The present invention relates to a new process for preparing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) comprising nanometric particles of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) at high concentration, and plates or cylinders obtained with such a process.
Detector for measuring radioactivity in a sample, the detector being configured to operate at a cryogenic temperature and comprising a crystal absorber (10), in which a cavity (11a; 15) is formed, tor receiving a sample (B) whose radioactivity is to be measured, said, crystal absorber (10) being configured to produce phonons in response to an interaction of an ionizing radiation with the crystal absorber (10), at least one thermal sensor (20; 21, 22; 23, 24) configured to detect a variation in the temperature of the crystal absorber (10) in response to a. production of phonons in the crystal absorber (10), and electronics (100) configured to determine the energy deposited by the ionizing radiation in the crystal absorber (10) as a function of said temperature variation.
Described herein is a container (1) for a radiation detector (2), comprising a cover (4) made of electrically insulating, non-abrasive, non-rigid and elastically deformable material. Said cover (4) is fixed to a housing portion (3) configured to house the radiation detector (2), so as to protect it from impurities by forming an airtight chamber (5).
The invention relates to a process for electrochemical polishing of metal surfaces known as plasma electropolishing, plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP), using a solution having a specific composition. The present invention provides ideal composition of the polishing solution and optimal process parameters to achieve better results over traditional electropolishing techniques.
The invention relates to a process for electrochemical polishing of metal surfaces known as plasma electropolishing electropolishing (PEP), which uses a salt-based solution. The present invention provides ideal compositions of the polishing solution and optimal process parameters to attain better results over traditional electropolishing techniques.
The present invention relates to a probe (1; 1a; 1b) for detecting ionizing radiation. The probe (1; 1a; 1b) comprises an elongated flexible support (10) and a detector apparatus (20; 20a; 20b), which is coupled to the flexible support (10) near one end (11) thereof. The flexible support (10) comprises a plurality of electrically conductive tracks (19a-f) coupled to corresponding electrical terminals (24a-f) of the detector apparatus (20; 20a; 20b) to allow the exchange of electrical signals between the apparatus and a processing device (40). Advantageously, the detector apparatus (20; 20a; 20b) comprises a sensor (21) adapted to generate a signal indicative of an intensity of ionizing radiations hitting the detector apparatus (20; 20a; 20b), and a processing module (22) adapted to condition the signal generated by the sensor (21).
The invention consists of an apparatus and method for first level detection of tumour masses, pleural effusions and cysts, using time-of-flight reflectometry and dielectric spectroscopy, with the advantage of speeding up the diagnosis of these pathologies compared to the use of Computerized Tomography (CT) and/or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
8.
APPARATUS AND COMPOSITION FOR INDUCING A CHRONIC STATE OF METABOLIC REDUCTION
ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITA' DI BOLOGNA (Italie)
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Cerri, Matteo
Zoccoli, Antonio
Negrini, Matteo
Durante, Marco
Abrégé
An apparatus induces and autonomously maintains a state of hypometabolism for long time periods in people who would otherwise suffer from a significant deterioration of their vital functions and a shorter life expectancy, or people who will have to stay in a space environment for a long time. The apparatus, made up of a double enclosure, includes a chamber for housing one person, which is equipped with means for controlling the person's vital functions and the environmental conditions, with the possibility of autonomously modifying the environmental parameters and dosing the administration of substances according to data obtained from measured physiological variables. Outside the chamber there is an interspace containing a liquid for shielding any radiation. A non-invasive monitoring of the main vital functions includes oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, hemoglobin saturation, temperature of various body districts, muscular tone, electroencephalographic activity, respiratory rate and exchanged respiratory volumes.
Scanning method for making a computed tomography CT comprising a source (B) arranged to generate cone beam x-ray radiation (F), a detector(C) arranged so that said radiation generates a primary footprint (IMP) completely contained on a surface of the detector (C) and processing means (CPU) configured to generate a digital image corresponding to a signal generated by the detector when struck by said radiation and configured to reconstruct a three-dimensional attenuation map (FOV) of a volume containing a sample ( E ) under investigation, the method comprising a first step of making said source (B ) perform a first rotating movement around an axis (D ) of rotation and a second of making said source (B ) perform a second alternating movement, parallel to said axis (D) of rotation so as to identify an approximately sinusoidal motion on a cylindrical or hemicylindrical surface coaxial with said axis (D) of rotation.
Described herein is an optoelectronic device comprising : a substrate; an active layer made from at least one perovskite microwire having a longitudinal extension and having a first surface in contact with said substrate; a first electrode deposited on said substrate; a second electrode made of electrically conductive material and comprising a central tract, deposited in contact with a second surface of said at least one microwire, said second surface being opposite to said first surface.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A MIXTURE OF PURE COPPER AND CARBON NANOTUBES AND OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF A NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIAL HAVING A METALLIC MATRIX OF PURE COPPER REINFORCED WITH CARBON NANOTUBES BY MEANS OF SUCH MIXTURE
UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA "LA SAPIENZA" (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Pettinacci, Valerio
Cortis, Daniele
Pandolfi, Francesco
Rago, Ilaria Carmela
Cavoto, Gianluca
Abrégé
The present invention concerns a method (1000) of producing a mixture of copper powders and carbon nanotubes. The method (1000) comprises the steps of: - functionalizing (1003) carbon nanotubes with a functional group such to increase the repulsive electrostatic forces among the carbon nanotubes, dispersing (1005) the functionalized carbon nanotubes in a solvent, said dispersion being carried out by means of sonication, - adding (1007) pure copper powder to the suspension obtained by the dispersion of the functionalized carbon nanotubes in the solvent in an amount such that the carbon nanotubes constitute between 0.05% and 0.5% by weight of the mixture of copper powders and carbon nanotubes, said copper powder comprising particles with a diameter comprised between 5 pm and 40 pm measured in accordance with ASTM B822 standard, and - mixing (1009) said suspension during the addition of the copper powder and until the solvent evaporates. Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a method (2000) of realizing an artefact using such a mixture of copper powders and carbon nanotubes.
The invention refers to the electrochemical polishing process of metal surfaces known as plasma electropolishing, plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP), using a salt-based solution. The present invention dwells on the ideal composition of the polishing solution and on the optimal process parameters in order to obtain better results compared to the traditional electropolishing techniques.
A compact and small size multichannel collimator for neutrons with energies up to 50 keV is provided. The collimator has a multichannel structure composed of collimating channels (in air, vacuum or in the non-interacting atmosphere of Helium-4) alternating with “full” channels made with absorbent materials for slow neutrons. The geometry of the individual collimating and absorbing channels can be arbitrary. The geometry with channels of square section, such as to create a perfect checkerboard, is preferred from the point of view of ease of construction.
G01N 23/05 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p.ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en transmettant la radiation à travers le matériau et formant des images des matériaux en utilisant des neutrons
G21K 1/02 - Dispositions pour manipuler des particules ou des rayonnements ionisants, p.ex. pour focaliser ou pour modérer utilisant des diaphragmes, des collimateurs
G01N 23/207 - Diffractométrie, p.ex. en utilisant une sonde en position centrale et un ou plusieurs détecteurs déplaçables en positions circonférentielles
G01N 23/09 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de rayonnement [ondes ou particules], p.ex. rayons X ou neutrons, non couvertes par les groupes , ou en transmettant la radiation à travers le matériau et mesurant l'absorption le rayonnement consistant en neutrons
14.
A METHOD FOR MEASURING HADRON FLUENCE WITH A FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY (FPGA)
Method for measuring hadron fluence with a Field Programmable Gate Array - FPGA (10), wherein the FPGA device (10) comprises a fabric of programmable logic resources, a configuration memory (11) based on Static Random Access Memory - SRAM, wherein the SRAM-based configuration memory (11) is susceptible of hadron-induced single event upsets (SEUs) by indirect ionization, the cross-section per SRAM of the SRAM-based configuration memory (11) having been determined for at least one given particle in an energy range of interest and supply voltage range of the FPGA; wherein the method comprises: determining the hadron fluence as a function of said cross-section and of the count of SEUs in the SRAM -based configuration memory (11) using a read-out logic implemented in the FPGA fabric.
Roll (10) for industrial processes and related apparatus and method for producing it. The roll (10) is provided with a central body (11) on which is disposed, by means of at least one of a PVD, CVD and PECVD technique, a thick-film surface coating (12) comprising an adhesion layer (15), a central core (16) and a work layer (17).
C23C 14/06 - Revêtement par évaporation sous vide, pulvérisation cathodique ou implantation d'ions du matériau composant le revêtement caractérisé par le matériau de revêtement
C23C 14/32 - Evaporation sous vide par évaporation suivie d'une ionisation des vapeurs
B21B 27/00 - Cylindres; Lubrification, refroidissement ou chauffage des cylindres en cours d'utilisation
16.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE MOLECULAR ATOMIC ANALYSIS OF A FLUID IN THE GASEOUS STATE
The embodiments relate to a method and an apparatus for the molecular atomic analysis of a fluid in the gaseous state, in particular the method includes introducing a fluid in the gaseous state into a collection chamber having a predetermined internal volume V and generating a laser beam through a laser device. The method may also include focusing the beam onto the fluid sited in the collection chamber, in order to create an electric field in at least a portion V′ of the internal volume V, so as to excite the electrons residing on the atoms and molecules present in said fluid in the gaseous state, causing an atomic/molecular alteration of the fluid itself in said portion V′. The method provides detecting the elements emitted after focusing the beam on the fluid, through detection devices and analyzing the elements detected by the detection devices using a processing unit.
