A method of producing sodium hydroxide from the waste water stream of the production process of fibre pulp, which stream comprises organic waste and sodium bound to it. According to the present method, the waste water stream is concentrated and then burnt under oxidising conditions, in order to break up the organic waste and the sodium compounds. According to the present invention, borate or a compound which forms borate, is added into the waste water stream, after which the sodium compounds are brought to an autocausticising reaction. The reaction is carried out at a temperature which is high enough to evaporate the sodium and the sodium is mainly in oxide form. The, at least partial, conversion of sodium carbonate into sodium hydroxide, according to the present invention, improves the usability of the alkali which is recovered for instance by using the Alrec process, which, in turn, lowers the costs of chemicals and reduces the energy consumption required for the defϊbring of wood chips, which is subsequent to impregnation.
The invention is directed to a method of producing sodium hydroxide from an effluent stream of a fibre pulp production process. The effluent stream comprises organic waste and sodium compounds which are bound to said organic waste. The method comprises concentrating the effluent stream, incorporating into the effluent stream borate or a compound which forms borate either before or after the concentration step, burning the concentrated effluent stream in oxidizing conditions in a two step process to produce a solid residue, and dissolving the residue in water. The two step burning process comprises subjecting the concentrated effluent stream to a temperature at or above 1000°C to cause an autocausticising reaction followed by a rapid cooling stage to a temperature at or below 600°C to desublimate the gaseous sodium reaction products directly into a solid phase.
A method of manufacturing a multilayer fibrous product. The product comprises at least two overlapping layers, each of which has a different fiber composition, and in the production of the product, chemical short stock is used at least partly. In the method, short stock is brought to a screening stage where fines, which pass a screen having an average hole size of 0.2-1.5 mm, are separated from it, in order to prepare at least two fiber fractions having different fiber compositions, and the fractions generated are recovered and included in different layers of the same fibrous product. With the invention, it is possible to screen an initial material and form a product which has better properties than a corresponding product, the initial material pulp of which has only been refined.
D21H 27/38 - Papier particulier non prévu ailleurs, p.ex. obtenu par des procédés multi-étapes à plusieurs jets au moins une des feuilles ayant une composition fibreuse différente de celle des autres feuilles
4.
WHITE, BRILLIANT WHITE AND COLOURED TRANSPARENT PAPERS COMPRISING SECONDARY OR POSTCONSUMER WASTE FIBRES (PCW FIBRES) IN PROPORTIONS UP TO 100%
The present invention relates to a transparent paper which is characterized in that the transparent paper contains secondary fibres. It furthermore relates to the use of secondary fibres for the production of transparent papers and to a process for the production thereof.
Method for the production of mechanical or chemi-mechanical pulp as raw material for paper or cardboard. According to this method, the pulp is fibrillated and the fibrillated pulp is bleached in alkaline conditions. According to the present invention, the pulp is screened to separate the reject from the accept, at maximum approximately 60% of the total amount of pulp is separated as the reject, the reject is bleached separate from the accept, and, after that, the bleached reject is remixed with the accept. When operating according to the present invention, the strength of the pulp increases and the energy used for refining is reduced, which is seen both in the refining of the reject and in the post-refining of the final mechanical pulp.
D21B 1/12 - Matières premières fibreuses ou leur traitement mécanique par division des matières premières en petites particules, p.ex. fibres par l'emploi de vapeur
A method of producing a stable aqueous dispersion of a latex, solid particles and a dispersing agent, comprising contacting the latex with an anionic dispersing agent to form a modified latex, feeding the modified latex and the solid particles to a zone of high shear forces, and simultaneously subjecting essentially all of the modified latex and the solid particles fed to said zone to high shear forces to form a latex-particle slurry. By means of the invention, over 60 wt-% of the latex can be adsorbed on the solids. Latex immobilization increases the surface strength of final coating layer and allows for a decrease of latex consumption in paper and cardboard and paint applications.
