing medium.
F23C 10/04 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion
F23L 7/00 - Alimentation du foyer en liquides ou gaz non combustibles autres que l'air, p. ex. oxygène, vapeur d'eau
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
The present invention relates to an arrangement (10) for gasifying solid fuel which arrangement comprises a gasification reactor (12, 12') for producing further oxidizable product gas from solid fuel and a gas treatment reactor (20) arranged in flow direction of the product gas in gas flow connection with of the gasification reactor, said gas treatment reactor comprising means for supplying oxygenous gas to the gas treatment reactor (20) for partial oxidization of product gas and for thermal cracking thereof. A radiation heat exchange cooler (41) of the product gas is arranged in connection with the gas treatment reactor to solidify melt components in the product gas and a discharge connection (46) is arranged in the lower portion of the radiation heat exchange cooler for removing solidified melt components from the radiation heat exchange cooler. The invention also relates to a method of gasifying solid fuel in a gasification reactor (12, 12').
C10J 3/84 - Moyens d'extraction des gaz avec moyens de dépoussiérage ou de dégoudronnage du gaz
C10B 47/24 - Distillation destructive des matières carbonées solides avec chauffage indirect, p. ex. par combustion externe avec charge mouvante sous forme dispersée selon la technique du "lit fluidisé"
F23G 5/027 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets ou de combustibles pauvres comportant un traitement préalable par pyrolyse ou par gazéification
C10K 1/04 - Purification des gaz combustibles contenant de l'oxyde de carbone par refroidissement en vue de condenser les matières non gazeuses
F28D 1/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur comportant des ensembles de canalisations fixes pour une seule des sources de potentiel calorifique, les deux sources étant en contact chacune avec un côté de la paroi de la canalisation, dans lesquels l'autre source de potentiel calorifique est une grande masse de fluide, p. ex. radiateurs domestiques ou de moteur de voiture
F23J 3/00 - Enlèvement des résidus solides se trouvant dans les passages ou dans les chambres situés au delà du foyer, p. ex. dans les conduits de fumée par souffleurs de suie
A fluidized bed reactor includes a bottom portion, a roof portion, and side walls vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion, forming a reaction chamber of the reactor. At least one side wall of the reaction chamber forms at least one vertical indentation in the reaction chamber, which indentation extends from the plane of the at least one side wall towards the reaction chamber. The indentation extending from the plane of the at least one side wall towards the reaction chamber is formed of a portion of the at least one side wall, protruding from the plane of the at least one side wall towards the reaction chamber, and the portion of the at least one side wall includes at least two substantially vertical indenting wall portions deviating from the plane of the at least one side wall at vertical lines within a distance from each other.
B01J 8/18 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
F23C 10/00 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules
F23C 10/10 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion caractérisés par l'agencement de l'appareil de séparation, p. ex. des cyclones, pour séparer les particules des gaz de fumée l'appareil de séparation étant situé à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion
F23C 10/18 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules Parties constitutivesAccessoires
12.
A METHOD OF AND AN ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF A FLUIDIZED BED BOILER
The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement of controlling the operation of a fluidized bed boiler. An object of the invention is to be able to control the amount of solids entering the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber from the internal circulation.In accordance with the present invention the fluidized bed heat exchanger (38) is provided with a specific means (58 –66) for discharging fluidization gas from the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (46). Advantageously, the specific means also comprises means (68) for controlling the flow of said fluidization gas out of the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (46).
F23C 10/04 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion
F23C 10/18 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules Parties constitutivesAccessoires
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
13.
TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR REMOVING BED MATERIAL FROM A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND METHOD OF REMOVING BED MATERIAL FROM A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
The present invention relates to a treatment system (20) for removing bed material of a fluidized bed reactor (10) from the fluidized bed reactor and for cooling the bed material to be removed, which treatment system (20) comprises a treatment chamber (24) in connection with the fluidized bed reactor, which treatment chamber is provided with means (26) for supplying fluidizing gas to the lower portion of the treatment chamber, a heat exchanger system (34) arranged in an internal space formed by the treatment chamber (24), feeding arrangement (36) for bed material, opening on one hand to the treatment chamber and being on the other hand in connection with the fluidized bed reactor; a first discharge connection (32) arranged in the bottom portion of the treatment chamber for removing cooled bed material from the treatment chamber. The feeding arrangement (36) of the bed material opens through at least two different inlet openings (38, 38', 38'') to the reaction chamber (12) of the fluidized bed react or at different horizontal levels. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.
F23C 10/24 - Dispositifs pour enlever de la matière du lit
F27B 15/09 - Aménagement des dispositifs de déchargement
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
B01J 8/28 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées selon la technique du "lit fluidisé" comportant au moins deux lits fluidisés, p. ex. installations de réaction et de régénération superposés
A circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a rectangular furnace having multiple particle separators connected to an upper portion of each of a front wall and a back wall of the furnace. Each particle separator includes a gas outlet, and a flue gas duct system connected to the gas outlets for conducting cleaned flue gas to a back pass. The particle separators are arranged in pairs. Each pair includes a front separator arranged adjacent to the front wall and a back separator arranged adjacent to the back wall. The flue gas duct system includes cross over ducts, each duct connecting the gas outlet of a front separator of a pair of particle separators, across and over the furnace, to the gas outlet of the back separator of the same pair of particle separators, and to the back pass, which back pass is arranged on the back wall side of the furnace.
