Examples provide internally reconfigurable bias tees for a vector network analyzer. The bias tees can have component sizes that can be electronically switched during device testing. To reduce test time when multiple tests are conducted, examples can further provide for automatic tuning of one or more components of a bias tee, where the one or more components are tuned for the test being performed.
Frequency synthesizers having reduced phase noise and a small step size. One example can provide frequency synthesizers having low phase noise by eliminating dividers in a feedback path and instead employing frequency converters, such as mixers. Step size can be further reduced by providing frequency converters in a reference signal feedforward path. Acquisition time can be decreased by employing a fast-acquisition phase-locked loop that is switched out after acquisition in favor of a low phase-noise phase-locked loop. Another example can reduce phase noise by employing a YIG oscillator. To improve acquisition time, a first, faster phase-locked loop can be used to lock to a signal before switching to a second, slower phase-locked loop that includes the YIG oscillator. Another example can provide low noise by including phase-locked loops that operate in a frequency range having low thermal noise while a frequency of an output signal varies over a wide range.
H03L 7/185 - Synthèse de fréquence indirecte, c.-à-d. production d'une fréquence désirée parmi un certain nombre de fréquences prédéterminées en utilisant une boucle verrouillée en fréquence ou en phase en utilisant un diviseur de fréquence ou un compteur dans la boucle une différence de temps étant utilisée pour verrouiller la boucle, le compteur entre des nombres fixes ou le diviseur de fréquence divisant par un nombre fixe utilisant un mélangeur dans la boucle
H03B 5/18 - Élément déterminant la fréquence comportant inductance et capacité réparties
H03L 7/087 - Détails de la boucle verrouillée en phase concernant principalement l'agencement de détection de phase ou de fréquence, y compris le filtrage ou l'amplification de son signal de sortie utilisant au moins deux détecteurs de phase ou un détecteur de fréquence et de phase dans la boucle
H03L 7/099 - Détails de la boucle verrouillée en phase concernant principalement l'oscillateur commandé de la boucle
Circuits, methods, and apparatus that can provide oscillator circuits that have reduced phase noise. An example can provide a yttrium-iron-garnet oscillator in a loop with a loop amplifier and a phase-shift circuit. The yttrium-iron-garnet oscillator can act as a resonator. Quadrature outputs of the yttrium-iron-garnet oscillator can drive a phase detector that can provide a control signal to the phase-shift circuit. The phase-shift circuit can then reduce or cancel phase noise in the loop, thereby enabling the loop to provide a reference signal having reduced phase noise.
Circuits, methods, and apparatus that can sort and prioritize anomalies and errors in a wireless communication system. An example can collect transaction data over a network for a first duration. A detection analysis using a detection algorithm can be run on the collected data to detect a number of events. Parameters can be provided and used to generate a trend moving average and a long-term moving average based on the number of detected events determined by the detection algorithm. For each of a number of sets of parameters, a trend moving average can be compared to a long-term moving average. Cases where the trend moving average exceeds the long-term moving average can be identified. For each identified case, a determination as to whether the case is long enough to be used can be made, and a severity score can be determined for each used case. The used cases can then be classified into several severity levels based on their severity scores. This information can then be provided to a user, or further processed and provided to a user. This information can be provided in graphical, tabular, or other format or combination of formats.
H04L 41/0604 - Gestion des fautes, des événements, des alarmes ou des notifications en utilisant du filtrage, p. ex. la réduction de l’information en utilisant la priorité, les types d’éléments, la position ou le temps
H04L 41/22 - Dispositions pour la maintenance, l’administration ou la gestion des réseaux de commutation de données, p. ex. des réseaux de commutation de paquets comprenant des interfaces utilisateur graphiques spécialement adaptées [GUI]
Circuits, methods, and apparatus that can provide in-phase and quadrature LO signals having an accurate phase relationship and matching amplitudes. An example can provide a quadrature modulator having phase-correction circuitry and amplitude-correction circuitry. The quadrature modulator can include a quadrature hybrid to receive an LO signal from a phase-locked loop or other clock source. The quadrature hybrid can provide in-phase and quadrature LO signals to phase-correction circuitry, which can accurately align a difference in the phase of the in-phase and quadrature signals to 90 degrees. The amplitudes of the resulting signals can be adjusted to have a desired amplitude using amplitude-correction circuitry. The amplitude-and-phase-corrected LO signals can be used to modulate in-phase and quadrature components of a baseband signal. The modulated products can be combined, gained, and filtered as necessary for wireless transmission, device testing, or other purpose.
Circuits, methods, and apparatus that can reduce or suppress phase noise in a frequency synthesizer. A phase-noise-suppression system can detect phase noise in an input signal, amplify the detected phase noise, subtract the detected phase noise from the input signal, and provide an output signal having reduced phase noise.
H03L 7/093 - Détails de la boucle verrouillée en phase concernant principalement l'agencement de détection de phase ou de fréquence, y compris le filtrage ou l'amplification de son signal de sortie utilisant des caractéristiques de filtrage ou d'amplification particulières dans la boucle
H03L 7/099 - Détails de la boucle verrouillée en phase concernant principalement l'oscillateur commandé de la boucle
7.
Remote multiport modular vector analyzer system and method of use
Systems and methods for incorporating multiple single-port vector network analyzer modules where the modules can be located at significant distances from each other. Systems and methods are provided for synchronizing source signals with remote receivers, calibration, operation, bandwidth reduction, high isolation, and reliable solar power or remote sites whereby the VNA module s may be used for characterization of a DUT as if they were incorporated into a single vector network analyzer chassis with access to a common clock.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
G01R 35/00 - Test ou étalonnage des appareils couverts par les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
RF receivers having self-tuning capabilities. An example can provide self-tuning by detecting a first envelope of a first demodulated output signal and a second envelope of a second demodulated output signal. A difference between the detected envelopes can be filtered to generate a control signal. The control signal can be applied to a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator. In-phase and quadrature outputs of the voltage-controlled crystal oscillator can be used to demodulate a received signal to demodulate in-phase and quadrature signals. Loop gain dependency on input signal amplitude can be reduced by using logarithmic amplifiers after the envelope detectors, or by replacing the envelope detectors and logarithmic amplifiers with demodulating logarithmic amplifiers.
H04B 1/10 - Dispositifs associés au récepteur pour limiter ou supprimer le bruit et les interférences
H04B 1/00 - Détails des systèmes de transmission, non couverts par l'un des groupes Détails des systèmes de transmission non caractérisés par le milieu utilisé pour la transmission
9.
System and method for connecting vector network analyzer modules
Systems and methods for configuring and interconnecting VNA modules in daisy chains or via hubs are disclosed which overcome the constraints on the arrangement of the VNA modules in a system and the limitations on the flexibility and performance of the system present in the prior art. The VNA modules have ports which can be configured as input or output ports. In embodiments, configurable optical ports allow for long distance interconnection of VNA modules and hubs without loss of synchronization.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
H04L 12/44 - Réseaux en étoile ou réseaux arborescents
Improved coaxial connectors and methods which have enhanced characteristics, reliability, strength, and durability. This coaxial connector system uses a flange mating system and a single slot male pin center conductor contact. The flanges use precision guiding pins and screws to axially align and secure the mating flanges together. The coaxial center conductors are electrically connected to each other by a resilient, single slotted, formed male pin and a female receptacle as center conductor assemblies. When the two flanges are fastened together, the center conductor assemblies (formed male pin and a female receptacle) mate to form an electrically conducting connection.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
H01R 13/631 - Moyens additionnels pour faciliter l'engagement ou la séparation des pièces de couplage, p. ex. moyens pour aligner ou guider, leviers, pression de gaz pour l'engagement uniquement
H01R 24/54 - Pièces intermédiaires, p. ex. adaptateurs, répartiteurs ou coudes
Systems and methods for calibrating VNA modules which dynamically assigns match utilization to improve overall calibration accuracy and reduce problems from a non-optimal set of calibration components and simplify user input requirements during calibration.
