Lead-acid batteries or cells, electrodes and bipolar plates for the same, and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. The lead acid batteries comprise a positive and/or negative electrode having a specific pore size diameter distribution. The pore size diameter distribution may comprise: a ratio of a volume of pores having a pore size diameter greater than 20 μm to a total pore volume of at least 15%; or a volume of pores having a pore size diameter greater than 20 μm of at least 0.020 ml/g.
Articles and methods related to the use of fiber webs comprising glass fibers in electrodes of batteries such as lead acid batteries are generally described. An electrode media provided herein may comprise a fiber web comprising glass fibers of different types. Electrode media provided herein may be configured to be pasted in order to produce an electrode or battery plate. In some embodiments, an article comprising a lug attached to an electrode media is provided. The electrode media described herein may be associated with good electrical, mechanical, and/or thermal performance properties that contribute to their utility in lead acid batteries.
D04H 1/54 - Non-tissés formés uniquement ou principalement de fibres coupées ou autres fibres similaires relativement courtes à partir de voiles ou couches composés de fibres ne possédant pas des propriétés cohésives réelles ou potentielles par soudage des fibres ensembles, p. ex. par fusion partielle ou dissolution
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
H01M 4/14 - Électrodes pour accumulateurs au plomb
H01M 4/20 - Procédés de fabrication d'électrodes empattées
H01M 50/536 - Connexions d’électrodes dans un boîtier de batterie caractérisées par le procédé de fixation des conducteurs aux électrodes, p. ex. soudage
A Lead-Acid Battery Management System (BMS) and a method for operating a BMS for a battery system comprising a plurality of groups of at least one lead acid battery, the battery management system comprising: at least one control device configured to electrically integrate and segregate each of the batteries from the string, and a controller configured to control the control device to independently control the charging and discharging of each of the batteries. In some cases the controller is configured to determine an input power available to charge the battery system, determine, based on the determined input power, that at least one of the groups of batteries can charge above a charging threshold; and selectively charge at least one of the groups of at least one battery. In some cases the BMS is configured overcharge the batteries independently. In some cases the BMS is configured to modify the discharging of the at least one battery based in a determined charge characteristic.
G01R 31/364 - Connexions pour bornes de batteries, munies de dispositions de mesure intégrées
G01R 31/379 - Dispositions pour le test, la mesure ou la surveillance de l’état électrique d’accumulateurs ou de batteries, p. ex. de la capacité ou de l’état de charge spécialement adaptées à un type de batterie ou d’accumulateur pour des batteries au plomb
G01R 31/396 - Acquisition ou traitement de données pour le test ou la surveillance d’éléments particuliers ou de groupes particuliers d’éléments dans une batterie
H01M 10/18 - Accumulateurs au plomb avec des électrodes bipolaires
H01M 10/42 - Procédés ou dispositions pour assurer le fonctionnement ou l'entretien des éléments secondaires ou des demi-éléments secondaires
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
H01M 10/637 - Systèmes de commande caractérisés par l’emploi de dispositifs sensibles à la température, p. ex. dispositifs NTC, PTC ou bimétalSystèmes de commande caractérisés par la commande du courant interne circulant à travers la batterie, p. ex. par commutation
H02J 7/00 - Circuits pour la charge ou la dépolarisation des batteries ou pour alimenter des charges par des batteries
H02J 7/06 - Régulation du courant ou de la tension de charge utilisant des tubes à décharge ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs
H02J 7/32 - Circuits pour la charge ou la dépolarisation des batteries ou pour alimenter des charges par des batteries pour la charge de batteries par un ensemble comprenant une machine motrice non électrique
A method for impregnating an active paste into a fibre sheet material in the manufacture of an electrode of a lead acid battery or cell. The method comprising moving a fibre sheet material along a machine direction under two or more sonotrodes spanning a direction perpendicular to the machine direction. Each sonotrode has a confined pasting zone adjacent through which the fibre sheet material moves. The pasting zone defined at least in part between a lower surface of the sonotrode, and a surface below and in contact with the fibre sheet material. The method further comprising continuously providing a Pb based paste to the pasting zone under pressure while each sonotrode vibrates the paste in the adjacent pasting zone, in order to continuously impregnate the paste throughout a thickness of the fibre sheet material.