F23M 5/08 - Refroidissement des armatures, enveloppes ou paroisTubes de parois
F23C 10/10 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion caractérisés par l'agencement de l'appareil de séparation, p. ex. des cyclones, pour séparer les particules des gaz de fumée l'appareil de séparation étant situé à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion
15.
METHOD OF CAPTURING SULFUR OXIDES FROM THE FLUE GAS OF AN OXYFUEL COMBUSTION CFB BOILER
A method of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions of an oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising the steps of feeding a first stream comprising sulfur-containing carbonaceous fuel to a furnace of the boiler; feeding a second stream comprising CaCO3 to the furnace;feeding a stream of substantially pure oxygen to the furnace so as to combust the fuel, whereby SO2 and SO3 are formed and flue gas consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and water is produced;discharging the flue gas from the furnace to an upper flue gas channel; recycling a first portion of the flue gas from the upper flue gaschannel via a recycling channel back to the furnace, and discharging a second portion of the flue gas from the upper flue gaschannel via a discharge channel, wherein the second stream is fed at such a rate relative to the first stream that the molar ratio of calcium in the second stream to sulfur in the first stream (the Ca/S molar ratio) is between about 0.02and about 0.5 so as to capture atleast a portion of the formed SO3 in the furnace or in the upper flue gas channel to CaSO4.
F23C 10/10 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion caractérisés par l'agencement de l'appareil de séparation, p. ex. des cyclones, pour séparer les particules des gaz de fumée l'appareil de séparation étant situé à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion
F23J 15/00 - Aménagement des dispositifs de traitement de fumées ou de vapeurs
C10L 10/04 - Utilisation d'additifs à des fins particulières dans les combustibles ou les feux pour réduire la corrosion ou l'encrassage
16.
METHOD OF CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN A CFB BOILER PLANT
A method of controlling combustion in the furnace of a circulating fluidized bed boiler plant, the method comprising in first stable load conditions the steps of: feeding fuel at a first fuel feeding rate, proportional to the first load, into the furnace;feeding a feed stream of oxygen at a first oxygen feeding rate, adjusted to maintain a predetermined first oxygen/fuel ratio, into the furnace, so as to combust the fuel at the first fuel feeding rate, whereby a bed char inventory is being maintained in the furnace, and in conditions of increasing the load from the first stable load conditions, the steps of : feeding fuel at a second fuel feeding rate into the furnace, wherein the second fuel feeding rate is higher than the first fuel feeding rate, and feeding a feed stream of oxygen at a second oxygen feeding rate into the furnace, wherein in the conditions of increasing the load the oxygen/fuel ratio is higher than the first oxygen/fuel ratio, so as to combust the fuel at the second fuel feeding rate and to decrease the bed char inventory by combusting char of the bed char inventory.
F23C 10/28 - Dispositifs de commande spécialement adaptés aux appareils de combustion à lit fluidisé
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23L 7/00 - Alimentation du foyer en liquides ou gaz non combustibles autres que l'air, p. ex. oxygène, vapeur d'eau
F23N 1/02 - Régulation de l'alimentation en combustible conjointement au réglage de l'amenée d'air
17.
A FLUIDIZED BED HEAT EXCHANGER CONSTRUCTION FOR A BOILER ARRANGEMENT
The present invention relates to a fluidized bed heat exchanger construction for a boiler arrangement.In accordance with the present invention the solids from the fluidized bed heat exchanger (80)are discharged into the furnace (12) of the boiler by means of a so-called loop-leg that has a bottom (90) at a lower level than the heat exchange chamber bottom (86), and an upright solids feed passage(94) leading to the furnace(12).
F23C 10/04 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion
F23C 10/12 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant mises en circulation uniquement à l'intérieur de la zone de combustion
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor arrangement (10), in which a fluidized bed reactor comprises at least a bottom portion (12), a roof portion (16) and at least one side wall (14.1 ) vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion, said side wall being arranged inclined at the lower portion in such a manner that the cross-section of a reaction chamber (20) of the reactor diminishes towards the bottom portion, and which fluidized bed reactor arrangement comprises a heat exchange chamber (30), in which said in- dined side wall (14.1 ) forms a partition wall between a heat exchange chamber and the reaction chamber (20). The rear wall (34) of the heat exchange chamber is connected to the side wall (14.1 ) of the reaction chamber (20) from the upper portion of the rear wall at a connection area (36) in such a manner that the direction thereof aligns with the direction of the side wall at least at the connection (36).
F23C 10/04 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F27B 15/16 - Aménagement des dispositifs de refroidissement
19.