Chemical entities are capable of inducing the degradation of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) identified with the pharmacological protein inactivation by folded intermediate targeting (PPI-FIT) methodology.
The present invention relates to a cold crucible for casting in vacuum or in inert atmosphere pure metals and metal alloys, including refractory alloys, which require a high degree of purity. Thanks to a complex geometry made by additive manufacturing and defined with electromagnetic simulations of the melt-crucible-inductor-generator system, the invention greatly improves the transfer efficiency of the electromagnetic energy to the melt and the heat exchange necessary to keep the crucible cold. The crucible according to the present invention makes melting and handling of the melt more efficient and economical and enables production of very high purity melting products having a mass of the order of kilograms.
B22F 5/10 - Fabrication de pièces ou d'objets à partir de poudres métalliques caractérisée par la forme particulière du produit à réaliser d'articles avec des cavités ou des trous, non prévue dans les sous-groupes précédents
B22F 10/80 - Acquisition ou traitement des données
B22F 3/11 - Fabrication de pièces ou d'objets poreux
B22F 10/14 - Formation d’un corps vert par projection de liant sur un lit de poudre
F27D 9/00 - Refroidissement des fours ou des charges s'y trouvant
F27D 11/06 - Chauffage par induction, c. à d. dans lequel le matériau à chauffer ou son contenant, ou bien les éléments incorporés dans celui-ci, constitue le secondaire d'un transformateur
B33Y 50/00 - Acquisition ou traitement de données pour la fabrication additive
B22D 41/60 - Buses de coulée avec des moyens de chauffage ou de refroidissement
Described herein is a method for making an accelerating structure, comprising: a first step wherein a photonic crystal made of dielectric material is selected, said photonic crystal inhibits electromagnetic propagation within itself within a predefined band gap; a second processing step wherein a linear defect is created within said photonic crystal, said linear defect substantially corresponds to a through aperture extending along a longitudinal axis of development, said linear defect comprises four electrodes comprising a respective tip extending from a respective base, wherein each tip has a substantially flat surface extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of development, such electrodes are arranged in such a way that the flat surfaces of each electrode form a cavity; a third processing step wherein a longitudinal modulation is created at the substantially flat surface of each electrode, wherein opposite electrodes have the same modulation phase; and adjacent electrodes have a modulation phase displacement of β*λ/2; where β is the relativistic velocity of the particle to be accelerated and A is the wavelength of a selected electric field; thereby making a plurality of accelerating cells along the longitudinal axis of development of said cavity.
The invention consists of a dosimeter for charged particles and gamma rays capable of operating linearly when exposed to both continuous and pulsed beams, at an instant dose intensity from 0.001 MGy/s to 10 MGy/s. The dosimeter finds application in the new types of ultra-high rate radiotherapy (flash-radiotherapy) as well as in industrial sterilization treatments. The invention also consists of a method of using said dosimeter.
The invention relates to semiconductor devices for detecting ionizing radiation based on a resistive readout system with metal electrodes. Each metal electrode consists of one or more branches such as to prevent signal propagation to reading electrodes spaced apart from the point of impact.
G01T 1/24 - Mesure de l'intensité de radiation avec des détecteurs à semi-conducteurs
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
A method for measuring tracer uptake in cerebral tissue of a patient by analyzing cerebral images acquired by positron emission tomography, the cerebral images including an early image and a late image, includes selecting a region of interest within the early and late images, determining a first domain DE defined by all voxels of the region of interest of the early image whose intensity is greater than a first given value, determining a second domain DL defined by all voxels of the region of interest of the late image whose intensity is greater than a second given value, calculating average intensities |DE and |DL in the first domain DE and second domain DL, respectively, of the late image, and calculating ratio of the average intensities TDr=|DE/DL.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
The invention relates to a dosimeter (A) wearable by a human subject which includes:
at least a first slow neutron sensor S1;
a matrix containing a certain amount of absorbent material for slow neutrons;
at least a second slow neutron sensor S2;
a moderator consisting of or comprising polyethylene, hydrogenated plastic, water, paraffin or other hydrogenated or deuterated compounds.
The invention consists of an apparatus and method for first level detection of tumour masses, pleural effusions and cysts, using time-of-flight reflectometry and dielectric spectroscopy, with the advantage of speeding up the diagnosis of these pathologies compared to the use of Computerized Tomography (CT) and/or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
A61B 5/0507 - Détection, mesure ou enregistrement pour établir un diagnostic au moyen de courants électriques ou de champs magnétiques; Mesure utilisant des micro-ondes ou des ondes radio utilisant des micro-ondes ou des ondes térahertz
G01R 27/26 - Mesure de l'inductance ou de la capacitance; Mesure du facteur de qualité, p.ex. en utilisant la méthode par résonance; Mesure de facteur de pertes; Mesure des constantes diélectriques
26.
APPARATUS AND COMPOSITION FOR INDUCING A CHRONIC STATE OF METABOLIC REDUCTION
ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITA' DI BOLOGNA (Italie)
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Cerri, Matteo
Zoccoli, Antonio
Negrini, Matteo
Durante, Marco
Abrégé
The invention relates to an apparatus for inducing and autonomously maintaining a state of hypometabolism for long time periods in people who would otherwise suffer from a significant deterioration of their vital functions and a shorter life expectancy, or people who will have to stay in a space environment for a long time. The apparatus, made up of a double enclosure, includes a chamber for housing one person, which is equipped with means for controlling the person's vital functions and the environmental conditions, with the possibility of autonomously modifying the environmental parameters and dosing the administration of substances according to data obtained from measured physiological variables. Outside the chamber there is an interspace containing a liquid (perfluorodecalin or the like and water) for shielding any radiation. The non-invasive monitoring of the main vital functions includes oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, hemoglobin saturation, temperature of various body districts, muscular tone, electroencephalographic activity, respiratory rate and exchanged respiratory volumes, in addition to the possibility of administering a combination of substances to induce a state of metabolic reduction.
A61F 7/00 - Appareils de chauffage ou de refroidissement pour traitement médical ou thérapeutique du corps humain
A61B 5/02 - Mesure du pouls, du rythme cardiaque, de la pression sanguine ou du débit sanguin; Détermination combinée du pouls, du rythme cardiaque, de la pression sanguine; Evaluation d'un état cardio-vasculaire non prévue ailleurs, p.ex. utilisant la combinaison de techniques prévues dans le présent groupe et des techniques d'électrocardiographie; Sondes cardiaques pour mesurer la pression sanguine
A61B 5/08 - Dispositifs de mesure pour examiner les organes respiratoires
The present invention relates to a silicon carbide telescopic detector for ionizing radiation or a measuring instrument equipped with such a telescopic detector for identifying the type of ionizing radiation and/or measuring a dose released by the radiation, a detector production procedure, as well as uses and original methods which use the detector.
H01L 31/0312 - Matériaux inorganiques comprenant, à part les matériaux de dopage ou autres impuretés, uniquement des composés AIVBIV, p.ex. SiC
H01L 31/117 - Dispositifs sensibles au rayonnement d'ondes très courtes, p.ex. rayons X, rayons gamma ou rayonnement corpusculaire du type détecteurs de rayonnement à effet de volume, p.ex. détecteurs PIN en Ge compensés au Li pour rayons gamma
H01L 31/18 - Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou au traitement de ces dispositifs ou de leurs parties constitutives
The invention refers to a detector based on 3D geometry made from a hydrogenated amorphous silicon substrate. This detector finds application in the detection of ionizing radiation.
G01T 1/24 - Mesure de l'intensité de radiation avec des détecteurs à semi-conducteurs
H01L 31/0392 - Dispositifs à semi-conducteurs sensibles aux rayons infrarouges, à la lumière, au rayonnement électromagnétique d'ondes plus courtes, ou au rayonnement corpusculaire, et spécialement adaptés, soit comme convertisseurs de l'énergie dudit rayonnement e; Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou au traitement de ces dispositifs ou de leurs parties constitutives; Leurs détails caractérisés par leurs corps semi-conducteurs caractérisés par leur structure cristalline ou par l'orientation particulière des plans cristallins comprenant des films minces déposés sur des substrats métalliques ou isolants
29.
SYSTEM FOR PLANNING AND VERIFYING TREATMENT DURING IORT PROCEDURES
The present patent application relates to a procedure which allows obtaining, without resorting to traditional imaging techniques, a computed tomography or CT image which is representative of the intraoperative condition of the operated subject with sufficient precision for the purposes of processing a treatment plan or TPS (Treatment Planning System) in IORT.
