Produits et services

Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption services in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Produits et services

Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption services in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Produits et services

Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption services in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Produits et services

Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption services in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Produits et services

Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption services in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Produits et services

Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption services in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Produits et services

Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption services in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Produits et services

Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption services in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Produits et services

Data processing equipment and computers; computer software; computer programs; downloadable software development kits (SDK); downloadable application programming interface (API) software that enables developers to build software applications; software applications for use with mobile devices and computers; software for processing electronic payments to and from others; computer software and software applications used in relation to financial services, financial transactions, electronic commerce, electronic payments, foreign currency exchange, trading and brokerage services, remittance transactions, cross-border money transfers, investment advisory and loan services, data, payment and computer security; authentication software; computer software and computer software applications (downloadable); instant messaging software; file sharing software; communications software for electronically exchanging and transmitting data, audio, video, images and graphics via computer, mobile, wireless and telecommunication networks; computer software for processing images, graphics, audio, video, and text; downloadable computer software which allows users to participate in web-based meetings and classes, with access to data, documents, images and software applications through a web browser; downloadable computer software for accessing, viewing, and controlling remote computers and computer networks; downloadable cloud-computing software; downloadable cloud-based software; computer software for tracking and evaluating customer and personal behaviour in relation to purchasing decisions; computer software applications for use in relation to environmental conservation, climate change and carbon offsetting; downloadable text files; downloadable electronic data files; downloadable data sets; downloadable open source software; downloadable software for software development and collaboration in the software development process, namely, working with the source code and its browsing, editing, development, enhancement and testing; computer software, downloadable computer software, computer programs, software applications, and software development tools for code development, code editing, code testing, Application Programming Interface (API) selection and integration, code language selection and integration, plugins selection and integration, code deployment and integration; computer software, downloadable computer software, computer programs, software applications, and software development tools for source code repository management, data storage and backup, database management, and facilitating the exchange of information via the Internet featuring collaboration tools; software for facilitating online payments through a payment gateway; software for use in connection with contactless payments; software and software applications for the purpose of allowing merchants to accept contactless mobile commerce transactions, contactless presentation of loyalty credentials, and contactless redemption of coupons, rebates, discounts, vouchers and special offers; software and software applications that allow merchants to deliver coupons, rebates, discounts, vouchers and special offers directly to the mobile telecommunications devices of consumers; computer software for generating, scanning and recognising matrix barcodes; matrix barcode readers; software for mobile phone credit and e-wallet top-up services; computer software, downloadable computer software, computer programs, software applications and software development tools for use in relation to blockchain technology, blockchain infrastructure, blockchain cybersecurity, tokenisation of real-world assets, digital assets, digital asset exchange transactions, decentralized finance (DeFi) and integrating traditional financial systems with blockchain technology; computer software, downloadable computer software, computer programs, software applications, and software development tools for electronically creating, accessing, exchanging, trading, transmitting, managing and storing digital assets, digital currencies, cryptocurrencies, stable coins, virtual currencies, digital securities, digital tokens, and digital collectibles, and for facilitating users' ability to view, analyse, record, store, monitor, manage, trade, and exchange the aforesaid assets, as well as manage related payment and exchange transactions; cryptography software; cryptography software for ensuring security and compliance in blockchain transactions; downloadable digital collectibles, namely, art, animation cels, images, photographs, trading cards, videos and other digital media content; downloadable digital files authenticated by non-fungible tokens [NFTs]; downloadable software to enable the building of applications on the blockchain, interaction with blockchain smart contracts, and asset and information exchange; downloadable software for creating, agreeing, executing, managing and performing smart contracts; downloadable computer software for use as an electronic wallet, a digital wallet and a cryptocurrency; artificial intelligence software; artificial and virtual reality immersion software; artificial intelligence software in the field of humanoid robots and robots working alongside humans; humanoid and collaborative robots with