A cathode assembly for emitting charged particles, used in for example an electron gun as source for generating an electron beam. The cathode assembly has a cathode comprising an emitting member and a carrier. The emitting member is mounted in the carrier, and the carrier is electrically connected to a holder. The cathode is heated by irradiation from an external source, whereby the emitting member emits charged particles from an emitting surface at an emitting temperature. The connection between the carrier and the holder provides a thermal barrier for reducing the amount of thermal energy transferred from the cathode to the holder.
In accordance with one or more embodiments herein, an arrangement for additive manufacturing by selective fusion, using an electron beam, of a three-dimensional product from a powder bed, is provided. The arrangement comprises at least one electron detecting arrangement arranged to detect powder smoke by detecting electrons which have been scattered by the electron beam hitting powder particles which levitate above the powder bed. Also provided is a method for detecting powder smoke during additive manufacturing, the method comprising: arranging at least one electron detecting arrangement in an arrangement for additive manufacturing by selective fusion, using an electron beam, of a three-dimensional product from a powder bed; detecting electrons which have been scattered by the electron beam hitting powder particles which levitate above the powder bed; and determining whether there is powder smoke based on the output from the at least one electron detecting arrangement.
B29C 64/393 - Acquisition ou traitement de données pour la fabrication additive pour la commande ou la régulation de procédés de fabrication additive
B29C 64/153 - Procédés de fabrication additive n’utilisant que des matériaux solides utilisant des couches de poudre avec jonction sélective, p.ex. par frittage ou fusion laser sélectif
B29C 64/268 - Agencements pour irradiation par faisceaux d’électrons [FE]
B33Y 50/00 - Acquisition ou traitement de données pour la fabrication additive
3.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING USING A REMOVABLE BUILD MODULE
In accordance with one or more embodiments herein, an apparatus (100) for additive manufacturing is provided, where the apparatus (100) comprises a particle beam providing module (110) and a removable build module (120). The removable build module (120) comprises: a build tank (140), comprising walls (145); at least one powder supply tank (150); and a recoating arrangement (160), arranged to recoat the build tank (140) with powder from the at least one powder supply tank (150). The particle beam providing module (110) and the removable build module (120) together form a vacuum chamber when the removable build module (120) is attached to the particle beam providing module (110) in the apparatus (100), so that the walls (145) of the build tank (140) form a barrier part of said vacuum chamber. Further, a method (700) for additive manufacturing is provided. A cover (165) of the removable build module (120) is arranged to be automatically removed from the removable build module (120) when the removable build module (120) is removed from the apparatus (100), for easy access to the build tank (140).
B22F 10/28 - Fusion sur lit de poudre, p.ex. fusion sélective par laser [FSL] ou fusion par faisceau d’électrons [EBM]
B22F 12/00 - Appareils ou dispositifs spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive; Moyens auxiliaires pour la fabrication additive; Combinaisons d’appareils ou de dispositifs pour la fabrication additive avec d’autres appareils ou dispositifs de traitement ou de fabrication
B22F 12/80 - Usines, lignes de production ou modules
In accordance with one or more embodiments herein, an additive manufacturing apparatus (100) is provided. The additive manufacturing apparatus (100) comprises a particle beam source (110), a build tank (150), a vacuum chamber (130), arranged to enclose the particle beam all the way from the particle beam source (110) to the build tank (150), one or more vacuum pumps (140), arranged to provide vacuum inside the vacuum chamber (130), and an X-ray shield (120), arranged to enclose at least the particle beam source (110), the vacuum chamber (130), and at least one of the one or more vacuum pumps (140). Further, a method (400) for constructing an additive manufacturing apparatus comprising a particle beam source (110) and a build tank 150 is provided. The method (400) comprises arranging (410) an X-ray shield (120) in an additive manufacturing apparatus (100), to enclose at least the particle beam source (110), a vacuum chamber (130) arranged to enclose the particle beam all the way from the particle beam source (110) to the build tank (150), and at least one vacuum pump (140) arranged to provide vacuum inside the vacuum chamber (130).