C08J 3/03 - Production de solutions, dispersions, latex ou gel par d'autres procédés que ceux utilisant les techniques de polymérisation en solution, en émulsion ou en suspension dans un milieux aqueux
B01F 3/12 - Mélange, p.ex. dispersion, émulsion, selon les phases à mélanger de liquides avec des solides
Method of grafting an anionic organic polymer to an organic polymer in latex form, which method comprises forming a water-based mixture of (1 ) a latex of an organic polymer, (2) an anionic organic polymer, and (3) a free radical initiator, and effecting grafting between said latex polymer and said anionic organic polymer characterized in that the anionic organic polymer is (i) an anionic homopolymer or anionic random copolymer wherein at least 50 mole % of the repeating units are repeating units that bear at least one acid group or acid salt group or (ii) a graft or block copolymer comprising a segment consisting of a anionic homopolymer or anionic random copolymer as defined in (i), and aqueous dispersion comprising graft polymer particles.
A stable aqueous dispersion, comprising a latex, an inorganic pigment and a dispersing agent dispersed in water, wherein at least 50 wt-% of the latex is adsorbed onto the inorganic particles and at least 20 wt-% of the dispersing agent is adsorbed onto the latex. It can be produced by admixing the latex with an anionic dispersing agent having a charge density of at least 14.1 meq/g to form a modified latex, admixing the inorganic pigment with the modified latex in aqueous phase to form a pigment-latex slurry, and subjecting the pigment-latex slurry to intensive mixing to form a dispersion. The novel dispersions can be used in the paper and pulp industry and in the paint industry.
C08K 3/00 - Emploi de substances inorganiques en tant qu'adjuvants
C08J 3/03 - Production de solutions, dispersions, latex ou gel par d'autres procédés que ceux utilisant les techniques de polymérisation en solution, en émulsion ou en suspension dans un milieux aqueux
C09C 3/10 - Traitement par des composés organiques macromoléculaires
B01F 3/12 - Mélange, p.ex. dispersion, émulsion, selon les phases à mélanger de liquides avec des solides
B01F 17/52 - Résines naturelles ou synthétiques ou leurs sels
D21H 19/38 - Couches contenant des pigments caractérisées par les pigments
D21H 19/44 - Couches contenant des pigments caractérisées par les autres ingrédients, p.ex. par le liant ou l'agent dispersant
Method of producing at least two different paper webs on one paper machine. According to the method during a first period of time, a first paper grade is produced and during a second period of time, a second paper grade is produced, said paper grades differing from each other with respect to their distribution of filler in direction Z. According to the invention, a filler-containing pigment slurry is applied on a wet paper web before drying and the feeding point of the pigment slurry is selected based on the desired distribution of the filler. By means of the invention, a change of quality can be achieved by changing the application point of the pigment particle suspension during the run, which provides for fast change of quality and small loss of material.
A method of manufacturing a multilayer fibrous product. The product comprises at least two overlapping layers, each of which has a different fibre composition, and in the production of the product, chemical short stock is used at least partly. In the method, short stock is brought to a screening stage where fines, which pass a screen having an average hole size of 0.2-1.5 mm, are separated from it, in order to prepare at least two fibre fractions having different fibre compositions, and the fractions generated are recovered and included in different layers of the same fibrous product. With the invention, it is possible to screen an initial material and form a product which has better properties than a corresponding product, the initial material pulp of which has only been refined.
D21H 27/38 - Papier particulier non prévu ailleurs, p.ex. obtenu par des procédés multi-étapes à plusieurs jets au moins une des feuilles ayant une composition fibreuse différente de celle des autres feuilles
D21F 11/04 - Procédés de fabrication de longueurs continues de papier ou de carton, ou de nappe humide pour la production de panneaux de fibres, sur des machines à papier du type Fourdrinier papier ou carton composé de plusieurs couches
11.
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FIBROUS PRODUCT INCORPORATING SCREENING OF FINES
A method of manufacturing a multilayer fibrous product. The product comprises at least two overlapping layers, each of which has a different fibre composition, and in the production of the product, chemical short stock is used at least partly. In the method, short stock is brought to a screening stage where fines, which pass a screen having an average hole size of 0.2-1.5 mm, are separated from it, in order to prepare at least two fibre fractions having different fibre compositions, and the fractions generated are recovered and included in different layers of the same fibrous product. With the invention, it is possible to screen an initial material and form a product which has better properties than a corresponding product, the initial material pulp of which has only been refined.
