This disclosure provides techniques for treatment of aqueous matrices using electrolysis to produce soluble metals. An aqueous matrix of interest is passed through an electrolysis device with at least one consumable electrode, which dissolves under applied current, transferring a desired reagent to the aqueous matrix of interest. In one embodiment, the electrolysis device is used in a water delivery network to passivate hexavalent chromium (Cr6) and/or convert it to trivalent chromium; the electrode can be made of food-grade metal tin, which is electrolyzed to form a stannous reagent, which then reacts with the Cr6. The disclosed techniques provide for Cr6 passivation without requiring the use of concentrated acids or other harmful substances. Long term reagent generation efficiency can be enhanced through the use of cleaning processes which maintain a fresh electrode surface in contact with the aqueous matrix of interest.
C02F 1/467 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse par désinfection électrochimique
C02F 1/461 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse
C02F 101/22 - Chrome ou composés du chrome, p. ex. chromates
2.
Treatment of aqueous matrices using electrolysis to produce soluble tin metal
This disclosure provides techniques for treatment of aqueous matrices using electrolysis to produce soluble metals. An aqueous matrix of interest is passed through an electrolysis device with at least one consumable electrode, which dissolves under applied current, transferring a desired reagent to the aqueous matrix of interest. In one embodiment, the electrolysis device is used in a water delivery network to passivate hexavalent chromium (Cr6) and/or convert it to trivalent chromium; the electrode can be made of food-grade metal tin, which is electrolyzed to form a stannous reagent, which then reacts with the Cr6. The disclosed techniques provide for Cr6 passivation without requiring the use of concentrated acids or other harmful substances. Long term reagent generation efficiency can be enhanced through the use of cleaning processes which maintain a fresh electrode surface in contact with the aqueous matrix of interest.
C02F 1/467 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse par désinfection électrochimique
C02F 1/461 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse
C02F 101/22 - Chrome ou composés du chrome, p. ex. chromates
3.
Techniques for forecasting and/or preventing degradation and corrosion
This disclosure provides techniques for detecting/inhibiting corrosion of in distribution/recirculation service lines and for using tin dioxide as a surfactant to coat at-risk piping surfaces. For example, disclosed techniques can be used to correlate corrosive conditions with fluid type, source and other environmental parameters, and to treat piping so as to insulate corroding areas. A stannous dosing system, and optionally, associated downstream filtration, can be used to efficiently deliver tin throughout piping surfaces at interest, and thereby facility local tin dioxide surfactant buildup to target thicknesses, at difficult to reach locations. In one embodiment, disclosed systems can be used to build a correlation database that can be used in the automated control of systems taught herein.
An in-situ measurement apparatus automatically draws aqueous samples on an intermittent or ad-hoc basis and measures specific metal specie concentration. The apparatus can perform both raw measurement of specific metal specie, as well as processing to convert other species of the same metal to the specific metal specie or to destroy or remove unwanted masking agents (e.g. organics). In one application, “dirty” water from a scrubber is measured for Se(IV) presence (using a renewable voltametric system), both with and without the masking agents present; in addition, selective processing converts other selenium species to Se(IV), permitting assessment of total selenium and measurement of Se(VI) presence. Automated reactions can then be taken to remove detected toxic substances from waste water without excess reliance on treatment chemicals, and so as to ensure that only water complaint with regulatory standards is released into the environment.
This disclosure provides techniques for treatment of aqueous matrices using electrolysis to produce soluble metals. An aqueous matrix of interest is passed through an electrolysis device with at least one consumable electrode, which dissolves under applied current, transferring a desired reagent to the aqueous matrix of interest. In one embodiment, the electrolysis device is used in a water delivery network to passivate hexavalent chromium (Cr6) and/or convert it to trivalent chromium; the electrode can be made of food-grade metal tin, which is electrolyzed to form a stannous reagent, which then reacts with the Cr6. The disclosed techniques provide for Cr6 passivation without requiring the use of concentrated acids or other harmful substances. Long term reagent generation efficiency can be enhanced through the use of cleaning processes which maintain a fresh electrode surface in contact with the aqueous matrix of interest.