B22F 10/28 - Fusion sur lit de poudre, p.ex. fusion sélective par laser [FSL] ou fusion par faisceau d’électrons [EBM]
B22F 12/00 - Appareils ou dispositifs spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive; Moyens auxiliaires pour la fabrication additive; Combinaisons d’appareils ou de dispositifs pour la fabrication additive avec d’autres appareils ou dispositifs de traitement ou de fabrication
B22F 12/82 - Combinaisons d’appareils ou de dispositifs pour la fabrication additive avec d’autres appareils ou dispositifs de traitement ou de fabrication
B22F 12/90 - Moyens de commande ou de régulation des opérations, p.ex. caméras ou capteurs
B33Y 30/00 - Appareils pour la fabrication additive; Leurs parties constitutives ou accessoires à cet effet
G21F 1/08 - Métaux; Alliages; Cermets, c. à d. mélanges frittés de céramiques et métaux
G21F 3/00 - Blindage caractérisé par sa forme physique, p.ex. granulés, ou forme du matériau
A metal 3D printer, a cathode holder system, a carrier for an electron emitter, and an electron source piece with a thermal break in a mechanical interface are provided. The metal 3D printer has an electron gun adapted to direct an electron beam generated by a back heated electron emitter of a cathode arrangement onto a metal material via an anode arrangement. The back heated electron emitter is capable of emitting electrons via thermionic emission from an emitting surface when heated on a back surface, and includes a side surface, essentially perpendicular to the emitting surface, between the emitting surface and the back surface. The metal 3D printer 100 includes: an electron source piece, including the electron emitter attached to a carrier in such a way that the carrier covers the side surface of the electron emitter adjoining the emitting surface; a cathode holder system including one or more cathode holder system members adapted to hold the electron source piece in a position in relation to an anode arrangement; and a first thermal break in a first mechanical interface adapted to mate an emitter holder of the cathode holder system with the electron source piece.
B33Y 30/00 - Appareils pour la fabrication additive; Leurs parties constitutives ou accessoires à cet effet
H01J 37/075 - Canons à électrons utilisant l'émission thermo-ionique de cathodes chauffées par bombardement de particules ou par irradiation, p.ex. par laser
B22F 12/41 - Moyens de rayonnement caractérisés par le type, p.ex. laser ou faisceau d’électrons
H01J 37/305 - Tubes à faisceau électronique ou ionique destinés aux traitements localisés d'objets pour couler, fondre, évaporer ou décaper
An arrangement for additive manufacturing by selective fusion of layers of a three-dimensional product from a powder bed including successively formed powder layers is provided. The arrangement includes a heating element having a powder layer facing surface, arranged in a powder layer heating position above a powder layer, in such a way that heat radiation emitted from said heating element heats at least a part of the powder layer before the selective fusion of a layer of the three-dimensional product from the powder layer.
B29C 64/295 - Fabrication additive, c. à d. fabrication d’objets en trois dimensions [3D] par dépôt additif, agglomération additive ou stratification additive, p.ex. par impression en 3D, stéréolithographie ou frittage laser sélectif - Détails ou accessoires à cet effet Éléments de chauffage
B29C 64/153 - Procédés de fabrication additive n’utilisant que des matériaux solides utilisant des couches de poudre avec jonction sélective, p.ex. par frittage ou fusion laser sélectif
A method for removing powder from a component or part produced by a powder bed additive manufacturing system is provided. The method includes providing a part, the part having at least one internal cavity with at least one external opening, the at least one cavity being at least partly filled with powder grains, the powder grains being connected to each other and to the walls of the cavity by mechanical, frictional, electrical, physical, or chemical forces. The method further includes adding medium in liquid phase to the at least one cavity of the part, the liquid having the property that it expands in phase transition from liquid to solid phase; transforming added medium to solid phase to loosen and break up at least a fraction of the powder grains connections from each other; and removing powder from the at least one internal cavity.
B08B 3/12 - Nettoyage impliquant le contact avec un liquide avec traitement supplémentaire du liquide ou de l'objet en cours de nettoyage, p.ex. par la chaleur, par l'électricité ou par des vibrations par des vibrations soniques ou ultrasoniques
B33Y 40/20 - Posttraitement, p.ex. durcissement, revêtement ou polissage
B08B 7/00 - Nettoyage par des procédés non prévus dans une seule autre sous-classe ou un seul groupe de la présente sous-classe
B29C 71/00 - Post-traitement d'objets sans modification de leur forme; Appareils à cet effet
The present invention relates to a heating method for preparing a powder bed for subsequent processing by irradiating the powder bed with an electron beam from an electron source. The electron source may be designed for fast moving of the electron beam to different heating positions at the powder bed comprising the step, local heating of at least two powder bed heating positions by successive resting of said electron beam at the at least two powder bed heating positions. By jumping between local preheating positions at the powder bed before the powder is fused, charged powder can be prevented from levitation and scattering from the powder bed.
