The present invention relates to a process for producing a catalyst. The process comprises the steps of: a) providing an uncalcined metal modified porous silica support wherein the modifier metal is selected from one or more of boron, magnesium, aluminium, zirconium, hafnium and titanium, wherein the modifier metal is present in mono- or dinuclear modifier metal moieties; b) optionally removing any solvent or liquid carrier from the modified silica support; c) optionally drying the modified silica support; d) treating the uncalcined metal modified silica support with a catalytic metal to effect adsorption of the catalytic metal onto the metal modified silica support; and e) calcining the impregnated silica support of step d). The invention extends to an uncalcined catalyst intermediate and a method of producing a catalyst by providing a porous silica support having isolated silanol groups.
The invention discloses a catalyst comprising a modified silica support having a titanium modifier metal, and a catalytic metal on the modified silica support. A proportion of the modifier metal is present in the form of mononuclear titanium moieties or is derived from a mononuclear titanium cation source at the commencement of modification. The invention also discloses a corresponding modified silica support, a method of producing the catalyst or the modified silica support, and a process for preparing an ethylenically unsaturated acid or ester in the presence of the catalyst.
C12N 1/38 - Stimulation chimique de la croissance ou de l'activité par addition de composés chimiques qui ne sont pas des facteurs essentiels de croissance; Stimulation de la croissance par élimination d'un composé chimique
C12N 15/00 - Techniques de mutation ou génie génétique; ADN ou ARN concernant le génie génétique, vecteurs, p.ex. plasmides, ou leur isolement, leur préparation ou leur purification; Utilisation d'hôtes pour ceux-ci
C12P 7/40 - Préparation de composés organiques contenant de l'oxygène contenant un groupe carboxyle
A catalyst has a modified silica support and comprises a modifier metal, zirconium and/or hafnium, and a catalytic metal on the modified support. The catalyst has at least a proportion, typically, at least 25%, of modifier metal present in moieties having a total of up to 2 modifier metal atoms. The moieties may be derived from a monomeric and/or dimeric cation source. A method of production:- provides a silica support with isolated silanol groups with optional treatment to provide isolated silanol groups (-SiOH) at a level of <2.5 groups per nm2; contacting the optionally treated silica support with a monomeric zirconium or hafnium modifier metal compound to effect adsorption onto the support; optionally calcining the modified support for a time and temperature sufficient to convert the monomeric zirconium or hafnium compound adsorbed on the surface to an oxide or hydroxide of zirconium or hafnium in preparation for catalyst impregnation. A method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester, typically, an a, β ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester, comprising the steps of contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester in the presence of catalyst and optionally in the presence of an alcohol, wherein said catalyst is used.
B01J 31/02 - Catalyseurs contenant des hydrures, des complexes de coordination ou des composés organiques contenant des composés organiques ou des hydrures métalliques
B01J 37/02 - Imprégnation, revêtement ou précipitation
B01J 35/02 - Catalyseurs caractérisés par leur forme ou leurs propriétés physiques, en général solides
C07C 67/313 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par modification de la partie acide de l'ester sans introduction d'un groupe ester par introduction de groupes fonctionnels avec de l'oxygène lié par liaison double, p.ex. de groupes carboxyle
C07C 51/353 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par modification de la taille du squelette carboné
5.
POLYMERISABLE COMPOSITION COMPRISING TEMPO COMPOUND
A polymerisable composition suitable for impregnating a permeable material, a process for the treatment of a permeable material, especially wood and an impregnated material is described. The composition comprises at least 60% w/w composition of one or more polymerisable monomer(s) and an initiator effective to bulk polymerise the polymerisable monomers above 50°C. The composition comprises up to 0.5%w/w tempo compound effective to stabilise the composition at temperatures less than 50°C or below its thermally activated polymerisation temperature and to not substantially prevent polymerisation above the polymerisation temperature. The process has steps of locating the permeable material in a chamber; evacuating the chamber; adding a thermally initiatable bulk polymerisable composition to the chamber; allowing the material to become impregnated with polymerisable composition; removing excess polymerisable composition; and effecting bulk polymerisation of the composition by increasing the temperature of the impregnated material in the chamber to initiate polymerisation of the composition.
B27K 5/00 - Coloration ou teinture du bois; Blanchiment du bois; Traitement du bois non prévu dans les groupes ou
C08F 20/18 - Esters des alcools ou des phénols monohydriques des phénols ou des alcools contenant plusieurs atomes de carbone avec l'acide acrylique ou l'acide méthacrylique
C08F 220/18 - Esters des alcools ou des phénols monohydriques des phénols ou des alcools contenant plusieurs atomes de carbone avec l'acide acrylique ou l'acide méthacrylique
C09K 5/20 - Additifs antigel pour ces substances, p.ex. pour liquides de radiateur
6.
METHOD OF PRODUCING METHYL METHACRYLATE OR METHACRYLIC ACID
There is described a method of reducing polymer tar build-up in the production of methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid by the acetone cyanohydrin process. In the method a stabiliser is contacted with the amide stage reaction medium. The stabiliser includes a hydrocarbon moiety capable of donating a labile hydrogen atom to a methacrylamide derivative capable of reaction with said labile hydrogen atom under the conditions in the said medium. The method herein is especially useful for the continuous production of methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid.