B29C 70/50 - Façonnage ou imprégnation par compression pour la fabrication d'objets de longueur indéfinie, p. ex. de "prepregs", de préimprégnés [SMC] ou de nappes multiaxiales [XMC]
B29C 70/88 - Façonnage de matières composites, c.-à-d. de matières plastiques comprenant des renforcements, des matières de remplissage ou des parties préformées, p. ex. des inserts caractérisées principalement par des propriétés spécifiques, p. ex. électriquement conductrices ou renforcées localement
B29K 103/06 - Poudres métalliques, carbures métalliques ou matières analogues
B29L 31/34 - Appareils électriques, p. ex. bougies ou leurs parties constitutives
Lead-acid batteries or cells, electrodes and bipolar plates for the same, and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. The lead-acid batteries comprise a positive and/or negative electrode having a specific pore size diameter distribution. The pore size diameter distribution may comprise: a ratio of a volume of pores having a pore size diameter greater than 20 μm to a total pore volume of at least 15%; or a volume of pores having a pore size diameter greater than 20 µm of at least 0.020 ml/g.
An apparatus and method for continuously forming an electrical and/or mechanical connection to a fibre material electrode for a battery is provided. The apparatus has a casting cavity with an upper and lower surface to define a casting zone that moves continuously with the fibre material. A supply of sheet fibre material having a casting edge, is preferably supplied continuously to the casting zone between the upper and lower surfaces of the enclosed casting cavity. Further, a head supplying molten lead/lead alloy is located immediately at an upstream extent of the casting zone, and injects molten material into the casting zone to form one or more lugs, preferably on an edge on the fibre material.
B22D 11/00 - Coulée continue des métaux, c.-à-d. en longueur indéfinie
B22D 11/06 - Coulée continue des métaux, c.-à-d. en longueur indéfinie dans des moules dont les parois se déplacent, p. ex. entre des rouleaux, des plaques, des courroies, des chenilles
B22D 11/10 - Alimentation en métal liquide ou traitement du métal liquide
B22D 19/14 - Coulée dans, sur, ou autour d'objets formant partie intégrante du produit final les objets ayant la forme de filaments ou de particules
B22D 25/04 - Coulée de plaques métalliques d'accumulateurs électriques ou d'objets analogues
C23C 6/00 - Revêtement par coulée du matériau fondu sur le substrat
H01M 4/38 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'éléments simples ou d'alliages
H01M 50/536 - Connexions d’électrodes dans un boîtier de batterie caractérisées par le procédé de fixation des conducteurs aux électrodes, p. ex. soudage
H01M 50/541 - Connexion de plusieurs conducteurs ou languettes d’électrodes empilées en forme de plaque, p. ex. barrettes ou ponts de pôles d’électrode pour accumulateurs au plomb
8.
Method and machine for manufacturing a fibre electrode
A method for forming a connection such as an electrical connection, to a fibre material electrode element comprises moving a length of the fibre material relative to a pressure injection stage and pressure impregnating by a series of pressure injection pulses a lug material into a lug zone part of the fibre material to surround and/or penetrate fibres of the fibre material and form a lug strip in the lug zone. The fibre material may be a carbon fibre material and the lug material a metal such as Pb or a Pb alloy. Apparatus for forming an electrical connection to a fibre material electrode element is also disclosed.