C02F 5/00 - Adoucissement de l'eauPrévention de l'entartrageAddition à l'eau d'agents antitartre ou détartrants, p. ex. addition d'agents séquestrants
C02F 1/18 - Dispositifs portatifs pour obtenir de l'eau potable
C02F 1/467 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse par désinfection électrochimique
C02F 1/461 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse
C02F 101/22 - Chrome ou composés du chrome, p. ex. chromates
6.
Techniques for forecasting and/or preventing degradation and corrosion
This disclosure provides techniques for detecting and/or inhibiting corrosion of a distribution/recirculation network for a fluid, e.g., an aqueous matrix (liquid). For example, the disclosed techniques can be used to measure and/or predict degeneration of pipes, solder joints and various other plumbing fixtures in a water distribution network or heat transfer recirculation network caused as a function of variation in environmental parameters. In one embodiment, a system builds a database by measuring metal corrosion (e.g., from lead or copper pipe, solder joint or other type of plumbing vessel or fixture) and correlating degradation of a layer of protective scale and/or metal concentrations present with measured environmental parameters; later, as conditions vary, the database (or associated correlation weights/values) may be used to predict degradation of scale health and/or corrosion stemming from short and/or long term water conditions, and to effectuate advance mitigation.
G01N 17/00 - Recherche de la résistance des matériaux aux intempéries, à la corrosion ou à la lumière
C02F 1/00 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout
G05B 13/02 - Systèmes de commande adaptatifs, c.-à-d. systèmes se réglant eux-mêmes automatiquement pour obtenir un rendement optimal suivant un critère prédéterminé électriques
7.
TIN ELECTROLYSIS TO PROTECT PIPING AND MINIMIZE CORROSION
This disclosure provides techniques for detecting/inhibiting corrosion of in distribution/recirculation service lines and for using tin dioxide as a surfactant to coat at-risk piping surfaces. For example, disclosed techniques can be used to correlate corrosive conditions with fluid type, source and other environmental parameters, and to treat piping so as to insulate corroding areas. A stannous dosing system, and optionally, associated downstream filtration, can be used to efficiently deliver tin throughout piping surfaces at interest, and thereby facility local tin dioxide surfactant buildup to target thicknesses, at difficult to reach locations. In one embodiment, disclosed systems can be used to build a correlation database that can be used in the automated control of systems taught herein.
An in-situ measurement apparatus automatically draws aqueous samples on an intermittent or ad-hoc basis and measures specific metal specie concentration. The apparatus can perform both raw measurement of specific metal specie, as well as processing to convert other species of the same metal to the specific metal specie or to destroy or remove unwanted masking agents (e.g. organics). In one application, “dirty” water from a scrubber is measured for Se(IV) presence (using a renewable voltametric system), both with and without the masking agents present; in addition, selective processing converts other selenium species to Se(IV), permitting assessment of total selenium and measurement of Se(VI) presence. Automated reactions can then be taken to remove detected toxic substances from waste water without excess reliance on treatment chemicals, and so as to ensure that only water complaint with regulatory standards is released into the environment.
A real-time, on-line method and analytical system for determining halohydrocarbons in water which operate by (1) extracting on-line samples; (2) purging volatile halohydrocarbons from the water (e.g., with air or nitrogen); (3) carrying the purge gas containing the analytes of interest over a porous surface where the analytes are adsorbed; (4) recovering the analytes from the porous surface with heat (thermal desorption) or solvent (solvent elution) to drive the analytes into an organic chemical mixture; (5) generating an optical change (e.g., color change) in dependence upon a reaction involving the analytes and a pyridine derivative; and (6) measuring optical characteristics associated with the reaction to quantify the volatile halogenated hydrocarbon concentration.