D21H 27/38 - Papier particulier non prévu ailleurs, p.ex. obtenu par des procédés multi-étapes à plusieurs jets au moins une des feuilles ayant une composition fibreuse différente de celle des autres feuilles
D21F 11/04 - Procédés de fabrication de longueurs continues de papier ou de carton, ou de nappe humide pour la production de panneaux de fibres, sur des machines à papier du type Fourdrinier papier ou carton composé de plusieurs couches
12.
CELLULOSE PARTICLES MODIFIED BY CATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES, PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION, THEREOF, AND USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE PAPER AND BOARD
The invention relates to cellulose particles modified by cationic polyelectrolytes, said cellulose particles being particles composed of regenerated cellulose, comprising molecules of a first cationic polyelectrolyte having a molecular weight of 20 000 to 500 000 g/mol, and charge density of more than 3 meq/g, and molecules of a second cationic polyelectrolyte having a molecular weight of 2 to 10 million g/mol, and charge density of between 0.5 and 3 meq/g on the outer surface thereof. The invention is further directed to a process for the preparation of said modified cellulose particles, use thereof in the manufacture of paper and board, and to a process for manufacturing paper or board. The combination of retention and dewatering may be improved by the addition of the modified cellulose particles of the invention to the pulp during the manufacture of paper or board.
The invention relates to a method for producing a coating composition. Said method comprises the following steps: a) an aqueous composition is provided which contains at least one plastic pigment that has a minimum glass transition temperature (Tg) of 50°C; and b) a cationic substance is added which contains salts of divalent or trivalent cations. At least one anionic pigment that has an average particle diameter ranging from 1 nm to 500 nm is added to the coating composition before the cationic substance is added in step b), and/or at least one cationic pigment that has an average particle diameter ranging from 1 nm to 500 nm is added to the coating composition after adding the cationic substance in step b). Also disclosed is a coated substrate which is coated with said coating composition.
The present invention relates to an inkjet printing material comprising a) a substrate, b) at least one ink uptake layer which is applied to at least one side of the substrate and contains at least one pigment selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcined clay, gloss white or mixtures thereof, with the average particle size of the pigment being from 0.1 쎽m to 1.5 쎽m, c) at least one surface layer applied to the at least one ink uptake layer, with the surface layer containing cationic inorganic particles, wherein the inkjet printing material has a gloss in the range from 10 to 60, measured in accordance with DIN 54502 R'(45°) (measurement angle = 45°) on the side to which the at least one surface layer has been applied and the density of the inkjet printing material is greater than/equal to 0.95 g/cm3, and also a process for producing it.
B41M 5/50 - Feuilles d'enregistrement caractérisées par les revêtements utilisés pour améliorer la réceptivité aux encres, aux colorants ou aux pigments, p.ex. pour jet d'encre ou pour l'enregistrement par transfert thermique de colorants
The invention relates to a package, which is made of a fibrous material and comprises an openable and closable lid (2), a bottom and side walls (4). The package (1) is assembled from one single sheet-like package preform (34). Furthermore, the package comprises a chamber (7) connected by a bend (15) to the upper part of a sidewall inside the package. The chamber comprises a cover panel with a product opening (11), through which a product may be arranged in the chamber.
B65D 5/4805 - Séparations formant partie intégrante du réceptacle
B65D 81/02 - Réceptacles, éléments d'emballage ou paquets pour contenus présentant des problèmes particuliers de stockage ou de transport ou adaptés pour servir à d'autres fins que l'emballage après avoir été vidés de leur contenu spécialement adaptés pour protéger leur contenu des dommages mécaniques
Disclosed is a method for producing a coated paper. Said method comprises the following steps: a) a raw paper is provided that has a minimum long-fiber cellulose content of 25 percent by weight, a minimum absolute humidity of 2.5 percent according to ISO 287, a water absorptiveness, according to ISO 535, of 5 bis 20 g/m2 following a test period of 10 s (Cobb10), and a maximum wet expansion (according to Fenchel) of 0 percent parallel to the direction of the machine and 3 percent perpendicular to the direction of the machine; b) ten to 40 g/m2 (oven-dry) of an aqueous coating material are applied to at least one face of the raw paper so as to obtain a coated raw paper; and c) the coated paper obtained in step b) is conditioned.