C07C 233/09 - Amides d'acides carboxyliques ayant des atomes de carbone de groupes carboxamide liés à des atomes d'hydrogène ou à des atomes de carbone acycliques ayant les atomes d'azote des groupes carboxamide liés à des atomes d'hydrogène ou à des atomes de carbone de radicaux hydrocarbonés non substitués avec des atomes de carbone de groupes carboxamide liés à des atomes de carbone d'un squelette carboné acyclique non saturé
C07C 231/14 - Préparation d'amides d'acides carboxyliques par formation de groupes carboxamide combinée avec des réactions n'impliquant pas les groupes carboxamide
C07C 231/12 - Préparation d'amides d'acides carboxyliques par des réactions n'impliquant pas la formation de groupes carboxamide
C07C 231/06 - Préparation d'amides d'acides carboxyliques à partir de nitriles par transformation de groupes cyano en groupes carboxamide
C07C 335/06 - Dérivés de thiourée ayant des atomes d'azote de groupes thiourée liés à des atomes de carbone acycliques
C07C 303/24 - Préparation d'esters ou d'amides d'acides sulfuriques; Préparation d'acides sulfoniques ou de leurs esters, halogénures, anhydrides ou amides d'esters d'acides sulfuriques
C07C 67/20 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par conversion d'un groupe contenant de l'azote dans un groupe ester à partir d'amides ou de lactames
The invention relates to a composition with improved scratch and/or abrasion resistance and methods of their manufacture. Compositions for injection moulding, extrusion, (co)extrusion and/or thermoforming are described. The composition comprises (a) an acrylic (co)polymer and (b) a fatty acid amide. At least 30wt% of the acrylic (co)polymer residues are residues of an alkacrylic acid or ester monomer such as methyl methacrylate and 0 to 70wt% are residues of one or more other vinyl comonomers. A process for the production of a composition comprising the steps of melt blending the fatty acid amide with the acrylic (co)polymer or adding the fatty acid amide to the monomer during production of the acrylic (co)polymer. Use of the composition may be in injection moulding, extrusion or co-extrusion. Co-extruded laminates comprising a cap layer of the composition are also described.
The present invention relates to a process for the production of methyl methacrylate. The process of the present invention comprises the steps of: a) providing a microorganism in a fermentation medium, under conditions which said microorganism will produce a C3-C12 methacrylate ester; b) providing an organic phase in contact with the fermentation medium, said organic phase including C3-C12 methacrylate ester in a higher concentration than that in the fermentation medium; c) removing organic phase containing the said C3-C12 methacrylate ester from contact with the fermentation medium; and d) transesterifying the removed C3-C12 methacrylate ester with methanol, optionally after separation from the organic phase, to produce methyl methacrylate.
A process for the production of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, preferably an α,ß ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is described. The process takes place by the reaction of formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid ester in the presence of a basic metal methyl carbonate co-reactant, wherein the process produces a second basic metal salt and wherein the process includes the step of contacting the second basic metal salt with: a)carbon dioxide (CO2) and optionally, methanol, and/or b)dimethyl carbonate, to regenerate the basic metal methyl carbonate co-reactant. The invention includes use of carbon dioxide and/or dimethyl carbonate to regenerate a basic metal methyl carbonate.
C07C 67/343 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par modification de la partie acide de l'ester sans introduction d'un groupe ester par modification de la taille du squelette carboné par augmentation du nombre d'atomes de carbone
There is described a composition for synthetic stone. The composition having (a) 3 to 25wt % acrylic resin, the acrylic resin having:- (i) >50 upto 95 wt% methyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate monomer residues, (ii) 4 to 40wt% higher boiling point mono(alk)acrylate monomer, (iii) optionally, 0 to 10 wt% other acrylate or vinyl comonomer residues, and(iv) a crosslinking agent. The MMA residues of component (a)(i) are present in the acrylic resin in the form of a MMA residue containing (co)polymer, comprising at least 80% residues of MMA by weight of the (co)polymer. The composition further having (b) 70 to 95 wt% filler; and (c) optionally, a coupling agent. The composition being especially useful for the manufacture of synthetic stone for use in outdoor applications.
The invention relates to a process of producing methacrylic acid and/or derivatives thereof comprising the following steps: (a) biologically converting isobutyryl-CoA into methacrylyl-CoA by the action of an oxidase; and (b) converting methacrylyl-CoA into methacrylic acid and/or derivatives thereof. The invention also extends to microorganisms adapted to conduct the steps of the process.
The present invention relates to a process for the production of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester, preferably α,ß ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters, by the liquid phase reaction of formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a non-cyclic carboxylic acid ester in the presence of a basic metal salt.
C07C 67/343 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par modification de la partie acide de l'ester sans introduction d'un groupe ester par modification de la taille du squelette carboné par augmentation du nombre d'atomes de carbone
C07C 51/353 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par modification de la taille du squelette carboné
A method of preventing polymer tar build-up in ACH production of MAA and/or MMA is described. The method is characterised in that one or more surfactants are contacted with the hydrolysis and optional esterification stage reaction medium, the said surfactants are selected from: a) C10 to C30 alcohol ethoxylates with an average of 5 to 100 ethylene oxide units per molecule; b) alkyl, hydrogen, -O-[CH2CH2O]xH and/or -O-[CH2CH2 CH2O]x H N-substituted alkylene di- or triamines with an average of 1 to 30 total ethylene oxide and propylene oxide repeating units per molecule and wherein x and x' are from 1 to 30; and c) C10 to C30 alcohol ethoxylate, propoxylates with an average of 5 to 100 total propylene oxide and ethylene oxide units per molecule, which units may be in a random, block or alternating sequence or may be a combination thereof. The method is particularly useful for preventing build-up of oligomer and polymer tar-like deposits in reaction vessels, process equipment, pipework or other parts of the acetone cyanohydrin MMA and MAA production process.