A FLUIDIZED BED GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND A METHOD OF GASIFYING FUEL IN A FLUIDIZED BED GASIFICATION SYSTEM
The invention relates to a fluidized bed gasification system and a method of gasifying fuel in a fluidized bed gasification system, said gasification system comprising a fluidized bed gasification reactor and a fluidized bed combustion reactor, and in which a first fluidized bed reactor of said fluidized bed gasification reactor and fluidized bed combustion reactor is a circulating fluidized bed reactor, a first portion of there circulating means of which is arranged gas- tight inside the reaction chamber of a second fluidized bed reactor for gasifying fuel to be gasified by transferring heat from the particles of the fluidized bed combustion reactor through the outer wall of the first portion to the particles of the fluidized bed gasification reactor.
C10B 47/24 - Distillation destructive des matières carbonées solides avec chauffage indirect, p. ex. par combustion externe avec charge mouvante sous forme dispersée selon la technique du "lit fluidisé"
C10J 3/54 - Gazéification des combustibles granuleux ou pulvérulents par la technique de Winkler, c.-à-d. par fluidisation
F23G 5/027 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets ou de combustibles pauvres comportant un traitement préalable par pyrolyse ou par gazéification
20.
METHOD OF COMBUSTING DIFFERENT FUELS IN AN OXYCOMBUSTION BOILER
The invention relates to a method of controlling combustion of a first solid fuel having a first lower heat value and a second solid fuel having a second lower heat value, which differs from the first lower heat value, in an oxycombustion boiler having a furnace, said method comprising the following steps when combusting either of the fuels: (a) feeding the first fuel into the furnace; (b) feeding a stream of substantially pure oxygen into the furnace for combusting the first fuel; (c) removing flue gas generated in the combustion of the first fuel from the furnace in such a manner that prior to the step (a) the value of a variable commensurate with the lower heat value of the first fuel and the second fuel, respectively, and adjusting the recirculating portion of the flue gas to be lower when combusting the fuel having a lower value of the variable commensurate with the lower heat value of the fuel than the recirculating portion of the flue gas when combusting the fuel having a higher value of the variable commensurate with the lower heat value of the fuel.
F23C 9/00 - Appareils à combustion caractérisés par des dispositions pour renvoyer les produits de combustion ou les gaz de fumée dans la chambre de combustion
F23B 80/02 - Appareils à combustion caractérisés par des moyens pour créer un trajet d'écoulement distinct pour les gaz brûlés ou pour les gaz imbrûlés dégagés par le combustible par des moyens pour retourner les gaz brûlés vers la chambre de combustion ou la zone de combustion
F23L 7/00 - Alimentation du foyer en liquides ou gaz non combustibles autres que l'air, p. ex. oxygène, vapeur d'eau
F22B 35/00 - Systèmes de commande pour chaudières à vapeur
The present invention relates to a steam generation boiler (10) comprising a bottom portion (12) and a roof portion (16) as well as walls (14) to extend vertically between the bottom portion and the roof portion, thus forming the reaction chamber (20) of the steam generation boiler, the walls (14) of which reaction chamber embody a structure comprising of steam generator pipes (30), and which steam generation boiler (10) comprises in its lower part at least one wall section (14.31) tapering towards the bottom portion (12). A first group (30.1) of steam pipes in said tapering wall section (14.31) is arranged to pass from the wall plane (Y-Z) into the reaction chamber (20) and extend from the wall plane (Y-Z) to the bottom portion (12) of the steam generation boiler on the side of the reaction chamber (20) forming a wall (11) in the reaction chamber (20), and a second group (30.2) of steam pipes is arranged to pass to the bottom portion along the wall plane (Y-Z).
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23C 10/18 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules Parties constitutivesAccessoires
F23M 5/08 - Refroidissement des armatures, enveloppes ou paroisTubes de parois
22.
METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR RECOVERING HEAT FROM BOTTOM ASH
The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for recovering heat from bottom ash of a combustion process performed in a combustion device from which bottom ash is removed in high temperature. The present invention is specifically applicable to bubbling bed boilers, fluidized bed boilers and circulating fluidized bed boilers. A characterizing feature of the present invention is that the heat recovered from the bottom ash to a specific cooling water circuit (42) is used elsewhere within the boiler arrangement.
F23J 1/02 - Appareils pour enlever les cendres, mâchefers ou scories des cendriers, p. ex. à l'aide de wagonnets ou de convoyeurs, en employant des dispositifs à succion
F22B 31/08 - Installation dans la chaudière d'appareils échangeurs de chaleur ou de moyens de réchauffage de l'air de combustion
F23C 10/24 - Dispositifs pour enlever de la matière du lit
23.
METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR FEEDING FUEL INTO A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for feeding fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The invention is specifically concerned on feeding fine, light and/or moist fuel into the boiler. The method and apparatus for feeding light, fine, volatile and/or moist fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler is based on collecting circulating bed material to a return flow and introducing the return flow into communication with the fuel being introduced in the furnace (12) so that the bed material return flow and the fuel are mixed together and flow downwards in the furnace (12) for increasing the residence time of the fuel in the furnace (12).
F23C 10/22 - Dispositifs d'alimentation en combustible spécialement adaptés aux appareils de combustion à lit fluidisé
F23C 10/04 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion
F23K 3/00 - Alimentation ou distribution de combustible en morceaux ou pulvérulent à l'appareil à combustion
24.
METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR FEEDING FUEL INTO A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for feeding fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The invention is specifically concerned on feeding fine, light and/or moist fuel into the boiler. The method and apparatus for feeding light, fine and/or moist fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler is based on collecting circulating bed material to a return flow and introducing the return flow into communication with the fuel being introduced in the furnace (12) so that the bed material return flow and the fuel are mixed together and flow downwards in the furnace (12) for increasing the residence time of the fuel in the furnace (12).
The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor (10), comprising a bottom portion (12), a roof portion (16) and side walls (14) vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion, forming a reaction chamber (20) of the fluidized bed reactor, and a solids separator (18) in connection with the reaction chamber. At least one side wall (30.1) of the reaction chamber forms at least one indentation (34) in the reaction chamber (20), which indentation is substantially vertical and extends from the plane (32) of the side wall towards the reaction chamber.
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
B01J 8/18 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23C 10/00 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules
26.
Method of and apparatus for supporting walls of a power boiler
A method of supporting walls of a hanging furnace of a thermal power boiler, in which method, the walls, being formed of vertical water tubes, are supported horizontally at least by means of buckstays, and vertical pillars, located outside the buckstays, are attached to the ground or the foundations of a boiler building. The method includes attaching beams to the outer surface of the water tube walls, parallel with the vertical water tubes of the walls. Buckstays are attached to the outer surface of the beams. The buckstays are positioned substantially perpendicular to the vertical water tubes of the walls. At least two of the walls, located on opposite sides of the furnace, are connected to the vertical pillars by means of the beams and by an attachment connected directly to the beams and to the pillars, in such a way that pressure loads directed perpendicularly to the water tube walls are transferred by means of the vertical pillars to at least one rigid plane surrounding the boiler.
Thermal power boiler (10), comprising a furnace (12) having a rear wall (16), a flue gas channel (14) connected to the furnace, said flue gas channel comprising a back pass (20) arranged on the rear wall side of the furnace, and a pre-heater (22, 22') for combustion air provided with an inlet channel (26, 26') for flue gas, the upper portion of the inlet channel for flue gas being connected to the lower portion of the back pass, and a flow channel (24, 24') for combustion air arranged adjacent to said inlet channel for flue gas for leading preheated combustion air to the furnace, and in which the inlet channel for flue gas comprises two adjacent channel portions (28, 28') which are connected to opposite sides of the back pass.
Thermal power boiler (10), comprising a furnace (12) enclosed by two short side walls (24) and two long side walls, flue gas channels (14) arranged above the furnace, a back pass (16) and a supporting structure, which supporting structure comprises a stationary bearing structure supported from below, said bearing structure comprising multiple vertical pillars (20) and parallel main supporting beams (22) supported by the vertical pillars, and a suspension structure (18), by means of which the furnace (12) hangs from the bearing structure, wherein the main supporting beams (22) and the flue gas channels (14) arranged above the furnace (12) are parallel with each other and parallel with the short side walls (24) and wherein the main supporting beams (22) are preferably arranged at least partially between the flue gas channels (14) extending over the roof (26) of the furnace.
F22B 37/24 - Dispositifs de support, de suspension ou de montage, p. ex. faisant écran à la chaleur
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23C 10/10 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion caractérisés par l'agencement de l'appareil de séparation, p. ex. des cyclones, pour séparer les particules des gaz de fumée l'appareil de séparation étant situé à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion
F23C 10/18 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules Parties constitutivesAccessoires
A circulating fluidized bed boiler (10), comprising a rectangular furnace (12) which is horizontally enclosed by a front wall (16), a back wall (16') and two sidewalls (14, 14'), multiple particle separators (18, 18') connected to the upper portion of each of the front wall (16) and the back wall (16'), wherein each particle separator comprises a gas outlet (34, 34'), and a flue gas duct system (26) connected to the gas outlets for conducting cleaned flue gas to a back pass (28),wherein the particle separators are arranged in pairs of particle separators, wherein each pair of particle separators includes a front separator (18) arranged adjacent to the front wall (16) and a back separator (18') arranged adjacent to the back wall (16'), and in that the flue gas duct system comprises cross over ducts (32, 32', 32''), each cross over duct connecting the gas outlet (34) of a front separator (18) of a pair of particle separators, across and over the furnace, to the gas outlet (34')of the back separator (18') of the same pair of particle separators, and to the back pass (28), which back pass (28) is arranged on the back wall side of the furnace (12).
F23C 10/10 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion caractérisés par l'agencement de l'appareil de séparation, p. ex. des cyclones, pour séparer les particules des gaz de fumée l'appareil de séparation étant situé à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion
A centrifugal separator assembly including a polygonal separator chamber formed of planar wall sections joined with each other to provide a substantially gas tight structure and having at least four pairs of planar opposite wall sections. The chamber includes a tapered portion formed by having a first inward bending in each of the wall sections. The tapered portion extends as a discharge channel for separated particles from the separator chamber, which discharge channel is formed of first and second pairs of opposite wall sections being perpendicular to each other. In the discharge channel for separated particles, the first pair of wall sections extends into the area between the second pair of wall sections.