A method for measuring electrical response of a DUT includes using a measurement instrument, generating a radio frequency (RF) test signal via the measurement instrument at one or more initial frequencies, propagating the RF test signal at the one or more initial frequencies to the DUT, measuring a response of the DUT at the one or more initial frequencies and aggregating the measured response of the DUT at the one or more initial frequencies as response measurement data. The method then includes iteratively performing, until characterization of the DUT achieves a minimum criterion, the steps of adaptively selecting an additional frequency at which to generate a RF test signal based on the response measurement data based on a predetermined adaptive frequency algorithm, generating the RF test signal at the adaptively selected additional frequency, measuring a response of the DUT at the adaptively selected additional frequency, and adding the measured response of the DUT at the adaptively selected additional frequency to the response measurement data.
Frequency synthesizers having reduced phase noise and a small step size. One example can provide frequency synthesizers having low phase noise by eliminating dividers in a feedback path and instead employing frequency converters, such as mixers. Step size can be further reduced by providing frequency converters in a reference signal feedforward path. Acquisition time can be decreased by employing a fast-acquisition phase-locked loop that is switched out after acquisition in favor of a low phase-noise phase-locked loop. Another example can reduce phase noise by employing a YIG oscillator. To improve acquisition time, a first, faster phase-locked loop can be used to lock to a signal before switching to a second, slower phase-locked loop that includes the YIG oscillator. Another example can provide low noise by including phase-locked loops that operate in a frequency range having low thermal noise while a frequency of an output signal varies over a wide range.
H03L 7/185 - Synthèse de fréquence indirecte, c.-à-d. production d'une fréquence désirée parmi un certain nombre de fréquences prédéterminées en utilisant une boucle verrouillée en fréquence ou en phase en utilisant un diviseur de fréquence ou un compteur dans la boucle une différence de temps étant utilisée pour verrouiller la boucle, le compteur entre des nombres fixes ou le diviseur de fréquence divisant par un nombre fixe utilisant un mélangeur dans la boucle
H03L 7/087 - Détails de la boucle verrouillée en phase concernant principalement l'agencement de détection de phase ou de fréquence, y compris le filtrage ou l'amplification de son signal de sortie utilisant au moins deux détecteurs de phase ou un détecteur de fréquence et de phase dans la boucle
H03L 7/099 - Détails de la boucle verrouillée en phase concernant principalement l'oscillateur commandé de la boucle
H03B 5/18 - Élément déterminant la fréquence comportant inductance et capacité réparties
14.
Method and systems for making improved quasi-linear/nonlinear measurements on integrated antenna arrays and elements
A system and method for making improved measurements of integrated antenna arrays utilizes vector network analyzer (VNA) and a calibrated receive-side system comprising two antennae, dual reflectometers coupled to the two antennae for match correction, a wide band intermediate frequency (IF) strip which connects the receive-side system to the input ports of the VNA, an air gap which separates the receive-side system form the DUT, and a stepmotion baffle configure to be inserted into the air gap to modify antenna coupling. The system and method enable measurement of noise characteristics of the DUT including nonlinear effects of transmitter element coupling between the plurality of transmitter elements within an antenna array.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
A coaxial connector system is provided suitable for connection of high-frequency components such as high-band test modules and probes. The coaxial connector system uses a flange mating element aligned using precession guiding pins. A center conductor assembly is captive in a center bore of the flange and includes elastomer contacts which are compressed against the coaxial center conductors of the high=frequency components. The flange mount coaxial connector system provides a robust, mechanically stable mount which minimizes electrical performance changes with mechanical torque as compared to screw on connectors.
H01R 13/631 - Moyens additionnels pour faciliter l'engagement ou la séparation des pièces de couplage, p. ex. moyens pour aligner ou guider, leviers, pression de gaz pour l'engagement uniquement
H01R 31/06 - Pièces intermédiaires pour joindre deux pièces de couplage, p. ex. adaptateur
H01P 5/02 - Dispositifs de couplage du type guide d'ondes à coefficient de couplage invariable
H01R 13/03 - Contacts caractérisés par le matériau, p. ex. matériaux de plaquage ou de revêtement
H01R 13/646 - Détails de dispositifs de couplage des types couverts par les groupes ou spécialement adaptés à la haute fréquence, p. ex. structures procurant une adaptation d'impédance ou un accord de phase
H01R 13/639 - Moyens additionnels pour maintenir ou verrouiller les pièces de couplage entre elles après l'engagement
H01R 24/54 - Pièces intermédiaires, p. ex. adaptateurs, répartiteurs ou coudes
H01R 24/52 - Dispositifs de couplage en deux pièces, ou l'une des pièces qui coopèrent dans ces dispositifs, caractérisés par leur structure générale ayant des contacts disposés concentriquement ou coaxialement spécialement adaptés à la haute fréquence montés dans ou sur un panneau ou une structure
H01R 13/24 - Contacts pour coopération par aboutage élastiquesContacts pour coopération par aboutage montés élastiquement
H01R 24/40 - Dispositifs de couplage en deux pièces, ou l'une des pièces qui coopèrent dans ces dispositifs, caractérisés par leur structure générale ayant des contacts disposés concentriquement ou coaxialement spécialement adaptés à la haute fréquence
16.
Method for differential/common-mode noise figure measurements
A system for measuring noise characteristics of a device under test (DUT) includes one or more computers and memory, a first receiver connected to a first port of the DUT, a second receiver connected to a second port of the DUT, the second receiver being synchronized with the first receiver and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions thereon that when read and executed by the one or more computers causes the system to transmit signals to the DUT, receive signals from the DUT, and characterize noise associated with the DUT within the received signals.
A system for measuring an electrical response of a device under test (DUT) includes a reflectometer with reduced heat dissipation used with a vector network analyzer (VNA). The reflectometer is tethered to the VNA using a tether of scalable length which carries low frequencies. The reflectometer has a distributed harmonic generator including a non-linear transmission line (NLTL) for multiplying a frequency of an RF signal received from the VNA to generate a test signal having a frequency in the millimeter wave range at a test port connected to the DUT. A sampler in the reflectometer receives a local oscillator (LO) signal from the VNA and includes another NLTL for receiving the LO signal and generating pulses at a frequency in the millimeter wave range. When the test signal is transmitted to the DUT, the sampler outputs intermediate frequency signals which are transmitted to the VNA for characterization of the DUT.
A spectrum analyzer for measuring an electrical response of a device under test (DUT) includes a test port for receiving radio frequency (RF) signals from the DUT in response to a test signal transmitted to the DUT, a local oscillator (LO) for generating a LO signal, a sampler connected with the LO to receive the LO signal and a receiver connected with the sampler. The sampler includes a non-linear transmission line that generates a sampler signal having a frequency that is a multiple of a frequency of the LO signal, and an input for receiving a RF signal from the test port. When a RF signal from an RF input source is received the sampler outputs an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The receiver receives the IF signal output of the sampler.
A method of network extraction based on phase localization using a test setup including a standard includes measuring frequency data using a measuring instrument connected with the test setup by performing a frequency sweep across an identified bandwidth, correlating filter functions as required against the measured frequency domain data to localize phase across the test setup, removing excess phase rotation and solving for inner plane match of the test setup based on known composite measurement and previously identified components of the test setup.
A system includes a plurality of mobile monitor setups, each mobile monitor setup connected with a vehicle. Each mobile monitor setup includes an omnidirectional antenna, a global positioning system (GPS) signal antenna configured to receive GPS signals and a receiver configured to obtain a plurality of radio frequency (RF) measurements. The plurality of RF measurements are swept across one or more frequency bands and each RF measurement is time stamped and location stamped based on received GPS signals.
A method for detecting objects comprising radiation-absorbent material includes transmitting signals of two different frequencies to a target location and receiving an intermodulation product from the target location. The signals are transmitted via separate antennas connected with respective transmitters. The intermodulation product is received by a receiving antenna connected with a receiver and arranged to receive the intermodulation product reradiated from the target location. The intermodulation product comprises a harmonic of the two signals.