C22C 11/06 - Alliages à base de plomb avec l'étain comme second constituant majeur
H01M 4/38 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'éléments simples ou d'alliages
H01M 50/541 - Connexion de plusieurs conducteurs ou languettes d’électrodes empilées en forme de plaque, p. ex. barrettes ou ponts de pôles d’électrode pour accumulateurs au plomb
C22C 49/02 - Alliages contenant des fibres ou des filaments métalliques ou non métalliques caractérisés par le matériau de la matrice
C22C 49/12 - Matériaux de matrice intermétalliques
C22C 49/14 - Alliages contenant des fibres ou des filaments métalliques ou non métalliques caractérisés par les fibres ou les filaments
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
Electronic apparatus for neutralising electrostatic fields;
fuel cell electrodes; carbon fibre fabric used as the
structural framework for electrodes; batteries and battery
chargers; electrodes for use in electrochemistry; electrodes
for use in the electrolysis of liquid electrolytes;
electrodes (other than medical) made from synthetic
materials for the measurement of ions; electrodes with
amplifiers; electrodes without amplifiers; electrodes for
electrical discharge machines; oxygen electrodes, not for
medical use.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
(1) Electronic apparatus for neutralising electrostatic fields; fuel cell electrodes; carbon fibre fabric used as the structural framework for electrodes; automotive batteries and battery chargers; motorcycle batteries and battery chargers; scooter batteries and battery chargers; golf cart batteries and battery chargers; watercraft batteries and battery chargers; batteries and battery chargers for UPS (Uninterruptable Power Systems); batteries and battery chargers for Solar and Wind Generation Installations; batteries and battery chargers for Motive Power Vehicles; batteries and battery chargers for telecommunication base installations; batteries and battery chargers for military vehicles; electrodes for use in electrochemistry; electrodes for use in the electrolysis of liquid electrolytes; electrodes (other than medical) made from synthetic materials for the measurement of ions; electrodes with amplifiers; electrodes without amplifiers; electrodes for electrical discharge machines; oxygen electrodes, not for medical use.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
Electronic apparatus for neutralising electrostatic fields; fuel cell electrodes; batteries and battery chargers; electrodes for use in electrochemistry; electrodes for use in the electrolysis of liquid electrolytes; electrodes, not for medical purposes, made from synthetic materials for the measurement of ions; electrodes with amplifiers; electrodes without amplifiers; electrodes for electrical discharge machines; oxygen electrodes, not for medical use
12.
Lead-acid battery electrode including carbon fiber material with low surface area
2/g. The carbon fibre material may also comprise non-carbon functional groups less than 22% by mass in the bulk fibre, and at least 78% carbon by mass in the bulk fibre. The carbon fibre material may be heated to a temperature of at least 1000° C. and cooled in an inert atmosphere to prevent non-carbon functional groups reforming on the carbonised carbon fibre material. The batteries are suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
A method for impregnating an active paste into a fibre material in the manufacture of an electrode of a lead acid battery or cell, comprises moving a fibre material through a confined pasting zone also containing a Pb-based paste, while vibrating and maintaining a pressure on the paste, to continuously impregnate the paste into the fibre material. A paste impregnating machine is also disclosed, with a fibre material feed system, and which may use a lug along the fibre material to draw the fibre material through the paste application stage.
H01M 4/20 - Procédés de fabrication d'électrodes empattées
B29C 70/50 - Façonnage ou imprégnation par compression pour la fabrication d'objets de longueur indéfinie, p. ex. de "prepregs", de préimprégnés [SMC] ou de nappes multiaxiales [XMC]
H01M 4/68 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés pour utilisation dans les accumulateurs au plomb
H01M 4/74 - Grillage ou matériau tisséMétal déployé
B29C 70/88 - Façonnage de matières composites, c.-à-d. de matières plastiques comprenant des renforcements, des matières de remplissage ou des parties préformées, p. ex. des inserts caractérisées principalement par des propriétés spécifiques, p. ex. électriquement conductrices ou renforcées localement
B29K 103/06 - Poudres métalliques, carbures métalliques ou matières analogues
A method for forming a connection such as an electrical connection, to a fiber material electrode element comprises moving a length of the fiber material relative to a pressure injection stage and pressure impregnating by a series of pressure injection pulses a lug material into a lug zone part of the fiber material to surround and/or penetrate fibers of the fiber material and form a lug strip in the lug zone. The fiber material may be a carbon fiber material and the lug material a metal such as Pb or a Pb alloy. Apparatus for forming an electrical connection to a fiber material electrode element is also disclosed.
A method for impregnating an active paste into a fibre material in the manufacture of an electrode of a lead acid battery or cell, comprises moving a fibre material through a confined pasting zone also containing a Pb-based paste, while vibrating and maintaining a pressure on the paste, to continuously impregnate the paste into the fibre material. A paste impregnating machine is also disclosed, with a fibre material feed system, and which may use a lug along the fibre material to draw the fibre material through the paste application stage.
