Embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise an adapter to couple a wire to a solder joint, with the adapter comprising a solder joint receiving hole and a wire attachment terminal.
Embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise an adapter to couple a wire to a solder joint, with the adapter comprising a solder joint receiving hole and a wire attachment terminal.
A method of linearizing an output of an interferometer includes: obtaining an optical signal from a laser at an input of the interferometer; converting, with a first photodiode connected to an optical through-port of the interferometer and a second photodiode connected to an optical cross-port of the interferometer, a detected optical intensity of the optical signal at the optical through-port and the optical cross-port into two photocurrents using self-homodyne detection; providing the two photocurrents to a logarithmic ratio amplifier to determine a logarithmic ratio of the two photocurrents; processing the logarithmic ratio by scaling the logarithmic ratio and introducing a DC output offset voltage to provide an output voltage; and compensating for the DC output offset voltage using a differential buffer amplifier connected to the output of the logarithmic ratio amplifier to provide a DC output voltage that corresponds to a linearized output of the interferometer.
H01S 3/137 - Stabilisation de paramètres de sortie de laser, p. ex. fréquence ou amplitude par commande de dispositifs placés dans la cavité pour la stabilisation de la fréquence
A shared OTDR resource is disclosed that utilizes a combination of a pluggable OTDR and incorporated 1×N optical switch to allow for OTDR measurement and monitoring functionality to be shared between a plurality of N separate optical fibers that are used as communication paths between a pair of optical nodes (for example, a plurality of individual fiber spans used to interconnect a pair of data centers). The capability to maintain the OTDR functionality within a small form factor pluggable housing (e.g., QSFP, OSFP, or the like) in combination with the switch results in a shared OTDR resource that remains pluggable, and allows for increased flexibility in how this resource is shared among the various fibers.
H04B 10/071 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal réfléchi, p. ex. utilisant des réflectomètres optiques temporels [OTDR]
A VCSEL can include: a substrate that passes light therethrough; a phase matching layer over a top mirror stack; a first metal layer over the phase matching layer; and an end metal region over the first metal layer. The phase matching layer and first metal layer have a cooperative thickness to provide reflectivity of at least a predetermined reflectivity threshold for the emission wavelength. A method of making a VCSEL can include: providing a substrate; forming a first mirror stack above the substrate; forming an active region above the first mirror stack; and forming a reflective end above the active region, the reflective end having a phase matching layer and a first metal layer. The phase matching layer and first metal layer have a combined thickness for the reflective end to have a reflectivity of at least a predetermined reflectivity threshold for an emission wavelength of the VCSEL.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
H01S 5/343 - Structure ou forme de la région activeMatériaux pour la région active comprenant des structures à puits quantiques ou à superréseaux, p. ex. lasers à puits quantique unique [SQW], lasers à plusieurs puits quantiques [MQW] ou lasers à hétérostructure de confinement séparée ayant un indice progressif [GRINSCH] dans des composés AIIIBV, p. ex. laser AlGaAs
Embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise a monolithic integrated circuit device comprising an addressable laser array, where the addressable laser array comprises a plurality of N light-emitting sources. Embodiments may also comprise a multiplexer including N transistors, where each of the N transistors are associated with a different one of the plurality of N light-emitting sources. In accordance with various embodiments, each of the N transistors may be operable to address the associated light-emitting source.
A small integrated free space circulator, comprising a first polarizing beam splitter (1), a half-wave plate (2), a Faraday rotating plate (3), a beam splitter (4), a quarter-wave plate (5), and a pair of reflective plates (6, 7), wherein the first polarizing beam splitter (1), the half-wave plate (2), the Faraday rotating plate (3), and the beam splitter (4) are sequentially arranged, the quarter-wave plate (5) and the reflective plate (6) are sequentially attached to a side surface of the first polarizing beam splitter (1) adjacent to the half-wave plate (2), and the reflective plate (7) is arranged on a side surface of the beam splitter (4, 8) adjacent to or opposite to the Faraday rotating plate (3); when the reflective plate (7) is arranged on the side surface of the beam splitter (8) opposite to the Faraday rotating plate (3), the reflective plate (7) partially covers the side surface of the beam splitter (8) opposite to the Faraday rotating plate (3). By means of an organic combination of optical elements such as the polarizing beam splitters (1, 4), the wave plates (2, 5), the Faraday rotating plate (3), the reflectors (6, 7), and the birefringent crystal (8), the device has advantages such as small volume, high integration, easy production, and low cost, and has a good market prospect.
G02F 1/09 - Dispositifs ou dispositions pour la commande de l'intensité, de la couleur, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction de la lumière arrivant d'une source lumineuse indépendante, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte ou modulationOptique non linéaire pour la commande de l'intensité, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la couleur basés sur des éléments magnéto-optiques, p. ex. produisant un effet Faraday
8.
STREAMLINED CATHODE BATTERY MATERIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS
H01M 4/525 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes inorganiques de nickel, de cobalt ou de fer d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes mixtes contenant du fer, du cobalt ou du nickel pour insérer ou intercaler des métaux légers, p. ex. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 ou LiCoOxFy
H01M 10/0525 - Batteries du type "rocking chair" ou "fauteuil à bascule", p. ex. batteries à insertion ou intercalation de lithium dans les deux électrodesBatteries à l'ion lithium
H01M 4/505 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes inorganiques de manganèse d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes mixtes contenant du manganèse pour insérer ou intercaler des métaux légers, p. ex. LiMn2O4 ou LiMn2OxFy
An optical circuit is used with continuous wave signals having different wavelengths at a channel spacing from one another. A portion of the optical circuit is implemented in a photonic integrated circuit. Modulators in a modulation stage modulate the continuous wave signals to produce modulated signals. A multiplexing stage, which can have multiplexing filters, power combiners, or power couplers, multiplexes the continuous wave or modulated signals to produce multiplexed signals. The multiplexing stage may be placed either before or after the modulation stage. One or more polarization rotator and combiner (PRC) devices in a final stage combines the multiplexed signals into an output signal. The output signal has a first set of the different wavelengths at a first polarization and has a second separate set of the different wavelengths at a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization.
The present disclosure relates to an improved method for the recovery of sulfate in hydrometallurgical processes. In one aspect, the process involves reacting a sulfate, such as lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) or Na2SO4 with a calcium (Ca) source, such as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or calcium oxide (CaO) in the presence of a chelating agent. The methods described herein may be used in, for example, mining and metallurgy, precursor cathode active material (pCAM) production, and battery recycling.
C01D 5/00 - Sulfates ou sulfites de sodium, de potassium ou des métaux alcalins en général
C22B 3/26 - Traitement ou purification de solutions, p. ex. de solutions obtenues par lixiviation par extraction liquide-liquide utilisant des composés organiques
C22B 26/20 - Obtention des métaux alcalino-terreux ou du magnésium
11.
ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITIONS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES USING THE SAME
Described herein are electrolyte compositions include a metal salt, such as a lithium salt, and a multifunctional group solvent. Also described herein are electrolyte compositions include a metal salt, such as a lithium salt, and a solvent system including a multifunctional group solvent and a co-solvent. Multifunctional group solvents according to the disclosure include at least two organic electron-donating functional groups.
Provided are a system and methodology for fraud detection and prevention to minimize an ongoing effect of fraud attack. The minimization is rooted in leveraging real-time recognition for delineated, time-based frequency for patterning within transaction data in which such patterning can be indicative of fraud. Once the recognition is performed, affected entities can be notified such that they may then institute efforts to thwart effects of the fraud attack. Still further, the recognition can serve to mitigate effects of fraud attack for subsequent iterations of transaction data by automating, in real-time, disapproval of transactions infected with the aforementioned patterning.
Systems for recovery of transport system faults may include at least one processor programmed or configured to identify a presence of a reduction of power in an optical transmission band of a plurality of optical transmission bands of an optical communications network, determine a cause of the reduction of power in the optical transmission band based on identifying the presence of the reduction of power in the optical transmission band, and perform an action to rectify the reduction of power in the optical transmission band using an optical communications light source. Methods and computer program products are also disclosed.
An optical configuration for providing chromatic dispersion compensation in a high data rate communication system is based upon using optical dispersion compensation in the receive signal path prior to performing an O/E conversion. The performance of chromatic dispersion compensation in the optical domain thus presents a “corrected” optical signal as an input to the photodetecting device. The inclusion of optical-based chromatic dispersion compensation allows for a higher data rate to be used without introducing an unacceptable bit error rate; alternatively, the use of optical-based dispersion correction allows for the reach of a data communications network to be increased.
