SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE STATUS OF A BRAKING SYSTEM, METHOD FOR ESTIMATING OF THERMAL PROPERTIES OF A BRAKING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR ESTIMATING OF THERMAL EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF A BRAKING SYSTEM
In one aspect the invention relates to a system for monitoring the status of a braking system (1) comprising at least one brake comprising at least one braked rotor (10), at least one braking element (20) comprising at least one block of the friction material (21), a support (23) of the block of friction material (21) and at least one temperature sensor (30) configured and arranged for sensing a direct temperature measurement performed at an internal point of said braking system, a plurality of sensors (400) for sensing physical and dynamic conditions of the braking system (1) and at the boundary of the braking system (1), wherein the at least one electronic control unit (100) comprises at least a plurality of algorithms (200) configured for at least the acquisition, process archive and communication of the data detected by the plurality of sensors (400), wherein the at least one electronic control unit (100) comprises at least one mathematical model (300) configured as a braking system thermal model (BSTM) for the evaluation and presentation of an estimate (500) of the thermal status of the braking system (1), wherein the mathematical model (300) is configured to use as input data at least the temperature acquired by the at least one temperature sensor (30) to estimate (500) the thermal status of said braking system (1) processed by the mathematical model (300). In further aspects the invention relates to a method for estimating of thermal properties of a braking element and a method for estimating of thermal power exchange parameters of a braking system.
A brake pad (1), in particular for electric or hybrid vehicles, including a support consisting of a backplate (2) and a friction material block (3) attached to the backplate; the backplate (2) consists of a substrate (12) made of a fiber reinforced SMC/BMC (Sheet/Bulk Molding Compound) and of a reinforcing metal core (14) completely embedded in the substrate (12) and extending crosswise thereof between first sides thereof (6,7) provided with guiding portions (10,11), which are mechanically connected to each other through the substrate (12) by the reinforcing metal core (14); the fiber reinforced SMC/BMC consisting of chopped long strand fibers chosen among carbon fibers, glass fibers, mixtures thereof dispersed in a pre-cured thermosetting polymer chosen in the group consisting of vinyl ester resins, phenolic based resins and epoxy resins added with a flame retardant A co-molding method for forming the brake pad (1) is also disclosed.
B29C 43/18 - Moulage par pressage, c. à d. en appliquant une pression externe pour faire couler la matière à mouler; Appareils à cet effet pour la fabrication d'objets de longueur définie, c. à d. d'objets séparés en incorporant des parties ou des couches préformées, p.ex. moulage par pressage autour d'inserts ou sur des objets à recouvrir
B29C 43/00 - Moulage par pressage, c. à d. en appliquant une pression externe pour faire couler la matière à mouler; Appareils à cet effet
B29C 70/08 - Façonnage de matières composites, c. à d. de matières plastiques comprenant des renforcements, des matières de remplissage ou des parties préformées, p.ex. des inserts comprenant uniquement des renforcements, p.ex. matières plastiques auto-renforçantes des renforcements fibreux uniquement comprenant des combinaisons de différentes formes de renforcements fibreux incorporés dans une matrice, formant une ou plusieurs couches, avec ou sans couches non renforcées
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
3.
A METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR ESTIMATING RESIDUAL TORQUE BETWEEN THE BRAKED AND BRAKING ELEMENTS OF A VEHICLE
A method for estimating the residual torque between the braked and braking elements of a vehicle that is characterized by the following phases: acquisition of the temperature value of said braking element; determination of whether said brake is activated when the temperature value is acquired; acceptance of the acquired temperature value if said brake is not activated at said acquisition time; if the acquired temperature value is accepted, automatically calculating a reference temperature using input from an N-dimensional calculation model with an N-dimensional vector of input variables; where said N-dimensional vector of variables includes at least the acquired temperature of said braking element; where said N-dimensional calculation model is an analytical or experimental characterization of the thermal behavior of the brake; estimating residual torque by comparing the accepted acquired temperature to the calculated reference temperature.
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
4.
IMPROVED FRICTION MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND ASSOCIATED FRICTION ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR FOR ALUMINUM DISC BRAKES
An asbestos free friction material composition and associated brake pad for cooperation with Al-based brake discs for vehicles, wherein the composition includes at least one filler, at least a fibrous material, at least one binder, at least one titanate, at least one barite and at least one alumina, the ratio between alumina and barite being in the range from 1:10 to 5:1, preferably in combination with at least one thermal conductive carbon Main Figure: Figures 3 and 5a,5b
A method for estimating the activation of the braking of a vehicle, comprising at least one braking element (3, 3') and at least one braked element (2) of at least one brake (1) of a vehicle, in which the braking element (3, 3') includes at least one force sensor (6), and at least one electronic control unit (11) of the at least one brake (1), comprises the steps of: temporal acquisition by the control unit (11) of at least one force signal generated by the at least one force sensor (6); detection of significant temporal changes of the force signal; processing in the control unit (11) with a customized algorithm of the significant changes of the force signal; reconstruction through the algorithm of temporal moments of activation and release of the braking; return by the control unit (11) of the temporal moments of activation and release of the braking to information systems (19) and/or board control applications (20) and/or to algorithms (21) dedicated to estimating the performance and conditions of the braking system of said vehicle.
The method for estimating the residual torque between at least one braking element (3, 3') and a braked element (2) of a brake (1) of a vehicle, in which the braking element (3, 3 ') includes at least one force sensor (6), comprises the steps of: - monitoring the activated/deactivated status of the brake (1); - temporal acquisition of a force signal generated by the force sensor (6); - calculation of the variation field (Cv, C'v) of the force signal; - calculation of a primary indicator (Ip) of residual torque in which the calculated value of said variation field (Cv, C'v) of the force signal is inputted into a primary calculation algorithm (Ap); wherein the primary indicator of residual torque (Ip) is calculated and the calculated value of said primary indicator of residual torque (Ip) is validated only if the temporal acquisition of the force signal occurred when the brake was in deactivated status.
The method for estimating the speed of a wheeled vehicle provided with at least one brake (1) comprising at least one braking element (3, 3') and a braked element (2), in which the braking element (3, 3') includes at least one force sensor (6), comprises the steps of: - acquisition of a force signal (F, F') generated by the at least one force sensor (6); - analysis of the force signal (F, F') in the time or frequency domain and calculation of at least one parameter of the force signal (F, F'); and - calculation of a vehicle speed estimate (vest) in which the calculated value of the parameter is inputted into an estimate algorithm (Ap) for estimating the speed of the vehicle.
An asbestos free friction material composition and associated brake pad for vehicles including inorganic and/or organic and/or metallic fibers, at least a binder, at least a friction modifier or lubricant, at least a filler or abrasive and at least a soluble salt of barium and/or calcium and/or aluminum and/or silver with percentage between 0.5- 10% by weight. Among them barium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, aluminum triacetate and silver acetate are preferably.
An asbestos free friction material composition and associated brake pad for vehicles, in particular electric vehicles, wherein the composition includes at least one filler, at least a fibrous material, at least one binder, at least one titanate, at least one barite and at least one silicon rubber in combination with at least one expanded or foam silicate.
A method of estimating wear of a vehicle brake element including at least a braking disk (10), a wearable block of friction material (20) and a support back plate (40) of the block of friction material (20), comprising at least: —providing a temperature sensor (100) configured and placed to sense the temperature of the support back plate (40) —providing an Electronic Processing Unit (200) connected to the temperature sensor (100); —providing an acquisition of the sensed temperature of the support back plate (40), a generation of a temperature signal of the sensed temperature and a transmission of the temperature signals to the Electronic Processing Unit (200); —and the Electronic Processing Unit (200) providing an estimation (500) of the thickness of the wearable block of friction material (20) by processing of the temperature signals.
A system (1) for processing a powder material (2) like e.g. a friction material, including a weighting device (3) for the powder material and an extruder (5) to feed the powder material (2) to a lump breaker device (8) arranged immediately downstream the extruder (5) to let a completely pulverized material (2b) to fall into a hopper (21) arranged over the weighting device (3); the lump breaker device (8) including a rotating drum (9) arranged transversely the extruder (5) and delimited by a lateral surface (10) provided with a plurality of depressions (14), preferably spoon-like, on the whole extension thereof; the lateral surface (10) being arranged immediately adjacent an outlet end (6) of the extruder and being rotated toward the outlet end (6) from upside down.
A friction material is discloses for a braking pad comprising a binder comprising a mixture of a phenolic resin or a phenol formaldehyde resin and of a thermoplastic. The total amount of said phenolic resin or phenol formaldehyde resin and of said thermoplastic is between 2 and 60% in volume of said friction material. The ratio in volume between phenolic resin or phenol formaldehyde resin and the thermoplastic is from 20 to 80% in volume. Preferably the thermoplastic has a melting temperature between 120° and 350° C. and comprises a polyamide or a thermoplastic polymer with N—H bond, either in the backbone or in the pendant group. More preferably the thermoplastic material is chosen in the group constituted by PA4, PA6, PA1, PA11, PA12, PA410, PA610, PA66, PA612.
The method of replacing a brake pad or brake jaw installed in a braking system of a vehicle, wherein the brake pad or brake jaw installed comprises a friction material block and a metal back plate (100) of the friction material block (300), comprises the following operations: -obtain technical specifications of the installed brake pad or brake jaw including at least the shape and size of the installed metal back plate; -reproduce a metal back plate (100) with the acquired technical specifications of shape and size and fit it with a fingerprint (110); - assembling a smart brake pad or brake jaw (400) by means of fixing in said fingerprint (110) of a board (200) with a printed circuit board presenting at least one force sensor (201) and/or one temperature sensor and a connector (210) and applying a block of friction material (300) to the reproduced metal back plate (100); -providing a replacement kit (1) comprising said smart brake pad or brake jaw (400), an electronic module (240) comprising a processing unit and a transmitter for transmitting and processing information received from said at least one force sensor (201) and/or temperature sensor, a physical interface (410) for mechanical and electrical connection between said electronic module (240) and connector (210), a software application (420) installable in a mobile electronic device configured to interact with said electronic module (240).
Methods and devices for estimating a residual torque between the braked (e.g., brake disk or drum) and braking elements (e.g., support plate or friction block) of a vehicle based on acquired and reference temperatures, where the reference temperature can be calculated using an N-dimensional calculation model with an N-dimensional vector of input variables, and where said N-dimensional calculation model can be an analytical or experimental characterization of the thermal behavior of the brake.