artificial intelligence for assisting and entertaining people; humanoid robots with artificial intelligence for use in human-machine integration solutions; operating systems for robots; software for facilitating interaction and communication between humans and artificial intelligence platforms, namely, bots, virtual agents and virtual assistants; Robotic Process Automation [RPA] software; Intelligent Process automation [IPA] software; downloadable software for controlling and managing embodied artificial intelligence systems, namely humanoid robots and autonomous machines; artificial intelligence computer apparatus; humanoid robots with artificial intelligence for use in the provision of financial services; artificial intelligence software for use in relation to marketing, cloud computing, data analytics, predicting trends and customer support; artificial intelligence software for use in relation to cybersecurity and IT infrastructure protection; computer software, downloadable computer software, computer programs, software applications and software development tools for use in relation to artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence driven humanoid robots and robots working alongside humans, machine learning, deep learning, natural language generation, statistical learning, supervised learning, un-supervised learning, predictive and prescriptive analytics, process and task automation, computer vision, internet of things (IoT) and smart data discovery; computer software, downloadable computer software, computer programs, software applications and software development tools for use in relation to automation of processes and tasks; computer software, downloadable computer software, computer programs, software applications and software development tools for use in relation to business analytics, business intelligence, data integration, data warehousing, data mining, data processing, data sharing, data collection, data interpretation, data queries, data visualization and data analytics; computer software and application software for the provision, communication and administration of loyalty, incentive, reward and redemption scheme, membership scheme, electronic vouchers, electronic wallets, electronic coupons, electronic direct marketing, customer relationship management, marketing campaign, customer database, transaction management, reminders or other messages; downloadable software for omnichannel marketing solutions; software as a medical device (SaMD), downloadable; online electronic publications (downloadable from the Internet or a computer network or a computer database); downloadable electronic publications in the nature of magazines, articles, brochures, leaflets, datasheets, information and instructional materials in the field of business, e-commerce, information technology, cloud computing, telecommunications, the Internet, business and e-commerce training, business, sales, marketing and financial management; computer peripherals; sim cards; eSIM cards; pocket wifi devices, notebook computers; laptop computers; portable computers; handheld computers; personal digital assistants; personal media players; mobile telephones; smart phones; batteries, battery chargers; computer workstations (not furniture); computer servers; computer and telecommunications networking hardware; computer network adaptors, switches, routers and hubs; wireless and wired modems and communication cards and devices; laptop holders, computer bags; computer hardware and firmware; automobile navigation system; digital music (downloadable from the Internet); telecommunications apparatus; mouse mats; mobile phone accessories; downloadable games, pictures, motion pictures, movies and music; alarm systems; security cameras; headphones; speakers; Global Positioning System (GPS) apparatus and equipment; computer, electronic and video games programmes and software (including software downloadable from the Internet); liquid crystal displays for telecommunications and electronic equipment; data storage programs; spectacles and sunglasses; electronic signboards; encoded or magnetic payment, bank, credit, debit, cash, charge, telephone and identification cards; electronic book readers; encoded key cards; 3D spectacles; memory cards for video game machines; wearable computers, smart phones, monitors, displays, activity trackers, audio equipment, communications apparatus, telecommunication apparatus, and digital electronic communication devices; downloadable mobile applications and application software for use with wearable computers, smart phones, monitors, displays, activity trackers, audio equipment, communications apparatus, telecommunication apparatus, and digital electronic communication devices; electronic cards and stored value cards; terminals, devices or apparatus for electronic payments and transactions and other contactless interactions with mobile devices; contactless payment terminals; secure online and offline payment transaction systems. Advertising; business management; business administration; office functions; organization, operation and supervision of loyalty and incentive schemes; accountancy; arranging and conducting of trade fairs; data processing; provision of business information; database management; compilation of information into computer databases; business consulting services; business intelligence services; business strategic management services; business strategic management consulting services; arranging and conducting of commercial events; business project management services; market research and business consulting services; business consultancy services relating to facilitating the transaction of business via local and global computer networks by locating and providing referrals for the delivery of a wide variety of business and consumer products and services; dissemination of business information of goods and services of others via local and global computer networks; business consultancy services relating to providing a web site on a global computer network by which third parties can offer and source goods and services, place, determine the status of and fulfil trade leads and orders, enter into contracts and transact business; business consulting services in the field of online payments; business information management, namely, electronic reporting of business analytics relating to payment processing, authentication, tracking, and invoicing; business