An oxycombustion circulating fluidized bed reactor, comprising a reactor chamber (15) and a gas distribution arrangement (50) provided in the bottom section of the reactor chamber for introducing gas into the reactor chamber, which gas distributor arrangement comprises a windbox chamber having gas introduction nozzles, the gas introduction nozzles being arranged for introducing gas from the windbox chamber into the reactor chamber and having an inlet which opens into the windbox chamber, and a first gas feeding system (70) for introducing gas into the windbox chamber. The gas distributor arrangement (50) further comprises a second gas feeding system (80) for introducing gas into the wind box chamber in the vicinity of at least one nozzle inlet (62).
A circulating fluidized bed boiler (10), comprising a furnace (12) for combusting carbonaceous fuel, at least one outlet channel (14) connected to the upper portion of the furnace for removing flue gas and solid particles generating in the combustion of fuel, each outlet channel provided with a particle separator (16) attached with a flue gas channel (18) for transferring cleaned flue gas and a return duct (20) for transferring separated solid particles to the lower portion of the furnace. The return duct is provided with a gas seal (22), a heat exchange chamber (24), a lift channel (34) and an overflow conduit (44), in which solid particles exiting the gas seal are guided to the upper portion of the heat exchange chamber (24) and from the lower portion of the heat exchange chamber through the lift channel (34) to the furnace or directly from the upper portion of the heat exchange chamber through the overflow conduit (44) to the furnace, and there is at least one downpipe (42), which is connected from the upper portion to flow connection with the upper portion of the lift channel (44) and from the lower portion to flow connection with the lower portion of the furnace and additionally the overflow conduit (44) is connected to the upper portion of the downpipe. The downpipe (42) is preferably also connected to an inlet for fuel (50).
B01J 8/38 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées selon la technique du "lit fluidisé" le lit fluidisé comportant un dispositif rotatif ou étant soumis à une rotation
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23C 10/10 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion caractérisés par l'agencement de l'appareil de séparation, p. ex. des cyclones, pour séparer les particules des gaz de fumée l'appareil de séparation étant situé à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion
An impact rapping device includes a stationary anvil integrated with a surface to be rapped, the anvil having a hammering axis perpendicular to the surface to rapped, a hammer arranged to move coaxially with the hammering axis, to hit an impact surface of the anvil, and a device for moving the hammer. The anvil and the hammer form a compact unit, which can be assembled in any position. The hammer is supported to lean on the anvil in such a way that the position of the hammer automatically follows changes of place or position of the anvil, and so that the hammer can move only parallel to the hammering axis.
B21B 45/04 - Dispositifs pour le traitement de surface des pièces spécialement combinés aux laminoirs, disposés dans les laminoirs, ou adaptés pour être utilisés avec les laminoirs pour décaper, p. ex. décalaminer
A separator construction, connectable to a fluidized bed boiler having a furnace, for circulating bed material and returning the material to the furnace. The separator construction includes walls, a ceiling, an inlet conduit, an outlet conduit in flow communication with a flue gas channel located above the separator, and a suspending device connecting the separator to a supporting structure in a building housing the boiler. The suspending device is formed of a frame arranged between the flue gas channel and the separator in connection with an upper circumference of the wall of the separator, and hanger rods or wires connecting the frame directly to the supporting structure.
F23J 3/00 - Enlèvement des résidus solides se trouvant dans les passages ou dans les chambres situés au delà du foyer, p. ex. dans les conduits de fumée par souffleurs de suie
F22B 37/24 - Dispositifs de support, de suspension ou de montage, p. ex. faisant écran à la chaleur
35.
METHOD OF AND SYSTEM FOR GENERATING POWER BY OXYFUEL COMBUSTION
An oxyfuel combustion system for generating power that includes a furnace (14) for combusting carbonaceous fueland substantially pure oxygen to produce exhaust gas including mainly carbon dioxide and water. An exhaust gas channel system discharges the exhaust gas from the furnace. The exhaust gas channel system(20) has an upstream channel (54), an outlet channel (58) and a gas recycling channel (28). The upstream channel recycles a recycling portion of the exhaust gas through the recycling channel to the furnace, and conveys an end portion of the exhaust gas through the outlet channel for final processing. The upstream channel is divided between a first divider piece (46) and a connecting piece (48) into a first exhaust gas channel portion (42) and a second exhaust gas channel portion (44). A gas-gas heat exchanger (36) arranged in the first exhaust gas channel portion (42) transfers heat from exhaust gas in the first exhaust gas channel portion to gas in the gas recycling channel. A first economizer (38)arranged in the second exhaust gas channel portion(44) transfers heat from exhaust gas in the second exhaust gas channel portion (44) to a flow of feedwater in a feedwater line(40), and a second economizer (52) arranged in the exhaust gas channel system downstream of the connecting piece transfers heat from gas in the exhaust gas channel system to the flow of feedwater in the feedwater line.