It is provided an improved integrated circuit (10) is provided for driving fast links in radiation-hard applications comprising a PISO device (1) including a transmitting block (2) defining a first basic logic and configured to transmit first data in parallel (1p) correlated to a first low frequency clock signal (1l), a PLL (3) configured to receive a first reference clock signal (1r) and to generate at least a first high frequency clock signal (1a) and in including at least a first FD (30) configured to generate at least a first control clock signal (1c), a Serializer (4) operatively connected to the PLL (3) and the transmitting block (2) and configured to receive at least the first data in parallel (1p) and the first high frequency clock signal (1a) and reorganize the first data in parallel (1p) on the basis of a first load signal (4c) in first serial data (1s) related in frequency to the first high clock signal frequency (1a), in which the first PD (30) is operatively connected to the transmitting block (2), the first low frequency clock signal (1l) coincides with the first control clock signal (1c) and the transmitting block (2) transmits the first low frequency clock signal (1l) to the Serializer (4) so as to determine the first load signal (4c) in proportion to the first low frequency clock signal (1l); and a SIPO device (5) including a receiving block (6) defining a second basic logic and configured to receive second data (5p) correlated to a second low frequency clock signal (5l), CDR apparatus (7) configured to receive second serial data (5s), to generate at least a second high frequency clock signal (5a) and in including at least a second FD (70) configured to generate at least a second control clock signal (5c), a Deserializer (8) operatively connected to the CDR apparatus (7) and to the receiving block (6) and configured to receive at least the second serial data (5s) and the second high frequency clock signal (5a) and reorganize the second data (5s) on the basis of a second load signal (8c) in the second parallel data (5p) correlated in frequency to the second high frequency clock signal (5a), wherein the second PD (70) is operationally connected to the receiving block (6), the second low frequency clock signal frequency (5l) coincides with the second control clock signal (5c) and the receiving block (6) transmits the second low frequency clock signal (5l) to the Deserializer (8) in order to determine the second load signal (8c) proportionally to the second low frequency clock signal (5l); and wherein the Serializer (4) is operatively connected to the Deserializer (8) and to the CDR apparatus (7), the first serial data (1s) coincide with the second serial data (5s), the first parallel data (1p) they are equivalent to the second parallel data (5p), the first high frequency signals (1a) are equivalent to the second high frequency signals (5a) and the first low frequency signals (1l) are equivalent to the second low frequency signals (5l).
The invention relates to a compact and small size multichannel collimator for neutrons with energies up to 50keV. The collimator has a multichannel structure composed of collimating channels (in air, vacuum or in the non-interacting atmosphere of Helium-4) alternating with "full" channels made with absorbent materials for slow neutrons. The geometry of the individual collimating and absorbing channels can be arbitrary. The geometry with channels of square section, such as to create a perfect checkerboard, is preferred from the point of view of ease of construction. Other possible geometries, such as for example with channels with rectangular or circular section in absorbent material, are all attributable to the present invention.
G21K 1/02 - Dispositions pour manipuler des particules ou des rayonnements ionisants, p.ex. pour focaliser ou pour modérer utilisant des diaphragmes, des collimateurs
32.
Device and process for capturing microscopic plenoptic images with turbulence attenuation
A system for acquiring microscopic plenoptic images with attenuation of turbulence by a microscope includes, in combination: a sample, the image of which should be obtained, which is able to be treated as a source of chaotic light, whose emission has an intensity profile F(ρs), with ρs planar coordinate on the sample plane; a beam separator; two sensors or detectors, configured to perform the spatial/directional and directional/spatial detection, respectively, in which the planar coordinate on the detector planes is respectively indicated with ρa and ρb; an objective lens, having focal length fO and pupil function PO(ρO), with ρO planar coordinate on the plane of the lens; a second lens, having focal length fT and pupil function PT(ρT), with ρT planar coordinate on the plane of the lens; wherein the second lens is arranged in the optical path (a/b) of the beam transmitted/reflected by the beam separator.
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the molecular atomic analysis of a fluid in the gaseous state wherein, in particular, the method comprises introducing (901) a fluid in the gaseous state into a collection chamber (12) having a predetermined internal volume V and generating (902) a laser beam through a laser device (11). The method further comprises focusing (903) such beam onto the fluid sited in the collection chamber (12), in order to create an electric field in at least a portion V' of the internal volume V, such as to excite the electrons residing on the atoms and molecules present in said fluid in the gaseous state, whose binding energy is between about 1 eV and about 10 eV, causing an atomic /molecular alteration of the fluid itself in said portion V'. The method provides detecting (904) the elements emitted after focusing the beam on said fluid, through detection means (17, 18) and analysing (905) the elements detected by the detection means (17, 18) using a processing unit (20). According to the method of the invention, the generation of a laser beam comprises varying (906) at least once the frequency of the beam emitted. According to the method, the processing unit (20) is configured to operate said variation (906) of the frequency of the laser beam emitted by the laser device (11), based on the pressure conditions of the fluid sited in the collection chamber (12).
G01N 21/71 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau analysé est excité de façon à ce qu'il émette de la lumière ou qu'il produise un changement de la longueur d'onde de la lumière incidente excité thermiquement
A method for identifying target protein folding intermediates, suitable to be tested as targets for drug discovery procedures. The method is carried out by means of electronic computing. The method provides a step of modelling a sequence in time of events defining a folding pathway of a protein, which includes modelling and/or calculating structural and/or energy and/or physical-chemical properties of one or more protein folding intermediate states along the folding pathway. Then, the method includes identifying at least one candidate protein folding intermediate, along the modelled folding pathway, based on identification properties, and selecting one or more target protein folding intermediates, among the at least one candidate protein folding intermediate, based on selection properties. The selection properties are related to the druggability of the protein folding intermediate. A related method for in silico drug discovery based on folding intermediate targeting is also provided.
The present invention concerns chemical entities capable of inducing the degradation of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) identified with the pharmacological protein inactivation by folded intermediate targeting (PPI-FIT) methodology.
A61K 31/437 - Composés hétérocycliques ayant l'azote comme hétéro-atome d'un cycle, p.ex. guanéthidine ou rifamycines ayant des cycles à six chaînons avec un azote comme seul hétéro-atome d'un cycle condensés en ortho ou en péri avec des systèmes hétérocycliques le système hétérocyclique contenant un cycle à cinq chaînons ayant l'azote comme hétéro-atome du cycle, p.ex. indolizine, bêta-carboline
A61P 25/00 - Médicaments pour le traitement des troubles du système nerveux
The present invention concerns chemical entities capable of inducing the degradation of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) identified with the pharmacological protein inactivation by folded intermediate targeting (PPI-FIT) methodology.
A61P 25/00 - Médicaments pour le traitement des troubles du système nerveux
A61K 31/437 - Composés hétérocycliques ayant l'azote comme hétéro-atome d'un cycle, p.ex. guanéthidine ou rifamycines ayant des cycles à six chaînons avec un azote comme seul hétéro-atome d'un cycle condensés en ortho ou en péri avec des systèmes hétérocycliques le système hétérocyclique contenant un cycle à cinq chaînons ayant l'azote comme hétéro-atome du cycle, p.ex. indolizine, bêta-carboline
Microwave resonator (100), comprising a chamber (101) made of metal material configured to contain a plasma, the chamber comprising a first and a second end face (101a, 101b) and extending along a central axis (z) between the first and second end face, and a microwave launching device (110) configured for injecting microwaves into the chamber. At the first end face (101a) the chamber has a cross section of multi-lobed shape that tapers toward the second end face (101b). At the second end face (101b) the chamber has a cross section having the same shape as the cross section of the first end face (101a) and rotated 180° about the central axis (z), the cross section of the second end face (101b) tapering toward the first end face (101a). At an intermediate plane, the shape of the cross section of the first end face (101a) merges with the shape of the cross section of the second end face (101b).
H01P 11/00 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication de guides d'ondes, résonateurs, lignes ou autres dispositifs du type guide d'ondes
H01J 27/18 - Sources d'ions; Canons à ions utilisant une excitation à haute fréquence, p.ex. une excitation par micro-ondes avec un champ magnétique axial appliqué
H01J 37/32 - Tubes à décharge en atmosphère gazeuse
H05H 1/18 - Dispositions pour confiner le plasma au moyen de champs électriques ou magnétiques; Dispositions pour chauffer le plasma utilisant des champs électriques et magnétiques dans lesquels les champs oscillent à très haute fréquence, p.ex. dans la bande des micro-ondes
H05H 1/46 - Production du plasma utilisant des champs électromagnétiques appliqués, p.ex. de l'énergie à haute fréquence ou sous forme de micro-ondes
38.
Apparatus for the generation of random numbers which comprises a muon detection device and a processing device configured to provide random numbers
The invention relates to a dosimeter (A) wearable by a human subject which includes: at least a first slow neutron sensor S1; a matrix containing a certain amount of absorbent material for slow neutrons; at least a second slow neutron sensor S2; a moderator consisting of or comprising polyethylene, hydrogenated plastic, water, paraffin or other hydrogenated or deuterated compounds.
The invention relates to an accelerator module (10) included in an electrostatic accelerator apparatus of charged particles (100). The module comprises: a vacuum tube (1) provided with a first cylindrical wall (2) made of insulating material adapted to delimit an acceleration path (3) of the charged particles along a longitudinal axis (X) of the tube from a first end (1') to an opposite second end (1''); a plurality of metal electrodes (4) fixed to the tube. Each electrode includes a first electrode portion (41) extending outside the tube orthogonally to the longitudinal axis (X), and a second portion (42) extending inside the acceleration path orthogonally to the longitudinal axis and electrically connected to the first portion. Each electrode comprises a through-hole (43) in the second electrode portion for the transit of charged particles under acceleration. The module comprises a plurality of voltage generators (7) fixed to the tube and electrically connected in series. Each generator is in contact with the first portion of a first of said electrodes fixed to the tube and is electrically connected to the respective first portion of a second of said electrodes to provide an electrostatic acceleration voltage to said second electrode equal to the sum of the electrostatic voltage generated by the generator and the electrostatic voltage applied on the first of such electrodes.