C01B 17/92 - Récupération à partir de goudrons acides ou produits similaires
C07C 67/20 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par conversion d'un groupe contenant de l'azote dans un groupe ester à partir d'amides ou de lactames
C11D 1/83 - Mélanges de composés non ioniques et anioniques
14.
A PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF METHACRYLIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF
The present invention provides a process for the biological production of the key industrial chemical methacrylic acid and various derivatives thereof including methyl methacrylate. The method comprises using biological pathways to produce mesaconic acid or citraconic acid or citramalic acid, which acids are then decarboxylated to produce methacrylic acid. The acids are substantially non-toxic to cells allowing a viable biobased route to key monomers to be realised. Therefore the invention potentially alleviates the problem of using fossil fuel resources in that it provides an alternative method to form methacrylic acid.
C12M 1/00 - Appareillage pour l'enzymologie ou la microbiologie
C12N 15/63 - Introduction de matériel génétique étranger utilisant des vecteurs; Vecteurs; Utilisation d'hôtes pour ceux-ci; Régulation de l'expression
The present invention provides a moisture-reactive hot melt adhesive composition. The composition comprises: (a)urethane prepolymer, derived from at least one polyol and at least one polyisocyanate, and having free isocyanate groups effective to cure the composition in the presence of moisture; and (b)acrylic(co)polymer, wherein the acrylic (co)polymer comprises one or more residues of an (alk)acrylate (co)monomer of formula (I) wherein the group R contains at least one cyclic, tertiary or quaternary carbon,R is attached to the group -C(O)O-via a cyclic or tertiary carbon atom and wherein R' is a hydrogen or an alkyl group. The invention extends to use of an acrylic (co)polymer in a moisture reactive hot melt adhesive composition as a stringing reducing agent; a substrate comprising the moisture reactive hot melt adhesive composition; and a method of bonding materials together with the composition.
C08G 18/10 - Procédés mettant en œuvre un prépolymère impliquant la réaction d'isocyanates ou d'isothiocyanates avec des composés contenant des hydrogènes actifs, dans une première étape réactionnelle
C08F 120/04 - Acides; Leurs sels métalliques ou leurs sels d'ammonium
C08F 220/18 - Esters des alcools ou des phénols monohydriques des phénols ou des alcools contenant plusieurs atomes de carbone avec l'acide acrylique ou l'acide méthacrylique
A process for the production of an alkyl methacrylate, particularly methyl methacrylate, is provided, in which a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase enzyme is used to convert an alkylisopropenylketone substrate to the relevant alkyl methacrylate by abnormal asymmetric oxygen insertion. The invention provides a biobased route to key industrial monomers in particular for the generation of polymers such as poly methyl methacrylate.
C07C 67/42 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par oxydation des groupes précurseurs de la partie acide de l'ester d'alcools secondaires ou de cétones
A process for regenerating a silica-supported depleted alkali metal catalyst is described. The level of alkali metal on the depleted catalyst is at least 0.5 mol% and the silica support is a zero-gel. The process comprises the steps of contacting the silica supported depleted alkali metal catalyst with a solution of a salt of the alkali metal in a solvent system that has a polar organic solvent as the majority component. A re-impregnated catalyst prepared by the process of the invention any comprising a silicazero-gel support and a catalytic metal selected from an alkali metal in the range 0.5-5 mol % on the catalyst, wherein the surface area of the silica support is <180m2/g is also described. The invention is applicable to a process for preparing an ethylenically unsaturated acid or ester comprising contacting an alkanoic acid or ester of the formula R1-CH2-COOR3, with formaldehyde or a suitable source of formaldehyde.
A process of producing methyl methacrylate or derivatives thereof is described. The process includes the steps of; (i) converting 2-butanone to methyl propionate using a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase, and (ii) treating the methyl propionate produced to obtain methyl methacrylate or derivatives thereof. A method of preparing polymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate or its derivatives is also described.
A process for the production of methacrylic acid or esters thereof by the base catalysed decarboxylation of at least one dicarboxylic acid selected from itaconic, citraconic or mesaconic acid or mixtures thereof in an aqueous reaction medium is described. The decarboxylation is carried out at a temperature in the range from 200°C and up to 239°C. The methacrylic acid is isolated from the aqueous reaction medium by a purification process which does not include introducing an organic solvent to the aqueous reaction medium for solvent extraction of the methacrylic acid into an organic phase. A method of preparing polymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters is also described.
C08F 20/06 - Acide acrylique; Acide méthacrylique; Leurs sels métalliques ou leurs sels d'ammonium
C07C 51/38 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par hydrogénolyse de groupes fonctionnels par décarboxylation
20.
A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHACRYLIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND POLYMERS PRODUCED THEREFROM
A process for the production of methacrylic acid by the base catalysed decarboxylation of at least one dicarboxylic acid selected from itaconic, citraconic or mesaconic acid or mixtures thereof is described. The decarboxylation is carried out at a temperature in the range from 100 to 199°C. A method of preparing polymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters is also described.
C07C 51/38 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par hydrogénolyse de groupes fonctionnels par décarboxylation
A hardenable two part acrylic composition is described. The composition comprises a storage stable liquid first part and a storage stable liquid second part which react with each other upon mixing to form a cement which hardens. The composition further comprises an acrylic monomer component and an amount of initiator component to polymerise the monomer component. The monomer component and the initiator component are generally located in separate parts of the two part composition so that the monomer component is storage stable. The liquid first part comprises emulsion polymerized acrylic polymer particles in a liquid carrier. A method of producing a hardenable two part acrylic composition is also described. The composition is particularly useful in a syringe or caulking gun having at least two barrels.