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for an electron beam system for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by fusing successive layers of powder, said system having at least one lens for reshaping of said electron beam, an electron source and a powder bed, said method comprising the step: blocking a selected cross section of said electron beam for controlling the electron beam power. By interference between the electron beam and a beam blocking part a portion of the electron beam is prevented from reaching the powder bed.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
(Based on 44(e)) 3D printers (Based on 44(e)) Laboratory apparatus and instruments, namely, electron beam accelerators; Laboratory apparatus and instruments, namely, vacuum chambers, recoating mechanisms and adaptable powder feeding mechanisms for additive manufacturing using metal powder; all of the foregoing for laboratory use
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Machines and machine tools for treatment of materials and for manufacturing, namely, machines and machine tools for additive manufacturing using metal powder Metal treatment, namely, shaping of metal components
In accordance with one or more embodiments herein, an arrangement 200 for additive manufacturing by selective fusion of layers of a three-dimensional product from a powder bed comprising successively formed powder layers 240 is provided. The arrangement 200 comprises a heating element 350 having a powder layer facing surface 355, arranged in a powder layer heating position above a powder layer 240, in such a way that heat radiation emitted from said heating element 350 heats at least a part of the powder layer 240 before the selective fusion of a layer of the three-dimensional product from the powder layer 240.
B29C 64/295 - Fabrication additive, c. à d. fabrication d’objets en trois dimensions [3D] par dépôt additif, agglomération additive ou stratification additive, p.ex. par impression en 3D, stéréolithographie ou frittage laser sélectif - Détails ou accessoires à cet effet Éléments de chauffage
B29C 64/153 - Procédés de fabrication additive n’utilisant que des matériaux solides utilisant des couches de poudre avec jonction sélective, p.ex. par frittage ou fusion laser sélectif
In accordance with one or more embodiments herein, an arrangement 200 for additive manufacturing by selective fusion of layers of a three-dimensional product from a powder bed comprising successively formed powder layers 240 is provided. The arrangement 200 comprises a heating element 350 having a powder layer facing surface 355, arranged in a powder layer heating position above a powder layer 240, in such a way that heat radiation emitted from said heating element 350 heats at least a part of the powder layer 240 before the selective fusion of a layer of the three-dimensional product from the powder layer 240.
B29C 64/295 - Fabrication additive, c. à d. fabrication d’objets en trois dimensions [3D] par dépôt additif, agglomération additive ou stratification additive, p.ex. par impression en 3D, stéréolithographie ou frittage laser sélectif - Détails ou accessoires à cet effet Éléments de chauffage
B23K 15/00 - Soudage ou découpage par faisceau d'électrons
B29C 64/153 - Procédés de fabrication additive n’utilisant que des matériaux solides utilisant des couches de poudre avec jonction sélective, p.ex. par frittage ou fusion laser sélectif
B23K 26/00 - Travail par rayon laser, p.ex. soudage, découpage ou perçage
The present invention relates to a build compartment used in 3D printing systems based on powder beds. The build compartment is the volume in a 3D printing apparatus where 3D objects are formed by successive consolidation of thin layers of powder. The build compartment is designed with at least two vertical wall structures movable in relation to each other. The movable wall structures are at least partly overlapping in the movable direction, providing self-sealing for a variable volume for enclosing powder. Contrary to other available designs, this solution does not need a compressible sealing material, for example an elastomer, a textile felt or a braided rope, to prevent powder leakage from the build compartment. The advantages are more reliable sealing and no risk of contamination of the powder by debris from sealing material.
B29C 64/295 - Fabrication additive, c. à d. fabrication d’objets en trois dimensions [3D] par dépôt additif, agglomération additive ou stratification additive, p.ex. par impression en 3D, stéréolithographie ou frittage laser sélectif - Détails ou accessoires à cet effet Éléments de chauffage
B29C 64/153 - Procédés de fabrication additive n’utilisant que des matériaux solides utilisant des couches de poudre avec jonction sélective, p.ex. par frittage ou fusion laser sélectif
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Machines and machine tools for treatment of materials and for manufacturing. Electron beam accelerators; Laboratory apparatus and instruments. Shaping of metal components.
20.