G01S 13/30 - Systèmes pour mesurer la distance uniquement utilisant la transmission de trains discontinus d'ondes modulées par impulsions utilisant plus d'une impulsion par période radar
G01S 13/10 - Systèmes pour mesurer la distance uniquement utilisant la transmission de trains discontinus d'ondes modulées par impulsions
G01S 13/04 - Systèmes déterminant la présence d'une cible
G01S 7/41 - Détails des systèmes correspondant aux groupes , , de systèmes selon le groupe utilisant l'analyse du signal d'écho pour la caractérisation de la cibleSignature de cibleSurface équivalente de cible
22.
Nonlinear transmission line-based harmonic phase standard
A harmonic phase standard includes an input connectable with a radio frequency (RF) signal source for receiving an RF signal, an output, a signal path extending between the input and the output for propagating the RF signal from the input to the output, and a logic gate, an amplifier and a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) arranged along the signal path. The logic gate receives the RF signal and outputs a waveform having sharpened edges relative to the RF signal. The amplifier amplifies the waveform output by the logic gate. The NLTL receives the amplified waveform from the amplifier and is biased to shape the amplified waveform so as to add harmonic content to the amplified waveform.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
A measuring instrument for detecting a source of passive intermodulation (PIM) includes a first signal source, a second source and a receiver. The first and second signal sources are each connected with separate transmit antenna to transmit a first and second signal, respectively. The first transmit antenna and the second transmit antenna are arranged in a fixed relationship relative to each other such that the first signal and the second signal are combinable to generate a PIM signal at a PIM. The receiver is connected with a receive antenna and arranged in a fixed relationship relative to the first transmit antenna and the second transmit antenna to receive the PIM signal reradiated from the PIM source. The receiver is configured to receive the PIM signal and indicate detection of the PIM source in response to receiving the PIM signal.
H04B 10/077 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant un signal de surveillance ou un signal supplémentaire
A method of estimating a location of an interference signal source includes using a first antenna configured to receive a signal from the interference signal source and using a second antenna arranged proximate to the first antenna and configured to receive global positioning system (GPS) signals. An initial trend in variation in power of a received signal from the interference signal source is determined relative to a position of the second antenna, wherein upon determining the initial trend, the initial trend is a current trend. In an iterative manner, the second antenna is directed to be repositioned. A secondary area associated with a lack of power measurement outside of an area traveled is identified and a further repositioning of the second antenna is determined to reduce the secondary area. An estimate of the location of the interference signal source is then determined.
H04B 17/27 - SurveillanceTests de récepteurs pour localiser ou positionner l’émetteur
G01S 19/46 - Détermination de position en combinant les mesures des signaux provenant du système de positionnement satellitaire à radiophares avec une mesure supplémentaire la mesure supplémentaire étant du type signal d'onde radioélectrique
A method for marking relevant data within an acquired set of data in accordance with an embodiment includes receiving a location of a first synchronization event within a synchronizing time pulse synchronized with the acquired set of data, searching the synchronizing time pulse within a predetermined window for the first synchronization event based on the location, identifying the first synchronization event based on the search, and obtaining data from the acquired set of data within an offset range determined based on the identified first synchronization event. The steps are then iteratively repeated for a number of periods.
G01R 13/02 - Dispositions pour la présentation de variables électriques ou de formes d'ondes pour la présentation sous forme numérique des variables électriques mesurées
G11B 27/30 - IndexationAdressageMinutage ou synchronisationMesure de l'avancement d'une bande en utilisant une information détectable sur le support d'enregistrement en utilisant des signaux d'information enregistrés par le même procédé que pour l'enregistrement principal sur la même piste que l'enregistrement principal
G11B 20/18 - Détection ou correction d'erreursTests
26.
Frequency-scalable NLTL-based mm-wave vector signal de-modulator
An in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) demodulator includes an input for receiving a signal, a reference frequency source, and a sampler connected with the input. The sampler includes a sampler strobe connected with the reference frequency source, and a non-linear transmission line (NLTL) connected with the sampler strobe. The NLTL receives a strobe signal generated by the sampler strobe and multiplies a frequency of the strobe signal to generate a sampler signal. When the sampler receives a signal from the input, the sampler is configured to generate and output an intermediate frequency (IF) signal using the sampler signal. A splitter of the demodulator separates the IF signal into an in-phase (I) component and a quadrature (Q) component. Mixers receive the I and Q components and generate I and Q output signals shifted 90° in phase.
H04L 27/152 - Circuits de démodulationCircuits récepteurs avec démodulation utilisant les propriétés spectrales du signal reçu, p. ex. en utilisant des éléments sélectifs de la fréquence ou sensibles à la fréquence utilisant des oscillateurs commandés, p. ex. dispositions PLL
H04L 27/16 - Dispositifs de régulation de fréquence
H03D 3/00 - Démodulation d'oscillations modulées en angle
H04L 27/227 - Circuits de démodulationCircuits récepteurs utilisant une démodulation cohérente
G01R 19/25 - Dispositions pour procéder aux mesures de courant ou de tension ou pour en indiquer l'existence ou le signe utilisant une méthode de mesure numérique
G01R 31/28 - Test de circuits électroniques, p. ex. à l'aide d'un traceur de signaux
G01R 1/24 - Sections de mesure, p. ex. section fendue, de ligne de transmission, p. ex. du type guide d'onde
27.
Calibration device for use with measurement instruments
A calibration device adapted to be used with a measurement instrument includes a controller, two or more ports, two or more power measurement circuits each connectable with one of the two or more ports, and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium accessible to the controller within which characterization data related to the two or more ports is storable. The calibration device is adapted to be connected with the measurement instrument via a data bus to transmit data and receive commands between the controller and the measurement instrument. The two or more ports are adapted to be interchangeably connectable with ports of the measurement instrument. When the ports of the measurement instrument are connected with the two or more ports of the calibration device and a signal is transmitted by the measurement instrument to the calibration device, a connection configuration between the measurement instrument and the calibration device can be determined based on a detection of power at the two or more power measurement circuits.
A measuring instrument for detecting a source of passive intermodulation (PIM) includes a signal source, a reference signal source, and a first transmitter module and a second transmitter module each configured to receive a signal from the signal source and a reference signal from the reference signal source and generate a tone at a first frequency and a second frequency, respectively. The measuring instrument further includes a receiver and a receiver module configured to receive the signal from the signal source and a harmonic of the test signal generated by a source of PIM to generate a sample signal at the fixed frequency of the reference signal. The receiver is configured to determine a shift in phase between the reference signal and the sample signal. The receiver determines an estimate of distance to the source of PIM using determinations of the shift in phase as the signal source is swept.
A system for obtaining measurements for a device under test (DUT) includes a vector network analyzer including a storage medium and a controller for controlling a sweep and a trigger driver configured to provide a synchronization signal to the DUT and the controller to synchronize internal signal components of the vector network analyzer including signal sources, local oscillators (LOs) and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) clock. A signal is received by the vector network analyzer in response to a test signal generated and transmitted to the DUT. Data related to the received signal is acquired and stored in at the storage medium. The controller inserts a mark into the time record based on an event of the sweep for identifying data from the received signal associated with the event within the time record.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
H04L 7/033 - Commande de vitesse ou de phase au moyen des signaux de code reçus, les signaux ne contenant aucune information de synchronisation particulière en utilisant les transitions du signal reçu pour commander la phase de moyens générateurs du signal de synchronisation, p. ex. en utilisant une boucle verrouillée en phase
H04L 12/26 - Dispositions de surveillance; Dispositions de test
G01R 31/00 - Dispositions pour tester les propriétés électriquesDispositions pour la localisation des pannes électriquesDispositions pour tests électriques caractérisées par ce qui est testé, non prévues ailleurs
In accordance with an embodiment, a synchronous N pulse burst generator includes an input for an intermediate frequency trigger signal and a signal path extending from the input. The signal path includes a series of N AND gates and an OR gate. Each AND gate is arranged to receive two inputs from the signal path. The signal path introduces a time delay between the two inputs received by each AND gate. A second input of the two inputs is inverted. The signal path introduces the time delay between successive AND gates from the series of N AND gates. An OR gate receives outputs from the series of N AND gates and outputs an A/D clock signal.