G01N 21/78 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau est soumis à une réaction chimique, le progrès ou le résultat de la réaction étant analysé en observant l'effet sur un réactif chimique produisant un changement de couleur
This disclosure provides techniques for detecting and/or inhibiting corrosion of a distribution/recirculation network for a fluid, e.g., an aqueous matrix (liquid). For example, the disclosed techniques can be used to measure and/or predict degeneration of pipes, solder joints and various other plumbing fixtures in a water distribution network or heat transfer recirculation network caused as a function of variation in environmental parameters. In one embodiment, a system builds a database by measuring metal corrosion (e.g., from lead or copper pipe, solder joint or other type of plumbing vessel or fixture) and correlating degradation of a layer of protective scale and/or metal concentrations present with measured environmental parameters; later, as conditions vary, the database (or associated correlation weights/values) may be used to predict degradation of scale health and/or corrosion stemming from short and/or long term water conditions, and to effectuate advance mitigation.
G01N 15/06 - Recherche de la concentration des suspensions de particules
G01N 17/00 - Recherche de la résistance des matériaux aux intempéries, à la corrosion ou à la lumière
G01N 21/75 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau est soumis à une réaction chimique, le progrès ou le résultat de la réaction étant analysé
G05B 13/04 - Systèmes de commande adaptatifs, c.-à-d. systèmes se réglant eux-mêmes automatiquement pour obtenir un rendement optimal suivant un critère prédéterminé électriques impliquant l'usage de modèles ou de simulateurs
G05D 21/02 - Commande des variables chimiques ou physico-chimiques, p. ex. de la valeur du pH caractérisée par l'utilisation de moyens électriques
G06N 3/10 - Interfaces, langages de programmation ou boîtes à outils de développement logiciel, p. ex. pour la simulation de réseaux neuronaux
11.
Treatment of aqueous matrices using electrolysis to produce soluble tin metal
This disclosure provides techniques for treatment of aqueous matrices using electrolysis to produce soluble metals. An aqueous matrix of interest is passed through an electrolysis device with at least one consumable electrode, which dissolves under applied current, transferring a desired reagent to the aqueous matrix of interest. In one embodiment, the electrolysis device is used in a water delivery network to passivate hexavalent chromium (Cr6) and/or convert it to trivalent chromium; the electrode can be made of food-grade metal tin, which is electrolyzed to form a stannous reagent, which then reacts with the Cr6. The disclosed techniques provide for Cr6 passivation without requiring the use of concentrated acids or other harmful substances. Long term reagent generation efficiency can be enhanced through the use of cleaning processes which maintain a fresh electrode surface in contact with the aqueous matrix of interest.
C02F 1/46 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques
C02F 1/467 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse par désinfection électrochimique
C02F 1/461 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse
C02F 101/22 - Chrome ou composés du chrome, p. ex. chromates
12.
Techniques for toxic metal detection and speciation in aqueous matrices
An in-situ measurement apparatus automatically draws aqueous samples on an intermittent or ad-hoc basis and measures specific metal specie concentration. The apparatus can perform both raw measurement of specific metal specie, as well as processing to convert other species of the same metal to the specific metal specie or to destroy or remove unwanted masking agents (e.g. organics). In one application, “dirty” water from a scrubber is measured for Se(IV) presence (using a renewable voltametric system), both with and without the masking agents present; in addition, selective processing converts other selenium species to Se(IV), permitting assessment of total selenium and measurement of Se(VI) presence. Automated reactions can then be taken to remove detected toxic substances from waste water without excess reliance on treatment chemicals, and so as to ensure that only water complaint with regulatory standards is released into the environment.
This disclosure provides techniques for extending useful life of a reference electrode, as well as a novel voltametric system and measurement cell design and related chemistries. An automated, repeatable-use system features a reference electrode that directly immerses a metallic conductor into an analyte, with electrolytes (e.g., chlorides) used for measurement being separately added and removed for each measurement cycles; the metallic conductor can optionally be left exposed to clean dry air in between measurements. In one implementation, the system can be restricted to application with specific analytes (e.g., ground water) that are known in advance to be free of substances that could degrade reference electrode use or lifetime. Cleaning solutions can optionally be used that would not be practical with conventional (insulated) reference electrode designs. In another embodiment, a measurement cell can be configured to receive separated electrode modules, permitting independent cleaning/removal of the working electrode (or other electrodes).