G01L 3/16 - Dynamomètres d'absorption rotatifs, p.ex. du type frein
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
Braking device for a vehicle, with a piezoelectric sensor (2) comprising: a piezoelectric material, two electrodes (6, 7), wherein the piezoelectric material comprises a first flat face (4) and a second flat face (5), the faces extending in parallel planes identified by two orthogonal y and z directions, wherein an electrical signal is collected by the electrodes when the piezoelectric material is simultaneously subjected to a normal force in an x-direction and to a shear force in the z-direction, wherein the first electrode is positioned on the first face and the second electrode is positioned on the second face and has extensions (7a, 7b) on the first face separated by the first electrode, wherein each of said extensions extends on a corresponding side of said first face, and wherein each of said extensions is symmetrically configured with respect to a central axis of the first face.
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
G01L 5/167 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour la mesure de plusieurs composantes de la force en utilisant des moyens piézo-électriques
H10N 30/30 - Dispositifs piézo-électriques ou électrostrictifs à entrée mécanique et sortie électrique, p.ex. fonctionnant comme générateurs ou comme capteurs
16.
IMPROVED GEOPOLYMERIC FRICTION MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR FOR MANUFACTURING BRAKE PADS, AND ASSOCIATED METHOD AND BRAKE PAD
A friction material for brake elements and an associated method wherein inorganic and/or organic and/or metallic fibers, at least one binder, at least one friction modifier or lubricant, and at least one filler or abrasive are mixed together, the binder being made up at least 90%w of at least one amorphous geopolymer containing aluminosilicates of at least two different alkali metals, the alkali metals being selected at couples of different metals in the group consisting in: Na, K, Li, Ce, Rb.
C04B 28/00 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates
17.
FRICTION MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND ASSOCIATED FRICTION ELEMENT
A finishing station (1) configured for carrying out chamfers and/or slots on a block (5) of friction material of a brake pad (2) including a robotized articulated arm (8) provided with a head (11) rotating around a first axis (A) and carrying a tool (19) including a rigid plate (20) perpendicular to the first axis (A) and carrying a first and a second motorized holding devices (24,25), each configured to hold one brake pad (2) and rotatable in independent manner around second axes (B) parallel to the first axis (A) and arranged side by side with a first interaxis (I1); wherein a first and second grinding module (9,37) are arranged in front of the robotized articulated arm (8), each including a pair of grinding wheels (31,32;41,42) arranged at respective interaxes identical to the first interaxis (i1).
B24B 27/00 - Autres machines ou dispositifs à meuler
B24B 9/06 - Machines ou dispositifs pour meuler les bords ou les biseaux des pièces ou pour enlever des bavures; Accessoires à cet effet caractérisés par le fait qu'ils sont spécialement étudiés en fonction des propriétés de la matière propre aux objets à meuler de matière inorganique non métallique, p.ex. de la pierre, des céramiques, de la porcelaine
B24B 9/00 - Machines ou dispositifs pour meuler les bords ou les biseaux des pièces ou pour enlever des bavures; Accessoires à cet effet
B24B 47/16 - MACHINES, DISPOSITIFS OU PROCÉDÉS POUR MEULER OU POUR POLIR; DRESSAGE OU REMISE EN ÉTAT DES SURFACES ABRASIVES; ALIMENTATION DES MACHINES EN MATÉRIAUX DE MEULAGE, DE POLISSAGE OU DE RODAGE Équipement à cet effet pour entraîner dans leur mouvement de rotation ou de va-et-vient les arbres porte-meules ou les arbres porte-pièces animés d'un mouvement de va-et-vient, p.ex. pendant lequel le sens de rotation de l'arbre de travail est inversé
B24B 47/12 - MACHINES, DISPOSITIFS OU PROCÉDÉS POUR MEULER OU POUR POLIR; DRESSAGE OU REMISE EN ÉTAT DES SURFACES ABRASIVES; ALIMENTATION DES MACHINES EN MATÉRIAUX DE MEULAGE, DE POLISSAGE OU DE RODAGE Équipement à cet effet pour entraîner dans leur mouvement de rotation ou de va-et-vient les arbres porte-meules ou les arbres porte-pièces par une transmission mécanique ou par l'énergie électrique
B24B 51/00 - Systèmes pour la commande automatique d'une série d'opérations successives du meulage d'une pièce
F16D 65/00 - ACCOUPLEMENTS POUR LA TRANSMISSION DES MOUVEMENTS DE ROTATION; EMBRAYAGES; FREINS - Éléments constitutifs ou détails des freins
B24B 19/28 - Machines ou dispositifs conçus spécialement pour une opération particulière de meulage non couverte par d'autres groupes principaux pour meuler des pièces à surfaces arquées, p.ex. parties de carrosserie de véhicules, pare-chocs ou têtes d'enregistrement magnétiques pour meuler des sabots ou des garnitures de freins à tambour
B24B 41/06 - Supports de pièces, p.ex. lunettes réglables
B23Q 39/02 - Machines pour le travail des métaux incorporant un grand nombre de sous-ensembles capables chacun de réaliser une opération de travail du métal les sous-ensembles étant susceptibles d'être mis en fonctionnement à un seul poste de travail
19.
ORGANO-TITANATES AS ADHESION PROMOTER FOR ANTI-NOISE SHIM ON BRAKE PADS, ASSOCIATED BRAKE PAD AND METHOD
For promoting adhesion of an anti-noise shim (6) to a surface (7) of a metallic support (2) of a braking element (1) normally painted with an epoxy resin and by means of gluing the anti-noise shim (6) to the surface by means of an acrylic glue, the surface (7) is pre-treated by applying a primer onto the epoxy resin paint layer (9), the primer consisting in an organo-titanate (10) diluted in an organic solvent, preferably an alcoholic polar solvent; the organo-titanate (10) is preferably a tetra-alkoxy titanium (IV) represented by the general formula Ti(OR)4.
B32B 15/08 - Produits stratifiés composés essentiellement de métal comprenant un métal comme seul composant ou comme composant principal d'une couche adjacente à une autre couche d'une substance spécifique de résine synthétique
F16D 65/00 - ACCOUPLEMENTS POUR LA TRANSMISSION DES MOUVEMENTS DE ROTATION; EMBRAYAGES; FREINS - Éléments constitutifs ou détails des freins
20.
METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF FRICTION MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRAKE PADS, AND ASSOCIATED BRAKE PAD
Method for obtaining a friction material for a brake pad wherein a wet paste formed by mixing an alkaline silicate solution with metakaolin is spread on a support in a layer or tape and subsequently subjected to a thermal treatment to form a geopolymer aggregate; wherein the thermal treatment consists in drying the wet paste to a completely dried or almost completely dried geopolymer aggregate having a moisture content lower than a desired moisture content in the final geopolymer; and wherein the completely dried or almost completely dried geopolymer is ground to a powder, which is then re-wetted to a desired moisture content by addition of water or of a hydrated salt.
A vehicle electronic system including a parking brake equipment, comprising a brake element (2) including either a brake pad or a brake shoe, said brake element (2) including an electrical circuit equipped with one or more sensors (3, 4, 5) for real-time detection of signals relating to temperatures and/or to normal forces and/or to shear forces and having electrical terminals arranged in a zone for collecting the signals from the brake element, said vehicle electronic parking brake system further comprising an actuator (8) of the brake element (2), a controller (7) delivering a braking force command to the actuator (8), and regulating means (9, 10) driving the controller (7), wherein the regulating means (9, 10) include a closed regulating loop of the braking force including a reference braking force generator (10), said closed regulating loop of the braking force being communicating with said sensors (3, 4, 5) to acquire at least one of temperatures and/or normal forces and/or shear forces measurements.
B60T 8/171 - Détection des paramètres utilisés pour la régulation; Mesure des valeurs utilisées pour la régulation
B60T 8/172 - Détermination des paramètres de commande utilisés pour la régulation, p.ex. par des calculs impliquant des paramètres mesurés ou détectés
B60T 8/174 - Utilisation de moyens de régulation électriques ou électroniques pour la commande du freinage caractérisées par l'utilisation de logiques particulières de commande, p.ex. de la logique floue
22.
FRICTION MATERIAL BLOCK, IN PARTICULAR FOR EQUIPPING BRAKE PADS AND ASSOCIATED BRAKE PAD AND METHOD
Friction block or layer made of an asbestos free friction material, the friction material including, as composing materials thereof, inorganic and/or organic and/or metallic fibers, at least a binder, at least a friction modifier or lubricant and at least a filler or abrasive, wherein the asbestos free friction material also contains, as an additional composing material or additive, an hydrophobic wax, preferably present from 0.5% to 5% in volume, the asbestos free friction material block or layer possessing a hydrophobicity, defined as the time of absorption within the friction material of a liquid drop formed by 20+/−5 μL of distilled water, of more than 60 minutes, so that the force to detach the friction block or layer from a metallic surface to which it has been made to stitch electrochemically is lower than 15 Nw.
A method for estimating wear in the braking element of a vehicle that includes at least a braking disc (10), a wear-able block of friction material (20) and a back support plate (40) of the block of friction material (20), at least one temperature sensor (100) configured and positioned to sense the temperature of the back support plate (40), and one electronic processing unit (200) connected to the temperature sensor (100), including the actions of: -capturing, over time, a plurality of temperature values from at least one temperature sensor (100); -processing an estimate of the thickness (600) of said wear-able block of friction material (20) by processing the acquired temperature values, where the estimate of the thickness (600) of the wear-able block of friction material (20) is performed by subsequently subtracting a plurality of wear increases (500) from the thickness of the block (20), where each increase in wear (500) is calculated between capture points t1 and t2 of a corresponding pair of temporally consecutive temperature values, where each increase in wear (500) is calculated by calculating the amount of heat transferred to the wearable block of friction material (20) between said capture points.
The force sensing device (1) comprising: a sheet (2) of piezoelectric; at least a first and a second interdigitated electrodes (5, 50) located on a first main face (3) and at least a third and fourth interdigitated electrodes (6, 60) located on a second main face (4) of the sheet (2), the first and third electrodes (5, 6) being aligned to each other along a normal stress direction (N), the second and fourth electrodes (50, 60) being aligned to each other along the normal stress direction (N); the piezoelectric material comprising first portions (100) facing the first and third electrodes (5, 6) interposed with second portions (101) facing the second and fourth electrodes (50, 60), the first portions (100) having bulk electric polarization with vector field (E) mostly oriented in alignment with the normal stress direction (N), the second portions (101) having bulk electric polarization with vector field (E) mostly oriented transversally to the normal stress direction (N).
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
H10N 30/30 - Dispositifs piézo-électriques ou électrostrictifs à entrée mécanique et sortie électrique, p.ex. fonctionnant comme générateurs ou comme capteurs
H10N 30/87 - Dispositifs piézo-électriques ou électrostrictifs - Détails de structure Électrodes ou interconnexions, p.ex. connexions électriques ou bornes
H10N 30/06 - Formation d’électrodes ou d’interconnexions, p.ex. de connections électriques ou de bornes
H10N 30/045 - Traitements afin de modifier une propriété piézo-électrique ou électrostrictive, p.ex. les caractéristiques de polarisation, de vibration ou par réglage du mode par polarisation
25.