H03K 5/14 - Dispositions ayant une sortie unique et transformant les signaux d'entrée en impulsions délivrées à des intervalles de temps désirés par l'utilisation de lignes à retard
H03K 19/20 - Circuits logiques, c.-à-d. ayant au moins deux entrées agissant sur une sortieCircuits d'inversion caractérisés par la fonction logique, p. ex. circuits ET, OU, NI, NON
H03K 5/15 - Dispositions dans lesquelles des impulsions sont délivrées à plusieurs sorties à des instants différents, c.-à-d. distributeurs d'impulsions
H03K 5/00 - Transformation d'impulsions non couvertes par l'un des autres groupes principaux de la présente sous-classe
31.
Real-time phase synchronization of a remote receiver with a measuring instrument
A measuring instrument for measuring electrical characteristics of a device under test (DUT) includes a signal generator for generating a synchronization signal transmittable to a receiver and a phase shifter. The measuring instrument is configured to receive a retransmission of the synchronization signal from the receiver. The phase shifter configured to receive the synchronization signal from the signal generator and the retransmission of the synchronization signal from the receiver and shift a phase of the synchronization signal so that pulse edges of the synchronization signal are aligned at the measuring instrument and the receiver.
H04B 10/00 - Systèmes de transmission utilisant des ondes électromagnétiques autres que les ondes hertziennes, p. ex. les infrarouges, la lumière visible ou ultraviolette, ou utilisant des radiations corpusculaires, p. ex. les communications quantiques
H04L 7/00 - Dispositions pour synchroniser le récepteur avec l'émetteur
H04L 5/14 - Fonctionnement à double voie utilisant le même type de signal, c.-à-d. duplex
H04B 10/079 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant des mesures du signal de données
32.
High isolation shield gasket and method of providing a high isolation shield gasket
In accordance with an embodiment, a method of providing a gasket on an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield adapted to isolate a plurality of components of a measurement instrument includes obtaining a shield bottom of the EMI shield, cleaning the shield bottom, plugging threaded holes within the shield bottom so that threads of the threaded holes are substantially unexposed, applying a gasket layer to the shield bottom, and unplugging the threaded holes so that the threads are exposed.
An imaging device includes an antenna configured to transmit millimeter waves, a connector adapted to connect a radio frequency (RF) signal source with the imaging device and a signal path connected between the connector and the antenna. A nonlinear transmission line (NLTL)-based frequency multiplier is arranged along the signal path to receive an RF signal from the RF signal source and increase a frequency of the RF signal to millimeter frequency to produce a millimeter wave. A NLTL-based variable delay line is arranged along the signal path between the NLTL-based frequency multiplier and the antenna. A time delay of an NLTL of the NLTL-base variable delay line is variable to steer a beam of the millimeter wave in at least one dimension as the millimeter wave is transmitted by the antenna. A receiver processes a return signal received in response to the millimeter wave.
G01S 13/42 - Mesure simultanée de la distance et d'autres coordonnées
G01S 13/88 - Radar ou systèmes analogues, spécialement adaptés pour des applications spécifiques
G01S 13/90 - Radar ou systèmes analogues, spécialement adaptés pour des applications spécifiques pour la cartographie ou la représentation utilisant des techniques d'antenne synthétique
H03B 19/05 - Production d'oscillations par multiplication ou division de la fréquence d'un signal issu d'une source séparée, n'utilisant pas de réaction positive en utilisant une capacité non linéaire, p. ex. des diodes varactor
34.
System and method for reducing the effects of spurs on measurements using averaging with specific null selection
A method of eliminating spurs in measurements of an electrical response of a device under test (OUT) obtained uses a measurement instrument including a mixer and a receiver. The measurement instrument is configured to generate, via the mixer, an intermediate frequency (IF) signal for use by the receiver from a radio frequency (RF) signal and a local oscillator (LO) signal. Input is received from a user at the measurement instrument and includes start frequency and end frequency. Parameters for a frequency sweep are generated based on the input. A measurement for each frequency of the frequency sweep is calculated using averaging of a plurality of samples obtained at that frequency. Frequencies are identified within the frequency sweep at which spurs will occur due to the measurement instrument. The parameters for a frequency of the frequency sweep at which a spur will occur are modified so that a null for a measurement at the frequency falls on the spur.
G01R 27/02 - Mesure de résistances, de réactances, d'impédances réelles ou complexes, ou autres caractéristiques bipolaires qui en dérivent, p. ex. constante de temps
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
G01R 35/00 - Test ou étalonnage des appareils couverts par les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
G06F 1/00 - Détails non couverts par les groupes et
G01R 1/00 - Détails ou dispositions des appareils des types couverts par les groupes ou
35.
Phase synchronization of measuring instruments using free space transmission
A system for measuring electrical characteristics of a device under test (DUT) includes a measuring instrument adapted to be connected with the DUT for transmitting tests signals to the DUT, a receiver adapted to be connected with the DUT and arranged remote from the measuring instrument, an optical transceiver having a first coupler electrically connectable with the measuring instrument and a second coupler electrically connectable with the receiver, and a first and second free space transceivers connected to respective couplers by fiber optic cable. The measuring instrument includes a clock signal generated from a synchronization signal. The synchronization signal is converted to an optical signal by the optical transceiver and transmitted from the first free space transceiver to the second free space transceiver. The second coupler converts the optical signal to the synchronization signal and a clock signal of the receiver is locked to the synchronization signal.
H04B 10/00 - Systèmes de transmission utilisant des ondes électromagnétiques autres que les ondes hertziennes, p. ex. les infrarouges, la lumière visible ou ultraviolette, ou utilisant des radiations corpusculaires, p. ex. les communications quantiques
H04L 7/00 - Dispositions pour synchroniser le récepteur avec l'émetteur
H04B 10/079 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant des mesures du signal de données
H04B 10/112 - Transmission dans la ligne de visée sur une distance étendue
H04L 7/033 - Commande de vitesse ou de phase au moyen des signaux de code reçus, les signaux ne contenant aucune information de synchronisation particulière en utilisant les transitions du signal reçu pour commander la phase de moyens générateurs du signal de synchronisation, p. ex. en utilisant une boucle verrouillée en phase
H04B 10/071 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal réfléchi, p. ex. utilisant des réflectomètres optiques temporels [OTDR]
H04L 7/04 - Commande de vitesse ou de phase au moyen de signaux de synchronisation
36.
Frequency multiplexer for use with instruments for measuring passive intermodulation (PIM)
A device for combining two or more tones generated by a measuring instrument for output to a port includes a combiner point, a transmission path extending from the combiner point to the port, two or more signal source filters each adapted to be connected to a respective signal source of the measuring instrument and one or more receiver filters each adapted to be connected to a receiver of the measuring instrument. Each of the signal source filters and receiver filters includes a cavity, a resonator arranged within the cavity and connected with the combiner point at a distance of one quarter of a wavelength of a signal having a center frequency of the passband of the filter, and a solid dielectric filter connected with the cavity.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
37.
Synchronization of a remote wide band receiver using a narrow band low frequency signal
A measurement instrument for measuring electrical characteristics of a device under test (DUT) includes a synchronization signal generator configured to generate a synchronization signal transmittable from the measurement instrument to a receiver. The synchronization generator comprises a phase-locked loop (PLL) that locks the phase of the LO signal to the synchronization signal. The A/D clock signal is generated from the synchronization signal.
