The invention relates to a method for the fixing connection of two steel sheets (1, 2) which are adjacent and at least approximately lying on one another or lying against one another, by means of an MSG welding process, wherein one of the two steel sheets (1) has an aperture (3) formed in the manner of a point. The problem addressed by the invention is the provision of a welding method that is an alternative to previous fixing techniques and fixing methods, is economical and can be handled technologically safely. The problem is solved by lowering an MSG welding electrode into the aperture (3) formed in the manner of a point in a first of the two steel sheets (1), in particular an internal cladding sheet, preferably an armor plate, until the MSG welding electrode is in the area of the second of the two steel sheets (2), in particular a base sheet, root-welding the inner internal wall area of the aperture (3) to the second steel sheet (2), in particular base sheet, forming a root or connecting layer (4), and moving the end of the MSG welding electrodes slowly out of the aperture (3) in the first steel sheet (1), in particular internal cladding sheet, preferably armor plate, while further melting the MSG welding electrodes, until the aperture (3) is filled with a filling layer (5) of MSG welding electrode material.
Heat transfer method for the transfer of heat between at least two heat carrier media (8, 11, 14) of a solar thermal plant, wherein a first heat carrier medium (11) is delivered in a central first delivery cavity (10) of at least one first heat exchanger pipe (1, 1', 1a), and a heat carrier medium (8, 14) which differs therefrom is delivered in at least one delivery cavity (7, 12) which is formed coaxially and adjacently around the first delivery cavity (10). The at least two heat carrier media (8, 11, 14) are placed in heat-energy-transferring operative connection with one another by means of the heat-conducting interposition of an intermediate wall (2a) which surrounds the first delivery cavity (10). One of the two heat carrier media (11, 8, 14) is steam or a water-steam mixture, and the heat carrier medium (11, 8, 14) which differs therefrom is a molten salt. The invention also relates to a receiver pipe structure of a solar thermal plant, in which a delivery cavity for a first fluid is arranged at least in part within a second delivery cavity for a second fluid. A peripheral wall (2a) that surrounds the first delivery cavity allows heat to be transferred between the fluids.
In a solarthermal energy generation plant having a first solar array (10) which uses water as a heat carrier medium, having a water separator (12) positioned downstream of the first solar array (10) and having a high-pressure turbine (16), it is sought to obtain an increase in the efficiency of the solarthermal energy generation plant. This is achieved in that a first superheater (14) for superheating the steam emerging from the water separator (12) is arranged between the water separator (12) and the high-pressure turbine (16).
The invention relates to a gas scrubber, in particular for a large-scale technical plant, connected downstream of a device fueled by a carbon fuel, wherein the gas scrubber comprises at least two gas scrubber stages (I, II, III, IV) for cleaning smoke or exhaust gas, having at least two adjacent hollow-body gas scrubber components (2-11, A, B, C) jointly disposed in a gas scrubber stage and/or in different gas scrubber stages, wherein at least one gas scrubber stage is implemented as a CO2 scrubbing, wherein a solution is to be provided whereby a large-scale technical and flexibly usable CO2 gas scrubber having an advantageous design can be implemented. The aim is achieved in that the at least two gas scrubber components (2-11, A, B, C) are disposed adjacent to each other and each cross-section thereof, in particular the gas-pervious flow cross-section thereof, is implemented at least substantially as a polygon, particularly as a rectangle, wherein the adjacent gas scrubber components each have at least one common boundary wall region (12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20) or boundary barrier region, preferably a common boundary wall or boundary barrier.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
B01D 53/18 - Unités d'absorptionDistributeurs de liquides
5.