Freezing method for cleaning an additive manufacturing part
The present invention relates to a method for removing powder from a component or part produced by a powder bed additive manufacturing system. The method comprises the steps; providing a part, the part having at least one internal cavity with at least one external opening, the at least one cavity being at least partly filled with powder grains, the powder grains being connected to each other and to the walls of the cavity by mechanical, frictional, electrical, physical or chemical forces; adding medium in liquid phase to the at least one cavity of the part, the liquid having the property that it expands in phase transition from liquid to solid phase; transforming added medium to solid phase to loosen and break up at least a fraction of the powder grains connections from each other; and removing powder from the at least one internal cavity.
B08B 3/12 - Nettoyage impliquant le contact avec un liquide avec traitement supplémentaire du liquide ou de l'objet en cours de nettoyage, p.ex. par la chaleur, par l'électricité ou par des vibrations par des vibrations soniques ou ultrasoniques
B08B 7/00 - Nettoyage par des procédés non prévus dans une seule autre sous-classe ou un seul groupe de la présente sous-classe
B29C 71/00 - Post-traitement d'objets sans modification de leur forme; Appareils à cet effet
B33Y 40/20 - Posttraitement, p.ex. durcissement, revêtement ou polissage
A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by solidifying selected areas of consecutive powder layers is provided. At least one electron beam successively irradiates predetermined sections of each powder layer by moving an interaction region in which the electron beam interacts with the powder layer. Electromagnetic radiation from a radiation source is directed onto the powder layer to reduce local electrostatic charging in the interaction region. In this way, levitation and scattering of charged powder will be avoided.
B29C 64/153 - Procédés de fabrication additive n’utilisant que des matériaux solides utilisant des couches de poudre avec jonction sélective, p.ex. par frittage ou fusion laser sélectif
B29C 64/277 - Agencements pour irradiation utilisant des moyens de rayonnement multiples, p.ex. des micro-miroirs ou des diodes électroluminescentes multiples [LED]
B29C 64/273 - Agencements pour irradiation par faisceaux d’électrons [FE] à modulation de fréquence
B29C 64/188 - Procédés de fabrication additive impliquant des opérations supplémentaires effectuées sur les couches ajoutées, p.ex. lissage, meulage ou contrôle d’épaisseur
B29C 64/30 - Opérations ou équipements auxiliaires
B33Y 40/00 - Opérations ou équipements auxiliaires, p.ex. pour la manipulation de matériau
A metal 3D printer, a cathode holder system, a carrier for an electron emitter, and an electron source piece with a thermal break in a mechanical interface. The metal 3D printer has an electron gun adapted to direct an electron beam generated by a back heated electron emitter of a cathode arrangement onto a metal material via an anode arrangement. The metal 3D printer comprises: an electron source piece, comprising the electron emitter attached to a carrier such that the carrier covers the side surface of the electron emitter adjoining the emitting surface; a cathode holder system comprising one or more cathode holder system members adapted to hold the electron source piece in a position in relation to an anode arrangement; and a first thermal break in a first mechanical interface to mate an emitter holder of the cathode holder system with the electron source piece.
A metal 3D printer (100), a cathode holder system (112), a carrier (300) for an electron emitter (312), and an electron source piece (114) with a thermal break in a mechanical interface are provided. The metal 3D printer (100) has an electron gun adapted to direct an electron beam (102) generated by a back heated electron emitter (312) of a cathode arrangement (106) onto a metal material via an anode arrangement (110). The back heated electron emitter (312) is capable of emitting electrons via thermionic emission from an emitting surface (314) when heated on a back surface (316), and comprises a side surface (315), essentially perpendicular to the emitting surface (314), between the emitting surface (314) and the back surface (316). The metal 3D printer (100) comprises: an electron source piece (114), comprising the electron emitter (312) attached to a carrier (300) in such a way that the carrier (300) covers the side surface (315) of the electron emitter (312) adjoining the emitting surface (314); a cathode holder system (112) comprising one or more cathode holder system members (120, 126, 130) adapted to hold the electron source piece (114) in a position in relation to an anode arrangement (110); and a first thermal break in a first mechanical interface (310) adapted to mate an emitter holder (120) of the cathode holder system (112) with the electron source piece (114).