A heat exchanger and a circulating fluidized bed boiler with a heat exchanger including a first fluidized bed heat exchange chamber and a second fluidized bed heat exchange chamber, arranged in connection with a furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, a first inlet channel for introducing hot solids from a particle separator of the external circulation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler into the first heat exchange chamber, a second inlet channel for introducing solids to the second heat exchange chamber, a first discharge for removing a first portion of the cooled solids from the first heat exchange chamber to the second inlet channel and a second discharge for removing cooled solids from the second heat exchange chamber to the furnace, the heat exchange chamber including an inlet for introducing hot solids directly from the internal circulation of the furnace to the second heat exchange chamber. The heat exchanger also preferably includes a third discharge for removing a second portion of the cooled solids from the first heat exchange chamber directly to the furnace.
F23G 5/30 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets ou de combustibles pauvres avec combustion dans un lit fluidisé
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F23C 10/32 - Dispositifs de commande spécialement adaptés aux appareils de combustion à lit fluidisé pour commander le niveau du lit ou la quantité de matière dans le lit en réglant le taux de recirculation des particules séparées des gaz de fumée
F23C 10/04 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion
37.
METHOD OF AND SYSTEM FOR GENERATING POWER BY OXYFUEL COMBUSTION
A method of generating power by oxyfuel combustion. Carbonaceous fuel and oxidant gas are fed into a furnace (14). In a first operating mode, the oxidant gas includes a stream of substantially pure oxygen conveyed from an oxygen supply (24) for combusting the fuel with the oxygen to produce exhaust gas including mainly carbon dioxide and water. The exhaust gas is discharged from the furnace and is divided into a recycling portion (64) and an end portion (42). The recycling portion is recycled to the furnace. Heat is transferred from the end portion to the stream of substantially pure oxygen (56) by circulating a liquid heat transfer medium in a passage (60) between an exhaust gas cooler (52) and an oxygen heater (54).
F23C 9/00 - Appareils à combustion caractérisés par des dispositions pour renvoyer les produits de combustion ou les gaz de fumée dans la chambre de combustion
38.
OXYCOMBUSTION CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND METHOD OF OPERATING SUCH A REACTOR
An oxycombustion circulating fluidized bed reactor comprising a reactor chamber (15) and a gas distribution arrangement (50) provided in the bottom section of the reactor chamber for introducing gas into the reactor chamber, which gas distributor arrangement comprises a first gas feeding system (70) and a second gas feeding system (75) for introducing oxygen-rich gas into the reactor chamber (15). The first gas feeding (70) system comprises a first wind box (71 ) and the second gas feeding system (75) comprises a second wind box (80) and that the first wind box has a common wall (77) with the reactor chamber and the second wind box arranged under the first wind box has a common wall (76) with the first wind box.
F23C 10/10 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules avec des moyens spécialement adaptés pour obtenir ou activer un mouvement de circulation des particules à l'intérieur du lit ou pour remettre en circulation les particules entraînées à l'extérieur du lit les particules étant entraînées vers une section, p. ex. une section d'échange de chaleur ou une conduite de retour, au moins partiellement séparée de la zone de combustion, avant d'être réintroduites dans la zone de combustion caractérisés par l'agencement de l'appareil de séparation, p. ex. des cyclones, pour séparer les particules des gaz de fumée l'appareil de séparation étant situé à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion
F23C 10/20 - Entrées pour l'air de fluidisation, p. ex. grillesSoles
F23L 7/00 - Alimentation du foyer en liquides ou gaz non combustibles autres que l'air, p. ex. oxygène, vapeur d'eau
The invention relates to a centrifugal separator assembly (10), comprising a polygonal separator chamber (15) formed of planar wall sections joined with each other to provide a substantially gas tight structure and having at least four pairs of planar opposite wall sections (20.11, 20.12; 20.21, 20.22; 20.31, 20.32; 20.41, 20.42), the chamber including a tapered portion (50) formed by having a first, inward bending (22) in each of the wall sections, the tapered portion extending as a discharge channel (52) for separated particles from the separator chamber (15), which discharge channel is formed by means of first and second pairs of opposite wall sections (20.11, 20.12; 20.21, 20.22) being perpendicular to each other. In the discharge channel (52) for separated particles the first pair of wall sections (20.11, 20.12) extends into the area between the second pair of wall sections (20.21, 20.22).
A method of protecting a heat exchanger that includes a flue gas cooler having plastic heat recovery tubes arranged on a counterflow principle in heat exchange connection with flue gases generated by a thermal power boiler. The heat recovery tubes are connected by an inlet chamber to an inlet tube and by an outlet chamber to an outlet tube, which form, together with a heater, a liquid cycle in which a liquid heat exchange medium is recirculated by a pump. The method includes guiding vapor, which is generated at an end portion of the heat recovery tubes, to a protection circuit that is separate from the liquid cycle, by guiding the vapor along a separate flow channel from the outlet chamber to an upper portion of an expansion vessel, and guiding a liquid heat exchange medium from a lower portion of the expansion vessel directly to the inlet chamber or to the inlet tube, in a vicinity of the inlet chamber, by a separate return duct, so as to enable natural circulation of the heat exchange medium in the heat recovery tubes without the use of external energy.