H05H 5/04 - Accélérateurs à tension continue; Accélérateurs monopulsés alimentés par des générateurs électrostatiques, p.ex. générateur de Van de Graaff
41.
A METHOD FOR MEASURING TRACER UPTAKE IN CEREBRAL TISSUE BY ANALYZING IMAGES ACQUIRED BY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)
The invention refers to a detector based on 3D geometry made from a hydrogenated amorphous silicon substrate. This detector finds application in the detection of ionizing radiation.
Semiconductor drift detector, comprising a semiconductor layer wherein, on a first face, a central electrode acting as an anode (71, 81, 91) is present in a first zone of the layer, a series of drift electrodes (C) acting as a cathode are present around said central electrode, a last electrode (73, 83, 93) of which is opposite to the anode, and one or more further guard electrodes (75, 85, 95) are present in a second zone of the layer beyond said last electrode, and on a second face of the layer, opposite to the first one, there are a continuous junction (74, 84, 94) acting as an "entrance window" for particles to be detected and, externally to said continuous junction, one or more further guard electrodes (76, 86, 96), wherein between said first zone and second zone an intermediate region (77, 87, 97) is interposed in the layer, comprising on said first face one or more further "symmetrization" electrodes (78, 88, 98' and 98) acting as cathodes, and comprising on said second face an extension of said continuous junction (74, 84, 94) having a width of at least the thickness of the detector, said one or more symmetrization electrodes being adapted to create, when all electrodes are powered, an almost symmetrical shape of the electric field lines in the layer, with opposite slope, relative to the shape of the electric field lines generated by said series of drift electrodes, said intermediate region (77, 87, 97) having a width at least equal to the thickness of the layer, and beginning at and across said last electrode (73, 83, 93).
abboooTTTTT planar coordinate on the plane of the lens; wherein said second lens (T) is arranged in the optical path (a/b) of the beam transmitted/reflected by the beam separator (BS).
A method for identifying target protein folding intermediates, suitable to be tested as targets for drug discovery procedures, is here described. The method is carried out by means of electronic computing. The method provides a step of modelling a sequence in time of events defining a folding pathway of a protein, which comprises modelling and/or calculating structural and/or energy and/or physical-chemical properties of one or more protein folding intermediate states along said folding pathway. Then, the method comprises the steps of identifying at least one candidate protein folding intermediate, along the modelled folding pathway, based on identification properties, and selecting one or more target protein folding intermediates, among said at least one candidate protein folding intermediate, based on selection properties. The selection properties are related to the druggability of the protein folding intermediate. The present disclosure also comprises a related method for in silico drug discovery based on folding intermediate targeting.
A method for identifying target protein folding intermediates, suitable to be tested as targets for drug discovery procedures, is here described. The method is carried out by means of electronic computing. The method provides a step of modelling a sequence in time of events defining a folding pathway of a protein, which comprises modelling and/or calculating structural and/or energy and/or physical-chemical properties of one or more protein folding intermediate states along said folding pathway. Then, the method comprises the steps of identifying at least one candidate protein folding intermediate, along the modelled folding pathway, based on identification properties, and selecting one or more target protein folding intermediates, among said at least one candidate protein folding intermediate, based on selection properties. The selection properties are related to the druggability of the protein folding intermediate. The present disclosure also comprises a related method for in silico drug discovery based on folding intermediate targeting.
The present invention relates to a silicon carbide telescopic detector for ionizing radiation or a measuring instrument equipped with such a telescopic detector for identifying the type of ionizing radiation and/or measuring a dose released by the radiation, a detector production procedure, as well as uses and original methods which use the detector.
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
CKA,n=1-NA,n=1-Nn=1-NA,n=1-NA,n=1-Nn=1-NCK0CK1DTDT) of the reference clock signal (CLK) of each TDC (10) by use of said at least one supplementary channel of each TDC (10) dedicated to the reference clock signal (CLK). The present invention also concerns a system for measuring the relative time of arrival of at least two signals comprising at least two such devices (10) as well as a corresponding method for measuring the relative time of arrival of at least two signals.
The present invention relates to a method for the production of 67Cu which provides for disposing a target (1) comprising a first layer (2) of zinc-enriched in 70Zn and a second layer (4) of zinc-enriched in 68Zn placed adjacent to the first layer (2), providing a proton beam (3), exposing the target (1) to the proton beam (3) from the side of the first layer (2) so that the proton beam (3) passes through, in the order, first the first layer (2) and then the second layer (4), and subjecting the target (1) to radiochemical treatment in a radiochemical unit (5). The invention also refers to a target (1) for the production of 67Cu through exposure to a proton beam (3). Advantageously, the present invention finds application in the industrial field for the realization of high-power targets for the production of high quantities of 67Cu, specifically for medical applications, and for the development of automatic modules for the extraction and purification of 67Cu from the irradiated material.
G21G 1/10 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p.ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs à l'extérieur des réacteurs nucléaires ou des accélérateurs de particules par bombardement avec des particules électriquement chargées
H05H 6/00 - Cibles pour la production de réactions nucléaires
G21G 1/00 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p.ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs
50.
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE FOR THE DETECTION OF IONIZING RADIATION PROVIDED WITH MICROMETRIC OPTICAL WINDOWS
A semiconductor detector device for the detection of ionizing radiation comprises, in combination: a substrate (1) of semiconductor material capable of creating electrical charges in response to the passage of ionizing radiation therethrough; at least a first electrode (2) capable of collecting the electrical charges created in the substrate (1), which said electrode (2) is arranged on a first surface of the substrate (1), a second electrode (1) is arranged on a second surface of the substrate (1) opposed to the first one; a meta l layer (3) for providing electrical contact with a reading electronics (4) placed in contact with said first electrode (2). According to the invention, said meta l layer (3) comprises at least one slit (8), having at least one dimension equal to or less than 20 μm.
System for real-time determination of characteristics of radio-chromic films, comprising: - one or more transmission optical fibers (2), adapted to transport an optical signal emitted by a light source (1) located at one end of said one or more transmission optical fibers ( 2 ); - one or more collection optical fibers (4), adapted to transport the optical signal towards a measuring and processing system (5, 6) for measuring and processing said optical signal, located at one end of said one or more collection optical fibers ( 4 ); - an optical coupler (7) adapted to couple said one or more transmission optical fibers (2) and said one or more collection optical fibers (4) in an optical cable (8); - an optical backscattering/reflection system (10) adapted to: - house one end of said optical cable (8) opposite to that of said optical signal source (1) and measuring and processing system (5, 6); - house a radio-chromic film (3) of the type sensitive to ionizing radiations, so that it is hit by an optical signal transported by said one or more transmission optical fibers (2) and emits an optical signal towards said one or more collection optical fibers (4); - receive ionizing radiation (1) and convey it onto the area of said radio-chromic film (3) hit by said optical signal, simultaneously with said optical signal emission.
Apparatus for acquiring positron emission tomography data when irradiating an object (20) with a hadron beam (B), the apparatus comprising a plurality of detectors (10) and a data processing system (12, 15). The data processing system (12, 15) is configured to process the detection data according to the following steps: a) determining a temporal distribution of the coincidence event rate acquired by the respective detector (10), b) sampling each spill interval with a sampling frequency of the order of magnitude of GHz to obtain a respective fine grained event rate distribution; c) for each spill interval: - c1) analysing frequencies of the fine grained event rate distribution to find an initial frequency value fo compatible with the radiofrequency signal of the hadron beam; - c2) from the initial frequency value, estimating period Ts of the micro-bunches and transforming time values of the coincidence events in the spill interval into values of phase relative to an arbitrary phase, based on the estimated period of the micro-bunches; and - c3) at each micro-bunch of the spill interval, executing filtering to remove coincidence events around a peak associated with background noise induced by the hadron beam and keep the remaining coincidence events of the micro-bunch.
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
A61N 5/10 - Radiothérapie; Traitement aux rayons gamma; Traitement par irradiation de particules
53.
Particle detector capable of separating in-time signals from out-of-time signals
H01L 31/115 - Dispositifs sensibles au rayonnement d'ondes très courtes, p.ex. rayons X, rayons gamma ou rayonnement corpusculaire
H01L 31/118 - Dispositifs sensibles au rayonnement d'ondes très courtes, p.ex. rayons X, rayons gamma ou rayonnement corpusculaire du type détecteurs à barrière de surface ou à jonction PN superficielle, p.ex. détecteurs de particules alpha à barrière de surface
H01L 31/028 - Matériaux inorganiques comprenant, à part les matériaux de dopage ou autres impuretés, uniquement des éléments du groupe IV de la classification périodique
54.