H01J 37/075 - Canons à électrons utilisant l'émission thermo-ionique de cathodes chauffées par bombardement de particules ou par irradiation, p.ex. par laser
H01J 37/065 - Montage des canons ou de leurs éléments constitutifs
A cathode assembly for emitting charged particles, used in for example an electron gun as source for generating an electron beam is provided. The cathode assembly has a cathode including an emitting member and a carrier. The emitting member is mounted in the carrier, and the carrier is electrically connected to a holder. The cathode is heated by irradiation from an external source, whereby the emitting member emits charged particles from an emitting surface at an emitting temperature. The connection between the carrier and the holder provides a thermal barrier for reducing the amount of thermal energy transferred from the cathode to the holder.
A method for removing powder from a component or part produced by metal additive manufacturing systems based on powder beds. The method includes manufacturing a part by additive manufacturing, the part having at least one internal cavity with at least one external opening. The internal cavity is at least partly filled with powder, the powder in the internal cavity having grains agglomerated or connected to each other. The method further including: evacuating gas from the internal cavity; adding liquid electrolyte to the internal cavity, and using an electrochemical process for separating connected powder grains in the cavity.
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for an electron beam system for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by fusing successive layers of powder, said system having at least one lens for reshaping of said electron beam, an electron source and a powder bed, said method comprising the step: blocking a selected cross section of said electron beam for controlling the electron beam power. By interference between the electron beam and a beam blocking part a portion of the electron beam is prevented from reaching the powder bed.
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for an electron beam system for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by fusing successive layers of powder, said system having at least one lens for reshaping of said electron beam, an electron source and a powder bed, said method comprising the step: blocking a selected cross section of said electron beam for controlling the electron beam power. By interference between the electron beam and a beam blocking part a portion of the electron beam is prevented from reaching the powder bed.
The present invention relates to a heating method for preparing a powder bed for subsequent processing by irradiating the powder bed with an electron beam from an electron source. The electron source may be designed for fast moving of the electron beam to different heating positions at the powder bed comprising the step, local heating of at least two powder bed heating positions by successive resting of said electron beam at the at least two powder bed heating positions. By jumping between local preheating positions at the powder bed before the powder is fused, charged powder can be prevented from levitation and scattering from the powder bed.
The present disclosure relates to 3D printing systems based on powder beds, in which 3D objects are formed by successive consolidation of thin layers of powder (205). Specifically, it relates to a powder compartment from which powder feedstock is distributed in a 3D printer. The powder compartment has at least two wall structures movable in relation to each other, said wall structures being at least partly overlapping in the movable direction, providing a variable volume for enclosing powder. The powder compartment having at least two vertical wall structures (201, 202) movable in relation to each other. The movable wall structures being at least partly overlapping in the movable direction, providing a variable volume for enclosing powder. Contrary to other available designs, this solution does not need a compressible sealing material, for example an elastomer, a textile felt or a braided rope, to prevent powder leakage from the powder compartment. The benefits are a simple and robust design providing more reliable sealing and no risk of contamination of the powder by debris from sealing material.
B29C 64/255 - Enceintes pour le matériau de construction, p.ex. récipients pour poudre
B33Y 30/00 - Appareils pour la fabrication additive; Leurs parties constitutives ou accessoires à cet effet
B33Y 40/00 - Opérations ou équipements auxiliaires, p.ex. pour la manipulation de matériau
B29C 64/153 - Procédés de fabrication additive n’utilisant que des matériaux solides utilisant des couches de poudre avec jonction sélective, p.ex. par frittage ou fusion laser sélectif
B29C 64/165 - Procédés de fabrication additive utilisant une combinaison de matériaux solides et liquides, p.ex. une poudre avec liaison sélective par liant liquide, catalyseur, inhibiteur ou absorbeur d’énergie
B22F 3/105 - Frittage seul en utilisant un courant électrique, un rayonnement laser ou un plasma
The present invention relates to a circuit arrangement comprising an analogue amplifier electrically connected to a first end of an inductive load. Further at least one electrical switch is electrically connected to a second end of the inductive load, where the electrical switch increases the rate of current change in the inductive load by applying an electrical voltage potential to the second end of the inductive load. The voltage at the second end can also be switched by a digital circuit at the second end for improved performance. The inductive load may e.g. be a beam control coil, which may be provided for controlling an electron beam, e.g. in an electron gun.