SMOKE GAS PURIFICATION BY MEANS OF MULTISTAGE CO2 JET WASHING
The invention relates to a method for scrubbing a smoke or exhaust gas flow, particularly of an industrial plant, by means of at least three gas washing stages (I, II, III, IV), wherein a spray wash using a solution comprising NaOH or Ca(OH)2- is performed in a first gas washing stage (I), and a jet wash (33, 34) or Venturi wash having a smoke gas or exhaust gas flow fed concurrently with the washing fluid is performed in a second gas washing stage (II), providing a solution allowing scrubbing of a smoke or exhaust gas flow of gaseous carbon dioxide to be further improved in an advantageously designed manner. Said aim is achieved in that a second CO2 wash is performed by means of an absorber or installed column (7) having a smoke gas or exhaust gas flow counter to the washing fluid flow in a third gas washing stage (III).
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
B01D 53/18 - Unités d'absorptionDistributeurs de liquides
The invention relates to a method for recovering heat by joining a plurality of heat flows of a fossil-fired, in particular carbon-fired, power plant (1), which downstream of the combustion comprises a CO2 scrubbing station (58) for the flue gas by way of chemical absorption and/or desorption and associated CO2 compression (27), which method aims to enable a CO2 scrubbing station for the flue gas, with associated CO2 compression, to be integrated into the total energy heat flow and/or the total heat energy balance of a fossil-fired, in particular carbon-fired, preferably conventional, power plant in a way that is advantageous in terms of heating technology. This is achieved by decoupling thermal energy from the heat flow of the CO2 scrubbing station (58), with associated CO2 compression, in the form of at least one partial heat flow (Q8, Q9, Q10, Q11) and coupling it back into a heat flow that is coupled, directly or indirectly, to the heat flow of the boiler (2) or steam generator of the power plant (1), and/or by decoupling thermal energy from the flue gas heat flow (Q3) in the form of a partial heat flow (Q12, Q13, Q14) and coupling it back into the heat flow of the CO2 scrubbing station (58) with associated CO2 compression (27).
F01K 13/00 - Dispositions générales ou processus généraux de fonctionnement des installations complètes d'ensembles fonctionnels de machines à vapeur
F01K 23/10 - Ensembles fonctionnels caractérisés par plus d'une machine motrice fournissant de l'énergie à l'extérieur de l'ensemble, ces machines motrices étant entraînées par des fluides différents les cycles de ces machines motrices étant couplés thermiquement la chaleur de combustion provenant de l'un des cycles chauffant le fluide dans un autre cycle le fluide à la sortie de l'un des cycles chauffant le fluide dans un autre cycle
F01K 27/02 - Ensembles fonctionnels modifiés pour utiliser la chaleur perdue autre que celle provenant de l'évacuation, p. ex. la chaleur de frottement à l'intérieur de la machine motrice
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
For a steam generator comprising a combustion chamber fired with a fossil fuel and/or with particulate fuel containing carbon and at least one burner level comprising several burners (1) and/or at least one level comprising nozzles in the form of upper air nozzles and/or side wall nozzles, each having connected feed means (9, 10, 11, 12) and/or feed lines (2, 4, 5, 9a-9d, 10a-10d, 11a-11d, 12a-12d) through which/by means of which gas flows conveying combustion and/or oxidation oxygen can be fed to burners (1) and/or the nozzles (13) and/or the combustion chamber, a solution should be created by means of which undesired oxygen contents in the flue gas can be avoided during oxyfuel operation of the steam generator in the partial-load range. This is achieved in that the feed means (9, 10, 11, 12) and/or the feed lines (2, 2a-2d, 4, 5, 9a-9d, 10a-10d, 11a-11d, 12a-12d) are designed in such a way that at least one burner (1) or some of the burners (1) independently of the other burners (1) and/or a nozzle (13) or some of the nozzles (13) independently of the other nozzles (13) can be exposed to a gas flow providing the desired oxygen content or the desired oxygen concentration and/or the desired oxygen mass flow.