H04B 10/00 - Systèmes de transmission utilisant des ondes électromagnétiques autres que les ondes hertziennes, p. ex. les infrarouges, la lumière visible ou ultraviolette, ou utilisant des radiations corpusculaires, p. ex. les communications quantiques
H04L 7/00 - Dispositions pour synchroniser le récepteur avec l'émetteur
H04B 10/079 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant des mesures du signal de données
H04L 7/033 - Commande de vitesse ou de phase au moyen des signaux de code reçus, les signaux ne contenant aucune information de synchronisation particulière en utilisant les transitions du signal reçu pour commander la phase de moyens générateurs du signal de synchronisation, p. ex. en utilisant une boucle verrouillée en phase
38.
Exact phase synchronization of a remote receiver with a measurement instrument
A measurement instrument for measuring electrical characteristics of a device under test (DUT) includes a synchronization signal generator, a coarse phase detection counter and a fine phase detection counter. The synchronization signal generator is connectable with a receiver via a fiber optic cable and a duplexer configured to transmit a synchronization signal from the measurement instrument to the receiver and retransmit the received synchronization signal from the receiver to the measurement instrument. The coarse phase detection counter and the fine phase detection counter are configured to determine one or both of a distance from the receiver to the measurement instrument and a phase shift in the synchronization signal between the receiver and the measurement instrument.
G01R 27/02 - Mesure de résistances, de réactances, d'impédances réelles ou complexes, ou autres caractéristiques bipolaires qui en dérivent, p. ex. constante de temps
G01R 31/28 - Test de circuits électroniques, p. ex. à l'aide d'un traceur de signaux
G01R 25/00 - Dispositions pour procéder aux mesures de l'angle de phase entre une tension et un courant ou entre des tensions ou des courants
39.
Real-time phase synchronization of a remote receiver with a measurement instrument
A measurement instrument for measuring electrical characteristics of a device under test (DUT) includes a synchronization signal generator for generating a synchronization signal transmittable to a receiver, a voltage controlled phase shifter (VCPS) connected with the synchronization signal generator and a phase-to-voltage converter configured to drive the VCPS. The synchronization signal is transmitted via a duplexer configured to transmit the synchronization signal from the measurement instrument to the receiver via a fiber optic cable and retransmit the received synchronization signal from the receiver to the measurement instrument via the fiber optic cable. The phase-to-voltage converter receives as inputs the synchronization signal input to the VCPS, the synchronization signal output from the VCPS and the retransmitted synchronization signal received at the measurement instrument from the receiver. An output of the phase-to-voltage converter is provided as input to the VCPS.
H04B 10/00 - Systèmes de transmission utilisant des ondes électromagnétiques autres que les ondes hertziennes, p. ex. les infrarouges, la lumière visible ou ultraviolette, ou utilisant des radiations corpusculaires, p. ex. les communications quantiques
H04L 7/00 - Dispositions pour synchroniser le récepteur avec l'émetteur
H04B 10/079 - Dispositions pour la surveillance ou le test de systèmes de transmissionDispositions pour la mesure des défauts de systèmes de transmission utilisant un signal en service utilisant des mesures du signal de données
H04L 5/14 - Fonctionnement à double voie utilisant le même type de signal, c.-à-d. duplex
40.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MEASURING EFFECTIVE CUSTOMER IMPACT OF NETWORK PROBLEMS IN REAL-TIME USING STREAMING ANALYTICS
A system used for identifying issues within a telecom network. Data is obtained from sources including probes and network elements. KPIs are identified for real-time streaming aggregation. Streaming data related to the KPIs is aggregated and an approximation of count-distinct subscribers and volume count is calculated, as well as count-distinct subscribers aggregating by each identified KPI. Drill objects found in the aggregated data are identified based on the calculations and real-time trending records are generated and stored for each drill object using an exponential moving average. Baseline averages are generated based on the real-time trending records. An increase in errors can then be detected based on the baseline averages and additionally aggregated real-time streaming data. Deviations in each drill object contributing to the detected increase in errors are then analyzed and a full case report is generated based on details of the deviations.
In an embodiment, a method for measuring passive intermodulation (PIM) associated with a device under test (DUT) includes generating a test signal using a measuring instrument and obtaining measurements of PIM for the DUT. The test signal comprises two or more tones each amplified to a target output power by a respective amplifier according to a duty cycle. Measurements are obtained by the measuring instrument during an active portion of each duty cycle over a sweep of frequencies. PIM is calculated for the DUT by averaging a plurality of measurements obtained for each frequency from the sweep of frequencies. The duty cycle is determined based on the target output power.
G01R 31/00 - Dispositions pour tester les propriétés électriquesDispositions pour la localisation des pannes électriquesDispositions pour tests électriques caractérisées par ce qui est testé, non prévues ailleurs
G01R 31/11 - Localisation de défauts dans les câbles, les lignes de transmission ou les réseaux en utilisant des méthodes de réflexion d'impulsion
H04B 17/17 - Détection de contre-performance ou d’exécution défectueuse, p. ex. déviations de réponse
A method for obtaining improved resolution pulsed radio frequency (RF) measurements with phase coherence for a device under test (DUT) using a vector network analyzer (VNA) includes generating a pulsed RF test signal, transmitting the pulsed RF test signal to the DUT and receiving a signal from the DUT at the VNA in response to the pulsed RF test signal. An intermediate frequency (IF) signal is generated using a local oscillator (LO) signal. A phase of the LO signal is shifted by a prescribed amount while generating the IF signal. The IF signal is then sampled over multiple pulses and measurements are constructed from the measurements. A discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is then applied to the constructed measurements.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
G01R 27/32 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire dans des circuits comportant des constantes réparties
43.
Devices, systems, and methods for sychronizing a remote receiver to a master signal for measuring scattering parameters
A reflectometer for use in measuring scattering (S-)parameters for a device under test (DUT) includes a test port, a radio frequency (RF) output signal source, and a local oscillator (LO) signal. The LO signal is used to downconvert the RF output signal to an incident IF signal. The reflectometer is useable as a first reflectometer with a second reflectometer such that the first and second reflectometers are phase synchronized by a synchronization signal. Phase and magnitude of transmission S-parameters of the DUT are measurable when the first reflectometer is used with the second reflectometer. The roles of the first and second reflectometers are reversible to allow for measurement of forward and reverse parameters. Further, the synchronization signal can be provided by one reflectometer to the other (or both can receive a separately generated synchronization signal) via a wire or fiber optic cable, for example, or via a wireless connection.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
G01R 27/06 - Mesure des coefficients de réflexionMesure du rapport d'ondes stationnaires
44.
Apparatus to detect interference in wireless signals
An apparatus to detect interference in wireless signals, comprising an antenna for receiving a wireless signal; and wherein the apparatus is operable to identify a dominant waveform in the received signal; subtract the dominant waveform from the received signal to create a modified received signal; and repeat the above steps, recursively substituting the modified received signal for the received signal, until all adjusted reference waveforms have been subtracted.
An imaging device includes an antenna configured to transmit millimeter waves, a connector adapted to connect a radio frequency (RF) signal source with the imaging device and a signal path connected between the connector and the antenna. A nonlinear transmission line (NLTL)-based frequency multiplier is arranged along the signal path to receive an RF signal from the RF signal source and increase a frequency of the RF signal to millimeter frequency to produce a millimeter wave. A NLTL-based variable delay line is arranged along the signal path between the NLTL-based frequency multiplier and the antenna. A time delay of an NLTL of the NLTL-base variable delay line is variable to steer a beam of the millimeter wave in at least one dimension as the millimeter wave is transmitted by the antenna. A receiver processes a return signal received in response to the millimeter wave.
G01S 13/88 - Radar ou systèmes analogues, spécialement adaptés pour des applications spécifiques
G01S 13/89 - Radar ou systèmes analogues, spécialement adaptés pour des applications spécifiques pour la cartographie ou la représentation
H03B 19/05 - Production d'oscillations par multiplication ou division de la fréquence d'un signal issu d'une source séparée, n'utilisant pas de réaction positive en utilisant une capacité non linéaire, p. ex. des diodes varactor
46.