METHOD FOR OBTAINING A SOLID TARGET FOR RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS PRODUCTION
Method (100) for obtaining a solid target for radionuclides production by cyclotron, comprising the steps of : - arranging at least one first supporting element (2), having at least one first surface (21) intended to support at least one precursor isotope (3), and at least one second surface (22) opposed thereto (step 110); and - applying said at least one precursor isotope (3) on said at least one first surface (21) of said at least one first supporting element (2). The at least one first supporting element (2) is a chemically inert material at conditions of dissolution of said at least one precursor isotope (3) and at least one radioactive isotope of interest produced upon irradiation of said target (1) by said cyclotron.
G21G 1/10 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p.ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs à l'extérieur des réacteurs nucléaires ou des accélérateurs de particules par bombardement avec des particules électriquement chargées
H05H 6/00 - Cibles pour la production de réactions nucléaires
55.
APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS
An apparatus for generating random numbers (100) is described, comprising: a detection device (1) sensitive to the pass-through of muons (μ) and suitable to provide a first detection signal (Smd) representing at least one parameter associated with the pass-through of a single muon; a processing device (2) configured to receive the first detection signal (Smd) and to generate at least one random number (RN) as a function of a mathematical rule and of said at least one parameter.
Optical microscope (100) for detecting particles having sub-diffractive size within a sample, comprising: a display system (50), having a first objective (01); a polarising device (6); an analyser system (60), having a second objective (02) and a reflection element (7), wherein an optical path between the first objective (01) and the second objective (02) is divided into two identical parts symmetric with respect to a coupling plane; a sensor device (S2) configured to detect a plurality of beams corresponding to a plurality of polarisation configurations of the polarising device (6) that is reflected by the reflection element (7), thus acquiring a plurality of images; and one or more processing units configured to perform a two-dimensional method of analysis of the plurality di acquired images.
1) that adds up the values at the outputs (CT0, . . . , CT63) of the channel branches (Br0, . . . , BR63) to supply sum values (CT_100, . . . , CT_115, CT_200, . . . , CT_203, CT_300) at outputs thereof, said multiplexer (550) being configured for selecting, from the direct outputs (CT0, . . . , CT63) of the channel branches (BR0, . . . , BR63) and the outputs (CT_100, . . . , CT_115, CT_200, . . . , CT_203, CT_300) of the adder structure (240), a signal to be supplied to a readout electronics (400) for reading the channels (20), in particular in order to enable the channels necessary for detecting a given peak excursion via the multilayer-ionization-chamber sensor (10) without saturating.
G01T 1/17 - Dispositions de circuits non adaptés à un type particulier de détecteur
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
A61N 5/10 - Radiothérapie; Traitement aux rayons gamma; Traitement par irradiation de particules
G01T 1/185 - Mesure de l'intensité de radiation avec des aménagements de chambre d'ionisation
X-ray concentrator comprising a support (11, 12, 13, 14) and a plurality of diffracting elements (20) positioned on the support and arranged in a circular ring around a central axis of the concentrator, the diffracting elements being adapted to diffract x-rays passing through the diffracting elements towards a focal point of the concentrator. The support comprises a plurality of concentric ring surfaces (11s, 12s) having a polygonal profile, each ring surface (11s, 12s) comprising a plurality of flat alignment faces (11sa, 12sa) extending parallel to the central axis of the concentrator and facing radially outwardly, wherein each alignment face (11sa, 12sa) has a respective diffracting element (20) arranged in contact therewith.
G21K 1/06 - Dispositions pour manipuler des particules ou des rayonnements ionisants, p.ex. pour focaliser ou pour modérer utilisant la diffraction, la réfraction ou la réflexion, p.ex. monochromateurs
59.
A PARTICLE DETECTOR CAPABLE OF SEPARATING IN-TIME SIGNALS FROM OUT-OF-TIME SIGNALS
Silicon Particle Detector, comprising an absorption region (10) capable of generating electrical charges in response to a particle passing therethrough, a first and a second electrode (20, 30) arranged on opposite sides of the absorption region (10), wherein the first electrode (20) is segmented into a plurality of pads (20a), and a plurality of multiplication layers (40) able to avalanche-multiply the electric charges generated in the absorption region (10), each of the multiplication layers (40) being arranged beneath a respective pad (20a) and interposed between it and the absorption region (10), each multiplication layer (40) is surrounded by a respective protection ring ( 50) formed by the material of the pad (20a). The protection ring (50) is laterally interposed between the multiplication layer (40) and the absorption region (10).
A CAM memory (Content Addressable Memory) is described, comprising a plurality of memory cells (2), organized in rows and columns, adapted to store a plurality of data words, a plurality of bit lines (BL, BLN) for receiving the bits of a word to be stored, a plurality of write lines (WL, WLN) to enable writing of a sequence of memory cells, so as to store the bits present on the bit lines (BL, BLN), a plurality of search lines (SL, SLN) arranged in the column direction to transmit a word to be searched in the memory cells, a matching circuit to compare bits of the word to be searched with bits of the words stored in the memory cells. At least two of the write lines (WL0, WL1) are intertwined, so that on a same row of the CAM memory (10) are stored alternately bits of at least two different words. In this way, the length of the search lines and/ or of the bit lines can be reduced.
G11C 15/00 - Mémoires numériques dans lesquelles l'information, comportant une ou plusieurs parties caractéristiques, est écrite dans la mémoire et dans lesquelles l'information est lue au moyen de la recherche de l'une ou plusieurs de ces parties caractéristique
G11C 8/14 - Organisation de lignes de mots; Disposition de lignes de mots
G11C 15/04 - Mémoires numériques dans lesquelles l'information, comportant une ou plusieurs parties caractéristiques, est écrite dans la mémoire et dans lesquelles l'information est lue au moyen de la recherche de l'une ou plusieurs de ces parties caractéristique utilisant des éléments semi-conducteurs
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
10 - Appareils et instruments médicaux
25 - Vêtements; chaussures; chapellerie
41 - Éducation, divertissements, activités sportives et culturelles
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Scientific, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), and teaching apparatus and instruments; Radiation detectors for environmental monitoring apparatus; Radiation detectors for educational purposes; Optical microscopes; Electron microscopes; Computer software; Computer software and algorithms for image processing; Computer software and algorithms for functioning of apparatus; Computer software and algorithms for data processing; Probes for scientific purposes; Testing probes, other than for medical purposes; Ultrasonic probes, other than for medical use; Optical fibre temperature probes, other than for medical use; Radiation dosemeters; Diagnostic apparatus, not for medical purposes; Diagnostic ultrasound apparatus, other than for medical use; Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for laboratory use. Surgical and medical apparatus and instruments; Intra-operative probes; Dispensers for medical use; Medical diagnostic apparatus for medical purposes; Diagnostic apparatus for medical purposes; Tools for medical diagnostics. Clothing, footwear, headgear; Tee-shirts; Sweat shirts; Hats. Education; Providing of training; Entertainment; Sporting and cultural activities; Organisation of conferences, exhibitions and competitions; Conducting courses, seminars and workshops; Arranging professional workshop and training courses; Arranging and conducting of training courses; Arrangement of seminars for educational purposes; Providing of training, teaching and tuition; Educational and teaching services. Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; Industrial analysis and research services; Design and development of computers and computer programs; Technological consultancy relating to engineering and physics; Surveying and exploration services; Conducting of research and analysis in the field of nuclear physics; Analysis of materials; conducting scientific trials; Testing of radiation hardness; Feasibility studies; Calibration of instruments; Calibration of instruments.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
10 - Appareils et instruments médicaux
41 - Éducation, divertissements, activités sportives et culturelles
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Scientific, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), and teaching apparatus and instruments; Radiation detectors for environmental monitoring apparatus; Radiation detectors for educational purposes; Optical microscopes; Electron microscopes; Computer software; Computer software and algorithms for image processing; Computer software and algorithms for functioning of apparatus; Computer software and algorithms for data processing; Probes for scientific purposes; Testing probes, other than for medical purposes; Ultrasonic probes, other than for medical use; Optical fibre temperature probes, other than for medical use; Radiation dosemeters; Diagnostic apparatus, not for medical purposes; Diagnostic ultrasound apparatus, other than for medical use; Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for laboratory use. Surgical and medical apparatus and instruments; Intra-operative probes; Dispensers for medical use; Medical diagnostic apparatus for medical purposes; Diagnostic apparatus for medical purposes; Tools for medical diagnostics. Education; Providing of training; Entertainment; Sporting and cultural activities; Organisation of conferences, exhibitions and competitions; Conducting courses, seminars and workshops; Arranging professional workshop and training courses; Arranging and conducting of training courses; Arrangement of seminars for educational purposes; Providing of training, teaching and tuition; Educational and teaching services. Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; Industrial analysis and research services; Design and development of computers and computer programs; Technological consultancy relating to engineering and physics; Surveying and exploration services; Conducting of research and analysis in the field of nuclear physics; Analysis of materials; conducting scientific trials; Testing of radiation hardness; Feasibility studies; Calibration of instruments; Calibration of instruments.
63.