The invention relates to a membrane wall of a large-scale steam generator, comprising a number of tube-web-tube connections and/or finned pipe connections, in which each tube of the tube-web-tube connection or the finned tube of the finned tube connection is made from a steel material with ferritic-bainitic, martensitic or austenitic fine structure or a nickel-based alloy and the web connecting each tube of the finned tube combination is made completely of or in combination with a steel material with ferritic-bainitic, austenitic or martensitic fine structure or a nickel-based alloy, wherein the production of a membrane wall suitable for application in a 700°C power station can be economical produced with essentially the same technical production requirements. The above is achieved, wherein the membrane wall (1) at least partly has regions in which differing steel materials and/or nickel-based alloys are connected to each other as web or tube material or as finned tube material.
F22B 21/00 - Chaudières à tubes d'eau du type vertical ou semi-vertical, c.-à-d. où les faisceaux de tubes d'eau sont disposés verticalement ou pratiquement à la verticale
F22B 37/04 - Détails ou parties constitutives des chaudières à vapeur utilisables sur plus d'un type de chaudière à vapeur et caractérisées par un matériau particulier, p. ex. par l'emploi d'aciers particuliers
Disclosed is a method for the chemical water-steam conditioning of a water/steam/condensate medium which is conducted in the water-steam cycle of a particularly fossil fuel-operated, continuous steam generator (1) of a power plant and is fed to an air condenser (12) arranged downstream of a turbine system (8) in the water-steam cycle, said water-steam conditioning encompassing the metering of an alkalizing agent into the water/steam/condensate medium. The aim of the invention is to find, for said method, a solution which prevents erosion corrosion and corrosive nitrate and/or nitrite formation during a combined treatment (OT process) or neutral treatment when air-cooled condensers made of ferritic material are used in the water-steam cycle of a steam generator. Said aim is achieved by in particular additionally metering the alkalizing agent into the water/steam/condensate medium downstream of the continuous steam generator (1), preferably in the zone of at least one low-pressure turbine (1) and/or downstream of a low-pressure turbine (11), before the medium penetrates into the air condenser (12), and by adjusting and carrying out an all volatile treatment (AVT) of the water/steam conditioning process.
C23F 11/18 - Inhibition de la corrosion de matériaux métalliques par application d'inhibiteurs sur la surface menacée par la corrosion ou par addition d'inhibiteurs à l'agent corrosif dans d'autres liquides au moyen d'inhibiteurs inorganiques
F28F 19/00 - Prévention de la formation de dépôts ou de la corrosion, p. ex. en utilisant des filtres
F28G 9/00 - Nettoyage par lessivage ou par lavage, p. ex. avec des solvants chimiques
In a roller mill (1, 46), in particular a coal mill, comprising a mill housing (2) comprising a rotating grinding table (4) with grinding tools located thereon, in particular grinding rolls (5), a grind material feed (9), a classifier (8), at least one grind material exit (11), at least one sealing gas seal (14, 16, 17, 19) that seals off the mill interior (31) from the outside atmosphere in the area of moving mill elements and a carrier gas feed (12), wherein the roller mill (1, 46) can be operated in pressurized mode, a solution is to be provided that facilitates the use of recirculated stack gas as sealing gas without significantly affecting the mill environment. This is accomplished in that at least the at least one sealing gas seal (14, 16) comprises a first sealing chamber (22a, 22b, 22c) and a second sealing chamber (23a, 23b, 23c), wherein the first sealing chamber (22a, 23a, 22b, 22c) is acted upon by a sealing gas having a sealing gas pressure that is greater than the mill pressure in the mill interior (31) during milling operation and the second sealing chamber (23a, 23b, 23c) is acted upon by a sealing gas having a sealing gas pressure that is lower than the sealing gas of the first sealing chamber (22a, 22b, 22c) and wherein a take-off, in particular a line (24a, 24b, 24c), is disposed at the second sealing chamber (23a, 23b, 23c), said take-off discharging the sealing gas from the second sealing chamber (23a, 23b, 23c).