Systems and methods for time/frequency indexed pulse calibrations for vector network analyzers
A method for measuring scattering parameters in a device under test (DUT) using a vector network analyzer (VNA), includes calibrating the VNA to generate corrections for deterministic setup defects and mapping a plurality of error terms based on a plurality of time indices, wherein each time indicia is associated with an error term. A test signal is transmitted to the DUT to obtain a measurement signal from the DUT in response to the test signal. The generated corrections to obtained measurements are time aligned based on the mapped error terms.
G01R 35/00 - Test ou étalonnage des appareils couverts par les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
G01R 31/00 - Dispositions pour tester les propriétés électriquesDispositions pour la localisation des pannes électriquesDispositions pour tests électriques caractérisées par ce qui est testé, non prévues ailleurs
47.
Method of calibrating a measurement instrument for determining direction and distance to a source of passive intermodulation (PIM)
A method of calibrating a passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement device configured to transmit radio frequency (RF) signals and receive PIM signals using a directional antenna includes arranging the PIM measurement device connected to the directional antenna so that the directional antenna is configured to transmit an RF signal having a substantially unobstructed boresight axis, transmitting the RF signal, and obtaining a PIM measurement using the PIM measurement device. The PIM measurement device can then be calibrated based on the obtained PIM measurement.
A method of estimating a location of an interference signal source includes using a first antenna configured to receive a signal from the interference signal source and using a second antenna arranged proximate to the first antenna and configured to receive global positioning system (GPS) signals. An initial trend in variation in power of a received signal from the interference signal source is determined relative to a position of the second antenna, wherein upon determining the initial trend, the initial trend is a current trend. In an iterative manner, the second antenna is directed to be repositioned and a current trend in the peak measurement in power is observed until an estimate of the location of the interference signal source is determined.
In an embodiment, a method for calculating PIM associated with a DUT comprises obtaining a first measurement of PIM with the DUT connected to the measuring instrument, introducing a shift in a phase offset of PIM produced at the DUT in response to test signals generated by the measuring instrument, obtaining, upon introducing the shift, a second measurement of PIM with the DUT connected to the measuring instrument and calculating the PIM associated with the DUT based on the first measurement and the second measurement.
G01R 25/04 - Dispositions pour procéder aux mesures de l'angle de phase entre une tension et un courant ou entre des tensions ou des courants faisant intervenir le réglage d'un déphaseur pour produire une différence de phase prédéterminée, p. ex. une différence nulle
H04B 17/11 - SurveillanceTests d’émetteurs pour l’étalonnage
50.
Systems and methods for measuring passive intermodulation (PIM) and return loss
An embodiment of a low power system for measuring passive intermodulation (PIM) includes a port, a test signal source, a dielectric frequency domain multiplexer and a receiver. The test signal source provides a test signal including two tones each capable of producing a signal at the test port of amplitude +30 decibels referenced to one milliwatt (dBm) or less. The dielectric frequency domain multiplexer connected with the port and the test signal source and is adapted to multiplex the test signal provided by the test signal source and a measurement signal obtained at the port. The receiver receives the multiplexed measurement signal from the dielectric frequency domain multiplexer and provides a signal indicative of PIM.
G01R 19/00 - Dispositions pour procéder aux mesures de courant ou de tension ou pour en indiquer l'existence ou le signe
G01R 31/08 - Localisation de défauts dans les câbles, les lignes de transmission ou les réseaux
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
H04W 24/04 - Configurations pour maintenir l'état de fonctionnement
G01R 31/11 - Localisation de défauts dans les câbles, les lignes de transmission ou les réseaux en utilisant des méthodes de réflexion d'impulsion
G01R 27/32 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire dans des circuits comportant des constantes réparties
H04W 24/00 - Dispositions de supervision, de contrôle ou de test
G01R 1/20 - Modifications des éléments électriques fondamentaux en vue de leur utilisation dans des appareils de mesures électriquesCombinaisons structurelles de ces éléments avec ces appareils
H02H 1/00 - Détails de circuits de protection de sécurité
51.
Systems and methods for simultaneously measuring forward and reverse scattering parameters
A system adapted to measure electrical performance of a device under test (DUT) having two or more ports includes a plurality of signal sources synchronized and configured to generated signals simultaneously, a plurality of first signal paths to obtain transmitted and reflected signals from the DUT, a plurality of second signal paths to obtain incident signals from the signal sources, and a receiver for receiving the reflected, transmitted and incident signals obtained at the first signal paths and the second signal paths. The receiver is adapted to separate the reflected and the transmitted signals obtained from each of the first signal paths. The signal sources are configured to each generate a signal having a frequency offset from each of the others of the signal sources by a known frequency delta.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
G01R 31/00 - Dispositions pour tester les propriétés électriquesDispositions pour la localisation des pannes électriquesDispositions pour tests électriques caractérisées par ce qui est testé, non prévues ailleurs
G01R 31/319 - Matériel de test, c.-à-d. circuits de traitement de signaux de sortie
52.
Method for determining the distance to and magnitude of one or more passive intermodulation (PIM) source
A Passive Intermodulation (PIM) measurement circuit enables making forward and reverse PIM measurements on any 1 port (reflection) or 2 port (transmission) device with the ability to determine in distance where individual PIM impairments are located as well as their magnitude. The PIM measurement circuit includes two frequency sources that are provided through a combiner for a CW characterization of the PIM circuit. To enable distance determination, an FM measurement is created by using a saw tooth offset sweep generator attached to one of the two frequency sources. With down conversion and processing of signals from the PIM impairments, the FM signal provides a frequency variation that is converted using a Fourier transform or spectrum analysis for separation of frequencies, enabling determination of the distance of the PIM sources as well as their magnitudes.
In an embodiment, a system for measuring high frequency response of a DUT having improved power leveling includes a signal source, a modulator, an upconverter, and a leveling loop having dynamic gain adjustment. The signal source generates a test signal and the modulator modulates the amplitude of the generated test signal to target a requested power. The converter multiplies a frequency of the test signal. The leveling loop is configured to detect an intermediate frequency (IF) signal generated in response to the upconverted test signal. Modulation of the amplitude of the generated test signal by the modulator is adjustable based on the IF signal detected by the leveling loop.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
G01R 27/32 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire dans des circuits comportant des constantes réparties
G01R 35/00 - Test ou étalonnage des appareils couverts par les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
G01R 1/28 - Disposition prévue dans des appareils de mesure pour des valeurs de référence, p. ex. tension étalon, forme d'ondes étalon
G01R 31/28 - Test de circuits électroniques, p. ex. à l'aide d'un traceur de signaux
54.
Systems and methods for accounting for residual passive intermodulation in passive intermodulation measuring instruments
A system for measuring passive intermodulation (PIM) comprises a port connectable with a load and a PIM source, a test signal source providing a test signal having components of two or more frequencies, and a receiver including a phase-coherent detector to receive a reflected signal obtained at the port in response to the provided test signal. The phase-coherent detector has an output that provides a signal indicative of PIM. A reference signal source connected with the phase-coherent detector provides a reference signal derived from the test signal. A signal combiner having a first input connected with the output of the phase-coherent detector, a second input connectable with storing a measurement of residual PIM generated by the apparatus, and removes the residual PIM from the signal indicative of PIM and provides measured PIM of the PIM source at the output.
A device to measure a passive intermodulation (PIM) creating component is provided that uses minimal average power. For a PIM measurement, two separate signals F1 and F2 are generated to simulate signals, such as from two different types of cell phone operating bands being transmitted in the same area or two different transmit frequencies within one cell phone operating band. PIMs are measured to assure interference is not created on one of the cell phone bands. Minimal power is used by connecting pulse width modulators (PWM) to provide DC power to the high power amplifiers (HPA) creating the signals F1 and F2. By controlling the duty cycle of the PWM to limit ON time of the HPAs to approximately 10%, significant average power savings occur. Size is also reduced with reduced power consumption because heat sinks and other cooling components are not required.