Devices for the simultaneous measurement in real time of energy and of flux of mono-energetic beams of hadrons of low energy
G01T 1/24 - Mesure de l'intensité de radiation avec des détecteurs à semi-conducteurs
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
G01N 15/14 - Recherche par des moyens électro-optiques
A61N 5/10 - Radiothérapie; Traitement aux rayons gamma; Traitement par irradiation de particules
Method for the production of high efficiency photocathodes for ultraviolet based on nanodiamonds, comprising providing a support (10; 20, 21) capable of conducting electrons, and producing a photosensitive layer of nanodiamonds (30) on the support (10; 20, 21). Production of the photosensitive layer includes providing nanodiamond particles in the form of powder, hydrogenating the nanoparticles in a H2 plasma, preparing a dispersion of the hydrogenated particles in a solvent, and spraying the dispersion onto the support and waiting for the solvent to evaporate from the support, the spray and waiting cycle being repeated several times in order to obtain a continuous photosensitive layer.
A method for detecting intrinsic radioactivity of radioactive samples is described, characterized in that it comprises a measurement of emission of X photons from said radioactive samples, and that it comprises the following steps: - providing a sample of material to be subjected to said measurement of emission of X photons, said sample being stratiform and having two main sides, - placing one or more semiconductor-type or bolometer-type detectors near one or two of said two main sides of the sample, said detectors being characterized by a surface covering the whole or most of the area of said main sides; - measuring said emission of X photons, respectively in the presence and in the absence of said sample, for a predetermined time interval; - determining the energetic spectrum of said emission of X photons, respectively in the presence and in the absence of said sample, by measuring the number of counts produced by said emission; - subtracting said measurement of the number of counts in the absence of the sample from said measurement of the number of counts in the presence of the sample, thus obtaining a useful measurement of the number of counts; - estimating the X-ray detection efficiency with reference to said one or more detectors, said sample, and said energetic spectrum; - determining the branching ratio (BR) of each row of said emission of X photons; - determining said intrinsic radioactivity as a weighted mean value of said number of counts with respect to the measured values of detection efficiency and branching ratio within said time interval taken into account.
G01T 1/178 - Dispositions de circuits non adaptés à un type particulier de détecteur pour la mesure d'une activité spécifique en présence d'autres substances radioactives, p.ex. des substances naturelles, présentes dans l'air ou dans des liquides tels que l'eau de pluie
G01T 7/00 - MESURE DES RADIATIONS NUCLÉAIRES OU DES RAYONS X - Détails des instruments de mesure des radiations
66.
CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR ACQUISITION OF SIGNALS FROM AN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING BEAMS OF CHARGED PARTICLES FOR EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY
A circuit arrangement for acquisition of signals from an apparatus for measuring beams of charged particles for external radiotherapy, in particular protons, carbon ions, and other ion species, emitted by particle accelerators, comprising at least one ionization-chamber sensor (10), which includes a plurality of sensor channels (20), said circuit arrangement (200; 500) comprising a plurality of channel branches (B0,..., B63; BR0,..., BR63) in parallel designed to be connected to said sensor channels (20) for receiving respective measurement signals (i) therefrom, said channel branches (B0,..., B63; BR0,..., BR63) comprising respective current-to- frequency converters (210) and counters (220) for supplying count values (CT), representing a charge associated to a given channel (20), to a multiplexer (250; 550). According to the invention, said channel branches (BR0,..., BR63) supply their own outputs (CT0,..., CT63) directly to said multiplexer (550) and to an adder structure (240) comprising at least one first column (2401) of adders (2411) that adds up the values at the outputs (CT0,..., CT63) of the channel branches (Br0,..., BR63) to supply sum values (CT_100,..., CT_115, CT_200,..., CT_203, CT_300) at outputs thereof, said multiplexer (550) being configured for selecting, from the direct outputs (CT0,..., CT63) of the channel branches (BR0,..., BR63) and the outputs (CT_100,..., CT_115, CT_200,...,CT_203, CT_300) of the adder structure (240), a signal to be supplied to a readout electronics (400) for reading the channels (20), in particular in order to enable the channels necessary for detecting a given peak excursion via the multilayer-ionization-chamber sensor (10) without saturating.
G01T 1/17 - Dispositions de circuits non adaptés à un type particulier de détecteur
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
67.
Device and method for detecting neutrons and gamma rays
A device for detecting neutrons and gamma rays comprises at least one detector and an acquisition and data-analysis system, connected to the detector; the detector comprises an active part that is formed by a plurality of: scintillator layers, made of a scintillator material, in particular a plastic scintillator; and absorber layers, containing at least one neutron-absorbing material, in particular cadmium or gadolinium; the acquisition and data-analysis system is configured so as to: analyze the signals coming from the detector and calculate the total energy released within the detector following upon an interaction with gamma rays or neutrons; and discriminate between gamma rays and neutrons impinging upon the detector according to whether the energy detected is higher or lower than a pre-set threshold.
A process for manufacturing a metal gasket allowing a ultra high vacuum sealing, without air bags trapped between the gasket and the connected portions, and at the same time implementing an electric continuity at the joint which does not produce any stress or discharges if subjected to radio-frequencies even with high intensity, comprises the steps of: providing a metal gasket (1) the cross-section thereof has a sealing head (2) with conical shape, with a flat base (4) constituting an inner face of the gasket and a conical body the upper and lower edges thereof (5, 6), adjacent to the base, are intended to be tightened between two metal portions therebetween a gasket compartment is formed (10) having a pre-fixed depth, and a centering tail (3) with an extension to be corresponded to said prefixed depth; arranging the gasket (1) in said compartment (10) by resting the distal end (7) of said tail (3) onto the bottom (16) of the compartment (10); and tightening the two metal portions one against the other one by implementing the required sealing and by interrupting the tightening before deforming the inner face of the gasket (1) by creating a discontinuity between the connected surfaces.
F16J 15/08 - Joints d'étanchéité entre surfaces immobiles entre elles avec garniture solide comprimée entre les surfaces à joindre exclusivement par garniture métallique
F16L 23/20 - Raccords à brides caractérisés par les moyens d'étanchéité les moyens d'étanchéité étant des segments exclusivement en métal
69.
SYSTEM FOR MAGNETRON SPUTTERING DEPOSITION OF A FILM OF A BASE MATERIAL ON THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF A SUBSTRATE
A system (1) for magnetron sputtering deposition of a relatively thin film of a base material on the interior surface (S) of an annular cavity (C) of a substrate (B). The system comprises a cathode target (2) made of the base material having a longitudinal axis (X) and an air gap (3) formed between an outer cylindrical tubular wall (4) and an inner cylindrical wall (5) which are substantially coaxial and are joined by a transverse connection wall (6), a magnetic structure (8) consisting of a tubular support (8) with an end edge (10) and an exterior cylindrical surface (11) for supporting a magnetic track (13). The cathode (2) is coupled to the substrate (B) and defines a vacuum region (V) for a plasma of the base material. The magnetic structure (8) is inserted in the air gap (3) with its end edge (10) facing the connection wall (6) of the cathode (2) to confine the plasma on the exterior surface (12), and is designed to rotate in the air gap (3) about the longitudinal axis (X), with the end edge (10) proximate to the connection wall (6). The magnetic track (13) comprises a pair of substantially straight sections (14, 15) which extends to the end edge (10) and are joined by at least one intermediate curved section (16).
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA Dl REGGIO EMILIA ARCISPEDALE S. MARIA (Italie)
S.I.T.-SORDINA IORT TECHNOLOGIES S.P.A. (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Montanari, Alessandro
Iori, Mauro
Felici, Giuseppe
Abrégé
A ionizing radiation detector comprising a plurality of scintillators (12) of plastic material, wherein said scintillators (12) are in form of co-planar plates disposed according to a two-dimensional ordered arrangement, each plate having a respective optical fiber (13) joined to a face or to a perimetral edge portion of the plate for conveying scintillation light pulses to a photodetector (20).
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
A digitally controlled oscillator architecture is natively digital and therefore not dependent upon any particular technology process for the manufacture thereof, and basically it comprises: a chain of delay elements having each at least three inputs and an output, a first input driven by the output of the previous element and used for propagation in the line, a second input for the injection of a signal in the line and a third input or inputs for the selection of the behaviour of each delay element; and a high fan-out network to drive with balanced delays the injection inputs of said delay elements, wherein said high fan out network is based on a clock tree, which distributes the input signal to the second input of each delay element.
H03K 5/13 - Dispositions ayant une sortie unique et transformant les signaux d'entrée en impulsions délivrées à des intervalles de temps désirés
H03K 5/15 - Dispositions dans lesquelles des impulsions sont délivrées à plusieurs sorties à des instants différents, c. à d. distributeurs d'impulsions
H04L 7/033 - Commande de vitesse ou de phase au moyen des signaux de code reçus, les signaux ne contenant aucune information de synchronisation particulière en utilisant les transitions du signal reçu pour commander la phase de moyens générateurs du signal de synchronisation, p.ex. en utilisant une boucle verrouillée en phase
72.
Detector configuration with semiconductor photomultiplier strips and differential readout
CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (Suisse)
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Williams, Crispin
Abrégé
A detector configuration that combines a plurality of elongated semiconductor photo-multiplier sensor strips coupled to a scintillator crystal block with a differential readout that will enhance the time resolution. This is permitted due to a reduction of electronic noise due to reduced cross talk and noise in the ground. In addition, the dead area is minimized and thus the efficiency of the photodetector is enhanced.