A device for mechanical defibration of wood comprises a defibration surface for processing of wood raw material and loosening of fibers, said defibration surface comprising grinding grits fastened on a metal base surface. The grits (1) fastened on the metal base surface (2) are positioned within a determined distance from each other on the base surface, so that they form a regular defibration surface.
The invention relates to a method for applying interference pigments to a substrate comprising the steps: a) preparing a substrate and b) applying a preparation to at least one face of the substrate, wherein the preparation contains at least one surfactant and at least one interference pigment, wherein the interference pigment has at least one carrier and at least one coating applied to the carrier, wherein the preparation in step b) contains no binder, and a substrate obtainable by said method.
The claimed invention relates to a method for securing a plastic foil to a loading pallet, a loading pallet and a packaging unit comprising such a pallet. The foil (6) is put on the loading surface (5) and the sides of the pallet (1). The foil (6) is attached to the pallet by a strap (7) encircling the perimeter of the pallet (1). An independent claim is included for a packaging unit comprising such a pallet.
B65D 19/38 - Palettes ou plates-formes analogues, avec ou sans parois latérales, pour supporter les charges à soulever ou à déposer - Détails ou accessoires
20.
USE OF SEMI-ORGANIC SUGAR COMPOUNDS AS FILLERS AND COATING PIGMENTS OF PAPER AND BOARD
The invention relates to the use of semi-organic sugar compounds as fîllers and coating pigments of paper and board, and further to a process for producing and coating paper and board.
The invention relates to a method for determining the quality of print quality. In the method, a first digital image, which represents the intended print quality in the graphical product, and a second digital image, which represents the achieved or planned print quality of the graphical product, are taken. After this, a variable proportional to the magnitude of the difference in the colour values of at least some image elements corresponding to each other in the image plane of the first and second digital images, is calculated, and on the basis of the variable, the similarity of the colour worlds of the first and second images is estimated. The invention permits the objective comparison of images, particularly in the development of print quality and in claims situations.
The invention concerns an optical media set, method for manufacturing the same, a package blank and a novel use of paper. Such an optical media set comprises a casing and an optical disc housed therein, the casing comprising a base material layer and the optical disc comprising a substrate having an optically readable or writable layer superimposed thereon. According to the invention, the base material layer of the casing and the substrate of the optical disc are made of fibrous materials. Further, the base material layer of the casing and the substrate of the optical disc can be made of a single sheet. The invention provides an environmentally friendly an inexpensive way of casing fiber-based optical discs.
G11B 7/2539 - Supports d’enregistrement caractérisés par le choix du matériau des couches autres que les couches d'enregistrement de substrats comprenant des résines polymères biodégradables, p.ex. cellulose
G11B 7/2542 - Supports d’enregistrement caractérisés par le choix du matériau des couches autres que les couches d'enregistrement des couches supérieures de protection constituées essentiellement de résines organiques
A method of producing a chemi-mechanical pulp from a raw material comprising wood chips. According to the method, first, the wood raw material is steamed at an elevated temperature to remove air from the wood chips, then, at the impregnation stage the steamed wood chips are brought into contact with an alkaline impregnation solution under conditions in which the alkali penetrates into the wood chips and, after that, to produce the pulp, the wood chips which are treated with the alkali are refined to a desired drainability. According to the present invention, the impregnation stage is carried out at overpressure, in which case it is possible to decrease the alkali dose of the impregnation and thus increase the scattering of the pulp, without increasing the sliver percentage. At the same freeness level, the bulk is improved, too.