G01R 23/14 - Dispositions pour procéder à la mesure de fréquences, p. ex. taux de répétition d'impulsionsDispositions pour procéder à la mesure de la période d'un courant ou d'une tension en hétérodynantDispositions pour procéder à la mesure de fréquences, p. ex. taux de répétition d'impulsionsDispositions pour procéder à la mesure de la période d'un courant ou d'une tension par mesure des battements résultant d'une comparaison de fréquences
G01R 7/00 - Appareils capables de convertir plusieurs courants ou tensions en un seul déplacement mécanique
G05F 1/613 - Régulation de la tension ou de l'intensité là où la variable effectivement régulée par le dispositif de réglage final est du type continu utilisant des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs en parallèle avec la charge comme dispositifs de réglage final
G05F 1/00 - Systèmes automatiques dans lesquels les écarts d'une grandeur électrique par rapport à une ou plusieurs valeurs prédéterminées sont détectés à la sortie et réintroduits dans un dispositif intérieur au système pour ramener la grandeur détectée à sa valeur ou à ses valeurs prédéterminées, c.-à-d. systèmes rétroactifs
56.
System and method for measuring and locating passive intermodulation (PIM) sources in a network and/or device
An embodiment of a system for determining a distance and magnitude to one or more unknown passive intermodulation (PIM) sources associated with a network under test comprises a scalar PIM measuring instrument and a reference PIM source. The scalar PIM measuring instrument has an output frequency that is systematically changeable to produce a series of response signals of varying frequency and the reference PIM source is configured to introduce a reflected signal to the scalar PIM measuring instrument in response to the output frequency. The scalar PIM measuring instrument can perform data processing algorithms allowing the extraction of distance and magnitude information about the unknown PIM sources located along the network under test from scalar data received by the scalar PIM measuring instrument. The scalar data received by the scalar PIM measuring instrument represents a combination of signals from the unknown PIM sources and the reference PIM source.
A test system is provided to test both voice and video quality of the connection for a large number of mobile phones, tablets, laptops or other user transmit/receive devices from a central location. The quality can be expressed as a Mean Opinion Score (MOS) and the uplink and downlink connection quality can be separately estimated. The system allows the use of media fragments that are characteristic of an end user and allows video data to be measured at the time and location that the user typically makes calls.
A device for use with a passive intermodulation (PIM) measuring instrument comprises a load, a connector associated with the load, and a PIM standard adapted to selectively introduce a PIM intervening between the load and the connector. The load is adapted to be electrically connected with the PIM measuring instrument by connecting the connector to a port of the measuring instrument and the PIM standard is capable of selectively introducing the PIM without disconnecting the connector from the port.
A PIM measurement circuit enables making forward and reverse PIM measurements on any 1 port (reflection) or 2 port (transmission) device with the ability to determine in distance where individual PIM impairments are located as well as their magnitude. The PIM measurement circuit includes two frequency sources that are provided through a combiner for a CW characterization of the PIM circuit. To enable distance determination, an FM measurement is created by using a saw tooth offset sweep generator attached to one of the two frequency sources. With downconversion and processing of signals from the PIM impairments, the FM signal provides a frequency variation that is converted using a Fourier transform or spectrum analysis for separation of frequencies, enabling determination of the distance of the PIM sources as well as their magnitudes.
G01R 27/04 - Mesure de résistances, de réactances, d'impédances réelles ou complexes, ou autres caractéristiques bipolaires qui en dérivent, p. ex. constante de temps dans des circuits comportant des constantes réparties
60.
IMPAIRMENT SIMULATION FOR NETWORK COMMUNICATION TO ENABLE VOICE QUALITY DEGRADATION ESTIMATION
An automated method for testing audio signal quality of cell phone transmissions provides a Mean Opinion Score (MOS) output using inexpensive test components. The test system uses a server computer to eliminate the need for expensive faders used in a bench test system. The server computer manipulates data packets from the reference media file to simulate impairments, including losses, errors, noise and jitter, at a much lower cost than using actual faders. Transmission through two separate radio access networks RANs is provided to simulate two parties communicating using separate mobile devices (an end-to-end test solution) with a single cell phone.
In accordance with an embodiment, a system for measuring passive intermodulation (PIM), comprises a base unit, which includes frequency-independent components, and a frequency-dependent plugin, which includes frequency-dependent components and is associated with a particular frequency band. The frequency-dependent plugin can be combined with the base unit to measure PIM over the particular frequency band.
Systems and methods are provided for improving frequency resolution in a phase locked loop having an oscillator and a phase detector. A method comprises receiving a reference signal and generating an output signal having a phase relationship with the reference signal and receiving the output signal at a fractional divider connected between the oscillator and the phase detector in a feedback loop, wherein the fractional divider includes a plurality of configurable parameters. The method also comprises adjusting a value of the modulus parameter to increase frequency resolution.
H03L 7/06 - Commande automatique de fréquence ou de phaseSynchronisation utilisant un signal de référence qui est appliqué à une boucle verrouillée en fréquence ou en phase
63.
Passive intermodulation (PIM) distance to fault analyzer with selectable harmonic level
A distance to PIM measurement circuit is made using a device such as an AWS transceiver that has separate transmit and receive bands. With a typical AWS transceiver placed in close proximity to a PCS transceiver, the AWS device will include a band reject filter to eliminate interference from the PCS signals. The PIM measurement circuit includes two frequency sources F1 and F2 that are provided through a combiner for characterization of the PIM circuit. To enable distance determination, an FM measurement is created by using a offset sweep generator attached to one of the two frequency sources. To avoid frequencies blocked by the band reject filter, a desired harmonic of a test PIM harmonic signal is selected outside the band of the band reject filter. In one embodiment, a reference signal is provided by mixing a signal from an xM multiplier connected to the F1 source with an xN multiplier signal connected to the F2 source, the mixed output being filtered to select the desired harmonic reference signal to avoid the band reject filter. In another embodiment, a reference signal is created by generating all harmonics of the combined F1 and F2 signal using a series connected amplifier and clipping diodes with a filter again used to select the desired harmonic reference signal to avoid the band reject filter.
A spectrum analyzer that provides from below 9 kHz to above 20 GHz operation range while remaining hand-held. The spectrum analyzer includes an integrated precision stand-alone step attenuator that does not rely on printed circuit board (PCB) mounted circuit elements within the signal path. Further, a PIN diplexing switch separates signals into different base-band and highband paths. The baseband path includes a pre-amplifier for low frequency signals, while the higher frequency bands may not necessarily include a pre-amplifier. The highband path incorporates multi-throw MMIC PIN diode switches to selectively filter different bands of input signals.
H01P 1/213 - Sélecteurs de fréquence, p. ex. filtres combinant ou séparant plusieurs fréquences différentes
H03H 7/46 - Réseaux pour connecter plusieurs sources ou charges, fonctionnant sur des fréquences ou dans des bandes de fréquence différentes, à une charge ou à une source commune
A high-frequency VNA system is provided using non-linear transmission line (NLTL or shockline) based samplers configured to provide scalable operation characteristics. Scaling to adjust noise performance vs. frequency is accomplished as follows: (1) increasing or decreasing the fall time of a shockline's output voltage waveform. This is accomplished by changing the number of Schottky varactors in a shockline, as well as changing the shockline's Bragg cutoff frequency by setting the spacing between Schottky varactors; (2) changing the structure of the pulse-forming network connected with the sampler by changing the length of the differentiator arms in the sampler pulse-forming network; and (3) changing the LO signal frequency applied to the shockline. Multiple NLTL based samplers are multiplexed to form a broadband reflectometer with the multiplexing circuitry selectively connecting one of the NLTL based sampler segments at a time to allow user selection of a desired performance vs. frequency response for each segment.