F28D 15/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur dans lesquels l'agent intermédiaire de transfert de chaleur en tubes fermés passe dans ou à travers les parois des canalisations
An impact rapping device (10), comprising a stationary anvil (16) integrated with the surface to be rapped, said anvil having a hammering axis perpendicular to the sur- face to be rapped, a hammer (18), arranged to move coaxially with the hammering 5 axis to hit a impact surface (20) of the anvil and means (32, 48, 50) for moving the hammer and in which device the hammer is supported to lean on the anvil in such a way that the hammer can move only parallel to the hammering axis. According to a preferred embodiment, at least one sliding element (38, 40) is arranged between the anvil and the hammer, and according to another preferred embodiment the anvil 10 and the hammer are arranged in such a way that one of them can be moved at least partially within the other.
B08B 7/02 - Nettoyage par des procédés non prévus dans une seule autre sous-classe ou un seul groupe de la présente sous-classe par distorsion, battage ou vibration de la surface à nettoyer
42.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE TEMPERATURE OF A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
Method of and apparatus for controlling the temperature of a fluidized bed reactor (10), comprising separator means (16) for separating first solid particles from the fluidized bed reactor; a return duct (30) for returning a first portion of the first solid particles to the fluidized bed reactor; a discharge duct (50) for the discharge of a second portion of the first solid particles and an inlet duct (52) for transferring second solid particles from a second fluidized bed reactor to said fluidized bed reactor, in which the return duct (30) and the inlet duct (52) share a common end 10 portion (54) for transferring a mixture of solid particles, formed of the first portion of the first solid particles and the second solid particles, to the fluidized bed reactor (10). Said apparatus also preferably comprises a fluidized mixing device (58) for mixing the first portion of the solid particles and the second solid particles with each other.
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
B01J 8/26 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées selon la technique du "lit fluidisé" comportant au moins deux lits fluidisés, p. ex. installations de réaction et de régénération
B01J 8/38 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés les particules étant fluidisées selon la technique du "lit fluidisé" le lit fluidisé comportant un dispositif rotatif ou étant soumis à une rotation
43.
CYCLONE SEPARATOR ARRANGEMENT FOR A FLUIDIZED BED BOILER AND MOUNTING CONSTRUCTION
The present invention relates to a separator construction of a fluidized bed boiler. The invention thus relates to a fluidized bed boiler, comprising generally speaking the actual furnace and means for treating flue gases as well as means for circulating bed material and returning said material to the furnace. The invention especially relates to suspending a separator used in connection with such a power boiler. It is a typical feature of a separator construction in accordance with the invention, the separator comprising walls (38), a ceiling, and inlet and outlet conduits (14, 22) of the separator, the separator being suspended to a supporting structure (18) from above in the boiler building, that the suspending means are formed of a frame (30) arranged in connection with an upper margin of the wall (38) of the separator (12) and of suspending bars or wires (40) connecting the frame (30) directly to said supporting structure (18).
B01J 8/00 - Procédés chimiques ou physiques en général, conduits en présence de fluides et de particules solidesAppareillage pour de tels procédés
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F22B 37/24 - Dispositifs de support, de suspension ou de montage, p. ex. faisant écran à la chaleur
F23C 10/18 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules Parties constitutivesAccessoires
44.
BOILER WATER CYCLE OF A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR WITH SUCH BOILER WATER CYCLE
Boiler water cycle of a fluidized bed boiler (10) and a fluidized bed boiler (10), preferably a supercritical once-through-unit (OTU) boiler with a boiler water cycle, comprising a drop leg (26) and a number of horizontal inlet headers (30), substantially of the length of the front wall (14) of the boiler furnace (12), arranged below the furnace (12) of the fluidized bed boiler (10), the inner diameter of the inlet headers (30) being preferably at least 200 mm, whereby the extensions (44, 46) of the water tubes in the front wall (14) and the rear wall (38) of the furnace (12) are connected directly to said inlet headers (30) and each of the inlet headers (30) is in flow communication with the drop leg (26) only through an inlet duct (28) connected to the end of the inlet header (30). The inlet headers (30) preferably comprise a front wall chamber (48) and a rear wall chamber(50) arranged below the front wall (14) and the rear wall (38) of the furnaσe(12), respectively, and a grid chamber (52, 54) arranged below the mid-portion of the grid, preferably inside a wind box (20), whereby preferably a first portion of the extensions (44,46) of the water tubes of the front wall (14) and the rear wall (38) are connected directly to the front wall chamber (48) and the rear wall chamber (50), respectively, and a second portion of the water tubes of the front wall (14) and the rear wall (38) extend as grid tubes (42) parallel to the furnace (12) grid, and are connected to the grid chamber (52, 54).
F22B 29/06 - Chaudières à vapeur du type à circulation forcée du type à circulation ouverte, c.-à-d. composées de tubes admettant de l'eau à une extrémité et dégageant de la vapeur surchauffée à l'autre extrémité
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F22B 37/14 - Canalisations principales d'alimentation, p. ex. colonne montante, colonne descendante, en relation avec les chaudières à tubes d'eau
F23C 10/20 - Entrées pour l'air de fluidisation, p. ex. grillesSoles
45.