G01N 27/403 - Ensembles de cellules et d'électrodes
G01N 27/30 - Électrodes, p. ex. électrodes pour testsDemi-cellules
G01N 35/00 - Analyse automatique non limitée à des procédés ou à des matériaux spécifiés dans un seul des groupes Manipulation de matériaux à cet effet
A real-time, on-line method and analytical system for determining halohydrocarbons in water which operate by (1) extracting on-line samples; (2) purging volatile halohydrocarbons from the water (e.g., with air or nitrogen); (3) carrying the purge gas containing the analytes of interest over a porous surface where the analytes are adsorbed; (4) recovering the analytes from the porous surface with heat (thermal desorption) or solvent (solvent elution) to drive the analytes into an organic chemical mixture; (5) generating an optical change (e.g., color change) in dependence upon a reaction involving the analytes and a pyridine derivative; and (6) measuring optical characteristics associated with the reaction to quantify the volatile halogenated hydrocarbon concentration.
G01N 21/78 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau est soumis à une réaction chimique, le progrès ou le résultat de la réaction étant analysé en observant l'effet sur un réactif chimique produisant un changement de couleur
Formation potential for disinfection by-products (DBPs) is determined in-situ using one or more automated sample extraction and measurement mechanisms. In one embodiment, such an in-situ mechanism is used to take periodic water samples and measure trihalomethane (THM) concentration in near real-time (i.e., less than two hours), using a measurement process based on modified Fujiwara chemistry. During the extraction and measurement process, water samples can be heated according to a specific temperature/time profile in order to artificially accelerate age of the water sample, so as to cause DBPs to form prematurely. A water monitoring network can monitor detected DBP levels and take automated response actions according to predefined computer policies or rules.
G01N 35/00 - Analyse automatique non limitée à des procédés ou à des matériaux spécifiés dans un seul des groupes Manipulation de matériaux à cet effet
G01N 35/10 - Dispositifs pour transférer les échantillons vers, dans ou à partir de l'appareil d'analyse, p. ex. dispositifs d'aspiration, dispositifs d'injection
16.
TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS MATRICES USING ELECTROLYSIS TO PRODUCE SOLUBLE TIN METAL
This disclosure provides techniques for treatment of aqueous matrices using electrolysis to produce soluble metals. An aqueous matrix of interest is passed through an electrolysis device with at least one consumable electrode, which dissolves under applied current, transferring a desired reagent to the aqueous matrix of interest. In one embodiment, the electrolysis device is used in a water delivery network to passivate hexavalent chromium (Cr6) and/or convert it to trivalent chromium; the electrode can be made of food-grade metal tin, which is electrolyzed to form a stannous reagent, which then reacts with the Cr6. The disclosed techniques provide for Cr6 passivation without requiring the use of concentrated acids or other harmful substances. Long term reagent generation efficiency can be enhanced through the use of cleaning processes which maintain a fresh electrode surface in contact with the aqueous matrix of interest.
B23H 3/00 - Usinage électrochimique, c.-à-d. enlèvement de métal par passage de courant entre une électrode et une pièce en présence d'un électrolyte
B23H 3/10 - Alimentation en milieu d'usinage ou régénération de celui-ci
C25C 1/10 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux du groupe du fer, de métaux réfractaires ou du manganèse du chrome ou du manganèse
C25D 3/30 - Dépôt électrochimiqueBains utilisés à partir de solutions d'étain
This disclosure provides a voltammetric measurement system predicated on a mercury electrode. To minimize mercury consumption and/or disposal, the disclosed system includes a recirculatory system and mechanisms for cleaning mercury that permit mercury to be reclaimed, purified and reused on a nearly indefinite basis. Optional embodiments provide a modular design including a specially designed measurement cell, and for an automated control system to facilitate these ends.