G01T 1/20 - Mesure de l'intensité de radiation avec des détecteurs à scintillation
G01T 1/202 - Mesure de l'intensité de radiation avec des détecteurs à scintillation le détecteur étant du cristal
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
G01T 1/24 - Mesure de l'intensité de radiation avec des détecteurs à semi-conducteurs
73.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE SPATIAL PROFILE OF A FLUX GENERATED BY A CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM
The present invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for determining the spatial profile of a flux generated in a region by a charged particle beam based upon the use of pixelated image sensors. The method consists in a step of calibrating the sensor obtained by measuring the value of a parameter detected on each pixel of said sensor subjected to a beam of charged particles so that each pixel is crossed at most by a particle for each measurement interval, in the processing, starting from the data of said calibration, of a specific correlation function between the parameter measured by each pixel of the sensor and the number of particles for measurement interval crossing each pixel of the sensor and at last in the real time processing of the real measurement of such parameter by each pixel of the sensor crossed by a flux of charged particles with not known and variable intensity on the surface of said sensor by using said correlation function.
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
74.
COMPUTER METHOD FOR CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN IMAGES
The invention relates to a method for classifying brain images in order to provide information useful for the diagnosis of pathologies. Once the image of a brain is electronically acquired, for example a PET image, a first and a second metrics are computed. Therefore the image is classified depending on its distance from a joined metric. This latter is calculated starting from a sample of images homogeneous to the acquired one, as a function able to separate, in the two-dimensional space of the first and second metrics, the sample images of a class from the images of other classes.
A system for measuring a mono-energetic hadron beam, characterized by including a first detection unit (10) comprising a planar sensor (12) having a sensing area (14) segmented into a matrix of pixels (16), each pixel being adapted to provide a transit signal indicative of transit of a particle therethrough, and a counting circuit (18) coupled to the sensor for providing an output signal indicative of number of particles Np of the beam crossing said sensing area in a time interval, based on the transit signals provided by said pixels, and a second detection unit (30) arranged downstream of the first detection unit (10) and comprising at least one ionization detector (31) for providing an output signal proportional to the total charge Qion released by the beam (B) in the ionization detector in said time interval.
G01T 1/29 - Mesure effectuée sur des faisceaux de radiations, p.ex. sur la position ou la section du faisceau; Mesure de la distribution spatiale de radiations
A61N 5/10 - Radiothérapie; Traitement aux rayons gamma; Traitement par irradiation de particules
76.
ECHO-SCINTIGRAPHIC PROBE FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS AND RELEVANT DIAGNOSTIC METHOD
UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA "LA SAPIENZA" (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Pani, Roberto
Orsolini Cencelli, Valentino
Fabbri, Andrea
Abrégé
The present invention relates to an echo-scintigraphic probe (1) for medical applications and the method of merging images. It is constituted by the union of an ultrasound probe (11) suitably integrated, both in geometric terms, and in terms of image processing, with a scintigraphic probe or gamma camera (3). With a single application of said probe (1), one is able to provide a double image of the object under examination. The ultrasound probe (11) is housed in the head (8), above the plane of the collimator (14) and kept projecting to favor the direct contact with the body part (20) of the patient (13) to be examined. The collimator (14) is able to obtain images of the biodistribution of a radiolabeled drug by radiation with frontal incidence, maintaining the characteristics of the ultrasound probe (11). The probe (1) is applicable to both clinical diagnosis and intraoperative diagnosis of cancer with the use of radio tracers. The invention also concerns a guided diagnostic method that realizes a functional integration of a pair of ultrasound and scintigraphic images concurrently obtained by the echo-scintigraphic probe (1) according to the invention.
The invention relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger (1), wherein at least one microchannel (3), placed within a plate (2) having an upper face (4) and a lower face (6) and precisely arranged between said upper face (4) and lower face (5) is obtained by making a groove on the upper face (4) of the plate (2), said groove extending between an open extremity facing on the upper face (4) and a blind extremity (32) placed inside the plate (2), and machining the blind extremity (32) of the groove to create a volume of a suitable size to house a tube (10) inserted in the microchannel (3), said tube (10) being fixed inside the microchannel (3) by generating an interference between the tube (10) and the microchannel (3). The invention relates also to a heat exchanger (1) obtained by such method. The heat exchanger (1) according to the present invention is advantageously and preferably applied in nuclear and particle physics systems, such as for example systems for producing radiopharmaceuticals (100), for cooling heat engines, for cooling electronic components and circuits, for producing power targets for medical, energy and basic research applications.
F28F 3/12 - Eléments construits sous forme d'un panneau creux, p.ex. comportant des canaux
H01L 23/34 - Dispositions pour le refroidissement, le chauffage, la ventilation ou la compensation de la température
H05K 7/20 - Modifications en vue de faciliter la réfrigération, l'aération ou le chauffage
F28F 21/00 - Structure des appareils échangeurs de chaleur caractérisée par l'emploi de matériaux spécifiés
G21G 1/00 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p.ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs
F01P 3/02 - Disposition du refroidissement des cylindres ou des hauts de cylindres
78.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING BETA EMITTING RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, AND BETA EMITTING RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS THUS OBTAINED
The present invention relates to a method for producing beta emitting radiopharmaceuticals, particularly pure beta emitting radiopharmaceuticals by pure nuclear fission processes. The method provides to produce, through a primary accelerator (10), a low energy proton beam (11), namely with an energy lower than 70 MeV, preferably with an energy ranging from 32 to 45 MeV, more preferably with energy ranging from 38 to 42 MeV; the low energy proton beam (11) is irradiated on a source target (12) so as to generate a neutral atom beam (13); the neutral atoms (13) are ionized (14, 15), extracted by acceleration (16, 17) and preferably subjected to a first focusing (18, 19); the first focused beam (19) is subjected to a mass separation (20) such to generate a isobaric beam (21) of radioisotopes. The isobaric beam (21) therefore is preferably subjected to a second focusing (22, 23) and it is sent for a predetermined time on a deposition target (24). Then the irradiated deposition target (25) is subjected to chemical treatment (26) so as to obtain pure beta emitting radiopharmaceuticals. The invention further relates to a radiopharmaceutical, particularly strontium chloride, obtained by such method.
G21G 1/10 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p.ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs à l'extérieur des réacteurs nucléaires ou des accélérateurs de particules par bombardement avec des particules électriquement chargées
79.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING BETA EMITTING RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, AND BETA EMITTING RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS THUS OBTAINED
The present invention relates to a method for producing beta emitting radiopharmaceuticals, particularly pure beta emitting radiopharmaceuticals by pure nuclear fission processes. The method provides to produce, through a primary accelerator (10), a low energy proton beam (11), namely with an energy lower than 70 MeV, preferably with an energy ranging from 32 to 45 MeV, more preferably with energy ranging from 38 to 42 MeV; the low energy proton beam (11) is irradiated on a source target (12) so as to generate a neutral atom beam (13); the neutral atoms (13) are ionized (14, 15), extracted by acceleration (16, 17) and preferably subjected to a first focusing (18, 19); the first focused beam (19) is subjected to a mass separation (20) such to generate a isobaric beam (21) of radioisotopes. The isobaric beam (21) therefore is preferably subjected to a second focusing (22, 23) and it is sent for a predetermined time on a deposition target (24). Then the irradiated deposition target (25) is subjected to chemical treatment (26) so as to obtain pure beta emitting radiopharmaceuticals. The invention further relates to a radiopharmaceutical, particularly strontium chloride, obtained by such method.
G21G 1/10 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p.ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs à l'extérieur des réacteurs nucléaires ou des accélérateurs de particules par bombardement avec des particules électriquement chargées
80.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING NEUTRONS AND GAMMA RAYS
A device (1) for detecting neutrons and gamma rays comprises at least one detector (2) and an acquisition and data-analysis system (3), connected to the detector (2); the detector (2) comprises an active part (7) that is formed by a plurality of: scintillator layers (8), made of a scintillator material, in particular a plastic scintillator; and absorber layers (9), containing at least one neutron-absorbing material, in particular cadmium or gadolinium; the acquisition and data- analysis system (3) is configured so as to: analyse the signals coming from the detector (2) and calculate the total energy released within the detector (2) following upon an interaction with gamma rays or neutrons; and discriminate between gamma rays and neutrons impinging upon the detector (2) according to whether the energy detected is higher or lower than a pre-set threshold.
G01T 1/20 - Mesure de l'intensité de radiation avec des détecteurs à scintillation
G01T 3/06 - Mesure de flux de neutrons avec des détecteurs à scintillation
G01V 5/00 - Prospection ou détection au moyen de radiations nucléaires, p.ex. de la radioactivité naturelle ou provoquée
81.
METHOD FOR INCREASING THE Q-FACTOR AND THE MAXIMUM ACCELERATING FIELD IN SUPERCONDUCTING CAVITIES, SUPERCONDUCTING CAVITY MADE ACCORDING TO SUCH METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PARTICLE ACCELERATION USING SAID CAVITY
The subject of this invention is a method for manufacturing a superconducting cavity (1,1') for particle accelerators comprising said cavity (1,1') comprising at least one shell wall (3) adapted to define an internal hollow volume (21), said shell wall comprising an inner surface (31) made of Niobium and an outer surface (32) facing towards a cooling fluid, preferably Helium in the liquid phase, wherein on the outer surface (32) a coating is provided, preferably of micrometric thickness, intended to adapt the thermal impedance between said cavity (1,1') and said cooling fluid, said coating being made from material having a Debye temperature that is lower than that of the material from which the outer surface (32) is made, other objects of the invention include a superconducting cavity thus formed, and a system for the acceleration of particles comprising such a cavity.