Laser drivers and methods are disclosed including a pulse input for receiving one or more logical pulse control signals, a delay circuit, a main pulse output, and a precharge pulse output for efficiently driving a laser with reduced time delay to desired optical output and reduced power consumption during between optical outputs.
G01B 11/24 - Dispositions pour la mesure caractérisées par l'utilisation de techniques optiques pour mesurer des contours ou des courbes
H03K 5/13 - Dispositions ayant une sortie unique et transformant les signaux d'entrée en impulsions délivrées à des intervalles de temps désirés
H03K 17/687 - Commutation ou ouverture de porte électronique, c.-à-d. par d'autres moyens que la fermeture et l'ouverture de contacts caractérisée par l'utilisation de composants spécifiés par l'utilisation, comme éléments actifs, de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs les dispositifs étant des transistors à effet de champ
Embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise an optical amplifier system, the system comprising an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Embodiments may also comprise a C-band amplified spontaneous emission stage configured to generate C-band light. Embodiments may also comprise an L-band stage configured to generate L-Band light. Embodiments may also comprise a Raman amplifier comprising a fiber span. In accordance with various embodiments, the Raman amplifier may be pumped using a portion of the generated C-band light.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, c.-à-d. dispositifs utilisant l'émission stimulée de rayonnement électromagnétique dans la gamme de l’infrarouge, du visible ou de l’ultraviolet utilisant des effets de diffusion, p. ex. l'effet Brillouin ou Raman stimulé
An apparatus and method for signaling and transmitting data through an optical link is described. The apparatus may include a connector including a first plurality of contacts compatible with an enhanced SFP (SFP+) connector. The connector further includes an additional contact formed at a space adjacent to the first plurality of contacts. A tone generator couples to the additional contact to receive a first signal and to generate a first distinct tone indicative of the first signal for transmission via the additional contact. The method may include generating a first distinct tone indicative of a first signal providing control or status of an apparatus and transmitting or receiving a differential data signal over a portion of a first plurality of contacts compatible with an enhanced SFP (SFP+) connector. The first distinct tone is transmitted over the additional contact formed in a space adjacent to the first plurality of contacts.
An optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) device includes an optical transmitter, an optical receiver with multiple operating settings, an optical coupler, and a processor. The optical transmitter generates a probe signal comprising a train of pulses. The optical receiver generates time-varying measurements of a back-reflected signal resulting from injection of respective pulses of the probe signal into an optical fiber link. The optical coupler injects the probe signal from the optical transmitter into the optical fiber link and directs the back-reflected signal from the optical fiber link to the optical receiver. The processor generates a probe trace of the optical fiber link from first time-varying measurements of the back-reflected signal, identifies an intra-scan first transition point from the probe trace, and generates a range-extended trace of the optical fiber link from second time-varying measurements of the back-reflected signal in which the optical receiver transitions from a first operating setting to a second operating setting at the intra-scan first transition point.
An optical waveguide interferometer may include an input section, a middle section, and an output section, where the optical waveguide interferometer further includes a first arm portion having a first length that spans the input section, the middle section, and the output section, and a second arm portion having a second length that spans the input section, the middle section, and the output section, where the first length of the first arm portion is less than the second length of the second arm portion, and where the second arm portion has a curved shape.
G02F 1/225 - Dispositifs ou dispositions pour la commande de l'intensité, de la couleur, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction de la lumière arrivant d'une source lumineuse indépendante, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte ou modulationOptique non linéaire pour la commande de l'intensité, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la couleur par interférence dans une structure de guide d'ondes optique
20.
MULTI-LAYER DIELECTRIC COATINGS FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY DIELECTRIC GRATINGS
Systems and methods are provided for multi-layer dielectric coatings for high-efficiency dielectric gratings. A immersion grating based morphology includes a plurality of grating lines, an intermediate multi-layer structure, and a substrate bearing both of the plurality of grating lines and the intermediate multi-layer structure, with the intermediate multi-layer structure including a plurality of intermediate layers, and with the intermediate multi-layer structure configured to improve performance of the immersion grating based on predetermined performance criteria including, at least, reflective losses based performance. A transmission grating based morphology includes a plurality of grating lines, an intermediate multi-layer structure, and a substrate bearing both of the plurality of grating lines and the intermediate multi-layer structure, with the intermediate multi-layer structure including a plurality of intermediate layers, and with the intermediate multi-layer structure configured to improve performance of the transmission grating based on predetermined performance criteria including, at least, reflective losses based performance.
A system may include a wafer that includes ICs and defines cavities. Each cavity may be formed in a BEOL layer of the wafer and proximate a different IC. The system may also include an interposer that includes a transparent layer configured to permit optical signals to pass through. The interposer may also include at least one waveguide located proximate the transparent layer. The at least one waveguide may be configured to adiabatically couple at least one optical signal out of the multiple ICs. Further, the interposer may include a redirecting element optically coupled to the at least one the waveguide. The redirecting element may be located proximate the transparent layer and may be configured to receive the at least one optical signal from the at least one waveguide. The redirecting element may also be configured to vertically redirect the at least one optical signal towards the transparent layer.
An optoelectronic circuit used with signal light comprises photonic. The photonic devices are configured to condition the signal light and are fabricated with an optical characteristic being electronically tunable. A fabricated performance of the optical characteristic can be varied from a target performance due to a difference (e.g., alteration, change, error, or discrepancy) in the process used to fabricate the device. A ground bus, a power bus, and banks of electronic components are disposed on the platform in electrical communication with the photonic devices. The electronic components in a given bank are selectively configurable to tune the optical characteristic of the associated device so a variance can be diminished between the fabrication and target performances of the device's optical characteristic due to the difference in the fabrication process.
G02B 6/12 - Guides de lumièreDétails de structure de dispositions comprenant des guides de lumière et d'autres éléments optiques, p. ex. des moyens de couplage du type guide d'ondes optiques du genre à circuit intégré
G02B 6/13 - Circuits optiques intégrés caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication
G02B 6/293 - Moyens de couplage optique ayant des bus de données, c.-à-d. plusieurs guides d'ondes interconnectés et assurant un système bidirectionnel par nature en mélangeant et divisant les signaux avec des moyens de sélection de la longueur d'onde
A vacuum wafer chuck with solid diamond pins. The VCSEL device may comprise a plurality of layers forming a protective diode outside of the lithographic aperture area, wherein the surface area of the protective diode is larger than the surface area of said lithographic aperture.
H01L 21/683 - Appareils spécialement adaptés pour la manipulation des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou des dispositifs électriques à l'état solide pendant leur fabrication ou leur traitementAppareils spécialement adaptés pour la manipulation des plaquettes pendant la fabrication ou le traitement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou des dispositifs électriques à l'état solide ou de leurs composants pour le maintien ou la préhension
B23K 26/38 - Enlèvement de matière par perçage ou découpage
C04B 35/52 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base de non oxydes à base de carbone, p. ex. graphite
H01L 21/687 - Appareils spécialement adaptés pour la manipulation des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou des dispositifs électriques à l'état solide pendant leur fabrication ou leur traitementAppareils spécialement adaptés pour la manipulation des plaquettes pendant la fabrication ou le traitement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou des dispositifs électriques à l'état solide ou de leurs composants pour le maintien ou la préhension en utilisant des moyens mécaniques, p. ex. mandrins, pièces de serrage, pinces
24.
Method and System for Co-Deposited Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings
Embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise a protective coating, the protective coating comprising a bottom layer, comprising substantially a first material. and a top layer, comprising substantially diamond-like carbon. There is a blended layer between the bottom layer and the top layer, comprising first material and diamond-like carbon in varying concentrations.
C23C 28/00 - Revêtement pour obtenir au moins deux couches superposées, soit par des procédés non prévus dans un seul des groupes principaux , soit par des combinaisons de procédés prévus dans les sous-classes et
A fiber-based optical amplifier is formed to exhibit a reflective architecture in a particular configuration where a single pump source is shared among several individual reflective amplifier elements. A passive, non-variable power splitter is used to direct sub-beams of sufficient power into the rare-earth doped fiber contained within individual amplifiers. Since the reflective architecture results in an optical signal passing through the doped fiber coil (gain medium) twice, a lower pump power (compared to a conventional single-pass structure) may be used to obtain the same target output power level and the single pump source is considered as sufficient to provide enough output power to pass through a power splitting arrangement and deliver enough pump power to provide amplification of a propagating optical signal in each of the individual amplifiers.
A method of producing reaction bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) ceramic components containing internal channels is described. In some embodiments, methods as described herein may utilize diamond powder at the interface of two or more preformed sections.