D21C 1/06 - Traitement préalable des matériaux finement divisés avant la cuisson avec des composés à réaction alcaline
D21B 1/02 - Traitement préalable des matières premières par des moyens chimiques ou physiques
D21C 1/02 - Traitement préalable des matériaux finement divisés avant la cuisson avec l'eau ou la vapeur
D21C 3/02 - Réduction en pâte des matières contenant de la cellulose avec des bases inorganiques ou des composés à réaction alcaline, p.ex. procédés au sulfate
A method of producing a chemi-mechanical pulp from a raw material comprising wood chips. According to the method, first, the wood raw material is steamed at an elevated temperature to remove air from the wood chips, then, at the impregnation stage the steamed wood chips are brought into contact with an alkaline impregnation solution under conditions in which the alkali penetrates into the wood chips and, after that, to produce the pulp, the wood chips which are treated with the alkali are refined to a desired drainability. According to the present invention, the impregnation stage is carried out at overpressure, in which case it is possible to decrease the alkali dose of the impregnation and thus increase the scattering of the pulp, without increasing the sliver percentage. At the same freeness level, the bulk is improved, too.
The invention relates to a sensor structure comprising at least one first layer containing an electrically conductive polymer, optionally mixed with a binder that constitutes a binding agent matrix, and at least one second layer, which is separate from and adjacent to the first layer or at a distance therefrom, or at least partly joined to the first layer, whereby the second layer comprises microcapsules containing either a basic or acidic substance, optionally mixed with the binder, the acidic or basic substance changing the electrical conductivity of the polymer when released from the microcapsules. The invention also relates to the manufacturing method and the use of the sensor structure.
G03F 7/00 - Production par voie photomécanique, p.ex. photolithographique, de surfaces texturées, p.ex. surfaces imprimées; Matériaux à cet effet, p.ex. comportant des photoréserves; Appareillages spécialement adaptés à cet effet
B41M 5/165 - Procédés de reproduction ou méthodes de reproduction ou de marquage; Matériaux en feuilles utilisés à cet effet par application d'une pression pour rendre visibles des couleurs masquées, p.ex. pour rendre visible un support coloré, pour générer un motif opaque ou transparent, ou pour former une couleur en réunissant des composants formant la couleur caractérisés par l'utilisation de microcapsules; Solvants particuliers pour l'incorporation des constituants
B41M 5/28 - Thermographie utilisant des composés thermochromes ou des couches contenant des cristaux liquides, des microcapsules, des colorants blanchissables ou des composés thermodégradables, p.ex. libérant un gaz
H01B 1/12 - Conducteurs ou corps conducteurs caractérisés par les matériaux conducteurs utilisés; Emploi de matériaux spécifiés comme conducteurs composés principalement d'autres substances non métalliques substances organiques
H01B 1/20 - Matériau conducteur dispersé dans un matériau organique non conducteur
26.
METHOD FOR COATING CELLULOSE PARTICLES, COATED CELLULOSE PARTICLES, AND USE THEREOF IN PAPER AND BOARD PRODUCTION
The invention relates to a method for coating cellulose particles with a light scattering material, to coated cellulose particles, to the use thereof as a filler and as a coating pigment in paper and board, and further, to methods for producing and for coating paper and board.
D21H 17/69 - Composés insolubles dans l'eau, p.ex. charges ou pigments modifiés, p.ex. par association avec d'autres compositions préalablement à l'incorporation dans la pâte ou le papier
D21H 19/42 - Couches contenant des pigments caractérisées par les pigments au moins partiellement organiques
D21H 17/00 - Matériaux non fibreux ajoutés à la pâte caractérisés par leur constitution; Matériaux d'imprégnation du papier caractérisés par leur constitution
27.
METHOD FOR DISSOLVING CELLULOSE AND FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE PARTICLES
The invention relates to a method for dissolving cellulose e.g. for the production of regenerated cellulose products such as films, fibres, particles and the like. In said method, the cellulose material is dissolved using an enzymatic treatment, followed by a base treatment. The invention is also directed to a method for producing cellulose particles wherein cellulose dissolved as described above is sprayed or mixed into a regenerating solution for precipitating cellulose particles. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of said cellulose particles produced with this method as a filler and/or coating pigment of paper and board. The invention is also directed to methods for producing and coating paper and board.