An in-situ measurement apparatus automatically draws aqueous samples on an intermittent or ad-hoc basis and measures specific metal specie concentration. The apparatus can perform both raw measurement of specific metal specie, as well as processing to convert other species of the same metal to the specific metal specie or to destroy or remove unwanted masking agents (e.g. organics). In one application, "dirty" water from a scrubber is measured for Se(IV) presence (using a renewable voltametric system), both with and without the masking agents present; in addition, selective processing converts other selenium species to Se(IV), permitting assessment of total selenium and measurement of Se(VI) presence. Automated reactions can then be taken to remove detected toxic substances from waste water without excess reliance on treatment chemicals, and so as to ensure that only water complaint with regulatory standards is released into the environment.
G01N 21/77 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau est soumis à une réaction chimique, le progrès ou le résultat de la réaction étant analysé en observant l'effet sur un réactif chimique
Formation potential for disinfection by-products (DBPs) is determined in-situ using one or more automated sample extraction and measurement mechanisms. In one embodiment, such an in-situ mechanism is used to take periodic water samples and measure trihalomethane (THM) concentration in near real-time (i.e., less than two hours), using a measurement process based on modified Fujiwara chemistry. During the extraction and measurement process, water samples can be heated according to a specific temperature/time profile in order to artificially accelerate age of the water sample, so as to cause DBPs to form prematurely. A water monitoring network can monitor detected DBP levels and take automated response actions according to predefined computer policies or rules.
This disclosure provides a voltametric measurement system predicated on a mercury electrode. To minimize mercury consumption and/or disposal, the disclosed system includes a recirculatory system and mechanisms for cleaning mercury that permit mercury to be reclaimed, purified and reused on a nearly indefinite basis. Optional embodiments provide a modular design including a specially designed measurement cell, and for an automated control system to facilitate these ends.
A real-time, on-line method and analytical system for determining halohydrocarbons in water which operate by (1) extracting on-line samples; (2) purging volatile halohydrocarbons from the water (e.g., with air or nitrogen); (3) carrying the purge gas containing the analytes of interest over a porous surface where the analytes are adsorbed; (4) recovering the analytes from the porous surface with heat (thermal desorption) or solvent (solvent elution) to drive the analytes into an organic chemical mixture; (5) generating an optical change (e.g., color change) in dependence upon a reaction involving the analytes and a pyridine derivative; and (6) measuring optical characteristics associated with the reaction to quantify the volatile halogenated hydrocarbon concentration.
G01N 21/78 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau est soumis à une réaction chimique, le progrès ou le résultat de la réaction étant analysé en observant l'effet sur un réactif chimique produisant un changement de couleur
G01N 21/77 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau est soumis à une réaction chimique, le progrès ou le résultat de la réaction étant analysé en observant l'effet sur un réactif chimique
22.
Methods and apparatus for determination of halohydrocarbons
A real-time, on-line method and analytical system for determining halohydrocarbons in water which operate by (1) extracting on-line samples; (2) purging volatile halohydrocarbons from the water (e.g., with air or nitrogen); (3) carrying the purge gas containing the analytes of interest over a porous surface where the analytes are adsorbed; (4) recovering the analytes from the porous surface with heat (thermal desorption) or solvent (solvent elution) to drive the analytes into an organic chemical mixture; (5) generating an optical change (e.g., color change) in dependence upon a reaction involving the analytes and a pyridine derivative; and (6) measuring optical characteristics associated with the reaction to quantify the volatile halogenated hydrocarbon concentration.
G01N 33/00 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par des méthodes spécifiques non couvertes par les groupes
G01N 21/75 - Systèmes dans lesquels le matériau est soumis à une réaction chimique, le progrès ou le résultat de la réaction étant analysé
G01N 21/00 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'utilisation de moyens optiques, c.-à-d. en utilisant des ondes submillimétriques, de la lumière infrarouge, visible ou ultraviolette
23.
Voltammetric device having sample degassing system
Methods for cleaning and regenerating a working electrode in an electrochemical cell; method for measuring the concentration of a metal in a liquid sample in an electrochemical cell having a working electrode, the method including a step for cleaning and/or regenerating the electrode; and an assembly having an ultrasonic device in sonic communication with an electrochemical cell.
brevets