In a method for operating and controlling/regulating a power station comprising a coal-fired steam generator (11), the steam generator (11) of which is rated for the steam parameters achievable by the heat transfer onto the steam mass flow upon coal firing in the steam generator (11) carried out using combustion air, a solution is to be created, which enables the operation of coal-fired power stations rated for air operation utilizing a firing of the fuel carried out according to the oxy-fuel process in the firing chamber of the steam generator of the coal-fired power station. This is achieved in that a firing of the fuel containing coal is carried out in the steam generator (11) according to the oxy-fuel process utilizing approximately pure oxygen containing more than 95% by volume, and recirculated flue gas containing a high amount of CO2, such that the mass flows of all fuel flows supplied to the coal-fired burners (10) and to the steam generator (11), and the combustion gas, carrier gas, and process gas flows from the combustion oxygen and/or recirculated flue gas are configured and adjusted to each other with respect to the respective composition ratio thereof of oxygen and/or flue gas such that the heat transfer occurring in the steam generator by means of flame radiation, gas radiation, and convection onto the steam mass flow is maintained equal overall in the steam/water cycle as compared to air combustion, in particular, that the same steam parameters are obtained.
F22B 1/18 - Méthodes de production de vapeur caractérisées par le genre de chauffage par exploitation de l'énergie thermique contenue dans une source chaude la source chaude étant un gaz chaud, p. ex. des gaz d'évacuation tels que les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne
12.
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A MILL AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A MILL
The invention relates to a control system for a mill, particularly a roller grinding mill, comprising a mill control device (11), which is designed to control at least one mill characteristic on the basis of an associated target variable, and a fuzzy-control device (13), which is connected to the mill control device (11) and designed to adjust the target variable of the at least one mill characteristic to be controlled when at least one operating parameter of the mill deviates from a predefined normal range as a function of fuzzy rules that are based on said at least one operating parameter of the mill until the at least one operating parameter of the mill has reached the predefined normal range again. A solution is to be provided, which enables automated optimized mill operation even with changing operating conditions, particularly a mill operation that prevents the “mill rumbling”. This is achieved in that the at least one operating parameter of the mill encompasses at least the air pressure difference over the mill.
In a process for removing pollutants from a flue gas stream (31) formed in the firing of a fossil fuel in a combustion chamber of a power station in a plurality of process stages (1, 2, 3), which comprise a first process stage (1) in which the flue gas stream (31, 9, 10) is subjected to gas scrubbing with a first chemical absorbent (6), and a process stage (3) which precedes the first process stage (1), in which the flue gas stream (31) is subjected to a flue gas desulphurization treatment (11) with a calcium-containing chemical absorbent (32), a solution should be provided which makes it possible to reduce the pollutant and solids contents of a flue gas stream formed in the combustion of fossil fuels, in particular coal, to the extent that directly after, with sufficient service life CO2 separation can be carried out continuously by means of a flue gas scrubber and can be integrated into the exhaust gas purification of a power station, in particular coal power station. This is achieved in that, in the first process stage (1) in at least one first absorber (4, 4a, 36) or flue gas scrubber, a flue gas scrubbing is carried out by means of caustic soda solution or a sodium-hydroxide-containing solution which is fed to the flue gas stream (31, 9, 10) as the first chemical absorbent (6), wherein at least some of the caustic soda solution or sodium-hydroxide-containing solution in this first process stage (1) is returned (13), preferably in circulation, outside the flue gas stream (31, 9, 10) to the site of feeding this chemical absorbent (6) to the flue gas stream (31, 9, 10) and in the course of its return (13), before reaching the site of feeding to the flue gas stream (31, 9, 10) is cooled (16) outside the flue gas stream (31, 9, 10) and/or wherein the flue gas stream (31, 9, 10) is cooled within the first absorber (4, 4a, 36) or flue gas scrubber by means of a cooler or heat exchanger arranged therein.
F23J 15/04 - Aménagement des dispositifs de traitement de fumées ou de vapeurs des purificateurs, p. ex. pour enlever les matériaux nocifs utilisant des fluides de lavage
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