VEHICLE BRAKE PAD AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION THEREOF
A vehicle brake pad (100) comprising: a support plate (21); a friction pad (20); at least a shear force sensing device; and an electrical circuit configured to collect signals from the shear force sensing device (1); wherein the shear force sensing device (1) comprises: a sheet (2) of piezoelectric material having a first and a second main faces (3, 4) parallel to each other identifying a shear stress direction (S); at least a first digitated reading electrode (5) located on the first main face (3); at least a second digitated reading electrode (6) located on the second main face (4), the first and second reading electrodes (5, 6) having digits (5a, 6a) aligned along a reading direction (R) orthogonal to the stress shear direction (S); at least a first digitated polarizing electrode (7) located on the first main face (3) and interdigitated with the first digitated reading electrode (5); and at least a second digitated polarizing electrode (8) located on the second main face (4) and interdigitated with the second digitated reading electrode (6); and wherein the piezoelectric material has a bulk electric polarization with vector field (E) transversally oriented to the reading direction (R), each pair of aligned digits (5a, 6a) of the first and second reading electrodes (5, 6) enclosing a respective zone (2a) of the piezoelectric material having the
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
26.
BRAKING SYSTEM WITH REDUCED TENDENCY TO SQUEAL IN COLD CONDITIONS, IN PARTICULAR FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES, AND ASSOCIATED BRAKE PAD AND METHOD
Braking system (1) and method aimed to produce a forced increase in a damping layer (7) temperature of a brake pad (3), arranged between a metal support (5) and a friction material block (6) thereof, wherein the damping layer (7) is heated such as to stay at a temperature above a glass transition temperature of rubber components thereof, so assuring a maximum damping behavior; the heating is caused by magnetic induction generated by one or more electrically conducting coils (15) fed in AC by a power source (10) carried by the vehicle and arranged either integrated in the brake pad (3), e.g. carried by the support (5), or in the vicinity thereof.
Technologies are generally described for a composition for an under-layer of a brake pad of a brake disc rotor. The composition may include a fiber pack, a powdered rubber, at least one binder, and at least one filler, wherein the fiber pack includes aramid fibers up to about 3 wt %.
Various systems, devices, and methods for a vehicle smart brake pad comprising a sensor such as a force sensing device, and a production process thereof. For example, a production process of a vehicle brake pad can include the following steps in time sequence: applying an electrical circuit a support plate; screen printing on the electrical circuit of at least a first electrode; screen printing on the at least first electrode of a sheet of piezoelectric material; screen printing on the sheet of at least a second electrode; applying a friction pad on the support plate; and bulk polarizing the sheet of piezoelectric material by a supply of power to the at least first and second electrodes.
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
H05K 3/12 - Appareils ou procédés pour la fabrication de circuits imprimés dans lesquels le matériau conducteur est appliqué au support isolant de manière à former le parcours conducteur recherché utilisant la technique de l'impression pour appliquer le matériau conducteur
29.
Method and plant for manufacturing braking elements
Method and plant for manufacturing braking elements such as vehicle brake pads. The plant can comprise a first station that applies an adhesive to a first face of a metallic element; a second station that applies to the first face of the metallic element a block of friction material; a checking station that verifies the presence of the adhesive by detecting the gray level of a plurality of points of at least one zone of the first face; and a processing unit that compares the gray level detected for each point with a first threshold value, counts the number of points that have a gray level that satisfies a relationship (which is a function of the threshold value,) and compares such a value with a second threshold value to discard those metallic elements for which the percentage calculated does not correspond to the second threshold value.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
35 - Publicité; Affaires commerciales
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Vehicle brake pad wear sensors; vehicle brake disc wear
sensors; magnetic sensors; electronic sensors; optical
sensors; digital sensors; piezoelectric sensors; computer
programmes for data processing; application software for
mobile devices. Vehicle parts; brakes for vehicles; brake blocks for
vehicles; vehicle brake discs; brake pads for vehicles. Business management of wholesale and retail outlets. Vehicle maintenance; automobile repair. Creation, installation, updating, maintenance and rental of
computer software.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
35 - Publicité; Affaires commerciales
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Vehicle brake pad wear sensors; vehicle brake disc wear
sensors; magnetic sensors; electronic sensors; optical
sensors; digital sensors; piezoelectric sensors; computer
programmes for data processing; application software for
mobile devices. Vehicle parts; brakes for vehicles; brake blocks for
vehicles; vehicle brake discs; brake pads for vehicles. Business management of wholesale and retail outlets. Vehicle maintenance; automobile repair. Creation, installation, updating, maintenance and rental of
computer software.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
35 - Publicité; Affaires commerciales
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Vehicle brake pad wear sensors; vehicle brake disc wear
sensors; magnetic sensors; electronic sensors; optical
sensors; digital sensors; piezoelectric sensors; computer
programmes for data processing; application software for
mobile devices. Vehicle parts; brakes for vehicles; brake blocks for
vehicles; vehicle brake discs; brake pads for vehicles. Business management of wholesale and retail outlets. Vehicle maintenance; automobile repair. Creation, installation, updating, maintenance and rental of
computer software.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
35 - Publicité; Affaires commerciales
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Vehicle brake pad sensors; vehicle brake disk sensors; electronic vehicle brake pad wear sensors; electronic vehicle brake disc wear sensors; digital sensors being electric sensors; piezoelectric sensors; pressure sensors; microsensors for measurement of pressure, acceleration, force ; sensors for determining temperature; downloadable and recorded computer programmes for data processing; downloadable and recorded application software for mobile devices for monitoring vehicle engine performance Vehicle parts being structural parts for land vehicles; brakes for vehicles; brake blocks for land vehicles; vehicle brake discs; brake pads for vehicles Business management services for wholesale and retail outlets Vehicle maintenance; automobile repair Development, installation, updating, maintenance and rental of computer software
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
35 - Publicité; Affaires commerciales
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Electric vehicle brake pad sensors for determining wear; elecric vehicle brake disk sensors for determining wear; electronic vehicle brake pad wear sensors; electronic vehicle brake disc wear sensors; digital sensors being electric sensors; piezoelectric sensors; pressure sensors; microsensors for measurement of pressure, acceleration, force; sensors for determining temperature; downloadable and recorded computer programmes for data processing; downloadable and recorded application software for mobile devices for monitoring vehicle engine performance Vehicle parts being structural parts for land vehicles; brakes for vehicles; brake blocks for land vehicles; vehicle brake discs; brake pads for vehicles Business management services for wholesale and retail outlets Vehicle maintenance; automobile repair Development, installation, updating, maintenance and rental of computer software
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
35 - Publicité; Affaires commerciales
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Vehicle brake pad sensors; vehicle brake disk sensors; electronic vehicle brake pad wear sensors; electronic vehicle brake disc wear sensors; digital sensors being electric sensors; piezoelectric sensors; pressure sensors; microsensors for measurement of pressure, acceleration, force ; sensors for determining temperature; downloadable and recorded computer programmes for data processing; downloadable and recorded application software for mobile devices for monitoring vehicle engine performance Vehicle parts being structural parts for land vehicles; brakes for vehicles; brake blocks for land vehicles; vehicle brake discs; brake pads for vehicles Business management services for wholesale and retail outlets Vehicle maintenance; automobile repair Development, installation, updating, maintenance and rental of computer software
36.
SENSORIZED BRAKING DEVICE FOR A VEHICLE, A PIEZOELECTRIC SHEAR FORCE DETECTING SENSOR, AND A SHEAR FORCE DETECTING METHOD
The sensorized braking device (1) for a vehicle, comprising at least one piezoelectric sensor (2) for measuring shear force, an electrical circuit (12) configured to collect signals from the sensor (2), wherein the sensor (2) comprises a piezoelectric material (3), a first and at least a second readout electrode (6, 7), wherein the piezoelectric material (3) comprises a first flat face (4) and a second flat face (5) facing the first flat face (4), the first and second flat faces (4, 5) extending in parallel planes identified by two orthogonal directions y and z, wherein the piezoelectric material (3) is polarized in the z direction, wherein the first electrode (6) is positioned on the first face (4) and the second electrode (7) is positioned on the second face (5) and has at least one extension (7a, 7b) on the first face (4) separated from the first electrode (6), and wherein the extension (7a, 7b) of the second electrode (7) is arranged symmetrically with respect to the y- and z-axes.
A sensor-equipped brake pad (1) for the braking system of a motor vehicle, comprising a printed circuit board (200), a rear support plate (100) having a recess (110) in which the printed circuit board (200) is fixed, at least one force sensor (201) mounted on the printed circuit board (200), a block of friction material (300) mounted on the rear plate (100), wherein the printed circuit board (200) is interposed between the rear plate (100) and the block of friction material (300), and wherein structural stiffening means (260) for the printed circuit board (200) are provided.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
35 - Publicité; Affaires commerciales
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
vehicle brake pad wear sensors; Brake disc wear sensors, for vehicles; Magnetic sensors; Electronic sensors; Optical sensors; Digital sensors; Piezoelectric sensors; Computer programmes for data processing; Application software for mobile devices. Vehicle parts; Brakes for vehicles; Brake shoes for vehicles; Brake discs for vehicles; Brake pads for vehicles. Business management of wholesale and retail outlets. Vehicle maintenance; Automobile repair. Software creation, Installation of computer software, Updating of computer software, Maintenance of computer software and Rental of computer software.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
35 - Publicité; Affaires commerciales
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
vehicle brake pad wear sensors; Brake disc wear sensors, for vehicles; Magnetic sensors; Electronic sensors; Optical sensors; Digital sensors; Piezoelectric sensors; Computer programmes for data processing; Application software for mobile devices. Vehicle parts; Brakes for vehicles; Brake shoes for vehicles; Brake discs for vehicles; Brake pads for vehicles. Business management of wholesale and retail outlets. Vehicle maintenance; Automobile repair. Software creation, Installation of computer software, Updating of computer software, Maintenance of computer software and Rental of computer software.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
35 - Publicité; Affaires commerciales
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
vehicle brake pad wear sensors; Brake disc wear sensors, for vehicles; Magnetic sensors; Electronic sensors; Optical sensors; Digital sensors; Piezoelectric sensors; Computer programmes for data processing; Application software for mobile devices. Vehicle parts; Brakes for vehicles; Brake shoes for vehicles; Brake discs for vehicles; Brake pads for vehicles. Business management of wholesale and retail outlets. Vehicle maintenance; Automobile repair. Software creation, Installation of computer software, Updating of computer software, Maintenance of computer software and Rental of computer software.
41.
A METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR ESTIMATING RESIDUAL TORQUE BETWEEN THE BRAKED AND BRAKING ELEMENTS OF A VEHICLE
A method for estimating the residual torque between the braked and braking elements of a vehicle that is characterized by the following phases: acquisition of the temperature value of said braking element; determination of whether said brake is activated when the temperature value is acquired; acceptance of the acquired temperature value if said brake is not activated at said acquisition time; if the acquired temperature value is accepted, automatically calculating a reference temperature using input from an N-dimensional calculation model with an N-dimensional vector of input variables; where said N-dimensional vector of variables includes at least the acquired temperature of said braking element; where said N-dimensional calculation model is an analytical or experimental characterization of the thermal behavior of the brake; estimating residual torque by comparing the accepted acquired temperature to the calculated reference temperature.
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
B60T 17/00 - SYSTÈMES DE COMMANDE DES FREINS POUR VÉHICULES OU PARTIES DE CES SYSTÈMES; SYSTÈMES DE COMMANDE DES FREINS OU PARTIES DE CES SYSTÈMES, EN GÉNÉRAL; AMÉNAGEMENT DES ÉLÉMENTS DE FREINAGE SUR VÉHICULES EN GÉNÉRAL; DISPOSITIFS PORTATIFS POUR INTERDIRE LE MOUVEMENT NON VOULU D'UN VÉHICULE; MODIFICATIONS APPORTÉES AUX VÉHICULES POUR FACILITER LE REFROIDISSEMENT DES FREINS - Éléments, parties constitutives ou accessoires des systèmes de freins non couverts par les groupes , ou , ou présentant d'autres caractéristiques intéressantes
42.
Methods and devices for estimating residual torque between the braked and braking elements of a vehicle
Methods and devices for estimating a residual torque between the braked (e.g., brake disk or drum) and braking elements (e.g., support plate or friction block) of a vehicle based on acquired and reference temperatures, where the reference temperature can be calculated using an N-dimensional calculation model with an N-dimensional vector of input variables, and where said N-dimensional calculation model can be an analytical or experimental characterization of the thermal behavior of the brake.
G01L 3/16 - Dynamomètres d'absorption rotatifs, p.ex. du type frein
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
43.
Residual braking torque indication devices, systems, and methods
Various residual braking torque indication devices, systems, and methods are described. The devices, systems, and methods can include a sensorized brake pad. An output signal of the sensorized brake pad can be processed to provide an indication of a residual braking torque. The residual braking torque indicator can be calibrated to reference data to provide an actual measurement of the residual braking torque.
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 121/28 - Type de force d'actionnement de l'actionneur Électrique ou magnétique utilisant des éléments électrostrictifs ou magnétostrictifs, p.ex. éléments piézo-électriques
44.
FRICTION MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND ASSOCIATED BRAKE PAD
Friction material composition and associated brake pad for vehicles having a reduced or nil tendency to both stiction and creep groan, wherein the composition includes an organic binder; an inorganic filler; a lubricant; hard abrasives having a Mohs hardness of above 7 having exclusively a roundish shape, e. g. consisting in: Alumina, Corindone, Silicon carbide, Tungsten carbide, Zirconium carbide, Zirconium silicate, Boron nitride; soft abrasives having a Mohs hardness of below 7; carbon based materials; and a metal or mixture of metals except Cu, in an amount of less than 7% in volume calculated on the total volume of the composition; the ratio between the hard abrasive rounded and the carbon based materials being 1:3; the ratio between the hard abrasive rounded and the soft abrasives being 1:6; the ratio between the metal or mixture of metals and the carbon based materials being 1:6.
Methods and equipment for determining conditions of adhesion between a first and a second mechanical element are disclosed. The mechanical elements are attached respectively to a first and second support, which are immersed in an electrolyte together with a counter-electrode and a reference electrode to form an electrochemical cell. The second mechanical element is a working electrode being connected to an insulated electric wire that is also connected to the counter-electrode. A first uncovered face of the second element is pressed against the first element. A potential is applied to the second element of at least one predetermined value and/or a predetermined electrical current. The method can include detecting the electrical current that is transmitted through the electrolyte as a function of the potential applied and/or the potential that is established as a function of the predetermined current.
A method of estimating wear of a vehicle brake element including at least a braking disk (10), a wearable block of friction material (20) and a support back plate (40) of the block of friction material (20), comprising at least: -providing a temperature sensor (100) configured and placed to sense the temperature of the support back plate (40) -providing an Electronic Processing Unit (200) connected to the temperature sensor (100); -providing an acquisition of the sensed temperature of the support back plate (40), a generation of a temperature signal of the sensed temperature and a transmission of the temperature signals to the Electronic Processing Unit (200); -and the Electronic Processing Unit (200) providing an estimation (500) of the thickness of the wearable block of friction material (20) by processing of the temperature signals.
An asbestos-free organic friction material, in particular for producing brake pads and shoes for vehicles made up of a composition or mixture having a fibrous base, a filler, an organic binder and optional metal oxides. The composition is completely free of copper and copper compounds or alloys and includes in the fibrous base, together with inorganic and/or organic fibers, from 1% to 10% by volume, calculated relative to the total volume of the composition, of stainless steel fibers. The friction material further includes between 1% and 25% by volume of a system of fibrous oxides consisting of potassium hexatitanate and zirconia.
A friction material is discloses for a braking pad comprising a binder comprising a mixture of a phenolic resin or a phenol formaldehyde resin and of a thermoplastic. The total amount of said phenolic resin or phenol formaldehyde resin and of said thermoplastic is between 2 and 60 % in volume of said friction material. The ratio in volume between phenolic resin or phenol formaldehyde resin and the thermoplastic is from 20 to 80 % in volume. Preferably the thermoplastic has a melting temperature between 120° and 350°C and comprises a polyamide or a thermoplastic polymer with N-H bond, either in the backbone or in the pendant group. More preferably the thermoplastic material is chosen in the group constituted by PA4, PA6, PA1, PA11, PA12, PA410, PA610, PA66, PA612.
2) dispersed within a metallic matrix consisting of an alloy of NiCr; particles of a combination of several metallic materials in order to create a metallic compound consisting of an alloy of FeNiCrMoSiC (iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum-silicon-carbon).
B60T 1/06 - Aménagements des éléments de freinage, c. à d. des parties de ceux-ci dans lesquelles se produit l'effet de freinage en agissant par retardement des roues par action autre que sur la bande de roulement, p.ex. par action sur une jante, un tambour, un disque ou sur la transmission
F16D 55/22 - Freins à surfaces de freinage substantiellement radiales pressées l'une contre l'autre dans une direction axiale, p.ex. freins à disques avec disques ou patins déplaçables selon l'axe pressés contre des organes en rotation situés dans l'axe par serrage entre des organes mobiles de freinage, p.ex. des disques ou des patins de freins mobiles
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
Brake pads are prepared using a formulation of friction material of the copper-free type (Low-Steel or Organic Non-Asbestos) and at least one friction surface of a brake disc, which is intended to cooperate with the brake pad, is covered with an anti-wear and anti-corrosion coating consisting of a surface layer of chromium carbide particles (Cr3C2) dispersed in a metallic matrix consisting of a NiCr alloy, and coupled to a second layer consisting of selected combinations of metallic materials, chosen from the group consisting of: Cr3C2-high density NiCr, NiAl alloys, FeNiCrMoSiC alloys, metallic nickel, NiCr alloys, and/or any combination of the above.
A vehicle electronic system including a parking brake equipment, comprising a brake element (2) including either a brake pad or a brake shoe, said brake element (2) including an electrical circuit equipped with one or more sensors (3, 4, 5) for real-time detection of signals relating to temperatures and/or to normal forces and/or to shear forces and having electrical terminals arranged in a zone for collecting the signals from the brake element, said vehicle electronic parking brake system further comprising an actuator (8) of the brake element (2), a controller (7) delivering a braking force command to the actuator (8), and regulating means (9, 10) driving the controller (7), wherein the regulating means (9, 10) include a closed regulating loop of the braking force including a reference braking force generator (10), said closed regulating loop of the braking force being communicating with said sensors (3, 4, 5) to acquire at least one of temperatures and/or normal forces and/or shear forces measurements.
B60T 7/12 - Organes d'attaque de la mise en action des freins par déclenchement non soumis à la volonté du conducteur ou du passager
B60T 8/171 - Détection des paramètres utilisés pour la régulation; Mesure des valeurs utilisées pour la régulation
B60T 8/172 - Détermination des paramètres de commande utilisés pour la régulation, p.ex. par des calculs impliquant des paramètres mesurés ou détectés
B60T 8/1755 - Régulation des freins spécialement adaptée pour la commande de la stabilité du véhicule, p.ex. en tenant compte du taux d'embardée ou de l'accélération transversale dans une courbe
B60T 8/72 - Dispositions pour adapter la force de freinage sur la roue aux conditions propres au véhicule ou à l'état du sol, p.ex. par limitation ou variation de la force de freinage selon une condition de vitesse, p.ex. accélération ou décélération selon la différence entre une condition de vitesse, p.ex. décélération, et une référence fixe
B60T 13/66 - Commande électrique des systèmes de freins à fluide sous pression
B60T 13/74 - Transmission de l'action de freinage entre l'organe d'attaque et les organes terminaux d'action, avec puissance de freinage assistée ou relais de puissance; Systèmes de freins incorporant ces moyens de transmission, p.ex. systèmes de freinage à pression d'air avec entraînement ou assistance électrique
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
52.
Geopolymeric formulations and associated methods for the manufacturing of three-dimensional structures
A geopolymeric ink formulation for direct 3D printing containing a geopolymeric formulation whose components are present in such proportions as to be subjected to a geopolymerization reaction and to provide, at the end of the reaction, a solid geopolymer and wherein the formulation, before and during at least a part of the geopolymerization reaction, wherein three-dimensional chemical bonds have not yet been formed, forms a reversible-gel, non-Newtonian, viscoelastic fluid. The formulation is extruded through a 3D printing tool equipped with nozzle into strands according to a geometry such as to create a three-dimensional structure on one or more layers. The extrusion preferably takes place within a hydrophobic liquid, such as oil.
C04B 28/00 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates
C04B 28/34 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates contenant des liants phosphate froids
B33Y 70/00 - Matériaux spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive
B33Y 70/10 - Composites de différents types de matériaux, p.ex. mélanges de céramiques et de polymères ou mélanges de métaux et de biomatériaux
It is disclosed a method to select an elastomeric material for making an underlayer of a braking pad to reduce the cold noise, said underlayer comprising at least one elastomeric material and said method comprising the steps of characterizing the viscoelastic properties of the elastomeric material through the DMTA method by calculating the elastic modulus and the viscous modulus of a specimen of the underlayer through the following formulas Elastic modulus (I) Viscous modulus (II) wherein: F force applied by the mechanical probe D displacement of the probe Ω frequency of the probe stress frequency m the mass of the specimen L, h and b are the length, height and thickness of the specimen, respectively Δ is the phase shift between the applied force F and the displacement D - Calculating the damping tan δ as the ratio between the viscous modulus and elastic modulus according to the following formula: (III) - Selecting an underlayer having a tan δ ≥0.06 between a temperature of -40°C and 0°C and with a frequency of between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.