C08L 33/12 - Homopolymères ou copolymères du méthacrylate de méthyle
C04B 28/02 - Compositions pour mortiers, béton ou pierre artificielle, contenant des liants inorganiques ou contenant le produit de réaction d'un liant inorganique et d'un liant organique, p.ex. contenant des ciments de polycarboxylates contenant des ciments hydrauliques autres que ceux de sulfate de calcium
B05C 17/00 - Outils à main ou appareils utilisant des outils tenus à la main pour appliquer ou étaler des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides sur des surfaces, pour enlever partiellement des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides des surfaces
22.
DEHYDRATION OF WATER CONTAINING SOURCE OF FORMALDEHYDE, AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ESTER
The present invention provides a method for dehydration of a water containing source of formaldehyde having an excellent dehydration performance, and a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester using a dehydrated source of formaldehyde obtained by this dehydration. The present invention provides a method for dehydration of a water containing source of formaldehyde wherein water is separated from the water containing source of formaldehyde containing formaldehyde and water using a zeolite membrane; and a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester by reaction with carboxylic acid ester using a dehydrated source of formaldehyde obtained by this dehydration.
The present invention provides a method for dehydration of a water containing source of formaldehyde having an excellent dehydration performance, and a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester using a dehydrated source of formaldehyde. The present invention provides a method for dehydration of a water containing source of formaldehyde wherein water is separated from the water containing source of formaldehyde containing formaldehyde and water using a zeolite membrane wherein the water containing source of formaldehyde comprises a separation enhancer having a relative static permittivity of between 2.5 and 20 and wherein the water containing source of formaldehyde further contains methanol. The invention extends to a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester by reaction with carboxylic acid ester using a dehydrated source of formaldehyde obtained by a dehydration wherein water is separated from the water containing source of formaldehyde containing formaldehyde and water using a zeolite membrane.
A method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated, typically,an α, ß ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester is described. The method comprises the steps of contacting formaldehyde, or a source of formaldehyde, with a carboxylic acid or ester in the presence of a catalyst and optionally in the presence of an alcohol. The catalyst comprises barium phosphate leaf or plate shaped/like crystals, or a source thereof.A catalyst system is also described. The catalyst system comprises a crystalline barium phosphate catalyst and optionally a catalyst support.
C07C 67/343 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par modification de la partie acide de l'ester sans introduction d'un groupe ester par modification de la taille du squelette carboné par augmentation du nombre d'atomes de carbone
C07C 51/353 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par modification de la taille du squelette carboné
25.
A CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE CARBONYLATION OF ETHYLENE
A continuous process for the production of an alkyl ester product is described. The process comprises the steps of carbonylating ethylene with carbon monoxide in the presence of C1-6 alkanol co-reactant to form the alkyl ester product. The carbonylation takes place in the presence of a catalyst system comprising; a. a bidentate ligand, b. a catalytic metal selected from a group 8, 9 or 10 metal or a compound thereof, and c. a sulphonic acid capable of forming an acid alkyl ester with the C1-6 alkanol. The process includes the step of separating the alkyl ester product from a carbonylated crude product stream by treatment effective to vaporise the alkyl ester product in a single stage flash distillation column and provide a purified alkyl ester product stream separated from the bidentate ligand and catalytic metal. The distillation column includes further separation means effective to provide further separation of the product.
C07C 67/38 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone ou des formiates par addition à une liaison non saturée carbone-carbone
C07C 69/24 - Esters d'acides acycliques monocarboxyliques saturés dont le groupe carboxyle est lié à un atome de carbone acyclique ou à l'hydrogène avec au moins trois atomes de carbone dans la partie acide estérifiés par des composés monohydroxylés
A method of extracting (meth)acrylic acid from an aqueous reaction medium into an organic phase in contact therewith is described. The aqueous reaction medium is formed from at least one base catalyst and at least one dicarboxylic acid selected from maleic, fumaric, malic, itaconic, citraconic, mesaconic, and citramalic acid or mixtures thereof in aqueous solution and contains the base catalysed decarboxylation products of the base catalysed reaction. The method includes either the addition of at least one of the said dicarboxylic acids and/or a pre-cursor thereof to the aqueous reaction medium to enhance the solvent extraction of the (meth)acrylic acid into the organic solvent or maintaining the level of base catalyst to dicarboxylic acid and/or pre-cursor at a sub-stoichiometric level during the extraction process. The method extends to a process of producing (meth)acrylic acid, its esters and polymers and copolymers thereof.
C07C 51/38 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par hydrogénolyse de groupes fonctionnels par décarboxylation
A process for the production of methacrylic acid is described. The process comprises the base catalysed decarboxylation of at least one or a mixture of dicarboxylic acids selected from itaconic, citraconic or mesaconic acid. The decarboxylation is carried out in the range greater than 240 and up to 275°C to provide high selectivity. The methacrylic acid product may be esterified to produce an ester. A method of preparing polymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters using the process is also described. Optionally, the process may be preceded with a decarboxylation and, if necessary, a dehydration step on a source of pre-acid such as citric acid or isocitric acid.
C07C 51/38 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par hydrogénolyse de groupes fonctionnels par décarboxylation
C08L 33/06 - Homopolymères ou copolymères des esters d'esters ne contenant que du carbone, de l'hydrogène et de l'oxygène, l'oxygène, faisant uniquement partie du radical carboxyle
28.