Batteries comprise a carbon fibre electrode construction of the invention and have improved DCA and/or CCA, and/or may maintain DCA with an increasing number of charge-discharge cycles, and thus may be particularly suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
Lead-acid batteries with low water consumption and hydrogen gassing, comprise electrodes of a carbon fibre material having a surface area of less than 50 m2/g. The carbon fibre material may also comprise non-carbon functional groups less than 22% by mass in the bulk fibre, and at least 78% carbon by mass in the bulk fibre. The carbon fibre material may be heated to a temperature of at least 1000°C and cooled in an inert atmosphere to prevent non-carbon functional groups reforming on the carbonised carbon fibre material. The batteries are suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
A method for forming a connection such as an electrical connection, to a fibre material electrode element comprises moving a length of the fibre material relative to a pressure injection stage and pressure impregnating by a series of pressure injection pulses a lug material into a lug zone part of the fibre material to surround and/or penetrate fibres of the fibre material and form a lug strip in the lug zone. The fibre material may be a carbon fibre material and the lug material a metal such as Pb or a Pb alloy. Apparatus for forming an electrical connection to a fibre material electrode element is also disclosed.
B22D 19/14 - Coulée dans, sur, ou autour d'objets formant partie intégrante du produit final les objets ayant la forme de filaments ou de particules
B29C 70/72 - Enrobage d'inserts avec une partie non enrobée, p. ex. extrémités ou parties terminales de composants électriques
B29C 70/88 - Façonnage de matières composites, c.-à-d. de matières plastiques comprenant des renforcements, des matières de remplissage ou des parties préformées, p. ex. des inserts caractérisées principalement par des propriétés spécifiques, p. ex. électriquement conductrices ou renforcées localement
C22C 47/08 - Fabrication d'alliages contenant des fibres ou des filaments métalliques ou non métalliques par mise en contact des fibres ou des filaments avec un métal fondu, p. ex. en imprégnant les fibres ou les filaments placés dans un moule
19.
Method for forming an electrical connection to a conductive fibre electrode and electrode so formed
A method for forming an electrical connection to a microscale electrically conductive fiber material electrode element, such as a carbon fiber electrode element of a Pb-acid battery, comprises pressure impregnating into the fiber material an electrically conductive lug material, such as molten Pb metal, to surround and/or penetrate fibers and form an electrical connection to the fiber material and provide a lug for external connection of the electrode element. Other methods of forming a lug for external connection are also disclosed.
B22D 19/14 - Coulée dans, sur, ou autour d'objets formant partie intégrante du produit final les objets ayant la forme de filaments ou de particules
C22C 47/06 - Prétraitement des fibres ou des filaments par façonnage des fibres ou des filaments en une structure préformée, p. ex. en utilisant un liant temporaire afin de former un élément analogue à un mat
C22C 47/12 - Imprégnation ou coulée sous une pression mécanique
B23K 20/00 - Soudage non électrique par percussion ou par une autre forme de pression, avec ou sans chauffage, p. ex. revêtement ou placage
B23K 20/02 - Soudage non électrique par percussion ou par une autre forme de pression, avec ou sans chauffage, p. ex. revêtement ou placage au moyen d'une presse
An electric arc-discharge apparatus for producing activated carbon fibre material comprises a cathode having a thermal conductivity of less than about 30 or less than about 25 or less than about 20 watts per meter Kelvin (when measured at about room temperature). The cathode may also have an electrical resistivity of at least about 10 ohms per mm. The electric arc-discharge activation track(s) have substantially constant width along a length of the fabric. The apparatus may have multiple adjacent electrodes spaced across the machine direction to produce multiple adjacent activation tracks in the carbon fibre material by electric arc-discharge. The processed carbon fibre fabric has high tensile strength. The processed carbon fibre fabric may be useful in battery electrodes.
D01F 9/12 - Filaments de carboneAppareils spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication
D01F 1/00 - Procédés généraux de fabrication de filaments, ou similaires, faits par l’homme
B82B 3/00 - Fabrication ou traitement des nanostructures par manipulation d’atomes ou de molécules, ou d’ensembles limités d’atomes ou de molécules un à un comme des unités individuelles
B82B 1/00 - Nanostructures formées par manipulation d’atomes ou de molécules, ou d’ensembles limités d’atomes ou de molécules un à un comme des unités individuelles
D06M 10/02 - Traitement physique des fibres, fils, filés, tissus ou articles fibreux faits de ces matières, p. ex. ultrasonique, effet corona, irradiation, courants électriques ou champs magnétiquesTraitement physique combiné avec le traitement avec des composés ou des éléments chimiques ultrasonique ou soniqueEffet corona
Batteries comprise a carbon fiber electrode construction of the invention and have improved DCA and/or CCA, and/or may maintain DCA with an increasing number of charge-discharge cycles, and thus may be particularly suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
A method for forming an electrical connection to a microscale electrically conductive fibre material electrode element, such as a carbon fibre electrode element of a Pb-acid battery, comprises pressure impregnating into the fibre material an electrically conductive lug material, such as molten Pb metal, to surround and/or penetrate fibres and form an electrical connection to the fibre material and provide a lug for external connection of the electrode element. Other methods of forming a lug for external connection are also disclosed.