Friction block or layer made of an asbestos free friction material, the friction material including, as composing materials thereof, inorganic and/or organic and/or metallic fibers, at least a binder, at least a friction modifier or lubricant and at least a filler or abrasive, wherein the asbestos free friction material also contains, as an additional composing material or additive, an hydrophobic wax, preferably present from 0.5% to 5% in volume, the asbestos free friction material block or layer possessing a hydrophobicity, defined as the time of absorption within the friction material of a liquid drop formed by 20+/-5pL of distilled water, of more than 60 minutes, so that the force to detach the friction block or layer from a metallic surface to which it has been made to stitch electrochemically is lower than 15 Nw.
Various machines, systems, and methods for generating calibration data for a sensorized brake pad are disclosed. In some embodiments, a system includes a fixture, a brake pad retainer, a pressure plate, an actuator and a controller. The actuator applies a pressure to the sensorized brake pad and signals from the pressure sensors are received. Calibration data is generated based on the signals received from the pressures sensors when the pressure is applied to the sensorized brake pad.
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
G01L 5/00 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
F16D 69/00 - Garnitures de friction; Leur fixation; Emploi pour travailler ensemble de matériaux ou de surfaces de friction spécifiées
F16D 65/04 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
G07C 5/08 - Enregistrement ou indication de données de marche autres que le temps de circulation, de fonctionnement, d'arrêt ou d'attente, avec ou sans enregistrement des temps de circulation, de fonctionnement, d'arrêt ou d'attente
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
Various brake pads with thermoelectric energy harvesters are disclosed. In some embodiments, the brake pad comprising a backplate, a pad of friction material, and a TEG module. The backplate can comprise a through-hole in which elements of the TEG module are positioned.
F16D 61/00 - Freins permettant de restituer pour usage l'énergie absorbée
F16D 65/84 - Caractéristiques relatives au refroidissement pour freins à disques
H01L 35/30 - DISPOSITIFS À SEMI-CONDUCTEURS; DISPOSITIFS ÉLECTRIQUES À L'ÉTAT SOLIDE NON PRÉVUS AILLEURS - Détails fonctionnant exclusivement par effet Peltier ou effet Seebeck caractérisés par les moyens d'échange de chaleur à la jonction
H01L 35/34 - Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou au traitement de ces dispositifs ou de leurs parties constitutives
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
Technologies are generally described for a method and system for synthesizing a geopolymer. The method includes mixing an alkali silicate solution and metakaolin to form a slurry. The slurry is spread on a support. The support and the slurry are subjected to a thermal treatment to dry the slurry to form a dried material having a humidity in a range of 0-20 wt%. The dried material is detached from the support and milled to obtain a geopolymer with a particle size in a range of 1-300 microns.
C04B 28/00 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates
C08J 9/00 - Mise en œuvre de substances macromoléculaires pour produire des matériaux ou objets poreux ou alvéolaires; Leur post-traitement
C08J 9/14 - Mise en œuvre de substances macromoléculaires pour produire des matériaux ou objets poreux ou alvéolaires; Leur post-traitement utilisant des gaz de gonflage produits par un agent de gonflage introduit au préalable par un agent physique de gonflage organique
58.
Hot runner detection and response systems, devices, and methods
Various systems, devices, and methods for detecting and/or responding to the temperature of brakes are disclosed. Certain embodiments relate to inhibiting or preventing the overheating of the brakes of such vehicles, such as could occur when a hot runner condition is present.
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
F16D 55/226 - Freins à surfaces de freinage substantiellement radiales pressées l'une contre l'autre dans une direction axiale, p.ex. freins à disques avec disques ou patins déplaçables selon l'axe pressés contre des organes en rotation situés dans l'axe par serrage entre des organes mobiles de freinage, p.ex. des disques ou des patins de freins mobiles avec un organe d'actionnement commun pour les organes de freinage les organes de freinage étant des patins de freins dans lesquels l'organe d'actionnement commun se déplace axialement
F16D 65/00 - ACCOUPLEMENTS POUR LA TRANSMISSION DES MOUVEMENTS DE ROTATION; EMBRAYAGES; FREINS - Éléments constitutifs ou détails des freins
F16D 65/18 - Mécanismes d'actionnement pour freins; Moyens pour amorcer l'opération de freinage à une position prédéterminée disposés dans, ou sur le frein adaptés pour rapprocher les organes par traction
F16D 55/225 - Freins à surfaces de freinage substantiellement radiales pressées l'une contre l'autre dans une direction axiale, p.ex. freins à disques avec disques ou patins déplaçables selon l'axe pressés contre des organes en rotation situés dans l'axe par serrage entre des organes mobiles de freinage, p.ex. des disques ou des patins de freins mobiles avec un organe d'actionnement commun pour les organes de freinage les organes de freinage étant des patins de freins
59.
VEHICLE BRAKE PAD AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION THEREOF
A vehicle brake pad (100) comprising: a support plate (21); a friction pad (20); at least a shear force sensing device; and an electrical circuit configured to collect signals from the shear force sensing device (1); wherein the shear force sensing device (1) comprises: a sheet (2) of piezoelectric material having a first and a second main faces (3, 4) parallel to each other identifying a shear stress direction (S); at least a first digitated reading electrode (5) located on the first main face (3); at least a second digitated reading electrode (6) located on the second main face (4), the first and second reading electrodes (5, 6) having digits (5a, 6a) aligned along a reading direction (R) orthogonal to the stress shear direction (S); at least a first digitated polarizing electrode (7) located on the first main face (3) and interdigitated with the first digitated reading electrode (5); and at least a second digitated polarizing electrode (8) located on the second main face (4) and interdigitated with the second digitated reading electrode (6); and wherein the piezoelectric material has a bulk electric polarization with vector field (E) transversally oriented to the reading direction (R), each pair of aligned digits (5a, 6a) of the first and second reading electrodes (5, 6) enclosing a respective zone (2a) of the piezoelectric material having the vector field (E) most tangentially oriented to the shear stress direction (S).
The force sensing device (1) comprising: a sheet (2) of piezoelectric; at least a first and a second interdigitated electrodes (5, 50) located on a first main face (3) and at least a third and fourth interdigitated electrodes (6, 60) located on a second main face (4) of the sheet (2), the first and third electrodes (5, 6) being aligned to each other along a normal stress direction (N ), the second and fourth electrodes (50, 60) being aligned to each other along the normal stress direction (N ); the piezoelectric material comprising first portions (100) facing the first and third electrodes (5, 6) interposed with second portions (101) facing the second and fourth electrodes (50, 60), the first portions (100) having bulk electric polarization with vector field (E ) mostly oriented in alignment with the normal stress direction (N), the second portions (101) having bulk electric polarization with vector field (E) mostly oriented transversally to the normal stress direction (N).
H01L 41/317 - Application de parties ou de corps piézo-électriques ou électrostrictifs sur un élément électrique ou sur un autre support par dépôt de couches piézo-électriques ou électrostrictives, p.ex. par impression par aérosol ou par sérigraphie par dépôt en phase liquide
61.
BRAKE PAD WITH A FRICTION MATERIAL HAVING A GEOPOLYMER BINDER
Technologies are generally described for a method for synthesizing a geopolymer. The method includes mixing silica and metakaolin to form a pre-mixture. A silicate solution is prepared. The silicate solution and the pre-mixture are mixed to form a wet mixture. The method is carried out in absence of an alkali and in presence of water
C04B 28/00 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates
Technologies are generally described for a composition for an under-layer of a brake pad of a brake disc rotor. The composition may include a fiber pack, a powdered rubber, at least one binder, and at least one filler, wherein the fiber pack includes aramid fibers up to about 3 wt%.
Various braking devices, systems, and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the braking device includes a support element, a block of friction material supported by the support element, at least one piezoceramic sensor supported by the support element and interposed between the block of friction material (and the support element, and a protective element located at the piezoceramic sensor and embedding the latter. The protective element can have one or more layers of resin-based material applied to protect the piezoceramic sensor and direct a predetermined part of the external compression force onto an area of the support element surrounding the piezoceramic sensor. In some embodiments, a signal transduction device is provided and includes at least one piezoceramic sensor supported on a support element and has an integral protective coating having properties of mechanical and temperature resistance.
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
G01L 1/06 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en mesurant la déformation permanente de jauges, p.ex. de corps comprimés
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
64.
Method for the preparation of friction material, specifically for the manufacture of brake pads and associated brake pads
Method for creating a brake pad with a block of friction material, in which sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are dissolved in water, the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate is mixed with commercial metakaolin until a wet paste is obtained, the wet paste is formed and dried until a dried geopolymeric aggregate is obtained, the aggregate is ground to a powder, the dried ground aggregate is used as an exclusive or almost-exclusive inorganic geopolymeric binder in a friction material compound and the raw compound is hot-molded under a pressure greater than a water saturation pressure at the molding temperature.
B28B 1/54 - Fabrication d'objets façonnés à partir du matériau spécialement adaptée à la fabrication d'objets à partir de matériaux fondus, p.ex. laitier
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
16 - Papier, carton et produits en ces matières
Produits et services
Mechanical devices for the manufacture of vehicle parts; Electrically driven tools for assembling and stripping down of vehicle parts; Brakes (other than for vehicles) and parts therefor. Devices for measuring vehicle parts; Analogue and digital sensor devices; magnetic, electronic and optical sensors for measuring and collecting data regarding the physical parameter occurring in vehicle brake pads; vehicle brake pad wear sensors; software for processing of data collected from vehicle brake pads. Vehicle parts, in particular brake pads, brake segments, and parts therefor, including backing plates, Brake shoes, Brake linings; Brake discs, brakes for vehicles and parts therefor. Instruction manuals for motor vehicle parts.
66.
Method and equipment for determining conditions of stiction between a braking element and an element to be braked
Methods and equipment for determining conditions of adhesion between a first and a second mechanical element are disclosed. The mechanical elements are attached respectively to a first and second support, which are immersed in an electrolyte together with a counter-electrode and a reference electrode to form an electrochemical cell. The second mechanical element is a working electrode being connected to an insulated electric wire that is also connected to the counter-electrode. A first uncovered face of the second element is pressed against the first element. A potential is applied to the second element of at least one predetermined value and/or a predetermined electrical current. The method can include detecting the electrical current that is transmitted through the electrolyte as a function of the potential applied and/or the potential that is established as a function of the predetermined current.