A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OR ESTERS AND A CATALYST THEREFOR
A method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester such as (meth) acrylic acid or alkyl esters thereof, for example, methyl methacrylate is described. The process comprises the steps of contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester, for example, propionic acid or alkyl esters thereof in the presence of a catalyst and optionally an alcohol. The catalyst comprises group II metal phosphate crystals having rod or needle like morphology or a suitable source thereof. The phosphate may be a hydroxyapatite, pyrophosphate, hydroxyphosphate, PO42-phosphate or mixtures thereof. The group II metal may be selected from Ca, Sr, Ba or mixtures thereof, for example, strontium hydroxyapatite and calcium hydroxyapatite. A catalyst system comprising a crystalline metal phosphate catalyst and a catalyst support is also described. The metal phosphate has rod/needle like morphology.
C07C 51/377 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par hydrogénolyse de groupes fonctionnels
29.
A MIXED OXIDE CATALYST AND A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OR ESTERS
The invention relates to a catalyst for the reaction of formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester to produce an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester. The catalyst comprises a metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations, M1 and M2. M1 is at least one metal selected from group 3 or 4 in the 4th to 6th periods of the periodic table, group 13 in the 3rd to 5th periods of the periodic table, or the remaining elements in the lanthanide series and M2 is at least one metal selected from group 5 in the 5th or 6th periods of the periodic table or group 15 in the 4th or 5th periods of the periodic table. The invention extends to a process to produce an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester.
C07C 51/353 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par modification de la taille du squelette carboné
C07C 67/343 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par modification de la partie acide de l'ester sans introduction d'un groupe ester par modification de la taille du squelette carboné par augmentation du nombre d'atomes de carbone
The invention relates to a method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester, preferably an α, β ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester. The method includes contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester in the presence of a catalyst and optionally in the presence of an alcohol. The catalyst comprises a nitrided metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations, M1 and M2, wherein M1 is selected from the metals of group 2, 3, 4, 13 (called also IIIA) or 14 (called also IVA) of the periodic table and M2 is selected from the metals of groups 5 or 15 (called also VA) of the periodic table. The invention extends to a catalyst system.
B01J 21/02 - Bore ou aluminium; Leurs oxydes ou hydroxydes
B01J 21/06 - Silicium, titane, zirconium ou hafnium; Leurs oxydes ou hydroxydes
B01J 23/02 - Catalyseurs contenant des métaux, oxydes ou hydroxydes métalliques non prévus dans le groupe des métaux alcalins ou alcalino-terreux ou du béryllium
B01J 23/08 - Catalyseurs contenant des métaux, oxydes ou hydroxydes métalliques non prévus dans le groupe du gallium, de l'indium ou du thallium
B01J 23/12 - Catalyseurs contenant des métaux, oxydes ou hydroxydes métalliques non prévus dans le groupe des actinides
B01J 23/14 - Catalyseurs contenant des métaux, oxydes ou hydroxydes métalliques non prévus dans le groupe du germanium, de l'étain ou du plomb
C07C 51/353 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par modification de la taille du squelette carboné
C07C 67/343 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par modification de la partie acide de l'ester sans introduction d'un groupe ester par modification de la taille du squelette carboné par augmentation du nombre d'atomes de carbone
A novel bidentate ligand of general formula (I) is described together with a process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds. The group X1 may be defined as a univalent hydrocarbyl radical of up to 30 atoms containing at least one nitrogen atom having a pKb in dilute aqueous solution at 18°C of between 4 and 14 wherein the said at least one nitrogen atom is separated from the Q2 atom by between 1 and 3 carbon atoms. The group X2 is defined as X1, X3 or X4 or represents a univalent radical of up to 30 atoms having at least one primary, secondary or aromatic ring carbon atom wherein each said univalent radical is joined via said at least one primary, secondary or aromatic ring carbon atom(s) respectively to the respective atom Q2. Q1 and Q2 each independently represent phosphorus, arsenic or antimony.
B01J 31/04 - Catalyseurs contenant des hydrures, des complexes de coordination ou des composés organiques contenant des composés organiques ou des hydrures métalliques contenant des acides carboxyliques ou leurs sels
Amethod of producing a compound of formula (i): wherein R = H or CH3 the method comprising exposing a source of a compound of formula (ii) to reaction conditions of temperature and pressure: formula (ii) wherein R is defined as above wherein, when R = CH3, the source of a compound of formula (ii) is exposed to reaction conditions of temperature and pressure while being in a liquid phase.
C07C 51/38 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par hydrogénolyse de groupes fonctionnels par décarboxylation
C07C 67/08 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par réaction d'acides carboxyliques ou d'anhydrides symétriques avec le groupe hydroxyle ou O-métal de composés organiques
A method of increasing the TON of a catalyst system for the monocarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds using carbon monoxide in the presence of a co- reactant, other than water or a source thereof, having a mobile hydrogen atom is described. The catalyst system is obtainable by combining: (a) a metal of Group (8, 9) or (10) or a suitable compound thereof; (b) a ligand of general formula (I) wherein the groups X3 and X4 independently represent univalent radicals of up to 30 atoms or X3 and X4 together form a bivalent radical of up to 40 atoms and X5 has up to 400 atoms; Q1 represents phosphorus, arsenic or antimony; and c) optionally, a source of anions. The method includes the step of adding water or a source thereof to the catalyst system. The method is preferably carried out in the presence of an electropositive metal.
C07C 45/49 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes C=O liés uniquement à des atomes de carbone ou d'hydrogène; Préparation des chélates de ces composés par réaction avec le monoxyde de carbone
C07C 67/38 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone ou des formiates par addition à une liaison non saturée carbone-carbone
34.
A CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE CARBONYLATION OF ETHYLENE
A continuous process for carbonylation of ethylene in a liquid phase using carbon monoxide, a co-reactant and a suitable catalyst system is described. The process comprises the steps of: (i) forming a liquid phase comprising the co-reactant and a suitable catalyst system obtainable by combining: (a) a group VIII metal/compound; (b) a ligand of general formula (I) and c) optionally, a source of anions; wherein Q1 is optionally phosphorous; (ii) forming a gaseous phase in contact with the liquid phase by providing at least an ethylene gas input feed stream and a carbon monoxide gas input feed stream wherein the ethylene:CO molar ratio entering the liquid phase from the input feed streams is greater than 2:1; (iii) reacting ethylene with carbon monoxide in the presence of the co-reactant, and of the suitable catalyst system in the liquid phase; wherein the ethylene:CO gas molar ratio in the gaseous phase is between 20:1 and 1000:1 or wherein the molar ratio of ethylene:CO in the liquid phase is greater than 10:1.
C07C 67/38 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone ou des formiates par addition à une liaison non saturée carbone-carbone
C07C 69/24 - Esters d'acides acycliques monocarboxyliques saturés dont le groupe carboxyle est lié à un atome de carbone acyclique ou à l'hydrogène avec au moins trois atomes de carbone dans la partie acide estérifiés par des composés monohydroxylés
35.
PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AN ION EXCHANGE RESIN
A process for the reactivation of an acidic ion exchange resin is described. The invention relates to the treatment of an at least partially deactivated resin which has been deactivated by contact with an impure ethylenically unsaturated acid or ester containing target impurities. The reactivation includes the step of contacting the at least partially deactivated resin with an alcohol to thereby increase the activity thereof. The invention extends to reactivating a resin deactivated by contact with an impure ethylenically unsaturated acid, ester or nitrile containing target impurities by contacting the at least partially deactivated resin with an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to thereby increase the activity thereof. A reactivated resin and a process for preparing and purifying an ethylenically unsaturated acid or ester of the following formula:- R1-C(=(CH2) m) -COOR2 are also described.
B01J 49/00 - Régénération ou réactivation des échangeurs d'ions; Appareillage à cet effet
C07C 67/343 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par modification de la partie acide de l'ester sans introduction d'un groupe ester par modification de la taille du squelette carboné par augmentation du nombre d'atomes de carbone
C07C 51/353 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par des réactions ne créant pas de groupes carboxyle par modification de la taille du squelette carboné
A process for purifying methyl methacrylate (MMA) is described. The process involves contacting liquid MMA having impurities therein with a sulphonic acid resin, in the presence of formaldehyde or a suitable source of methylene or ethylene of formula I. R5 and R6 are independently selected from C1-C12 hydrocarbons or H; X is either O or S; n is an integer from, 1 to 100; and m is 1 or 2: The compound of formula I may be suitable source of formaldehyde.
The invention relates to a hardenable two part acrylic composition, a polymer component of the two part hardenable composition and a method of producing a polymer component of the two part composition. The hardenable two part acrylic composition comprises an acrylic polymer composition first part and an acrylic monomer composition second part. The acrylic polymer composition first part comprises a first type of acrylic polymer particles characterized in that each first type of acrylic polymer particle is formed of a network of coalesced emulsion polymerized acrylic microparticlesor is microporous. The acrylic polymer composition may comprise emulsion polymerised acrylic polymer particles of particle size between 10 and 2000nm.The invention also extends to the use of acrylic polymer particles formed of a network of coalesced emulsion polymerized acrylic microparticles as a dough time reduction agent in a hardenable two part acrylic composition.
C08F 265/06 - Polymérisation d'esters acryliques ou méthacryliques sur des polymères de ces esters
C08F 265/04 - Composés macromoléculaires obtenus par polymérisation de monomères sur des polymères d'acides monocarboxyliques non saturés ou de leurs dérivés tels que définis dans le groupe sur des polymères d'esters
C08L 33/00 - Compositions contenant des homopolymères ou des copolymères de composés possédant un ou plusieurs radicaux aliphatiques non saturés, chacun ne contenant qu'une seule liaison double carbone-carbone et un seul étant terminé par un seul radical carboxyl; Compositions contenant des dérivés de tels polymères
A61L 24/06 - Adhésifs ou ciments chirurgicaux; Adhésifs pour dispositifs de colostomie contenant des matériaux macromoléculaires obtenus par des réactions faisant intervenir uniquement des liaisons carbone-carbone non saturées
38.
PROCESS FOR THE CARBONYLATION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS, NOVEL CARBONYLATION LIGANDS AND CATALYST SYSTEMS INCORPORATING SUCH LIGANDS
A novel bidentate catalytic ligand of general formula (I) is described. R represents a hydrocarbyl aromatic structure having at least one aromatic ring to which Q 1 and Q 2 are each linked, via the respective linking group, if present, on available adjacent atoms of the at least one aromatic ring. The groups X 3 and X 4 represent radicals joined via tertiary carbon atoms to the respective atom Q 1 and the groups X 1 and X 2 represent radicals joined via primary, or substituted aromatic ring carbon atom(s) to the respective atom Q 2. A and B represent an optional lower alkylene linking group. Q 1 and Q 2 each represent phosphorus, arsenic or antimony. A process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising reacting the compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a source of hydroxyl groups, optionally, a source of anions and catalyst system obtainable by combining a metal of Group 8, 9 or 10 or a compound thereof and the bidentate ligand of general formula (I) is also described.