C04B 37/00 - Liaison des articles céramiques cuits avec d'autres articles céramiques cuits ou d'autres articles, par chauffage
C04B 35/565 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base de non oxydes à base de carbures à base de carbure de silicium
C04B 38/00 - Mortiers, béton, pierre artificielle ou articles de céramiques poreuxLeur préparation
27.
OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR LIQUID IMMERSION COOLING
An optoelectronic device for immersion in a liquid coolant includes a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) having opposing sides and having an optoelectronic component coupled on one side. A lens block mounted to the side of the PCBA encloses a plenum over the optoelectronic component. An opening defined in the lens block forms a reflective surface. The lens block has a first lens facing the optoelectronic component and opposing the reflective surface. The lens block also has a second lens facing a ferrule, which connects to optical fibers and couples to the lens block. A first seal seals the lens block mounted to the PCBA and separates the plenum from the liquid coolant. An insert is disposed in the opening to protect the reflective surface, and a second seal seals the opening and the insert in the lens block. A third seal seals the ferrule to the lens block.
Systems and methods are provided for ultra-fast modulation vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). An example optical device includes an optical source and an electro-absorption modulated laser (EML) based structure on top of the optical source. The electro-absorption modulated laser (EML) based structure includes a grating structure, with the grating structure including a plurality of grating lines, and with the grating structure further including Pockels material disposed within the grating structure.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
H01S 5/11 - Structure ou forme du résonateur optique comprenant une structure de bande photonique interdite
This disclosure describes a glucose monitor with one or more photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs). The PCSEL comprises a plurality of photonics crystal sections. Each photonics crystal section is operable to emit light of a different wavelength. The horizontal emission by each photonics crystal section may be constrained by edge lattice sections.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
30.
Semiconductor Laser Assembly with Thin Film Lithium Compound Waveguide
A semiconductor laser assembly includes an array of surface emitting lasers having a light emitting surface and an opposing surface; at least one electrical contact electrically connected to provide to the array of surface emitting lasers an electrical bias from an external electrical source; and an optical waveguide over the light emitting surface. The optical waveguide includes lithium.
H01S 5/20 - Structure ou forme du corps semi-conducteur pour guider l'onde optique
H01S 5/323 - Structure ou forme de la région activeMatériaux pour la région active comprenant des jonctions PN, p. ex. hétérostructures ou doubles hétérostructures dans des composés AIIIBV, p. ex. laser AlGaAs
H01S 5/42 - Réseaux de lasers à émission de surface
An optoelectronic device, including a tunable optical filter or tunable optical filter with photodiode, uses voltage differentials to filter an optical signal passing along an optical path. A membrane has an electrode and is disposed adjacent a fixed mirror and another. A central portion of the membrane is distanced from the fixed mirror and has an aperture in which a second mirror is disposed. This second mirror translates with the membrane at a freespace gap relative to the fixed mirror when the electrodes are subject to the voltage differentials. In turn, the freespace gap is configured as a Fabry-Perot etalon to pass one or more spectral frequencies of the optical signal along the optical path. The membrane is shaped and reinforced to limit possible bowing. The translatable mirror in the aperture of the membrane is also shaped and reinforced to limit it from possible bowing as well.
G02B 26/08 - Dispositifs ou dispositions optiques pour la commande de la lumière utilisant des éléments optiques mobiles ou déformables pour commander la direction de la lumière
G01J 3/26 - Production du spectreMonochromateurs en utilisant une réflexion multiple, p. ex. interféromètre de Fabry-Perot, filtre à interférences variables
G02B 26/00 - Dispositifs ou dispositions optiques pour la commande de la lumière utilisant des éléments optiques mobiles ou déformables
G02B 26/02 - Dispositifs ou dispositions optiques pour la commande de la lumière utilisant des éléments optiques mobiles ou déformables pour commander l'intensité de la lumière
In one example, a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) may include an active region to produce light at a wavelength, an emission surface to emit the light at the wavelength, a first oxide region spaced apart from the active region by a distance of at least a half-wavelength of the wavelength, a first oxide aperture in the first oxide region, a second oxide region between the first oxide region and the second oxide region, and a second oxide aperture in the second oxide region. The emitted light may have a divergence angle that is based on the respective positions and thicknesses of the first oxide region and the second oxide region.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
H01S 5/343 - Structure ou forme de la région activeMatériaux pour la région active comprenant des structures à puits quantiques ou à superréseaux, p. ex. lasers à puits quantique unique [SQW], lasers à plusieurs puits quantiques [MQW] ou lasers à hétérostructure de confinement séparée ayant un indice progressif [GRINSCH] dans des composés AIIIBV, p. ex. laser AlGaAs
H01S 5/40 - Agencement de plusieurs lasers à semi-conducteurs, non prévu dans les groupes
33.
IMMOBILIZED CHALCOGEN COMPRISING A CHALCOGEN ELEMENT, AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL, AND HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE GATE AND USE THEREOF IN A RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
A composite composition comprising includes a carbon material, a chalcogen immobilized in and/or on the carbon material, and a hydrophilic membrane gate. The hydrophilic membrane gate comprise a plurality of carbohydrates bound to each other by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The carbohydrates have both hydrogen bond donating groups and hydrogen bond accepting groups, one or more of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds break and one or more of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds form in response to changes in volume of the composite composition. The composite composition be employed in a cathode of a rechargeable battery.
H01M 4/136 - Électrodes à base de composés inorganiques autres que les oxydes ou les hydroxydes, p. ex. sulfures, séléniures, tellurures, halogénures ou LiCoFy
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
H01M 4/36 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs
H01M 4/58 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de composés inorganiques autres que les oxydes ou les hydroxydes, p. ex. sulfures, séléniures, tellurures, halogénures ou LiCoFyEmploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de structures polyanioniques, p. ex. phosphates, silicates ou borates
H01M 4/62 - Emploi de substances spécifiées inactives comme ingrédients pour les masses actives, p. ex. liants, charges
A display system includes a display screen layer, a coupling region, an upper guide, a first coupler, a second coupler, and an optical element. The coupling region may be positioned along a sidewall of the display screen layer and may route a beam between the optical element and the upper guide and may route the beam between the first coupler and the second coupler. The first coupler may be positioned along a front surface of the upper guide and may couple a beam through the front surface of the upper guide. The second coupler may be positioned between the coupling region and the upper guide and may couple the beam between the coupling region and the upper guide. The optical element may be positioned below a back surface of the upper guide. A computing device with the display system is also disclosed.
G09G 3/34 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande présentant un intérêt uniquement pour l'affichage utilisant des moyens de visualisation autres que les tubes à rayons cathodiques pour la présentation d'un ensemble de plusieurs caractères, p. ex. d'une page, en composant l'ensemble par combinaison d'éléments individuels disposés en matrice en commandant la lumière provenant d'une source indépendante
G09G 3/3208 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande présentant un intérêt uniquement pour l'affichage utilisant des moyens de visualisation autres que les tubes à rayons cathodiques pour la présentation d'un ensemble de plusieurs caractères, p. ex. d'une page, en composant l'ensemble par combinaison d'éléments individuels disposés en matrice utilisant des sources lumineuses commandées utilisant des panneaux électroluminescents semi-conducteurs, p. ex. utilisant des diodes électroluminescentes [LED] organiques, p. ex. utilisant des diodes électroluminescentes organiques [OLED]
35.
LIGHT SOURCE WITH INTEGRATED MONITOR PHOTODETECTOR AND DIFFUSER
A light source includes a substrate with a first surface and an opposite second surface. An epitaxial layer is positioned on the first surface of the substrate. The light source also includes at least one light generator in the epitaxial layer positioned such that an optical signal transmitted thereby is directed toward the substrate. A diffuser is positioned on the second surface of the substrate, and at least one monitor photodetector is positioned in the epitaxial layer in an arrangement configured to receive a portion of the optical signal which is reflected by the diffuser. In one form, the light generator may include a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).
H01S 5/026 - Composants intégrés monolithiques, p. ex. guides d'ondes, photodétecteurs de surveillance ou dispositifs d'attaque
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
H01S 5/42 - Réseaux de lasers à émission de surface
A dual output laser diode may include first and second end facets and an active section. The first and second end facets have low reflectivity. The active section is positioned between the first end facet and the second end facet. The active section is configured to generate light that propagates toward each of the first and second end facets. The first end facet is configured to transmit a majority of the light that reaches the first end facet through the first end facet. The second end facet is configured to transmit a majority of the light that reaches the second end facet through the second end facet.