B29C 70/72 - Enrobage d'inserts avec une partie non enrobée, p. ex. extrémités ou parties terminales de composants électriques
C22C 47/08 - Fabrication d'alliages contenant des fibres ou des filaments métalliques ou non métalliques par mise en contact des fibres ou des filaments avec un métal fondu, p. ex. en imprégnant les fibres ou les filaments placés dans un moule
B22D 19/14 - Coulée dans, sur, ou autour d'objets formant partie intégrante du produit final les objets ayant la forme de filaments ou de particules
23.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A CARBON FIBRE ELECTRODE OF A LEAD-ACID BATTERY OR CELL
A method for manufacturing a carbon fibre electrode of a lead-acid battery or cell includes thermally treating a carbon fibre tow splitting the tow into two or more smaller tows or stretch breaking the tow, weaving or knitting the carbon fibre into a carbon fibre material, or forming a non-woven carbon fibre material from the carbon yarn, and manufacturing the carbon fibre electrode from the carbon fibre material.
Batteries comprise a carbon fibre electrode construction of the invention and have improved DCA and/or CCA, and/or may maintain DCA with an increasing number of charge-discharge cycles, and thus may be particularly suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
C04B 35/52 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base de non oxydes à base de carbone, p. ex. graphite
H01M 4/20 - Procédés de fabrication d'électrodes empattées
H01M 4/56 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes inorganiques de plomb
H01M 4/583 - Matériau carboné, p. ex. composés au graphite d'intercalation ou CFx
H01M 4/68 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés pour utilisation dans les accumulateurs au plomb
H01M 4/73 - Grilles pour accumulateurs au plomb, p. ex. plaques à cadres
H01M 4/74 - Grillage ou matériau tisséMétal déployé
H01M 4/80 - Plaques poreuses, p. ex. supports frittés
H01M 4/82 - Procédés à plusieurs étapes pour la fabrication des supports pour accumulateurs au plomb
Batteries comprise a carbon fibre electrode construction of the invention and have improved DCA and/or CCA, and/or may maintain DCA with an increasing number of charge-discharge cycles, and thus may be particularly suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
C04B 35/52 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base de non oxydes à base de carbone, p. ex. graphite
A lead-acid battery or cell comprises electrode(s) of with current collector(s) of a fibrous material with an average interfiber spacing of less than 50 microns. The current collector material may be a carbon fiber material which has been thermally treated by electric arc discharge. The fibrous current collector material may comprise an impregnated paste comprising a mixture of lead sulphate particles and dilute sulfuric acid.
A lead-acid battery or cell comprises electrode(s) of with current collector(s) of a fibrous material with an average interfibre spacing of less than 50 microns. The current collector material may be a carbon fibre material which has been thermally treated by electric arc discharge. The fibrous current collector material may comprise an impregnated paste comprising a mixture of lead sulphate particles and dilute sulfuric acid.
A lead-acid battery or cell comprises electrode(s) of with current collector(s) of a fibrous material with an average interfibre spacing of less than 50 microns. The current collector material may be a carbon fibre material which has been thermally treated by electric arc discharge. The fibrous current collector material may comprise an impregnated paste comprising a mixture of lead sulphate particles and dilute sulfuric acid.
A method for producing an activated carbon material, such as a tape or belt of carbon fibres, includes within a reaction chamber causing relative movement between a carbon-containing substrate and an electric arc in a gap between two electrodes or adjacent an electrode so that an electric arc exists between the electrode and the substrate to heat the substrate to a substrate surface temperature effective to activate the carbon-containing substrate and above about 3750K. The activated material has high adsorbency, and increased capacitance and conductivity.