EVAPORATOR SURFACE STRUCTURE OF A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER AND A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH SUCH AN EVAPORATOR SURFACE STRUCTURE
Evaporator surface structure of a circulating fluidized bed boiler (10), comprising at least one separate vertical evaporator surface unit (26) arranged within a distance from the furnace walls (22 ), formed of water tube panels (28, 30, 54, 56, 52, 64 ) extending from the bottom (18) of the furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler (10) to the ceiling (20) thereof, the evaporator surface unit (26) consisting of two cross-wise joined vertical water tube panels (28, 30, 54, 56, 62, 64 ). Preferably, a first water tube panel (64) of each evaporator surface unit is parallel to the water tubes (84) of the furnace ceiling (20) and a second water tube panel (62 ) is perpendicular to that. The upper ends of the water tubes of each water tube panel are preferably connected to separate headers (36, 38) parallel with the water tube panels (62, 64), and the water tube panels (62, 64) are advantageously suspended to hang of the headers (36, 38) in such a way that each evaporator surface unit is connected to the ceiling (20) of the furnace (12) by a structure enabling vertical movement between the evaporator surface unit and the ceiling.
F22B 29/06 - Chaudières à vapeur du type à circulation forcée du type à circulation ouverte, c.-à-d. composées de tubes admettant de l'eau à une extrémité et dégageant de la vapeur surchauffée à l'autre extrémité
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
F22B 37/14 - Canalisations principales d'alimentation, p. ex. colonne montante, colonne descendante, en relation avec les chaudières à tubes d'eau
F22B 37/24 - Dispositifs de support, de suspension ou de montage, p. ex. faisant écran à la chaleur
F23C 10/18 - Appareils dans lesquels la combustion a lieu dans un lit fluidisé de combustible ou d'autres particules Parties constitutivesAccessoires
46.
A FLUIDIZED BED HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER AND A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH A FLUIDIZED BED HEAT EXCHANGER
A heat exchanger (30) and a circulating fluidized bed boiler (10) with a heat exchanger comprising a first (36) and a second (38) fluidized bed heat 5 exchange chamber arranged in connection with a furnace (12) of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, a first inlet channel (18) for introducing hot solids from a particle separator of the external circulation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler (10) into the first heat exchange chamber (36), a second inlet channel (58) for introducing solids to the second heat exchange chamber (38), first discharge 10 means (54, 56) for removing a first portion of the cooled solids from the first heat exchange chamber (36) to the second inlet channel (58) and second discharge means (61) for removing cooled solids form the second heat exchange chamber (38) to the furnace (12), said heat exchanger comprising inlet means (64) for introducing hot solids directly from the internal circulation of 15 the furnace (12) to the second heat exchange chamber (38). The heat exchanger (30) also preferably comprises third discharge means (72, 74, 76) for removing a second portion of the cooled solids from the first heat exchange chamber (36) directly to the furnace.
F22B 31/00 - Modifications de la structure de la chaudière ou des systèmes de tubes, dépendant de l'installation d'un appareil à combustionAménagements ou dispositions des appareils à combustion
47.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING WALLS OF A POWER BOILER
The present invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for supporting walls of a thermal power boiler, which generally comprises the actual furnace and means for treating flue gases and, where the boiler in question is a circulating fluidized bed boiler, also means for circulating bed material and for returning it to the furnace. The invention especially relates to supporting the walls (12) of such a boiler, wherein the furnace (10) is suspended to hang on a supporting plane of the upper portion of steel structures especially arranged for the purpose, and the walls (12), being formed of the vertical water tubes of the boiler, are supported horizontally at least by means of buckstays (22) positioned substantially perpendicular to the water tubes, and vertical pillars (24) located outside the buckstays (22), which pillars (24) are attached to the ground or the base of the boiler building. In accordance with the present invention, it is a characterizing feature of the method of and apparatus for supporting walls of a power boiler, that one or more rigid planes (30) surrounding the whole boiler are attached to the pillars (24), and at least two water tube walls (12) on the opposite sides of the boiler are supported to said pillars (24).
A method of and an apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material, said apparatus comprising a gasification reactor (12), to which oxygen-containing primary gas (18) and secondary gasification gas (20) are introduced, whereby a portion of the material to be gasified is gasified to product gas, residual carbon contained in the fly ash extracted from the product gas is combusted in a cyclone combustor (50) and the exhaust gas (58) from the cyclone combustor is guided to above the bottom level of the gasification reactor (12) to act as secondary gasification gas.
A fluidized bed boiler plant (10) and a method of combusting sulphurous fuel in said fluidized bed boiler plant, a furnace (12) of which plant is provided with a fluidized bed of particles. Sulphurous fuel, CaC03-containing sulphur-binding agent and combusting air are introduced to said bed of particles, whereby fuel burns and generates flue gases and the sulphur-binding agent calcinates to CaO and binds SO2 generated in the combustion, energy is recovered to heat exchange medium circulating in heat exchange tubes (38) of a condensating heat exchanger (36) arranged in a flue gas channel (28), and a water solution of acid condensating on outer surfaces is neutralized by mixing it in a mixing vessel (52) to CaO-containing ash from a plant, preferably fly ash collected by a dust separator (34).
B01D 53/00 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols
F23J 15/00 - Aménagement des dispositifs de traitement de fumées ou de vapeurs
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