H01S 3/0941 - Procédés ou appareils pour l'excitation, p. ex. pompage utilisant le pompage optique par de la lumière cohérente produite par un laser à semi-conducteur, p. ex. par une diode laser
Systems and methods are provided for biochemical detection with ultra wideband coherent optical combs. An example biosensor includes an optical excitation source configured to generate an optical excitation signal, a programmable optical filter, an optical detector, and detection circuitry configured to apply coherent mixing detection. During a biosensory operation the optical excitation signal is applied to a biochemical sample that includes at least one targeted biochemical agent, and the optical detector captures a first signal that includes spectral responses corresponding to applying the optical excitation signal. The programmable optical filter applies optical filtering to a copy of the optical excitation signal, based on a matching target reference signal for the targeted biochemical agent, to generate second signal. The detection circuitry applies coherent mixing detection to the first signal and the second signal generated. Applying the coherent mixing detection includes combining the first signal and the second signal line-by-line.
A61B 5/1455 - Mesure des caractéristiques du sang in vivo, p. ex. de la concentration des gaz dans le sang ou de la valeur du pH du sang en utilisant des capteurs optiques, p. ex. des oxymètres à photométrie spectrale
38.
Double Waveguide Structure For Edge-Emitting Semiconductor Laser And Method Of Forming The Same
An edge-emitting semiconductor laser and fabrication method is disclosed that includes a second, passive waveguide and cladding layer disposed above the multi-layer arrangement of a first waveguiding layer and a first cladding layer. The active region of the laser is contained within or along a lower surface of the first waveguiding layer, as in standard devices. The regrowth interface is located along a top surface of the first cladding layer, as compared to the prior art where this interface is located within the first waveguiding layer. The resulting configuration exhibits an improved coupling efficiency by maintaining the propagating optical mode within the active waveguiding layer and away from the regrowth interface.
A machine featuring a treatment tool that grinds a surface to a desired profile, imparts a desired roughness to that surface, and removes contamination from the surface, the machine configured to control multiple independent input variables simultaneously, the controllable variables selected from the group consisting of (i) velocity, (ii) rotation, and (iii) dither of the treatment tool, and (iv) pressure of the treatment tool against the surface. The machine can move the treatment tool with six degrees of freedom.
B24B 37/005 - Moyens de commande pour machines ou dispositifs de rodage
B24B 1/00 - Procédés de meulage ou de polissageUtilisation d'équipements auxiliaires en relation avec ces procédés
B24B 7/00 - Machines ou dispositifs pour meuler les surfaces planes des pièces, y compris ceux pour le polissage des surfaces planes en verreAccessoires à cet effet
B24B 7/04 - Machines ou dispositifs pour meuler les surfaces planes des pièces, y compris ceux pour le polissage des surfaces planes en verreAccessoires à cet effet comportant une table porte-pièce rotative
B24B 7/22 - Machines ou dispositifs pour meuler les surfaces planes des pièces, y compris ceux pour le polissage des surfaces planes en verreAccessoires à cet effet caractérisés par le fait qu'ils sont spécialement étudiés en fonction des propriétés de la matière des objets non métalliques à meuler pour meuler de la matière inorganique, p. ex. de la pierre, des céramiques, de la porcelaine
B24B 27/00 - Autres machines ou dispositifs à meuler
B24B 37/10 - Machines ou dispositifs de rodageAccessoires conçus pour travailler les surfaces planes caractérisés par le déplacement de la pièce ou de l'outil de rodage pour un rodage simple face
B24B 41/047 - Têtes de meulage pour le travail de surfaces planes
40.
System, Method, and Computer Program Product for a Configurable Channelized Broadband Light Source
Systems may include a broadband light source device, which may include at least one processor programmed or configured to receive an electrical control signal for operating a component of a plurality of components of a spectrum control device of the broadband light source device, determine which component of the plurality of components of the spectrum control device to operate based on the electrical control signal, and operate a first component of the plurality of components of the spectrum control device based on determining to operate the first component. Methods and computer program products are also disclosed.
H04B 10/077 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant un signal de surveillance ou un signal supplémentaire
The disclosure relates to a system and method for monitoring a high power laser beam in a laser material processing optical system, and provides a device and method for monitoring a high power laser beam. According to the present disclosure a detailed determination of properties of a high-power laser beam takes place in the direction of an optical fiber or laser beam entering a laser processing head connected to the laser source and these measurements can be performed during the processing operation. The device according to the present disclosure has optical sensors for measuring the intensity and respective current laser power.
The present disclosure provides a system for cooling a mirror, comprising a rotatable mirror which is mounted on an axis of rotation and which has, behind a reflecting surface, at least one gas channel with an inlet and at least one outlet; and a static supply for a gas which has an outlet which is connected via a gap and thus contactlessly to the inlet of the gas channel of the rotatable mirror for supplying a gas. Furthermore, a method for cooling a mirror is disclosed, as well as the use of the system in a laser processing head.
A method for monitoring the process in laser material processing and provides a corresponding method, comprising the steps of taking a real-time image comprising the position and surrounding of the process where material processing occurs by a camera that is arranged in or on a laser material processing head; determining at least one image section in the real-time image and its position on a camera sensor; determining an actual position of the process in the material processing, and a nominal position of the relevant image detail using a projection of programmed path data for controlling the laser material processing head in the section of the real-time image, and the transfer of the at least one image section from the camera to a computer.
A pluggable bidirectional optical amplifier module may include preamp and booster optical amplifiers and a housing. The preamp optical amplifier may be configured to amplify optical signals traveling in a first direction. The booster optical amplifier may be configured to amplify optical signals traveling in a second direction. The housing may at least partially enclose the preamp optical amplifier and the booster optical amplifier. The pluggable bidirectional optical amplifier module may have a mechanical form factor that is compliant with a pluggable communication module form factor MSA. A colorless mux/demux cable assembly may be operated with the pluggable bidirectional optical amplifier. The colorless mux/demux cable assembly may include a 1:N optical splitter a N:1 optical combiner coupled side-by-side to the 1:N optical splitter, a first fiber optic cable optic cable, and a second fiber optic cable.
A semiconductor laser is formed to include a current blocking layer that is positioned below the active region of the device and used to minimize current spreading beyond the defined dimensions of an output beam's optical mode. When used in conjunction with other current-confining structures typically disposed above the active region (e.g., ridge waveguide, electrical isolation, oxide aperture), the inclusion of the lower current blocking layer improves the efficiency of the device. The current blocking layer may be used in edge-emitting devices or vertical cavity surface-emitting devices, and also functions to improve mode shaping and reduction of facet deterioration by directing current flow away from the facets.
H01S 5/20 - Structure ou forme du corps semi-conducteur pour guider l'onde optique
H01S 5/10 - Structure ou forme du résonateur optique
H01S 5/22 - Structure ou forme du corps semi-conducteur pour guider l'onde optique ayant une structure à nervures ou à bandes
H01S 5/32 - Structure ou forme de la région activeMatériaux pour la région active comprenant des jonctions PN, p. ex. hétérostructures ou doubles hétérostructures
H01S 5/323 - Structure ou forme de la région activeMatériaux pour la région active comprenant des jonctions PN, p. ex. hétérostructures ou doubles hétérostructures dans des composés AIIIBV, p. ex. laser AlGaAs
This disclosure describes a Time of Flight (ToF) device leveraging semiconductor Fan-Out Panel Level Packaging (FOPLP) technology. The ToF device comprises a laser, a transmit optical assembly (TxO), a receive optical assembly (RxO), and a time of flight (ToF) sensor. The laser and the ToF sensor are embedded in a first compound. The TxO and the RxO are embedded in second compound that is different than the first compound.
An epoxy-based glue includes an epoxy material, and a solids component including diamond powder and silicon-carbide particles. The adhesive material may be used to form reaction-bonded silicon-carbide bonding reaction-bonded silicon-carbide parts together. The present disclosure also relates to a method of assembling a product from preforms, including locating an adhesive layer, containing diamond powder, between opposed preform surfaces, carbonizing the layer, and infiltrating molten silicon into the preforms and the carbonized layer to convert the preforms into corresponding reaction-bonded silicon-carbide parts, and to convert the carbonized layer into a reaction-bonded silicon-carbide bonding region with a reduced amount of residual silicon. An assembled product, including at least two reaction-bonded silicon-carbide parts bonded together by processing a diamond-containing adhesive, is also disclosed.
C09J 11/04 - Additifs non macromoléculaires inorganiques
C09J 5/06 - Procédés de collage en généralProcédés de collage non prévus ailleurs, p. ex. relatifs aux amorces comprenant un chauffage de l'adhésif appliqué
C09J 163/00 - Adhésifs à base de résines époxyAdhésifs à base de dérivés des résines époxy
48.