Method and plant for manufacturing braking elements such as vehicle brake pads. The plant can comprise a first station that applies an adhesive to a first face of a metallic element; a second station that applies to the first face of the metallic element a block of friction material; a checking station that verifies the presence of the adhesive by detecting the gray level of a plurality of points of at least one zone of the first face; and a processing unit that compares the gray level detected for each point with a first threshold value, counts the number of points that have a gray level that satisfies a relationship (which is a function of the threshold value,) and compares such a value with a second threshold value to discard those metallic elements for which the percentage calculated does not correspond to the second threshold value.
Method for producing a friction material, including the following steps in sequence: mixing an aluminosilicate source with an alkaline silicate solution to form a geopolymer, adding a friction mix to the geopolymer solution of the previous step to obtain a slurry, casting the slurry in a mold at temperature between room temperature and 120°C and for between 5min and 2 h and demolding to obtain a pad, attaching a backplate to the pad, curing for a time between X and Y hours at a temperature of between X and Y. The friction material obtained with the method is for the manufacture of friction layers/blocks for friction elements such as braking elements, including vehicle brake pads or blocks, and/or friction discs.
C04B 28/00 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates
69.
Oven for carrying out heat treatments of friction elements, in particular brake pads, and associated method
A tunnel oven and associated method for the heat treatment of friction elements, and in particular braking elements such as brake pads is provided. The friction elements are arranged on a resting surface of a conveyor device, are moved between an inlet opening and an outlet opening of the tunnel oven, and are heated by irradiation by at least one heating device. The heating device includes a radiating plate made from stainless steel arranged facing the conveyor device and heated by electromagnetic induction using at least one inductor arranged facing the radiating plate and spaced apart therefrom on the side opposite to the conveyor device. A cooling air flow for the braking elements between the resting surface and the radiating plate is directed in counterflow to a feeding direction of the conveyor device.
F27B 9/06 - Fours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p.ex. du type tunnel; Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité chauffés électriquement
B65G 15/48 - Courroies ou porte-charges sans fin analogues métalliques
F27B 9/24 - Fours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p.ex. du type tunnel; Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité caractérisés par le procédé de déplacement de la charge pendant le traitement la charge se déplaçant sur un trajet sensiblement rectiligne sur un transporteur
F27B 9/30 - Fours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p.ex. du type tunnel; Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité - Parties constitutives, accessoires ou équipement particuliers aux fours de ces types
F27B 9/36 - Aménagement des dispositifs de chauffage
F27D 17/00 - Dispositions pour l'utilisation des chaleurs perdues; Dispositions pour l'utilisation ou pour l'élimination des gaz usés
H05B 6/10 - Appareils de chauffage par induction, autres que des fours, pour des applications spécifiques
F16D 65/04 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support
F27B 9/12 - Fours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p.ex. du type tunnel; Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité avec dispositions particulières pour le préchauffage ou le refroidissement de la charge
F27D 7/04 - Circulation d'une atmosphère par des moyens mécaniques
F27D 9/00 - Refroidissement des fours ou des charges s'y trouvant
F27D 99/00 - Matière non prévue dans les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
A method in which at least one piezoceramic sensor, which converts every mechanical force to which it is subjected into an electrical signal and having a Curie temperature higher than 200° C., is solidarized directly onto the surface of a metal support element of a vehicle braking element, which during use faces a vehicle element to be braked. While in contact with such a surface, an electrical circuit is implemented that picks up and eventually processes the electrical signal, the electrical circuit being connected with a connector integrated with the metal support element. An electrically insulating layer sandwiches the at least one piezoceramic sensor and the electrical circuit, and a block of friction material with an underlying damping layer is formed upon the electrically insulating layer. After forming the block of friction material, the piezoceramic sensor is polarized by applying a predetermined potential difference thereto by means of the connector.
F16D 69/00 - Garnitures de friction; Leur fixation; Emploi pour travailler ensemble de matériaux ou de surfaces de friction spécifiées
F16D 65/08 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à action intérieure
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
G01L 5/22 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour la mesure de la force appliquée aux organes de commande, p.ex. organes de commande des véhicules, détentes
71.
Vehicle brake pad and a production process thereof
Various systems, devices, and methods for a vehicle smart brake pad comprising a sensor such as a force sensing device, and a production process thereof. For example, a production process of a vehicle brake pad can include the following steps in time sequence: applying an electrical circuit a support plate; screen printing on the electrical circuit of at least a first electrode; screen printing on the at least first electrode of a sheet of piezoelectric material; screen printing on the sheet of at least a second electrode; applying a friction pad on the support plate; and bulk polarizing the sheet of piezoelectric material by a supply of power to the at least first and second electrodes.
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
H05K 3/12 - Appareils ou procédés pour la fabrication de circuits imprimés dans lesquels le matériau conducteur est appliqué au support isolant de manière à former le parcours conducteur recherché utilisant la technique de l'impression pour appliquer le matériau conducteur
72.
Geopolymeric formulations and associated methods for the manufacturing of three-dimensional structures
A geopolymeric ink formulation for direct 3D printing containing a geopolymeric formulation whose components are present in such proportions as to be subjected to a geopolymerization reaction and to provide, at the end of the reaction, a solid geopolymer and wherein the formulation, before and during at least a part of the geopolymerization reaction, wherein three-dimensional chemical bonds have not yet been formed, forms a reversible-gel, non-Newtonian, viscoelastic fluid. The formulation is extruded through a 3D printing tool equipped with nozzle into strands according to a geometry such as to create a three-dimensional structure on one or more layers. The extrusion preferably takes place within a hydrophobic liquid, such as oil.
C04B 28/00 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates
C04B 28/34 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates contenant des liants phosphate froids
B33Y 70/00 - Matériaux spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive
B28B 1/00 - Fabrication d'objets façonnés à partir du matériau
Methods, devices, and systems, for analyzing and managing data generated by a sensor-equipped braking system for vehicles, comprising a support element a block of friction material, at least one sensor interposed between the block of friction material and the support element, comprising at least one central control unit capable of receiving in real time from the sensor means at least the basic data related to one or more of the pressure of the activated braking system, the temperature of the activated braking system, the braking torque, the residual braking torque when the braking system is deactivated, and the wear on the braking system during and after activation thereof. The system can also include one or more auxiliary sensors.
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
B60T 8/88 - Dispositions pour adapter la force de freinage sur la roue aux conditions propres au véhicule ou à l'état du sol, p.ex. par limitation ou variation de la force de freinage selon une condition de vitesse, p.ex. accélération ou décélération comportant des moyens sensibles au fonctionnement défectueux, c. à d. des moyens pour détecter et indiquer un fonctionnement défectueux des moyens sensibles à la condition de vitesse
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
F16D 55/225 - Freins à surfaces de freinage substantiellement radiales pressées l'une contre l'autre dans une direction axiale, p.ex. freins à disques avec disques ou patins déplaçables selon l'axe pressés contre des organes en rotation situés dans l'axe par serrage entre des organes mobiles de freinage, p.ex. des disques ou des patins de freins mobiles avec un organe d'actionnement commun pour les organes de freinage les organes de freinage étant des patins de freins
74.
Residual braking torque indication devices, systems, and methods
Various residual braking torque indication devices, systems, and methods are described. The devices, systems, and methods can include a sensorized brake pad. An output signal of the sensorized brake pad can be processed to provide an indication of a residual braking torque. The residual braking torque indicator can be calibrated to reference data to provide an actual measurement of the residual braking torque.
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
F16D 65/08 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à action intérieure
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 121/28 - Type de force d'actionnement de l'actionneur Électrique ou magnétique utilisant des éléments électrostrictifs ou magnétostrictifs, p.ex. éléments piézo-électriques
75.
METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF FRICTION MATERIAL, SPECIFICALLY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRAKE PADS AND ASSOCIATED BRAKE PADS
Method for creating a brake pad with a block of friction material, in which sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are dissolved in water, the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate is mixed with commercial metakaolin until a wet paste is obtained, the wet paste is formed and dried until a dried geopolymeric aggregate is obtained, the aggregate is ground to a powder, the dried ground aggregate is used as an exclusive or almost-exclusive inorganic geopolymeric binder in a friction material compound and the raw compound is hot-molded under a pressure greater than a water saturation pressure at the molding temperature.
C04B 28/00 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates
A vehicle braking system comprising: a brake pad (1) comprising: a support plate (21); a friction pad (20); and a force sensor (10,11, 13); an electrical circuit comprising electrical terminals (24) arranged in a zone on the brake pad (1), the electrical terminals (24) configured to receive signals from the force sensor (10,11, 13); an electronic processor unit (4) comprising: an analog conditioning stage configured to condition the signals from the force sensor; an analog to digital converter configured to convert the conditioned signals to digital signals, a data processor configured to process data from the digital signals; and a transmitter configured to transmit the data; and a thermal decoupler (3) that physically connects the electronic processor unit (4) to the brake pad (1) and electrically connects the electronic processor unit (4) to the electrical terminals (24), whereby the electronic processor unit (4) is spaced apart from the brake pad (1).
Various systems, devices, and methods for detecting and/or responding to the temperature of brakes are disclosed. Certain embodiments relate to inhibiting or preventing the overheating of the brakes of such vehicles, such as could occur when a hot runner condition is present.
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
F16D 55/226 - Freins à surfaces de freinage substantiellement radiales pressées l'une contre l'autre dans une direction axiale, p.ex. freins à disques avec disques ou patins déplaçables selon l'axe pressés contre des organes en rotation situés dans l'axe par serrage entre des organes mobiles de freinage, p.ex. des disques ou des patins de freins mobiles avec un organe d'actionnement commun pour les organes de freinage les organes de freinage étant des patins de freins dans lesquels l'organe d'actionnement commun se déplace axialement
F16D 65/00 - ACCOUPLEMENTS POUR LA TRANSMISSION DES MOUVEMENTS DE ROTATION; EMBRAYAGES; FREINS - Éléments constitutifs ou détails des freins
F16D 65/18 - Mécanismes d'actionnement pour freins; Moyens pour amorcer l'opération de freinage à une position prédéterminée disposés dans, ou sur le frein adaptés pour rapprocher les organes par traction
F16D 55/225 - Freins à surfaces de freinage substantiellement radiales pressées l'une contre l'autre dans une direction axiale, p.ex. freins à disques avec disques ou patins déplaçables selon l'axe pressés contre des organes en rotation situés dans l'axe par serrage entre des organes mobiles de freinage, p.ex. des disques ou des patins de freins mobiles avec un organe d'actionnement commun pour les organes de freinage les organes de freinage étant des patins de freins
A friction material, such as those belonging to the NAO or LS classes. The friction material is substantially free from copper and includes non-spherical particles in the form of powders and/or fibres each constituted by a preferably ferrous metallic core and by an at least partial coating of core formed at least partially or totally by tin and/or tin compounds, such as intermetallic Fe—Sn compounds.