C08B 1/00 - Traitement préparatoire de la cellulose pour l'obtention de dérivés cellulosiques
C08J 3/05 - Production de solutions, dispersions, latex ou gel par d'autres procédés que ceux utilisant les techniques de polymérisation en solution, en émulsion ou en suspension dans un milieux aqueux à partir de polymères solides
C08J 3/14 - Pulvérisation ou granulation par précipitation à partir de solutions
The present invention refers to a cast coating device for manufacturing cast coated paper and/or paperboard, comprising a cast coating cylinder for treating a coated base paper, the cast coating cylinder comprising a supporting material and at least one coating applied to the supporting material, characterized in that according to DIN 50133 the coating has a hardness value of 1000 HV or more, as well as to a process of manufacturing a cast coated paper.
D21H 25/14 - Post-traitement du papier non prévu dans les groupes Élimination des matériaux en excès avec un corps essentiellement cylindrique, p.ex. rouleau ou tige le corps étant un tambour de moulage
A method of manufacturing a fibrous web comprising a filler. According to the method, the filler is fed into the fibre slush and a fibrous web is formed of the filler-bearing fibre slush, and this web is dried at the paper or cardboard machine. The filler used is a composite material which comprises cellulose or lignocellulose fibrils, onto which light- scattering material particles have been precipitated. According to the present invention, the filler is brought into contact with the dispersant before it is mixed into the fibre slush. With this solution it is possible to significantly improve the light-scattering properties of papers and cardboards, without decreasing the retention of the filler.
D21H 17/69 - Composés insolubles dans l'eau, p.ex. charges ou pigments modifiés, p.ex. par association avec d'autres compositions préalablement à l'incorporation dans la pâte ou le papier
D21H 17/37 - Polymères d'acides non saturés ou de leurs dérivés, p.ex. polyacrylates
D21H 23/04 - Addition à la pâte; Post-traitement de substances ajoutées dans la pâte
D21H 23/76 - Procédés ou appareils pour l'addition de matériaux à la pâte ou au papier caractérisés par le choix des composés auxiliaires qui sont ajoutés indépendamment d'au moins un autre composé, p.ex. pour améliorer l'incorporation de ce dernier ou pour obtenir un effet combiné amélioré
30.
PAPER PIGMENT, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A PAPER PRODUCT AND PAPER PRODUCT
The object of the invention are organic paper pigments, which are ester derivatives of disaccharides, essentially insoluble in water. The invention also relates to a manufacturing process of a paper product, in which ester derivatives of disaccharides according to the invention are used as paper pigments. Another object of the invention are paper products, in which these organic ester derivatives of disaccharides have been used as paper pigments.
Method for the production of mechanical or chemi-mechanical pulp as raw material for paper or cardboard. According to this method, the pulp is fibrillated and the fibrillated pulp is bleached in alkaline conditions. According to the present invention, the pulp is screened to separate the reject from the accept, at maximum approximately 60 % of the total amount of pulp is separated as the reject, the reject is bleached separate from the accept, and, after that, the bleached reject is remixed with the accept. When operating according to the present invention, the strength of the pulp increases and the energy used for refining is reduced, which is seen both in the refining of the reject and in the post-refining of the final mechanical pulp.
D21B 1/12 - Matières premières fibreuses ou leur traitement mécanique par division des matières premières en petites particules, p.ex. fibres par l'emploi de vapeur
D21C 5/00 - Autres procédés pour obtenir de la cellulose, p.ex. cuisson des linters de coton
The present invention provides a novel method and apparatus for producing pulp from lignocellulosic raw material, such as wood or annual or perennial plants, by mechanical defibration. According to the invention, fibers are peeled from the wood by means of grinding grits arranged on a defibration surface, wherein at least 90 % of the protrusion difference distribution between adjacent or neighboring grits on the surface belongs to a value region maximally as wide as the average grit diameter. By means of the invention, a reduction in specific energy consumption of up to 50 % or even more can be obtained.
D21B 1/04 - Matières premières fibreuses ou leur traitement mécanique par division des matières premières en petites particules, p.ex. fibres
B24D 5/00 - Meules agglomérées, ou meules comportant des segments abrasifs rapportés, conçues pour travailler uniquement par leur périphérie; Bagues ou accessoires pour le montage des ces meules
33.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL PULP SUITABLE FOR PAPER OR CARDBOARD MAKING
Method for the production of mechanical or chemi-mechanical pulp as raw material for paper or cardboard. According to this method, the pulp is fibrillated and the fibrillated pulp is bleached in alkaline conditions. According to the present invention, the pulp is screened to separate the reject from the accept, at maximum approximately 60 % of the total amount of pulp is separated as the reject, the reject is bleached separate from the accept, and, after that, the bleached reject is remixed with the accept. When operating according to the present invention, the strength of the pulp increases and the energy used for refining is reduced, which is seen both in the refining of the reject and in the post-refining of the final mechanical pulp.