METHOD AND SYSTEMS FOR IMAGE SEGMENTING AND JOINING
A method for joining materials, comprising: providing two materials; placing a first portion of a first material adjacent to a second portion of a second material; taking a digital image of the first and second portions by an imaging sensor; converting the digital image into a tensor, the tensor comprising first, second, and third dimensions, wherein the first dimension comprises a height of the digital image, the second dimension comprises a width of the digital image, and the third dimension comprises a number of digital channels of the imaging sensor, entering the tensor into a trained neural network (NN); outputting a segmentation mask by the NN, determining a joining point using the segmentation mask; and joining the first and second material at the joining point.
H02K 15/00 - Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication, l'assemblage, l'entretien ou la réparation des machines dynamo-électriques
B23K 31/02 - Procédés relevant de la présente sous-classe, spécialement adaptés à des objets ou des buts particuliers, mais non couverts par un seul des groupes principaux relatifs au brasage ou au soudage
This disclosure is directed an electrode and an electrochemical device having an electrode. The electrode includes a body with an active material that can react with ions in an electrochemical reaction within the electrochemical device. The body has a first surface that can abut against electrolyte of a separator of the electrochemical device, and second surfaces that define a plurality of cavities extending a depth from the first surface into the electrode. The plurality of cavities define pathways into the electrode that receive the electrolyte. The pathways improve ion transfer from the electrolyte to an inner subset of the active material that is located closer to one or more of the pathways than to the first surface.
A circulator cable configured to couple an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to an optical fiber span under test is provided. The circulator cable includes a bandpass optical filter configured to be coupled to an optical input port of the OTDR; and a directional optical coupling device coupled to the bandpass optical filter and an optical output port of the OTDR and configured to direct propagation of an optical probe signal generated by the OTDR from the optical output port toward the optical fiber span under test and direct reflections attributed to the optical probe signal from the optical fiber span under test into the bandpass pass optical filter.
Described herein are embodiments of a diffractive optical element (23) such as a grism. In one embodiment, the diffractive optical element (23) includes an input surface (31) configured to receive an input optical signal (29), a diffractive surface (33) adapted to spatially disperse the input optical beam (29) into a dispersed signal and an output surface (35) configured to output the dispersed signal from the diffractive optical element. The input surface (31) and the diffractive surface (33) are non-parallel and the diffractive surface (33) is formed in situ by a photolithographic technique.
F21K 9/232 - Sources lumineuses rétrocompatibles pour dispositifs d’éclairage avec un seul culot pour chaque source lumineuse, p. ex. pour le remplacement de lampes à incandescence avec un culot à baïonnette ou à vis spécialement adaptées à la génération de lumière essentiellement omnidirectionnelle, p. ex. avec une ampoule en verre
F21K 9/238 - Agencement ou montage d’éléments de circuit intégrés dans la source lumineuse
F21V 5/04 - Réfracteurs pour sources lumineuses de forme lenticulaire
A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) may include an active region (e.g., one or more quantum wells) and a chirped pattern reflector. The active region may be configured to be electrically pumped such that the active region generates light having a fundamental mode and a higher order mode. The chirped pattern reflector may include a first portion presenting to the active region as a first portion of an effective mirror having a concave shape and a second portion presenting to the active region as a second portion of the effective mirror having a convex shape.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
H01S 5/34 - Structure ou forme de la région activeMatériaux pour la région active comprenant des structures à puits quantiques ou à superréseaux, p. ex. lasers à puits quantique unique [SQW], lasers à plusieurs puits quantiques [MQW] ou lasers à hétérostructure de confinement séparée ayant un indice progressif [GRINSCH]
53.
ASPHERIC LENS WITH SOLID SHELL AND LIQUID INNER CORE
An optical lens includes an aspheric-shaped shell formed of an optical material, an optical plate connected to the aspheric-shaped shell, and a viscous fluid fluidically sealed in a cavity between the aspheric-shaped shell and the optical plate.
G02B 3/12 - Lentilles remplies d'un fluide ou à l'intérieur desquelles le vide a été fait
B29D 11/00 - Fabrication d'éléments optiques, p. ex. lentilles ou prismes
G02B 1/06 - Éléments optiques caractérisés par la substance dont ils sont faitsRevêtements optiques pour éléments optiques faits de fluides en cellules transparentes
Described herein is a wavelength reference device comprising a housing defining an internal environment having a known temperature. A broadband optical source is disposed within the housing and configured to emit an optical signal along an optical path. The optical signal has optical power within a wavelength band of interest. An optical etalon is also disposed within the housing and positioned in the optical path to filter the optical signal to define a filtered optical signal that includes one or more reference spectral features having a known wavelength at the known temperature. The device also includes an optical output for outputting the filtered optical signal.
An optical element includes a substrate, an intermediate layer, a topmost layer, and a contiguous multitude of recessed and non-recessed areal regions. The intermediate layer is formed over a top surface of the substrate and has a refractive index nI. The topmost layer is formed directly on the intermediate layer and has a refractive index nT where nT=nI. The intermediate and topmost layers are substantially transparent over an operational wavelength range that includes a design wavelength λ0. A subset of areal regions has a largest transverse dimension less than about λ0. Each non-recessed areal region includes corresponding portions of the intermediate and topmost layers. Each recessed areal region extends entirely through the topmost layer and at least partly through the intermediate layer. A fill medium fills the recessed areal regions. The areal regions are variously sized and distributed transversely across the optical element.
An optical frequency-division demultiplexer, with a plurality of cascaded half-band filters, each of which comprises a plurality of stages. At least a first half-band filter and a second half-band filter have different orders but the same channel spacing.
A composite material can include: a substrate of a first reaction-bonded silicon carbide (first RB—SiC) material; and a reaction-bonded diamond-retaining silicon carbide (RB-DSiC) layer bonded to a surface of the substrate. In some aspects, the RB-DSiC layer includes diamond particles bonded with a second reaction-bonded silicon carbide (second RB—SiC) material. The diamond particles may be homogeneously distributed through the second RB—SiC or only at the surface thereof. The diamond particles can be in an ordered pattern or un-ordered pattern. For example, a CMP conditioning disc can include the composite material of one of the embodiments.
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) device has photonic devices arranged in an array with respect to control and common conductors. Each of the photonic devices has a photonic component (e.g., photodiode, thermo-optic phase shifter, etc.) and a switching diode connected in series with one another between a control connection and a common connection. The photonic component has at least one optical port, which can be coupled to a waveguide in the PIC device. The switching diode is configured to switch between reverse and forward bias in response to the electrical signals. In this way, control circuitry for providing control and monitoring signals to the conductors can be greatly simplified, and the PIC device can be more compact.
A method for casting a preform part for reaction bonding, the method comprising coating an inner surface of a mold and a mandrel surface with release layers. An assembled mold is formed from the mold and the mandrel and a preform cake is formed by pouring a slurry into a mold cavity and letting it settle. Thermally removing the release layers aids in removing the mandrel and removing the preform cake after pyrolyzing.
B28B 21/42 - Procédés ou machines spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des objets de forme tubulaire par façonnage sur des mandrins ou des surfaces de moulage similaires
B28B 7/38 - Traitement des moules, des noyaux ou des mandrins pour empêcher le collage
B28B 21/88 - Noyaux réglables, démontables ou expansibles
B28B 21/92 - Méthodes ou appareils pour le traitement final ou de remise en forme
60.
Buried Grid Double Junction Barrier Schottky Diode and Method of Making
A buried grid double junction barrier Schottky diode may include a drift layer, a grid layer comprising a plurality of grid segments at least partially in the drift layer, a regrown layer on the grid layer and the drift layer, and first and second Schottky material layers. The grid segments may define at least one grid spacing area between adjacent grid segments. The first Schottky material layer may be at least partially on the regrown layer and may at least partially overlap the grid segments of the grid layer. The second Schottky material layer may be at least partially on the regrown layer and may at least partially overlap the grid spacing area(s). The second Schottky material layer may have a different Schottky barrier height than the first Schottky material layer. A method of making a buried grid double junction barrier Schottky diode is also disclosed.
H01L 29/417 - Electrodes caractérisées par leur forme, leurs dimensions relatives ou leur disposition relative transportant le courant à redresser, à amplifier ou à commuter
H01L 29/66 - Types de dispositifs semi-conducteurs
61.
WAVELENGTH-TUNED SLED USED AS OPTICAL SOURCE FOR ULTRA-WIDEBAND WAVELENGTH REFERENCE
A wavelength reference device can be used to self-calibrate an optical channel monitor. The device includes a broadband source, a thermal source, and an optical filter, which can include one or more filters. A housing can house each of these components or can house at least the broadband source and thermal source. The broadband source emits an optical signal along an optical path. The thermal source in thermal communication with the broadband source can adjust the operating temperature of the broadband source within a temperature range. The temperature range is configured to shift optical power of the broadband source with respect to a multi-band wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) range such that the optical power meets a minimum power level towards lower and higher frequencies of the range. The optical filter(s) positioned in the optical path can filter the optical signal to create a spectral shape for use in wavelength referencing.