B22F 1/02 - Traitement particulier des poudres métalliques, p.ex. en vue de faciliter leur mise en œuvre, d'améliorer leurs propriétés; Poudres métalliques en soi, p.ex. mélanges de particules de compositions différentes comportant un enrobage des particules
B22F 1/00 - Poudres métalliques; Traitement des poudres métalliques, p.ex. en vue de faciliter leur mise en œuvre ou d'améliorer leurs propriétés
79.
FRICTION MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND ASSOCIATED BRAKE PAD
Asbestos free friction material composition including inorganic and/or organic and/or metallic fibers, at least a binder, at least a friction or lubricant modifier and at least a filler or abrasive, wherein these composing materials and the respective relative quantities are chosen in such a way that, after curing, the friction material composition forms a friction material block having a porosity of between 5 and 40% and a hydrophobicity of more than 20 min.
Various braking devices, systems, and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the braking device includes a support element, a block of friction material supported by the support element, at least one piezoceramic sensor supported by the support element and interposed between the block of friction material (and the support element, and a protective element located at the piezoceramic sensor and embedding the latter. The protective element can have one or more layers of resin-based material applied to protect the piezoceramic sensor and direct a predetermined part of the external compression force onto an area of the support element surrounding the piezoceramic sensor. In some embodiments, a signal transduction device is provided and includes at least one piezoceramic sensor supported on a support element and has an integral protective coating having properties of mechanical and temperature resistance.
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
81.
Antilock braking systems, devices, and methods using sensorized brake pads
Various antilock braking systems, devices, and methods using sensorized brake pads are disclosed. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for improving the performance of an antilock braking (ABS) and anti-slip regulation (ASR) system of a vehicle. The method can include detecting the actual value of the coefficient of friction (e.g., between a tire and the ground), updating the coefficient of friction during braking using the braking torque data derived from at least one braking pad of each wheel, and adjusting brake force. For example, the brake force can be adjusted as a function of and/or to be approximately equal to the value of the actual tire-road friction during braking.
B60T 8/00 - Dispositions pour adapter la force de freinage sur la roue aux conditions propres au véhicule ou à l'état du sol, p.ex. par limitation ou variation de la force de freinage
B60T 8/52 - Détection de couple, c. à d. que la force de freinage est commandée par des forces provoquant, ou susceptibles de provoquer un mouvement de torsion ou de rotation sur un objet freiné
B60T 8/171 - Détection des paramètres utilisés pour la régulation; Mesure des valeurs utilisées pour la régulation
B60T 8/172 - Détermination des paramètres de commande utilisés pour la régulation, p.ex. par des calculs impliquant des paramètres mesurés ou détectés
B60T 8/1761 - Régulation des freins spécialement adaptée pour la prévention du dérapage excessif des roues pendant la décélération, p.ex. ABS en fonction de la dynamique de la roue ou du frein, p.ex. du dérapage de la roue, de l'accélération de la roue ou du taux de variation de la pression du fluide de frein
B60T 8/1763 - Régulation des freins spécialement adaptée pour la prévention du dérapage excessif des roues pendant la décélération, p.ex. ABS en fonction du coefficient de frottement entre les roues et la surface du sol
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
82.
Method and device for real time estimation of the applied pressure and of noisiness in a brake element, in particular a brake pad
A brake element is sensorized by at least one piezoceramic sensor arranged between a metallic support element and a block of friction material of a brake element, the sensor being completely embedded within the block. An electrical voltage signal generated by at least one piezoceramic sensor, without the need for a power supply, is picked up by an electrical circuit integrated into the metallic support element. The electrical voltage signal is processed in the form of equal length of samples per unit of time of the detected signal by successively processing in real time each sample of equal length of time sample of the signal by applying an algorithm. The algorithm is selected from at least one of a sequence of integrations of voltage values in the sample carried out in an interval of time in the order of milliseconds; FFT voltage data sample; and integral of the voltage data sample.
F16D 69/00 - Garnitures de friction; Leur fixation; Emploi pour travailler ensemble de matériaux ou de surfaces de friction spécifiées
F16D 65/08 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à action intérieure
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
G01L 5/22 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour la mesure de la force appliquée aux organes de commande, p.ex. organes de commande des véhicules, détentes
83.
BRAKE PAD WITH INTEGRATED THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTER FOR BRAKING SYSTEM
A braking pad (1) comprising a back plate (2), a pad of friction material (4), and at least a thermoelectric module (6), the back plate (2) being provided with at least a through hole (3) wherein at least the N and P doped semiconductor elements of the thermoelectric module (6) are integrated.
A braking pad (1) comprising a back plate (2), a pad of friction material (4), and at least a thermoelectric module (6), the back plate (2) being provided with at least a through hole (3) wherein at least the N and P doped semiconductor elements of the thermoelectric module (6) are integrated.
A method and system for powder coating non electrically conductive elements, preferably brake pads. A pre-treatment station is upstream of an electrostatic powder coating deposition station and a baking station for melting and polymerizing the powder coating in order to form a coating layer on a surface to be coated. The pre-treatment station causes the elements to be coated to conduct electrically by uniformly wetting said elements by means of creating poorly mineralized water covalent bonds on at least one surface to be coated, in an amount aimed at producing a measurable weight increase in the non electrically conductive elements, which then causes them to conduct electrically. The water adsorbed and/or deposited is subsequently eliminated within the baking station.
B05B 13/04 - Moyens pour supporter l'ouvrage; Disposition ou assemblage des têtes de pulvérisation; Adaptation ou disposition des moyens pour entraîner des pièces les têtes de pulvérisation étant déplacées au cours de l'opération
B05B 16/60 - Aménagements de ventilation spécialement adaptés à cet effet
B05B 14/30 - Aménagements pour collecter, réutiliser ou éliminer le matériau de pulvérisation excédentaire comprenant des enceintes proches de l'objet à pulvériser, ou en contact avec celui-ci, et entourant ou confinant le pulvérisat ou le jet évacué mais non l’objet à pulvériser
B05B 16/20 - Aménagements pour la pulvérisation en combinaison avec d’autres opérations, p.ex. séchage; Aménagements permettant une combinaison d’opérations de pulvérisation
B05B 5/16 - Dispositions pour l'alimentation en liquides ou en autres matériaux fluides
B05C 9/10 - Appareillages ou installations pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides aux surfaces par des moyens non prévus dans l'un des groupes , ou dans lesquels le moyen pour déposer le liquide ou autre matériau fluide n'est pas important pour appliquer un liquide ou autre matériau fluide et exécuter une opération auxiliaire l'opération auxiliaire étant exécutée avant l'application
B27K 3/15 - Imprégnation incluant une polymérisation
B05D 1/04 - Procédés pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides aux surfaces réalisés par pulvérisation comportant l'emploi d'un champ électrostatique
B05D 1/06 - Application de matériaux en particules
B05D 3/02 - Traitement préalable des surfaces sur lesquelles des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides doivent être appliqués; Traitement ultérieur des revêtements appliqués, p.ex. traitement intermédiaire d'un revêtement déjà appliqué, pour préparer les applications ultérieures de liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides par cuisson
B05C 19/00 - Appareillages spécialement adaptés pour appliquer des matériaux en particules à des surfaces
B05B 5/00 - Pulvérisation électrostatique; Dispositifs de pulvérisation comportant des moyens pour charger électriquement le pulvérisat; Pulvérisation de liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides par voies électriques
B05B 5/08 - Installations pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides à des objets
F16D 69/00 - Garnitures de friction; Leur fixation; Emploi pour travailler ensemble de matériaux ou de surfaces de friction spécifiées
B05D 3/00 - Traitement préalable des surfaces sur lesquelles des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides doivent être appliqués; Traitement ultérieur des revêtements appliqués, p.ex. traitement intermédiaire d'un revêtement déjà appliqué, pour préparer les applications ultérieures de liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides
86.
Friction material, in particular for the manufacturing of a brake pad, and associated preparation methods
An asbestos-free friction material having at least one of the group consisting of inorganic, organic and metallic fibers, at least one binder, at least one friction modifier or lubricant and at least a filler or abrasive, wherein the binder is almost completely and exclusively inorganic and is constituted almost exclusively by a hydrated geopolymer or a blend of hydrated geopolymers.
C04B 28/00 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates
C04B 111/00 - Fonction, propriétés ou utilisation des mortiers, du béton ou de la pierre artificielle
Various brake pads with thermoelectric energy harvesters are disclosed. In some embodiments, the brake pad comprising a backplate, a pad of friction material, and a TEG module. The backplate can comprise a through-hole in which elements of the TEG module are positioned.
F16D 61/00 - Freins permettant de restituer pour usage l'énergie absorbée
F16D 65/84 - Caractéristiques relatives au refroidissement pour freins à disques
H01L 35/30 - DISPOSITIFS À SEMI-CONDUCTEURS; DISPOSITIFS ÉLECTRIQUES À L'ÉTAT SOLIDE NON PRÉVUS AILLEURS - Détails fonctionnant exclusivement par effet Peltier ou effet Seebeck caractérisés par les moyens d'échange de chaleur à la jonction
H01L 35/34 - Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou au traitement de ces dispositifs ou de leurs parties constitutives
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
A method in which at least one piezoceramic sensor and an electric circuit to collect an electric signal emitted by the piezoceramic sensor when subjected to a mechanical stress and possibly processing it are made as an electrically insulated unit. The unit is equipped with at least a branching ending with respective electric contacts and having the connected at least one piezoelectric sensor. The electric circuit and the at least one sensor are mechanically fixed integral with a first surface of a supporting metal element of a brake pad. Branching is formed so as to position the at least one piezoelectric sensor at a predetermined point of the first surface.
F16D 69/00 - Garnitures de friction; Leur fixation; Emploi pour travailler ensemble de matériaux ou de surfaces de friction spécifiées
F16D 65/097 - Moyens élastiques interposés entre les patins et les organes de support
F16D 65/08 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à action intérieure
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 121/28 - Type de force d'actionnement de l'actionneur Électrique ou magnétique utilisant des éléments électrostrictifs ou magnétostrictifs, p.ex. éléments piézo-électriques
F16D 129/12 - Type de force d'actionnement des mécanismes auxiliaires Électrique ou magnétique Éléments électrostrictifs ou magnétostrictifs, p.ex. éléments piézo-électriques
89.
Metallic support for a braking element and associated brake pad
A metallic support of a brake pad delimited between a first and a second face, and having a perimeter edge substantially perpendicular to the first and second faces. The first face receives a block or layer of friction material, and the second face receives a dampening element. The first face has at least one projecting part extending cantilevered spaced apart from the perimeter edge so as to be completely embedded within the block or layer of friction material. The at least one projecting part is delimited at the top by a first surface upon which there is at least one first cavity filled with the block or layer of friction material. The second face has at least one second cavity forged as the at least one projecting part. At the at least one first cavity, there is at least one first relief shaped as the at least one first cavity.