H03F 1/56 - Modifications des impédances d'entrée ou de sortie, non prévues ailleurs
H05G 1/58 - Dispositions de commutation permettant de passer d'un mode de fonctionnement à un autre, p.ex. de la radioscopie à la radiographie, de la radioscopie à irradiation
The present invention relates to a build compartment used in 3D printing systems based on powder beds. The build compartment is the volume in a 3D printing apparatus where 3D objects (206) are formed by successive consolidation of thin layers of powder. The build compartment is designed with at least two vertical wall structures (203, 204) movable in relation to each other. The movable wall structures (203, 204) are at least partly overlapping in the movable direction, providing self-sealing for a variable volume for enclosing powder. Contrary to other available designs, this solution does not need a compressible sealing material, for example an elastomer, a textile felt or a braided rope, to prevent powder leakage from the build compartment. The advantages are more reliable sealing and no risk of contamination of the powder by debris from sealing material.
B29C 64/153 - Procédés de fabrication additive n’utilisant que des matériaux solides utilisant des couches de poudre avec jonction sélective, p.ex. par frittage ou fusion laser sélectif
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by solidifying selected areas of consecutive powder layers. At least one electron beam successively irradiates predetermined sections of each powder layer by moving an interaction region in which the electron beam interacts with the powder layer. Electromagnetic radiation from a radiation source is directed onto the powder layer to reduce local electrostatic charging in the interaction region. In this way, levitation and scattering of charged powder will be avoided.
The present invention relates to a method for removing powder from a component or part produced by metal additive manufacturing systems based on powder beds. The method comprising the steps; to manufacture a part by additive manufacturing, said part having at least one internal cavity with at least one external opening. Said internal cavity is at least partly filled with powder, said powder in said internal cavity having grains agglomerated or connected to each other; to evacuate gas from said internal cavity; to add liquid electrolyte to said internal cavity; to use an electrochemical process for separating connected powder grains in said cavity.
C25F 1/00 - Nettoyage, dégraissage, décapage ou enlèvement de battitures par voie électrolytique
C25F 3/00 - Attaque de surface ou polissage électrolytique
C25F 7/00 - PROCÉDÉS POUR LE TRAITEMENT D'OBJETS PAR ENLÈVEMENT ÉLECTROLYTIQUE DE MATIÈRE; APPAREILLAGES À CET EFFET Éléments de construction des cellules, ou leur assemblage, pour l'enlèvement électrolytique de matières d'objets; Entretien ou conduite
The present invention relates to a method for removing powder from a component or part produced by a powder bed additive manufacturing system. The method comprises the steps; providing a part, the part having at least one internal cavity with at least one external opening, the at least one cavity being at least partly filled with powder grains, the powder grains being connected to each other and to the walls of the cavity by mechanical, frictional, electrical, physical or chemical forces; adding medium in liquid phase to the at least one cavity of the part, the liquid having the property that it expands in phase transition from liquid to solid phase; transforming added medium to solid phase to loosen and break up at least a fraction of the powder grains connections from each other; and removing powder from the at least one internal cavity.
B22F 3/105 - Frittage seul en utilisant un courant électrique, un rayonnement laser ou un plasma
B22F 3/24 - Traitement ultérieur des pièces ou objets
B33Y 40/00 - Opérations ou équipements auxiliaires, p.ex. pour la manipulation de matériau
B08B 9/00 - Nettoyage d'objets creux par des procédés ou avec un appareillage spécialement adaptés à cet effet
B08B 3/12 - Nettoyage impliquant le contact avec un liquide avec traitement supplémentaire du liquide ou de l'objet en cours de nettoyage, p.ex. par la chaleur, par l'électricité ou par des vibrations par des vibrations soniques ou ultrasoniques
B22F 5/10 - Fabrication de pièces ou d'objets à partir de poudres métalliques caractérisée par la forme particulière du produit à réaliser d'articles avec des cavités ou des trous, non prévue dans les sous-groupes précédents
The present invention relates to a cathode assembly for emitting charged particles, used in for example an electron gun as source for generating an electron beam. The cathode assembly has a cathode comprising an emitting member and a carrier. The emitting member is mounted in the carrier, and the carrier is electrically connected to a holder. The cathode is heated by irradiation from an external source, whereby the emitting member emits charged particles from an emitting surface at an emitting temperature. The connection between the carrier and the holder provides a thermal barrier for reducing the amount of thermal energy transferred from the cathode to the holder.
H01J 1/20 - Cathodes à chauffage indirect par courant électrique; Cathodes à chauffage par bombardement électronique ou ionique
H01J 37/075 - Canons à électrons utilisant l'émission thermo-ionique de cathodes chauffées par bombardement de particules ou par irradiation, p.ex. par laser