D21B 1/12 - Matières premières fibreuses ou leur traitement mécanique par division des matières premières en petites particules, p.ex. fibres par l'emploi de vapeur
D21C 5/00 - Autres procédés pour obtenir de la cellulose, p.ex. cuisson des linters de coton
The present invention provides a novel method and apparatus for producing pulp from lignocellulosic raw material, such as wood or annual or perennial plants, by mechanical defibration. According to the invention, fibers are peeled from the wood by means of grinding grits arranged on a defibration surface, wherein at least 90 % of the protrusion difference distribution between adjacent or neighboring grits on the surface belongs to a value region maximally as wide as the average grit diameter. By means of the invention, a reduction in specific energy consumption of up to 50 % or even more can be obtained.
D21B 1/04 - Matières premières fibreuses ou leur traitement mécanique par division des matières premières en petites particules, p.ex. fibres
B24D 5/00 - Meules agglomérées, ou meules comportant des segments abrasifs rapportés, conçues pour travailler uniquement par leur périphérie; Bagues ou accessoires pour le montage des ces meules
35.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM DURING READ/WRITE OPERATION
The publication describes a device (42, 44) for supporting an optical recording medium (40) during a reading or writing event, a method for making an optical recording medium (40) optically readable, and an optical reading device. The device (42, 44) comprises means for positioning the recording medium (40), in such a manner that it can later be removed, in the device, in such a way that the device, together with the recording medium (40) forms a planar totality, which can be rotated around an axis at right-angles to the surfaces of the recording medium (40) in order to read information through the surface of the device from the recording surface of the recording medium (40), or in order to write information on the recording surface of the recording medium (40). According to the invention, the device (42, 44) comprises fine structures (45), which can be utilized when reading from or writing to the optical recording medium (40).
The invention relates to a marking electromagnetically readable from a substrate, a method for producing such a marking, and a memory medium. The marking comprises first areas on a substrate at a distance to each, which comprise at least one electrically conductive material and the electrical conductivity of which is greater than a defined threshold value, and second areas arranged between the first areas, the electrical conductivity of which second areas is less than or equal to the said threshold value. According to the invention, at least two first areas differ substantially from each other in electrical conductivity. With the aid of the invention it is possible to create a marking, the amount of information contained in which is many times that contained in previous electrical markings.
G06K 7/08 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture de supports d'enregistrement avec des moyens de perception des modifications d'un champ électrostatique ou magnétique, p.ex. par perception des modifications de la capacité entre des électrodes
G06K 7/06 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture de supports d'enregistrement avec des moyens qui sont conducteurs de courant quand une marque est présente ou absente, p.ex. balais ou pointe de contact pour perforation, balais de contact pour marques conductrices
The invention relates to a method for producing a visually identifiable diffractive pattern on a substrate by subjecting the substrate to pressure by bringing it into contact with a surface of an embossing plate. An imprinted paper or paperboard sheet, which is varnished at the contacting area of the embossing plate and the substrate is used as a substrate for the embossing. The invention relates also to a product manufactured using the described method. The method is applicable, for example, for common packaging materials, which contain a paperboard, imprinting and a varnish layer for producing a visually attractive and unique marking.
B32B 3/30 - Produits stratifiés caractérisés essentiellement par le fait qu'une des couches comporte des discontinuités ou des rugosités externes ou internes, ou bien qu'une des couches est de forme générale non plane; Produits stratifiés caractérisés essentiellement par des particularismes de forme caractérisés par une couche comportant des cavités ou des vides internes caractérisés par une couche comportant des retraits ou des saillies, p.ex. des gorges, des nervures
D21H 19/66 - Couches caractérisées par un effet visuel particulier, p.ex. avec des dessins ou texturées