A production process for the manufacture of ethylenically unsaturated acids or esters thereof is described. The process includes the steps of reaction of an alkanoic acid, or ester of an alkanoic acid, of the formula R3-CH2- COOR4 where R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, in the presence of a catalyst system to produce an ethylenically unsaturated acid or ester product. The process is characterised in that the acid or ester product is subsequently contacted with a dienophile t o thereby remove discolouration theref rom. An ethylenically unsaturated acid or ester crude product purification process is also described.
A process for the carbonylation of an ethylenically unsaturated compound comprising the step of reacting said compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a co- 5 reactant having a mobile hydrogen atom and a catalyst system is described. The catalyst system is obtainable by combining: (a) a metal of Group 8, 9 or 10 or a suitable compound thereof; (b) a ligand of general formula (I): and c) optionally, a source of anions. The invention is characterised in that the catalyst system includes an enhancer compound comprising an aromatic ring or ring system substituted by at least one hydroxyl group wherein the hydroxyl group pKa at 25°C is greater than 3.0 and less than 9.1, the said enhancer compound excluding 3- quinolinol. Catalyst systems for use with the enhancer compound are described as are a method of increasing the efficacy of a catalyst system for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds and a method of increasing the rate of carbonylation of an ethylenically unsaturated compound comprising the step of adding such a compound to the reaction.
C07C 51/41 - Préparation de sels d'acides carboxyliques par conversion de ces acides ou de leurs sels en sels ayant la même partie acide carboxylique
C07C 67/38 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone ou des formiates par addition à une liaison non saturée carbone-carbone
C07C 231/12 - Préparation d'amides d'acides carboxyliques par des réactions n'impliquant pas la formation de groupes carboxamide
A composition comprising a mixture of: (i) an aromatic polycarbonate; (ii) a graft copolymer including polyacrylonitrile; and, (iii) a non-crosslinked acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of less than or equal to 65,000 Daltons (Da).
C08L 69/00 - Compositions contenant des polycarbonates; Compositions contenant des dérivés des polycarbonates
C08F 220/18 - Esters des alcools ou des phénols monohydriques des phénols ou des alcools contenant plusieurs atomes de carbone avec l'acide acrylique ou l'acide méthacrylique
A process for the carbonylation of a conjugated diene is described. The process comprises the steps of reacting a conjugated diene with carbon monoxide and a co-reactant having an active hydrogen in the presence of a solvent system and a catalyst system. The solvent system comprises a an aromatic carboxylic acid or, under some conditions, any carboxylic acid. The catalyst system is obtainable by combining: a. a metal of Group 8, 9 or 10 or a compound thereof: and b. a bidentate ligand of general formula (I) X1(X2)- Q2 - A - R- B - Q1 - X3(X4) (I) A and B each independently represent lower alkylene linking groups; R represents a cyclic hydrocarbyl structure to which Q1 and Q2 are linked, via the said linking group, on available adjacent cyclic atoms of the cyclic hydrocarbyl structure; the groups X1, X2, X3 and X4 independently represent univalent radicals of up to 30 atoms having at least one tertiary carbon atom or X1 and X2 and/or X3 and X4 together form a bivalent radical of up to 40 atoms having at least two tertiary carbon atoms wherein each said univalent or bivalent radical is joined via said at least one or two tertiary carbon atoms respectively to the appropriate atom Q1 or Q2; Q1 and Q2 each independently represent phosphorus, arsenic or 120 antimony; and, optionally, a source of anions. When the ratio of bidentate ligand : group 8, 9 or 10 metal is greater than 10:1 (mol:mol), the reaction proceeds with any carboxylic acid.
C07C 51/14 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone sur une liaison non saturée carbone-carbone d'un composé organique
C07C 67/37 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone ou des formiates obtenus par réaction d'éthers avec l'oxyde de carbone
43.
NOVEL CARBONYLATION LIGANDS AND THEIR USE IN THE CARBONYLATION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
Novel bidentate ligands of general formula (I) are described Formula (I): R represents a hydrocarbyl aromatic structure. The substituent(s) Yx on the aromatic structure has a total X=1-n ΣtYx of atoms other than hydrogen such that x-1-nΣtYx is ≥ 4, where n is the total number of substituent(s) Yx and tYx represents the total number of atoms other than hydrogen on a particular substituent Yx. The groups X1, X2, X3 and X4 are joined to Q1 or Q2 via tertiary carbon atoms to the respective atom Q1 or Q2; and Q1 and Q2 each independently represent phosphorus, arsenic or antimony. A catalyst system and a process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds utilising the catalyst system is also described.
C07F 15/00 - Composés contenant des éléments des groupes 8, 9, 10 ou 18 de la classification périodique
C07F 17/02 - Metallocènes de métaux des groupes 8, 9 ou 10 de la classification périodique
C07C 67/31 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par modification de la partie acide de l'ester sans introduction d'un groupe ester par introduction de groupes fonctionnels avec de l'oxygène lié uniquement par liaison simple
44.
PRODUCTION OF AMINES BY CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
A process for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and/or derivatives, particularly amides, is described. The process includes reacting an acid or derivative such as an amide with a source of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system. The catalyst system obtainable by combining: (a) a source of ruthenium, and (b) a phosphine compound of general Formula I: (Formula I). The hydrogenation reaction is carried out in the presence of a low concentration of water or at low pressure or in the presence of a source of ammonia or the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in the absence of water or a combination of these factors is utilised. The invention also relates to the use of ammonia in the production of primary amines by hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof or a process for the production of primary amines generally.