H04J 14/02 - Systèmes multiplex à division de longueur d'onde
H04B 10/079 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant des mesures du signal de données
62.
VCSEL-BASED FREE SPACE ACTIVE OPTICAL TRANSCEIVER COMPONENT
A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL)-based free space active optical transceiver component is provided, which includes: a transmitter that includes a plurality of VCSELs (12), at least one photodiode (13), a first focusing lens array (14) or a first optical system (14), and a first printed circuit board (11); and a receiver that includes a plurality of photodiodes (22), at least one VCSEL (23), a second focusing lens array (24) or a second optical system (25), and a second printed circuit board (21). The transmission and reception of a short/medium-distance free space (wireless) high-speed optical communication signal can be implemented, and a single-channel transceiving rate may reach 10 Gbps or higher. The component may be used for implementing a free space high-speed signal transmission function in a short/medium-range high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) device. In addition, the component also has the characteristics of free space connection, high transmission rate, low cost, small size, easy assembly and mass production, etc., and has a broad market prospect.
A dome protects an articulating gimbal that orients a line-of-sight of a laser beam. The dome is mounted on a host and encloses the articulating gimbal. The dome has first and second shells. The first shell is rotatable about a first axis relative to the host, and the second shell is disposed on the first shell and is rotatable about a second axis relative to the first shell. A first actuator is coupled to the first shell and is configured to rotate the first shell about the first axis relative to the host. A second actuator is coupled to the second shell and is configured to rotate the second shell about the second axis relative to the first shell. A controller is coupled to the first and second actuators and is configured to match the rotation of the first and second shells to the line-of-sight of the laser beam.
F16M 11/12 - Moyens pour la fixation des appareilsMoyens permettant le réglage des appareils par rapport au banc permettant la rotation dans plus d'une direction
F16M 13/02 - Autres supports ou appuis pour positionner les appareils ou les objetsMoyens pour maintenir en position les appareils ou objets tenus à la main pour être portés par un autre objet ou lui être fixé, p. ex. à un arbre, une grille, un châssis de fenêtre, une bicyclette
A photonics integrated circuit chip includes a substrate, an interface port unit IPU formed on the substrate, a photonics circuit unit PCU formed on the substrate, a photonics circuit 1PC formed on the substrate and optically coupled between the interface port unit IPU and the photonics circuit unit PCU, and a photonics circuit 2PC formed on the substrate and optically coupled between the interface port unit IPU and the photonics circuit unit PCU in parallel with photonics circuit 1PC. The photonics circuit 1PC and the photonics circuit 2PC may be at least one of the following: functional duplicates of each other with intentionally introduced physical differences in their fabrication layouts; differently optically tuned versions of each other; and/or functionally equivalent versions of each other with intentionally introduced differences in their circuit layouts.
G02B 6/12 - Guides de lumièreDétails de structure de dispositions comprenant des guides de lumière et d'autres éléments optiques, p. ex. des moyens de couplage du type guide d'ondes optiques du genre à circuit intégré
65.
Control of linear trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) during settling after recovering from loss of signal in receiver
An optical device for optical signals comprises: a photodiode configured to receive the optical signals; and a linear transimpedance amplifier (TIA) having an input stage, an output stage, and at least one variable gain amplifier (VGA) provided between the input stage and the output stage. The optical device also comprises: an automatic gain control loop configured to rectify an output of the at least one VGA and compare the rectified output with a threshold gain setting to generate an automatic gain control voltage; and a detection circuitry being configured to detect a rate of change in the automatic gain control voltage and being configured to determine a first state indicative of an absence of the optical signals at the photodiode. At least in response to the determined first state, the detection circuitry is configured to disable the output stage of the linear TIA.
An optical polarizer includes a dielectric substrate and a number of elongated dielectric ridges positioned or disposed in spaced relation on a surface of the substrate. Each dielectric ridge has a length direction, curved or straight, that extends along the surface of the substrate. Each dielectric ridge also includes a pair of spaced sides that extend away from the surface of the substrate and a top extending between the spaced sides opposite the surface of the substrate. Each side of each dielectric ridge includes an electrically conductive coating.
G02B 1/16 - Revêtements optiques obtenus par application sur les éléments optiques ou par traitement de la surface de ceux-ci ayant un effet antistatique, p. ex. revêtements conducteurs électriques
67.
OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR LIQUID IMMERSION COOLING
An optoelectronic device for immersion in a liquid coolant includes a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) (80)having opposing sides and having an optoelectronic component (90)coupled on one side. A lens block (70)mounted to the side of the PCBA (80)encloses a plenum(713) over the optoelectronic component(90). An opening(74) defined in the lens block(70) forms a reflective surface(75). The lens block(70) has a first lens(71) facing the optoelectronic component(90) and opposing the reflective surface(75). The lens block(70) also has a second lens(76) facing a ferrule(66), which connects to optical fibers(56) and couples to the lens block(70). A first seal(110) seals the lens block(70) mounted to the PCBA(80) and separates the plenum(713) from the liquid coolant. An insert(130) is disposed in the opening(74) to protect the reflective surface(75), and a second seal(126) seals the opening(74) and the insert(130) in the lens block(70). A third seal(120) seals the ferrule(66) to the lens block(70).
An optical isolator includes a polarizer for receiving an optical signal from an optical signal source, a Faraday rotator disposed on one surface of the polarizer for rotating a polarization of the optical signal output by the polarizer and outputting the same as a rotator output optical signal, and an analyzer disposed on an opposing surface of the polarizer for receiving the rotator output optical signal and for outputting at least a part thereof. The polarizer and the analyzer each include a number of spaced elongated dielectric ridges. Each dielectric ridge has a length direction extending along the one surface of the Faraday rotator, pair of spaced sides that extend away from the one surface of the Faraday rotator and a top extending between the spaced sides opposite the one surface of the Faraday rotator. Each dielectric ridge includes an electrically conductive coating on each side of the dielectric ridge.
G02F 1/095 - Dispositifs ou dispositions pour la commande de l'intensité, de la couleur, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction de la lumière arrivant d'une source lumineuse indépendante, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte ou modulationOptique non linéaire pour la commande de l'intensité, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la couleur basés sur des éléments magnéto-optiques, p. ex. produisant un effet Faraday dans une structure de guide d'ondes optique
69.
3D GATE CONTROL CONNECTION OF A POWER MODULE WITH AT LEAST ONE CONTROLLED POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DIE
This disclosure describes a power semiconductor module with at least one controlled power semiconductor bare die on an isolation substrate. The power semiconductor bare die includes a gate and a return control connection associated with pins that extend perpendicularly from the top of the power semiconductor bare die. One or more power terminals are connected to the isolation substrate.
H01L 25/065 - Ensembles consistant en une pluralité de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou d'autres dispositifs à l'état solide les dispositifs étant tous d'un type prévu dans une seule des sous-classes , , , , ou , p. ex. ensembles de diodes redresseuses les dispositifs n'ayant pas de conteneurs séparés les dispositifs étant d'un type prévu dans le groupe
H01L 23/00 - Détails de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou d'autres dispositifs à l'état solide
H01L 25/00 - Ensembles consistant en une pluralité de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou d'autres dispositifs à l'état solide
70.
Pump Modulation For Optical Amplifier Link Communication
A system for communicating supervisory information between amplifier nodes in an optical communication network utilizes modulation of an included pump source to superimpose the supervisory information on data signals (typically customer data signals) propagating between the amplifier nodes transmitted customer signals. The modulated pump appears as a modulated envelope on the amplified data signal exiting the amplifier node, and may be recovered by suitable demodulation components located at the second node (i.e., the destined receiver of the supervisory information). The supervisory information may include monitoring messages, provisioning data, protocol updates, etc., and is utilized as an input to an included modulator, which then forms a drive signal for the pump controller.
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation de paramètres de sortie de laser, p. ex. fréquence ou amplitude
H01S 3/094 - Procédés ou appareils pour l'excitation, p. ex. pompage utilisant le pompage optique par de la lumière cohérente
H01S 3/10 - Commande de l'intensité, de la fréquence, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction du rayonnement, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte, modulation ou démodulation
H04B 10/077 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant un signal de surveillance ou un signal supplémentaire
71.
Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser with Independent Definition of Current and Light Confinement
A Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser has a body including a vertical stack of semiconductor layers one on top of the other including a current confinement layer having an area of low resistance to current flow defined by an area of high resistance to current flow, whereupon vertical current flow in the stack of semiconductor layers is directed by the area of high resistance to current flow of the current confinement layer through the area of low resistance to current flow of the current confinement layer. A separate light confinement layer is disposed below or above the current confinement layer. The light confinement layer includes one or more protrusions or recesses disposed below or above the area of low resistance to current flow of the current confinement layer.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
This disclosure describes a bottom surface emitting vertical cavity surface emitting laser (BSE VCSEL) with a lithographically defined aperture. The BSE VCSEL may be oxide-free. Two contacts are located above a substrate. An aperture and one or more active regions are located between two DBRs. A first contact is coupled to the substrate and the first DBR, which is below the aperture. A second contact is coupled to the second DBR, which is above the aperture.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
H01S 5/34 - Structure ou forme de la région activeMatériaux pour la région active comprenant des structures à puits quantiques ou à superréseaux, p. ex. lasers à puits quantique unique [SQW], lasers à plusieurs puits quantiques [MQW] ou lasers à hétérostructure de confinement séparée ayant un indice progressif [GRINSCH]
73.
DISPLAY DEVICE COMPRISING GUIDE WITH REFLECTIVE COATINGS
A display device may include a guide, a back side coating, a front side coating, an input couple, and output coupler, and an image source. The guide may include a guide front side and a guide back side opposite the guide front side. The back side coating may line the guide back side and may reflect rays in a first waveband. The front side coating may line the guide front side and may reflect rays in a second waveband. The image source may emit rays toward the guide. The input coupler may receive the rays emitted by the image source and couple the rays into the guide. The output coupler may receive rays propagated along the guide between the guide back side and the guide front side and emit the received rays from the guide front side.
This disclosure describes a use of cleaved optical fibre and PIN diode placement to reduce optical feedback from a plurality of PIN diodes. The PIN diodes may be separated in two or three dimensions to increase isolation.
Systems and methods are provided for optical channel monitoring (OCM) with an spectrally-multiplexed wavelength reference for monitoring of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) spectrum.
H04B 10/077 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant un signal de surveillance ou un signal supplémentaire
H04J 14/02 - Systèmes multiplex à division de longueur d'onde
An optoelectronic assembly includes a printed circuit board (PCB), an integrated circuit (IC) substrate operably mounted on the PCB, the IC substrate comprising at least one of active elements and passive elements, a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) operably mounted on a first surface of the IC substrate, an optical detector operably mounted adjacent to the VCSEL on the first surface of the IC substrate, and a molding compound formed on the IC substrate encapsulating a plurality of sides of the VCSEL and a plurality of sides of the optical detector, in which at least one electrical communication path between the optical detector and the VCSEL is confined within the IC substrate.
A bidirectional optical power monitor is disclosed that is used as an in-line monitor along a section of bidirectional optical fiber. The optical power monitor includes a bidirectional assembly of a lensing arrangement with a partially reflective element coupled to an output of the lensing arrangement. The reflective element directs small portions of optical signals propagating in each direction into separate ones of a pair of photodiodes (allowing for simultaneous measurement of power propagating in both directions along an optical fiber). The reflective element directs the majority of the optical signals through the lensing arrangement a second time and thereafter coupled into the proper section of optical fiber such that a continuity of signal propagation direction is maintained.
A cascaded arrangement of optical amplifying stages is used to provide efficient amplification of signals within an extended wavelength range in a relatively compact configuration. A wavelength selective filter is positioned at the output of a first amplifier stage and used to direct amplified signals within a longer wavelength range (e.g., L-band) into a second amplifier stage, thus forming a cascaded configuration of the first and second amplifier stages. The second stage imparts an additional level of gain to the signals within the longer wavelength range, and an optical combiner may be used to direct both sets of amplified signals along a common output path.
An optical network element for a hardware configured optical network includes a first optical port that receives an input optical signal comprising receive control information from the hardware configured optical network. A demodulator optically coupled to the first optical port decodes the receive control information for configuring the optical network element. A modulator having an electrical modulation input that receives transmit control information imparts a modulation onto an optical carrier thereby generating a transmit optical control signal representing the transmit control information. A second optical port transmits the transmit optical control signal representing the transmit control information to the hardware configured optical network.
H04J 14/02 - Systèmes multiplex à division de longueur d'onde
H04B 10/077 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant un signal de surveillance ou un signal supplémentaire
A VCSEL device with a lithographic aperture and integrated electrostatic discharge event protection. The VCSEL device may comprise a plurality of layers forming a protective diode outside of the lithographic aperture area, wherein the surface area of the protective diode is larger than the surface area of said lithographic aperture.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
H01S 5/068 - Stabilisation des paramètres de sortie du laser
81.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN ULTRA-WIDE FIELD OF ILLUMINATION DIFFUSER
An opto-electronic device to distribute an ultra-wide field of illumination is disclosed. In examples, the electronic device includes an optical source to generate light and a diffuser to receive and distribute the light. The diffuser includes a plurality of extensions, each having a reflective surface arranged at an angle to cause total internal reflection of an incident light ray, and an exit surface arranged at an angle relative to the reflective surface and configured to direct the light ray at one or more transmission angles different from an incident angle.
Optical components and optical electronic devices, and methods for making optical components and optical electronic devices. As non-limiting examples, various aspects of this disclosure provide various optical component and optical electronic devices, and methods for making thereof, that comprise three-dimensional structured glass configurations.
A display system includes a display screen layer, a coupling region, an upper guide, a first coupler, a second coupler, and an optical element. The coupling region may be positioned along a sidewall of the display screen layer and may route a beam between the optical element and the upper guide and may route the beam between the first coupler and the second coupler. The first coupler may be positioned along a front surface of the upper guide and may couple a beam through the front surface of the upper guide. The second coupler may be positioned between the coupling region and the upper guide and may couple the beam between the coupling region and the upper guide. The optical element may be positioned below a back surface of the upper guide. A computing device with the display system is also disclosed.
G09G 3/34 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande présentant un intérêt uniquement pour l'affichage utilisant des moyens de visualisation autres que les tubes à rayons cathodiques pour la présentation d'un ensemble de plusieurs caractères, p. ex. d'une page, en composant l'ensemble par combinaison d'éléments individuels disposés en matrice en commandant la lumière provenant d'une source indépendante
G09G 3/3208 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande présentant un intérêt uniquement pour l'affichage utilisant des moyens de visualisation autres que les tubes à rayons cathodiques pour la présentation d'un ensemble de plusieurs caractères, p. ex. d'une page, en composant l'ensemble par combinaison d'éléments individuels disposés en matrice utilisant des sources lumineuses commandées utilisant des panneaux électroluminescents semi-conducteurs, p. ex. utilisant des diodes électroluminescentes [LED] organiques, p. ex. utilisant des diodes électroluminescentes organiques [OLED]
84.
IMMOBILIZED SELENIUM IN A POROUS CARBON WITH THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN, A METHOD OF MAKING, AND USES OF IMMOBILIZED SELENIUM IN A RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS (CSIC) (Espagne)
Inventeur(s)
Xu, Wen-Qing
Li, Xiaoming
Patkar, Shailesh
Eissler, Elgin E.
Solis, Marta Sevilla
Arias, Antonio Benito Fuertes
Abrégé
In a method of preparing an immobilized selenium system or body, a selenium-carbon-oxygen mixture is formed. The mixture is then heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of selenium and the heated mixture is then cooled to ambient or room temperature, thereby forming the immobilized selenium system or body.
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
H01M 4/38 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'éléments simples ou d'alliages
H01M 4/587 - Matériau carboné, p. ex. composés au graphite d'intercalation ou CFx pour insérer ou intercaler des métaux légers
H01M 10/0525 - Batteries du type "rocking chair" ou "fauteuil à bascule", p. ex. batteries à insertion ou intercalation de lithium dans les deux électrodesBatteries à l'ion lithium
85.
Reduced Thickness Optical Isolator and Method of Use Thereof in a Laser Optic System
In an optical isolator, a garnet rotates a polarization of an optical signal input into the garnet via a polarizer from an optical signal source in a first direction and outputs it as a first garnet output optical signal to an analyzer which outputs it as a first analyzer output optical signal. A difference (D) between a polarization of the first garnet output optical signal and a polarization axis of the analyzer is 10°≤D<840. The analyzer outputs a reflection of the first analyzer output optical signal as a second analyzer output optical signal to the garnet which rotates a polarization thereof in the first direction and outputs it to the polarizer as a second garnet output optical signal. The polarizer blocks ≥25 dB of the second garnet output optical signal that is received from the garnet and output to the optical signal source.