A portable frequency synthesizer is provided with fine tuning over a broad bandwidth using a Fractional N type Delta Sum Phase Locked Loop circuit that enables elimination of boundary value spurs. In the system, frequencies where spurs occur are calculated to define a region of fractional N values that cannot be used with a first time base. To avoid the boundary spurs, a second time base reference is selected that can generate boundary spurs that do not overlap with the first time base. Circuitry is provided to select the appropriate time base and the fractional N values to generate desired output frequencies throughout the synthesizer range while avoiding the boundary spurs.
Shockline-based samplers of a vector-network analyzer (VNA) have enhanced dynamic range by using a dynamic bias network applied to the non-linear transmission lines (NLTLs) or shocklines. The bias voltage applied to the NLTL provides direct control over the falling-edge shockline compression, and thus the insertion loss and overall RF bandwidth of the sampler. Alternating between a forward bias voltage to turn off a shockline sampler when it is not needed and thereby reducing spurious generation and improving isolation can be alternatively applied with a reverse bias voltage to turn on the shockline sampler in a normal operation mode. By measuring the shockline output and providing feedback in the reverse-bias mode, the bias voltage can be dynamically adjusted to significantly increase the performance of the NLTL based sampler. In the presence of a strong positive bias voltage, the incoming LO and its harmonics experience large ohmic losses thus preventing gating pulses from forming in the shockline. The ohmic losses enable strong isolation between the LO sampling channels and will increase spectral purity at the VNA test ports.
A distance to PIM measurement circuit is made using a device such as an AWS transceiver that has separate transmit and receive bands. With a typical AWS transceiver placed in close proximity to a PCS transceiver, the AWS device will include a band reject filter to eliminate interference from the PCS signals. The PIM measurement circuit includes two frequency sources F1 and F2 that are provided through a combiner for characterization of the PIM circuit. To enable distance determination, an FM measurement is created by using an offset sweep generator attached to one of the two frequency sources. To avoid frequencies blocked by the band reject filter, a desired harmonic of a test PIM harmonic signal is selected outside the band of the band reject filter.
An apparatus to detect interference in wireless signals, comprising an antenna for receiving a wireless signal; and wherein the apparatus is operable to identify a dominant waveform in the received signal; subtract the dominant waveform from the received signal to create a modified received signal; and repeat the above steps, recursively substituting the modified received signal for the received signal, until all adjusted reference waveforms have been subtracted.
H04B 1/00 - Détails des systèmes de transmission, non couverts par l'un des groupes Détails des systèmes de transmission non caractérisés par le milieu utilisé pour la transmission
H04B 1/10 - Dispositifs associés au récepteur pour limiter ou supprimer le bruit et les interférences
A PIM measurement circuit enables making forward and reverse PIM measurements on any 1 port (reflection) or 2 port (transmission) device with the ability to determine in distance where individual PIM impairments are located as well as their magnitude. The PIM measurement circuit includes two frequency sources that are provided through a combiner for a CW characterization of the PIM circuit. To enable distance determination, an FM measurement is created by using a saw tooth offset sweep generator attached to one of the two frequency sources. With downconversion and processing of signals from the PIM impairments, the FM signal provides a frequency variation that is converted using a Fourier transform or spectrum analysis for separation of frequencies, enabling determination of the distance of the PIM sources as well as their magnitudes.
A system to extend an operating bandwidth of a signal generator comprises a signal generator, an output port, a first transmission line extending between the signal generator and the output port, a mixer adapted to receive a first signal from the signal generator, a local oscillator adapted to provide a second signal to the mixer to beat against the first signal, a second transmission line extending from the mixer to transmit a plurality of output signals of the mixer, and one or more channels couplable between the first transmission line and the second transmission line. The one or more channels include a first coupler having a length adapted to couple one or more of the output signals within a band of frequencies from the second transmission line to the channel, a second coupler having a length adapted to couple the one or more of the output signals from the channel to the first transmission line, and a filter arranged between the first coupler and the second coupler.
G01R 23/14 - Dispositions pour procéder à la mesure de fréquences, p. ex. taux de répétition d'impulsionsDispositions pour procéder à la mesure de la période d'un courant ou d'une tension en hétérodynantDispositions pour procéder à la mesure de fréquences, p. ex. taux de répétition d'impulsionsDispositions pour procéder à la mesure de la période d'un courant ou d'une tension par mesure des battements résultant d'une comparaison de fréquences
73.
Automatic calibration techniques with improved accuracy and lower complexity for high frequency vector network analyzers
A calibration module, for use in calibrating a VNA, includes ports connectable to the VNA, calibration standards, and single pole multi throw (SPMT) switches. Each SPMT includes a single pole terminal, multiple throw terminals and a shunt terminal corresponding to each multiple throw terminal. A switching path is between each throw terminal and the single pole terminal, and between each shunt terminal and the single pole terminal. Each switching path includes at least one solid state switching element. The calibration standards are selectively connectable to the ports of the calibration module by selectively controlling the switching elements. Each port of the calibration module is directly connected to a throw terminal of one of the SPMT switches. Also, unique algorithm are provided for calibrating a VNA when using a calibration impedance that is a hybrid of a reflect standard and a transmission standard, which can be achieved using the calibration module.
G01R 27/28 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire
A system for measuring a frequency response of an electrical network includes a signal source, a signal source path, a reflectometer receiver interactively associated with the signal source path by a directional coupler, and one or more additional reflectometer receivers arranged in series along the signal source path and associated with the signal source path by one or more respective additional directional couplers. The directional coupler and one or more respective additional directional couplers operate at different frequency ranges.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to circuits to be inserted in a signal path between a signal generator and a test port of a vector network analyzer (VNA), where the circuits enable the VNA to make scattering parameter measurements for a load (RL) connected to the test port when the signal generator generates signals having frequencies that are below a low frequency limit (e.g., 2 MHz) of an actual dual directional coupler of the VNA. Embodiments of the present invention are also directed to a VNA that includes such circuits.
G01R 27/04 - Mesure de résistances, de réactances, d'impédances réelles ou complexes, ou autres caractéristiques bipolaires qui en dérivent, p. ex. constante de temps dans des circuits comportant des constantes réparties
G01R 27/32 - Mesure de l'atténuation, du gain, du déphasage ou des caractéristiques qui en dérivent dans des réseaux électriques quadripoles, c.-à-d. des réseaux à double entréeMesure d'une réponse transitoire dans des circuits comportant des constantes réparties
76.
Lumped element microwave inductor with windings around tapered poly-iron core
A microwave inductor including a coil with windings tapered from a first end of the coil to a second end of the coil to reduce resonant loss glitches found in conventional inductors which have uniform diameter windings. The coil further includes a core composed of a dielectric material containing a colloidal suspension of magnetic particles, the magnetic material preferably being iron powder and the dielectric preferably being epoxy, making the core a poly-iron material. The magnetic particles being colloidally suspended in dielectric increase the impedance of the coil at high frequencies to reduce resonant glitches without lowering the low frequency Q of the inductor. As such, a single coil can be utilized both in a filter which requires a low impedance at low frequencies to create a high Q, and as a bias line which operates at frequencies well beyond the resonant frequency of the inductor since a high impedance is provided by the core at higher resonant frequencies. The percentage of magnetic particles relative to the dielectric material in the core can be controlled to set the inductance value for the microwave inductor.
77.
Microwave inductor with poly-iron core configured to limit interference with transmission line signals
An inductor coil is made with windings turns in a conical shape tapered from a very small diameter and gradually increasing. The core of the coil is composed of a dielectric material with a colloidal suspension of magnetic particles, i.e. poly-iron. The core functions to increase impedance at higher frequencies to reduce resonant loss glitches, while providing a low impedance at low frequencies to provide a high Q at low frequencies. The core can be part air (or non-magnetic dielectric) and part poly-iron, with the air portion provided closest to a transmission line where the inductor is connected to prevent the core from interfering with the magnetic field of signals on a transmission line.
brevets