H05H 7/20 - Cavités; Résonateurs avec des parois supraconductrices
82.
Network interface card for a computing node of a parallel computer accelerated by general purpose graphics processing units, and related inter-node communication method
A Network Interface Card (NIC) for a cluster node for parallel calculation on multi-core GPU is described. The NIC has a cluster network including a host and a host memory, a graphics processing unit (GPU) with a GPU memory, a bus and the NIC. The NIC has a transmission network connection block and a reception network connection block. The NIC further includes the following blocks: a transmission block, a reception block, and a GPU memory management block for a direct exchange between the GPU memory and the network through the NIC. An inter-nodal communication method of a nodes cluster, which uses the NIC is also described.
The present invention relates to a method for detecting features of high repetition rate short and ultrashort pulses. The method provides sending (301) a laser pulse train (3) on a non-linear crystal (4), then detecting (302)/ through an antenna (9), radio waves (7) generated by the crystal (4) due to the polarization inducted by the pulse train on the non-linear crystal (4). An output signal of the antenna is processed (303) in order to determine at least a feature of al least a pulse of said pulse train. A system (1) and a device (100) are also described for detecting features of high repetition rate short and ultrashort laser pulses.
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, c. à d. dispositifs utilisant l'émission stimulée de rayonnement électromagnétique dans la gamme de l’infrarouge, du visible ou de l’ultraviolet
CERN - EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (Suisse)
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Williams, Crispin
Abrégé
A detector configuration that combines a plurality of elongated semiconductor photo- multiplier sensor strips coupled to a scintillator crystal block with a differential readout that will enhance the time resolution. This is permitted due to a reduction of electronic noise due to reduced cross talk and noise in the ground. In addition, the dead area is minimized and thus the efficiency of the photodetector is enhanced.
UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA "LA SAPIENZA" (Italie)
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE (Italie)
MUSEO STORICO DELLA FISICA E CENTRO STUDI E RICERCHE "E. FERMI" (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Faccini, Riccardo
Bellini, Fabio
Collamati, Francesco
Di Domenico, Antonio
De Lucia, Erika
Ferroni, Fernando
Fiore, Salvatore
Marafini, Michela
Mattei, Ilaria
Patera, Vincenzo
Piersanti, Luca
Sarti, Alessio
Sciubba, Adalberto
Voena, Cecilia
Abrégé
The invention relates to the use of β- emitting radiolabeled tracers for administration to a patient prior to radio-guided surgery, and to the corresponding probes designed to intraoperatively detect β- decays from cancerous tissues so as to locate even small cancerous remnants still present after resection of the main cancerous lesions. The β- emitting radiolabeled tracer for use according to the invention is labeled with a radioisotope undergoing exclusively β- decays or a radioisotope undergoing β- decays and having no more than 10-11 % of γ rays decays, ptrgrtsbly no more than 5% of γ rays decays. The corresponding probe for use in combination with the β- emitting tracer proposed has an extension direction along a longitudinal axis and comprises one or more blocks of scintillating material, each one having a main extension parallel to the longitudinal axis and transversal dimensions smaller than 3 mm, each of said one or more blocks being partially shielded by a material that is inactive with respect to β- radiation.
ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITA' DI BOLOGNA (Italie)
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Brancaccio, Rosa
Casali, Franco
Morigi, Maria Pia
Levi, Giseppe
Bettuzzi, Matteo
Abrégé
The present invention concerns a method of calculation that is simultaneously parallel and graphic able to run on clusters with various operating systems such as for example Windows HPC and Unix. A program realized according to such a method is able to perform a parallel calculation on a cluster, by means of a message-passing system (for example MPI), and at the same time to visualise an interactive graphic interface (GUI). The program according to the method runs in parallel and executes the calculation in parallel as defined by user instructions that are provided through a GUI. The GUI is generated, managed and visualised within the cluster itself and therefore it is not necessary to connect to it by an external PC. The developed method is able to perform the reconstruction for example of tomographic images in parallel and to show the graphic results on video, even partially and interactively. The method, therefore, may be applied to any software for processing images of any type (medical imaging, non-destructive tests for the industry and cultural heritage), but also of other types of data such as those coming from physical instruments connected to the cluster.
A method is described for measuring signals generated by a detector of ionizing particles and/or radiations, said signals being made available as electric charges at the outputs of the detector, the method being adapted for use within a multichannel environment with VLSI or higher technology and comprising the steps of: removing all said electric charges at a constant rate from said outputs of the detector, by using a type of preamplification in linear or saturation conditions; measuring the time necessary for removing all said electric charges; converting said time into a measurement of the quantity of said electric charges; defining an event of a succession of events as characterized by all said electric charges, said measurement being referred to said event; eliminating from said measurement a contribution relating to electric charges of all previous events.
G01T 1/17 - Dispositions de circuits non adaptés à un type particulier de détecteur
88.
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD FOR A COMPUTING NODE OF A PARALLEL COMPUTER ACCELERATED BY GENERAL PURPOSE GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNITS, AND RELATED INTER-NODE COMMUNICATION METHOD
Network Interface Card for a node of a cluster of nodes for parallel calculation on GPUs, and relevant inter-nodal communication method The invention concerns a Network Interface Card or "NIC" for a cluster node for parallel calculation on multi-core GPU, the cluster network including a host and a host memory, whereon a calculation application can be installed, a GPU with a GPU memory, a bus and a NIC, the NIC comprising a transmission network connection block (TXJJNK) and a reception network connection block (RXJJNK), the NIC network interface card being characterized in that it further comprises the following blocks: - a transmission block (NIC_GPU_TX), which comprises means suitable to receive data from the GPU memory and metadata from the Host through said bus, and to route them towards said transmission network connection block (TXJJNK); - a reception block (NIC_GPU_RX), which comprises means suitable to receive data from said reception network connection block (RXJJNK) and to provide them to the GPU memory through said bus, - a GPU memory management block (NIC_GPU_DMA), which comprises means suitable to send metadata to the GPU to control the reading or writing of data from/into the memory of the same GPU, on the basis of metadata received respectively from said reception block (NIC_GPU_RX) or said transmission block (NIC_GPU_TX); thus realizing a direct Exchange between the GPU memory and the network through the NIC, avoiding that the data pass through the Host. The invention further concerns an inter-nodal communication method of a nodes cluster, which uses the network interface card according to the invention.
G01N 31/00 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux non biologiques par l'emploi des procédés chimiques spécifiés dans les sous-groupes; Appareils spécialement adaptés à de tels procédés
G01T 1/178 - Dispositions de circuits non adaptés à un type particulier de détecteur pour la mesure d'une activité spécifique en présence d'autres substances radioactives, p.ex. des substances naturelles, présentes dans l'air ou dans des liquides tels que l'eau de pluie
90.
X- AND ALPHA-RADIATION SOURCE, PIXE-XRF ANALYSIS DEVICE USING SAID SOURCE AND SOURCE-PRODUCTION METHOD
The invention relates to an X- and alpha-radiation source, a PIXE-XRF analysis device using the aforementioned source and a method of producing said source. According to the invention, the source consists of a support (2) comprising a chemical element having an atomic number of less than 10 or a plurality of chemical elements each having an atomic number of less than 10. The support is covered with a layer (4) of noble metal with a thickness of less than 0.2µm, on which a layer of material that has been selected from among the actinides is deposited. The inventive method consists in forming a layer of the material by means of electrochemical deposition from an organic electrolyte based on dimethylformamide and containing ions of the material.
DIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA SPERIMENTALE OF THE UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI TORINO (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Fritsch, Ernst
Friedl, Friedrich
Gomola, Igor
Peroni, Cristiana
Marchetto, Flavio
Donetti, Marco
Cirio, Roberto
Abrégé
A radiation monitor and method of monitoring the radiation delivered to a target by a radiation device is described. The radiation monitor contains a set or matrix of pixel ion chambers. The pixel ion chambers are preferably constructed of a top electrode and a segmented electrode connected to the top electrode through a mid layer. The plurality of pixel ion chambers is formed within the mid layer extending from the top electrode to the segmented electrode. The mid layer is laminated to the top electrode and segmented electrode by an array of adhesive dots, wherein the adhesive dots are dimensioned and positioned on the mid layer to provide ventilation slits or channels for the ion chambers.
Process for the production of jewels, constituted by a substrate, that is mineral, metallic, glassy or plastic and high-resistant to temperature, whereon is deposited at least a layer of mineral or metallic material, characterised in that it comprises the following subsequent steps: A. degreasing of the substrate by means of ultrasounds; B. positioning the substrate on a support or housing inside a vacuum chamber; C. depositing said at least a material layer, the deposition being made with a PVD technique, in particular a technique selected in the group consisting of: sputtering, ion plating, cathodic arc. The invention also concerns a jewel, characterised in that it is produced utilising the process according to the invention.