Various machines, systems, and methods for generating calibration data for a sensorized brake pad are disclosed. In some embodiments, a system includes a fixture, a brake pad retainer, a pressure plate, an actuator and a controller. The actuator applies a pressure to the sensorized brake pad and signals from the pressure sensors are received. Calibration data is generated based on the signals received from the pressures sensors when the pressure is applied to the sensorized brake pad.
G07C 5/00 - Enregistrement ou indication du fonctionnement de véhicules
G01L 5/00 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
G07C 5/08 - Enregistrement ou indication de données de marche autres que le temps de circulation, de fonctionnement, d'arrêt ou d'attente, avec ou sans enregistrement des temps de circulation, de fonctionnement, d'arrêt ou d'attente
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
In the device (1) for automatic calibration of sensor-equipped brake pads comprising a friction material (26) and a support plate or backplate (12), there is provided a supporting base (2) for stabilising the device (1) during the operation thereof, at least one control panel (6) for managing the device (1), a pad retaining means, a mechanical stress means generating on the pad a normal force in combination with a shear force or a normal force in combination with a torque and configured so as to reproduce the typical forces acting upon the pad during real braking of a vehicle, sensors for detecting the normal force and shear force or sensors for detecting the normal force and the torque.
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
G01L 5/00 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
In the device (1) for automatic calibration of sensor-equipped brake pads comprising a friction material (26) and a support plate or backplate (12), there is provided a supporting base (2) for stabilising the device (1) during the operation thereof, at least one control panel (6) for managing the device (1), a pad retaining means, a mechanical stress means generating on the pad a normal force in combination with a shear force or a normal force in combination with a torque and configured so as to reproduce the typical forces acting upon the pad during real braking of a vehicle, sensors for detecting the normal force and shear force or sensors for detecting the normal force and the torque.
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
G01L 5/00 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques
A method in which at least one piezoceramic sensor, which converts every mechanical force to which it is subjected into an electrical signal and having a Curie temperature higher than 200° C., is solidarized directly onto the surface of a metal support element of a vehicle braking element, which during use faces a vehicle element to be braked. While in contact with such a surface, an electrical circuit is implemented that picks up and eventually processes the electrical signal, the electrical circuit being connected with a connector integrated with the metal support element. An electrically insulating layer sandwiches the at least one piezoceramic sensor and the electrical circuit, and a block of friction material with an underlying damping layer is formed upon the electrically insulating layer. After forming the block of friction material, the piezoceramic sensor is polarized by applying a predetermined potential difference thereto by means of the connector.
F16D 69/00 - Garnitures de friction; Leur fixation; Emploi pour travailler ensemble de matériaux ou de surfaces de friction spécifiées
F16D 65/08 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à action intérieure
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
G01L 5/22 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour la mesure de la force appliquée aux organes de commande, p.ex. organes de commande des véhicules, détentes
Various braking devices, systems, and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the braking device includes a support element, a block of friction material supported by the support element, at least one piezoceramic sensor supported by the support element and interposed between the block of friction material (and the support element, and a protective element located at the piezoceramic sensor and embedding the latter. The protective element can have one or more layers of resin-based material applied to protect the piezoceramic sensor and direct a predetermined part of the external compression force onto an area of the support element surrounding the piezoceramic sensor. In some embodiments, a signal transduction device is provided and includes at least one piezoceramic sensor supported on a support element and has an integral protective coating having properties of mechanical and temperature resistance.
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
G01L 1/16 - Mesure des forces ou des contraintes, en général en utilisant les propriétés des dispositifs piézo-électriques
G01L 5/28 - Appareils ou procédés pour la mesure des forces, du travail, de la puissance mécanique ou du couple, spécialement adaptés à des fins spécifiques pour le test des freins
95.
Method for the production of brake pads and associated brake pad
A method for the production of braking elements for vehicles, in particular brake pads, includes a die forming step by means of fine and/or traditional shearing of a metal support and a molding step upon the metal support of a block of friction material. The friction material is selected from the group of asbestos free materials, while the metal plate is made of an aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of aluminum alloys subjected to precipitation hardening (age-hardening alloys) and is made from the fine and/or traditional shearing of a metal sheet when the alloy is in a solubilized state. The alloy is not age hardened until a friction material baking step in order to gain the mechanical properties needed for its operation.
B29C 70/78 - Moulage de matière sur un seul côté de la partie préformée
C22F 1/04 - Modification de la structure physique des métaux ou alliages non ferreux par traitement thermique ou par travail à chaud ou à froid de l'aluminium ou de ses alliages
F16D 69/00 - Garnitures de friction; Leur fixation; Emploi pour travailler ensemble de matériaux ou de surfaces de friction spécifiées
A vehicle braking unit comprising a support designed to be positioned in use close to an element to be braked, braking elements which are carried in a movable way by the support, actuation elements which are carried by the support for pushing the braking elements against the element to be braked and first and second guide surfaces that are integral, respectively, to the braking elements and to the support, and that cooperate together to guide and support the braking elements when they are moved towards the element to be braked by the activation of the actuation elements; the first and/or the second guide surfaces are covered by a sliding coating consisting of a polymeric resin layer with solid lubricants and/or anti-friction materials being dispersed therein, that has been cured at a temperature greater than 300° C.
F16D 55/227 - Freins à surfaces de freinage substantiellement radiales pressées l'une contre l'autre dans une direction axiale, p.ex. freins à disques avec disques ou patins déplaçables selon l'axe pressés contre des organes en rotation situés dans l'axe par serrage entre des organes mobiles de freinage, p.ex. des disques ou des patins de freins mobiles avec un organe d'actionnement commun pour les organes de freinage les organes de freinage étant des patins de freins dans lesquels l'organe d'actionnement commun se déplace axialement le mouvement axial étant guidé par une ou par plusieurs tiges par deux tiges
F16D 55/22 - Freins à surfaces de freinage substantiellement radiales pressées l'une contre l'autre dans une direction axiale, p.ex. freins à disques avec disques ou patins déplaçables selon l'axe pressés contre des organes en rotation situés dans l'axe par serrage entre des organes mobiles de freinage, p.ex. des disques ou des patins de freins mobiles
F16D 65/097 - Moyens élastiques interposés entre les patins et les organes de support
C10N 30/06 - Onctuosité; Résistance du film; Anti-usure; Résistance aux pressions extrêmes
C10N 50/00 - Forme sous laquelle est appliqué le lubrifiant au matériau à lubrifier
B32B 27/08 - Produits stratifiés composés essentiellement de résine synthétique comme seul composant ou composant principal d'une couche adjacente à une autre couche d'une substance spécifique d'une résine synthétique d'une sorte différente
97.
Method and plant for the thermal treatment of friction elements, in particular brake pads
A method and plant for the thermal treatment of friction elements including a convective heating step which is performed within a convective tunnel oven. The friction elements are arranged laid, in an orderly manner, upon a plurality of trays each tray having a perforated resting plate upon which the friction elements are laid in a position next to one another only, but not overlapped. The trays are piled on top of each other whilst being kept distanced from one another in a stacking direction by an amount that is greater than the thickness of the friction elements. Groups of piled up trays containing the friction elements are arranged side by side on belt conveyor means that pass through the tunnel oven in order to transport the friction elements therethrough.
F27B 9/24 - Fours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p.ex. du type tunnel; Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité caractérisés par le procédé de déplacement de la charge pendant le traitement la charge se déplaçant sur un trajet sensiblement rectiligne sur un transporteur
F26B 15/18 - Machines ou appareils à mouvement progressif pour le séchage d'objets; Machines ou appareils à mouvement progressif, pour le séchage de lots d'un matériau de forme compacte avec un mouvement suivant une trajectoire composée d'une ou de plusieurs lignes droites, p.ex. combinée les lignes étant toutes horizontales ou légèrement inclinées les objets ou les lots de matériau étant portés par des courroies sans fin
F27D 5/00 - Supports, grilles ou appareillage analogue pour la charge à l'intérieur du four
F27B 9/36 - Aménagement des dispositifs de chauffage
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p.ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliers; Fours à cet effet
F16D 69/00 - Garnitures de friction; Leur fixation; Emploi pour travailler ensemble de matériaux ou de surfaces de friction spécifiées
F16D 65/092 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à engagement axial, p.ex. freins à disques
F27B 9/30 - Fours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p.ex. du type tunnel; Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité - Parties constitutives, accessoires ou équipement particuliers aux fours de ces types
98.
Friction material, in particular for the manufacturing of a brake pad, and associated preparation method
An asbestos-free friction material includes inorganic and/or organic and/or metallic fibers, at least one binder, at least one friction modifier or lubricant, at least one filler or abrasive and a carbonaceous material constituted by a microstructure. The microstructure is in the form of flakes or scales of micrometric planar dimensions and of nanometric thickness consisting of a substantially pure graphene mono- or multilayers, preferably pre-blended with at least part of the organic binder.
Various residual braking torque indication devices, systems, and methods are described. The devices, systems, and methods can include a sensorized brake pad. An output signal of the sensorized brake pad can be processed to provide an indication of a residual braking torque. The residual braking torque indicator can be calibrated to reference data to provide an actual measurement of the residual braking torque.
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freins; Dispositifs de signalisation
F16D 65/08 - Bandes, sabots ou patins; Pivots ou leurs organes de support pour freins à action intérieure
F16D 66/00 - Dispositions pour la surveillance des conditions de fonctionnement des freins, p.ex. de l'usure ou de la température
F16D 121/28 - Type de force d'actionnement de l'actionneur Électrique ou magnétique utilisant des éléments électrostrictifs ou magnétostrictifs, p.ex. éléments piézo-électriques
100.
METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR STUDYING AND ESTABLISHING THE PHISICO-CHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF STICTION BETWEEN A BRAKING ELEMENT AND AN ELEMENT TO BE BRAKED
Method wherein a first and a second mechanical element (4, 5) are attached respectively to a first and second support (7, 9), which are immersed in an electrolyte (21) together with a counter-electrode (19) and a reference electrode (20) in order to form an electrochemical cell (2) wherein the second mechanical element thereof is a working electrode being connected to an insulated electric wire (12) connected as well the counter-electrode to a potential/current generator (23); a first uncovered face (15) of the second element, for the remainder thereof incorporated within the second support, is pressed against the first element (4) and a potential being applied to the second element of at least one predetermined value and/or a predetermined electrical current is passed, detecting the electrical current that is transmitted through the electrolyte as a function of the potential applied and/or the potential that is established as a function of the predetermined current.