C07C 29/149 - Préparation de composés comportant des groupes hydroxyle ou O-métal liés à un atome de carbone ne faisant pas partie d'un cycle aromatique à six chaînons par réduction d'un groupe fonctionnel contenant de l'oxygène de groupes contenant C=O, p.ex. —COOH d'acides carboxyliques ou de leurs dérivés avec de l'hydrogène ou des gaz contenant de l'hydrogène
C07C 209/46 - Préparation de composés contenant des groupes amino liés à un squelette carboné par réduction d'acides carboxyliques ou de leurs esters en présence d'ammoniac ou d'amines ou par réduction de nitriles, d'amides d'acides carboxyliques, d'imines ou d'imino-éthers par réduction d'acides carboxyliques ou de leurs esters en présence d'ammoniac ou d'amines
C07C 209/50 - Préparation de composés contenant des groupes amino liés à un squelette carboné par réduction d'acides carboxyliques ou de leurs esters en présence d'ammoniac ou d'amines ou par réduction de nitriles, d'amides d'acides carboxyliques, d'imines ou d'imino-éthers par réduction d'amides d'acides carboxyliques
C07C 211/07 - Monoamines contenant un, deux ou trois groupes alkyle, chacun ayant le même nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à trois
A polymeric composition comprising a polymer matrix derived from one or more polymerisable monomers and including particles comprising an inorganic oxide and having a weight average particle size of less than or equal to 400 nm contained therein, wherein said polymeric composition is obtainable by polymerising a polymerisable mixture comprising said one or more polymerisable monomers of the polymer matrix in the presence of said particles and a dispersing agent comprising an ethylenically unsaturated compound.
A mixing apparatus (100) for mixing at least two fluids, the mixing apparatus (100) comprising a shaft (120) rotatable about its longitudinal axis (121), a first (122) and a second (124) radially extending impeller mounted on the shaft (120) and respectively axially spaced apart, characterised in that the first impeller (122) comprises a plurality of curved blades (125) operable to move said fluids in an axial direction towards the second impeller (124), and the second impeller (124) comprises a plurality of curved blades (125) operable to move said fluids in an axial direction towards the first impeller (122).
B01F 3/04 - Mélange, p.ex. dispersion, émulsion, selon les phases à mélanger de gaz ou de vapeurs avec des liquides
B01F 7/00 - Mélangeurs à agitateurs tournant dans des récipients fixes; Pétrins
C07C 51/14 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone sur une liaison non saturée carbone-carbone d'un composé organique
B01J 19/18 - Réacteurs fixes avec éléments internes mobiles
47.
METAL COMPLEXES FOR USE IN THE CARBONYLATION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
The invention concerns metal complexes and their preparation, in particular a metal complex MLnXm, where M is a metal of group 8, 9 or 10 and X is a halide, HCO3-, NO3-, CO32- or carboxylate. n is a number equal to or less than the coordination number of the metal and m is 1 or 2 and is equal to the oxidation state of the metal. The ligand L may be a bidentate phosphine of formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV) as set out herein. The process of production comprises reacting an ammine compound of metal M with a complexing compound, which is preferably a phosphine.
C07C 51/14 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone sur une liaison non saturée carbone-carbone d'un composé organique
C07C 67/38 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone ou des formiates par addition à une liaison non saturée carbone-carbone
C07F 15/00 - Composés contenant des éléments des groupes 8, 9, 10 ou 18 de la classification périodique
48.
CARBONYLATION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
A process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds including vinyl esters and a process for the production of 3-hydroxy propanoate esters or acids. The process comprises reacting said compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a source of hydroxyl groups and of a catalyst system. The catalyst system is obtainable by combining: (a) a metal of Group 8, 9 or 10 or a compound thereof: and (b) a bidentate ligand of general formula (I): X1(X2)- Q2 - A - R- B - Q1 - X3(X4).
A continuous carbonylation process for high turnover carbonylation, and a carbonylation reaction medium and product stream thereof . The process comprises carbonylating an ethylenically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a source of hydroxyl groups and a catalyst system. The catalyst system comprising: (a) a bidentate phosphine, arsine or stibine ligand; and (b) a catalytic metal selected from a group VIB or group VIIIB metal or a compound thereof . The catalytically active concentration of said catalytic metal, measured as the ACCF (product Kg . hr-1. Dm-3 ) , is maintained at less than 0.5.
C07C 51/14 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides par réaction avec du monoxyde de carbone sur une liaison non saturée carbone-carbone d'un composé organique
An embedment casting composition and a process of embedding a specimen in an acrylic polymer matrix is described. The composition comprises an acrylic copolymer and a suitable solvent. The acrylic copolymer is derived from 80-99 % w/w methyl methacrylate, 0.1-10 % w/w of a C3-C10 olefinically unsaturated acid co-monomer selected from carboxylic, phophonic, sulphonic or phosphinic acids and 0-10 % w/w other suitable monomers and/or additives. A process of embedding a specimen in an acrylic polymer matrix, a cast of an embedded metal specimen, the use of an embedment composition for coating a specimen prior to an embedment coating process and use of an embedment composition as the copolymer resin component of an embedment slurry are also described.
An acrylic polymeric composition comprising a melt blend of a thermoplastic high molecular weight acrylic material (HMWA) and a thermoplastic low molecular weight acrylic material (LMWA) is described. At least 70% w/w of the HMWA and the LMWA comprises an alkyl (alk) acrylate ( co) polymer. The HMWA has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of between 40k Daltons and 1000k Daltons and the LMWA has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of between the entanglement molecular weight (Me) (expressed in k Daltons) and 250k Daltons. A method of producing an acrylic polymeric composition and the use of an acrylic polymeric composition are described together with thick section moulded products .
brevets