Described herein is a wavelength selective switch (100), comprising an input array (102) of optical fibers. The array (102) comprises two or more columns of fibers that are spatially offset in one or both of a switching dimension or a dispersive dimension of the wavelength selective switch (100). Each column (102A, 102B) of fibers is adapted to project respective optical beams. A switching engine (112) is positioned to receive the optical beams and apply an angular switching to the beams to direct the beams to respective output fibers. The optical beams are encoded at respective angles or polarization states such that each column of optical beams is incident onto a different region of the switching engine (112).
The present disclosure relates generally to a mounting structure for a movable lens in a laser processing system for preventing vibration during movement of the lens. The present disclosure provides a system for moving an optical element comprising a frame, at least one optical element, and a drive for moving the at least one optical element, where the at least one optical element and the drive are connected to the frame via first and second spring members, respectively.
An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) system comprising a modified BOSA in a single module, that is in a pluggable form factor. The pluggable form factor may be a QSFP format, a QSFP28 format, or an SFP format. The modified BOSA may be operable on a substantially same transmit and receive frequency.
G01M 11/00 - Test des appareils optiquesTest des structures ou des ouvrages par des méthodes optiques, non prévu ailleurs
H04B 10/071 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal réfléchi, p. ex. utilisant des réflectomètres optiques temporels [OTDR]
91.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROJECTING ILLUMINATION FROM A DEVICE EDGE
Transmission assemblies to project illumination from an edge of an electronic device are disclosed. In some examples, the transmission assemblies include an optical source to generate laser light. An optical focusing element to focus the laser light. And a transmitting optical element is arranged at a bezel proximate an external edge of the electronic device. The transmitting optical element receives the laser light from the transmitting optical element and to project the laser light through the bezel to illuminate an object of interest
Disclosed herein are bonded diamond composites that may include a ceramic composite layer, a diamond film layer, and a silicon carbide bonding layer bonding the diamond film layer to the ceramic composite layer. Example ceramic composite layers disclosed herein include diamond particles within a silicon carbide matrix. Methods of making bonded diamond composites through infiltration bonding are disclosed herein. Example methods include exposing a ceramic preform to molten silicon such that the silicon infiltrates into and through the silicon preform to a diamond film interfaced with the ceramic preform. Example methods include reacting the silicon with the ceramic preform and the diamond film to form a silicon carbide bonding layer bonding the diamond film to the resulting ceramic composite layer.
This disclosure describes a multi-junction laser diode with improved wavelength stability. The multi-junction laser diode is found in an edge emitting laser (EEL). The disclosed system and method are suited for improving the wavelength stability of multi-junction EEL without coupling the laser modes of the individual junctions and without using any external elements such as Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBR), Volume Bragg Gratings (VBG) or Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC).
A device includes a ceramic substrate formed of a first material, a polishable layer formed of a different material, and an interface between the ceramic substrate and the polishable layer. The interface is formed by infiltration of molten elemental silicon, and bonds the ceramic substrate and the polishable layer together. The device may include an optical device such as, for example, mirror or a beam dump. A method of making a device from a green-state structure and a polishable layer is also disclosed. The method includes infiltrating elemental silicon into and through the green-state structure, to form a substrate of a multi-phase ceramic material from the green-state structure, and to reactively bond the substrate and the polishable layer together.
Systems and methods are provided for short fiber length multi-core fiber (MCF) Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). An enhanced Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) includes one or more pumps configured to pump light during the amplifying, and a multiple-core fiber (MCF) doped with an active dopant for communicating the signal light within the EDFA during the amplifying. The multiple-core fiber (MCF) is in optical communication with the signal light and is in optical communication with the one or more pumps, where the amplifying included applying a plurality of gain sections, with each gain section associated with a corresponding fiber length, and where applying one or more of the plurality of gain sections including use of one or more loops via one or more corresponding cores in the multiple-core fiber (MCF). The multiple-core fiber (MCF) is an Erbium-doped fiber (EDF).
H01S 3/094 - Procédés ou appareils pour l'excitation, p. ex. pompage utilisant le pompage optique par de la lumière cohérente
H01S 3/0941 - Procédés ou appareils pour l'excitation, p. ex. pompage utilisant le pompage optique par de la lumière cohérente produite par un laser à semi-conducteur, p. ex. par une diode laser
H01S 3/10 - Commande de l'intensité, de la fréquence, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction du rayonnement, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte, modulation ou démodulation
A display system includes a display screen layer, a coupling region, an upper guide, a first coupler, a second coupler, and an optical element. The coupling region may be positioned along a sidewall of the display screen layer and may route a beam between the optical element and the upper guide and may route the beam between the first coupler and the second coupler. The first coupler may be positioned along a front surface of the upper guide and may couple a beam through the front surface of the upper guide. The second coupler may be positioned between the coupling region and the upper guide and may couple the beam between the coupling region and the upper guide. The optical element may be positioned below a back surface of the upper guide. A computing device with the display system is also disclosed.
H05K 5/00 - Enveloppes, coffrets ou tiroirs pour appareils électriques
G02B 6/12 - Guides de lumièreDétails de structure de dispositions comprenant des guides de lumière et d'autres éléments optiques, p. ex. des moyens de couplage du type guide d'ondes optiques du genre à circuit intégré
A reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer using a wavelength selective switch (WSS) component to multiplex wavelength channels into a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal. When a given channel is dropped, an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) injection signal is multiplexed as a ghost channel into the WDM signal. The ASE injection channel can mitigate polarization hole burning and can provide a fuller power spectrum density. However, the ASE injection channel also defines a monitoring window. As an optical channel monitor (OCM) monitors the WDM signal, the OCM can detect, within the monitoring window, any underlying characteristic of the given wavelength channel. In this instance in response to the detected characteristic, the WSS component switches from multiplexing the ghost channel into the WDM signal to multiplexing the given wavelength channel into the WDM signal.
A device for monitoring a process in laser material processing, comprising a laser generating a light beam, wherein the light beam may impinge on a lens matrix disposed between the light source and a beam splitter. The lens matrix may comprise microlenses, operable to generate a matrix of light beams from the impinging light beam. Part of the matrix of light beams may be directed to a mirror in a reference arm and part may be directed to an unknown surface in a measuring arm. The reflection of these beams may be used to generate an interference signal to be evaluated.
G01N 21/45 - RéfringencePropriétés liées à la phase, p. ex. longueur du chemin optique en utilisant des méthodes interférométriquesRéfringencePropriétés liées à la phase, p. ex. longueur du chemin optique en utilisant les méthodes de Schlieren
B23K 26/03 - Observation, p. ex. surveillance de la pièce à travailler
A display includes a stack that includes, from top to bottom: a display layer including an array of spaced pixels and/or spaced subpixels and an array of spaced transmission spaces, wherein each transmission space is defined by a spacing between a subset of the spaced pixels and/or spaced subpixels; a micro-lens array (MLA) layer including an array of micro-lenses, wherein each micro-lens includes a curved surface; and a laser light emitting (LLE) layer including an array of lasers, wherein the curved surfaces of the micro-lenses face the LLE layer.
F21V 8/00 - Utilisation de guides de lumière, p. ex. dispositifs à fibres optiques, dans les dispositifs ou systèmes d'éclairage
G06V 10/145 - Éclairage spécialement adapté à la reconnaissance de formes, p. ex. utilisant des réseaux
H01L 25/075 - Ensembles consistant en une pluralité de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou d'autres dispositifs à l'état solide les dispositifs étant tous d'un type prévu dans une seule des sous-classes , , , , ou , p. ex. ensembles de diodes redresseuses les dispositifs n'ayant pas de conteneurs séparés les dispositifs étant d'un type prévu dans le groupe
100.
VCSEL POLARIZATION CONTROL WITH STRUCTURAL BIREFRINGENT CAVITY
This disclosure describes a method of forming a VCSEL with a structural birefringent cavity. This method comprises growing a bottom distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a first part of a cavity on a substrate to form a bottom structure comprising a plurality of layers. One or more anisotropic features are etched on a upper layer of the bottom structure to produce a patterned growth interface. A remaining part of the cavity and a top DBR on the patterned growth interface are overgrown to form an epitaxial structure. One or more oxide apertures are formed in the epitaxial structure.
H01S 5/183 - Lasers à émission de surface [lasers SE], p. ex. comportant à la fois des cavités horizontales et verticales comportant uniquement des cavités verticales, p. ex. lasers à émission de surface à cavité verticale [VCSEL]
H01S 5/34 - Structure ou forme de la région activeMatériaux pour la région active comprenant des structures à puits quantiques ou à superréseaux, p. ex. lasers à puits quantique unique [SQW], lasers à plusieurs puits quantiques [MQW] ou lasers à hétérostructure de confinement séparée ayant un indice progressif [GRINSCH]