management, namely, optimization of payments for businesses; business consulting services and project management services in the field of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence software development and artificial intelligence driven robots; providing computerized online ordering services; advertising of goods and services of others via local and global computer networks; international import and export agency services; rental of advertising space on communication media; online trading services relating to electronic auctioneering and providing online business evaluation relating thereto; providing a directory of third party web sites to facilitate business transactions; business consultancy services relating to operating an electronic marketplace for the buyers and sellers of goods and/or services on a global computer network; business assistance relating to facilitating business transactions via local and global computer networks; corporate management consultancy services; marketing and promotion services; publication of publicity materials; dissemination of advertising materials, updating of advertising materials, compilation of advertisements for use as web pages on the Internet; rental of advertising space; computer data processing; sales, business and promotional information services; auctioneering provided on the Internet; personnel management; provision of sales, business, advertising and promotional information through a global computer network and via the Internet; presentation of goods on communication media for retail purposes; retail, online retail and wholesale services of telephones, smartphones, mobile phone accessories, telecommunications goods, computer hardware, firmware and computer software, payment terminals, devices or apparatus for electronic payments and transactions, artificial intelligence computer apparatus, humanoid and collaborative robots with artificial intelligence for assisting and entertaining people, humanoid robots with artificial intelligence for use in the provision of financial services, computers, data processing equipment, sim cards, eSIM cards, computer peripherals, computers, Global Positioning System (GPS) apparatus and equipment, computer workstations, servers, computer and telecommunications networking hardware, computer network adaptors, switches, routers and hubs, wireless and wired modems and communication cards and devices, computer bags, online electronic publications, digital music (downloadable from the Internet), pocket wifi devices, mouse mats, downloadable games, pictures, motion pictures, movies and music, electronic and video games programmes and software (including software downloadable from the Internet), electronic amusement and game apparatus, games and electronic toys, liquid crystal displays for telecommunications and electronic equipment, data storage programs, signboards, and user manuals; buying and selling agency services; selection of goods and procurement of goods for individuals and businesses; ordering services (for others); provision of business statistical information; organization of exhibitions for commercial or advertising purposes; business investigation; business administration services for the processing of sales made on the Internet; business referral services and personnel placement; document reproduction; transcription services; customer relationship management; business management services relating to electronic commerce; business management and administration services relating to sponsorship programmes; charitable services, namely organizing and conducting volunteer programmes and community service projects; provision of commercial and business contact information; search engine optimization; web site traffic optimization; pay per click advertising; commercial intermediation services; business management for freelance service providers; negotiation and conclusion of commercial transactions for third parties; updating and maintenance of data in computer databases; promotion of goods and services through sponsorship; sponsorship search; purchasing services; procurement services for others; providing commercial trading and consumer information and advice for consumers in the choice of products and services; computerised point-of-sale data collection services; promoting the sale of goods and services by others by awarding points for credit card use or mobile financial software application use; promotional information and advisory services provided to members, subscribers and users of incentive loyalty schemes and reward programs; promoting the sale of goods and services of others by means of contests and incentive award programs; promotional services in the nature of bonus programmes for purchases of selected goods and services, including the supply of benefits in connection with environmentally-conscious purchase and lifestyle choices; provision of advertising, business management and data processing services by the use of artificial intelligence; the bringing together, for the benefit of others, of a variety of goods, namely, digital collectibles, namely, digital art, digital music, digital videos, and downloadable files authenticated by non-fungible tokens; provision of an online marketplace for buyers and sellers of digital assets, digital collectibles, and goods authenticated by non-fungible tokens; operating an online marketplace for buyers and sellers of digital assets, digital collectibles, and goods authenticated by non-fungible tokens; online auction services featuring non-fungible assets, digital assets, and digital collectibles; information, consultancy and advisory services all relating to the aforesaid services. Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption of tokens of value in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services. Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto, industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware, software and artificial intelligence software; software as a service (SaaS); blockchain as a service (BaaS); platform as a service (PaaS); infrastructure as a service [IaaS]; encryption, decryption and authentication of information, messages and data; providing user authentication services using biometric, facial recognition, finger print authentication, voice recognition and other types of hardware and software authentication technology for provision of financial services, e-commerce transactions, donations, licensed product tracking and fan engagement; data security services; IT security, protection and restoration; computer security threat analysis for protecting data; provision of security services for computer networks, computer access and computerised transactions; certification (quality control) of data via blockchain; data authentication via blockchain; including all of the aforementioned services for use in connection with payment systems; computer design and development services in connection with transmitting information, data, documents, and images over the Internet; application service provider (ASP) services, namely, hosting computer software applications of others; application service provider (ASP) services providing software in the fields of web-based conferencing, audio conferencing, electronic messaging, document collaboration, video conferencing, and voice and call processing; providing online non-downloadable software for facilitating the interoperability of multiple software applications; technical support services relating to computer software and applications provided online, by email and by telephone; computer services, namely, creating an online community for registered users to participate in discussions, get feedback from their peers, form virtual communities, engage in social networking, and exchange documents; computer service relating to creating indexes of information, sites and resources on computer networks; providing search engines; design of mobile telephones and smart phones; design of digital cameras; research, design and product development services in connection with payment terminals and electronic payment systems; technical support services relating to payment terminals and electronic payment systems; computer services, namely computer system administration for others; computer programming; computer integration services; computer analysis services; computer programming in relation to the defence against virus; computer system software services; computer system design; design and development of webpages; hosting webpages for others; hosting computer application software for searching and retrieving information from databases and computer networks; providing technical information at the specific request of end-users by means of telephone or global computer network; consultancy services in relation to computer software; computer services relating to customized searching of computer databases and websites; computer and electronic signal coding and decoding; conversion of physical data and documents into electronic media format; product testing and evaluation services; computer information services; network information services, namely, providing technical information relating to computers and networks in the field of business and e-commerce; provision of computer security risk management programs; computer security information and testing services; quality assurance services; computer services relating to certification of business transactions and preparation of reports therefor; access control to (security services for-) computers, electronic networks and databases; security of data transmission services and of transactions via computer networks services; consultancy in the field of data security; technological consultancy concerning securing telecommunications; computerized communication network security services; authentication services for computer security; online authentication of electronic signatures; off-site data backup; electronic data storage; providing information on computer technology and programming via a web site; cartography services; cloud computing; cloud hosting provider services; providing temporary use of non-downloadable cloud-based software and cloud computing software; providing virtual computer systems and virtual computer environments through cloud computing; rental of entertainment software; technical research in the field of carbon offsetting; provision of scientific information, advice and consultancy in relation to carbon offsetting and environmental protection; providing technological information about environmentally-conscious and green innovations; environmental testing, assessment and monitoring services; scientific research in the fields of environmental protection and conservation; research and provision of scientific information in the field of climate change; scientific and industrial consultation services relating to fuels, fuel and carbon dioxide emissions and environmental issues; scientific and technological services relating to recommendation of courses of action to reduce carbon dioxide emission in a cost effective manner; scientific and technological services relating to management of carbon offset programmes; providing non-downloadable open source software; providing temporary use of non-downloadable cloud-based software for software development and collaboration in the software development process, namely, working with the source code and its browsing, editing, development, enhancement and testing; writing, design and development of computer code; computer software testing, namely, source code review; consulting services in the field of source code and application software development, implementation, maintenance, repair, analysis, security, and optimization; providing non-downloadable software for use in relation to code development, code editing, code testing, Application Programming Interface (API) selection and integration, code language selection and integration, plugins selection and integration, code deployment and integration; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for use in relation to code development, code editing, code testing, Application Programming Interface (API) selection and integration, code language selection and integration, plugins selection and integration, code deployment and integration; providing non-downloadable software for use in relation to source code repository management, data storage and backup, database management, and facilitating the exchange of information via the Internet featuring collaboration tools; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for use in relation to source code repository management, data storage and backup, database management, and facilitating the exchange of information via the Internet featuring collaboration tools; designing, creating and hosting of bill payment websites; network information services, namely, providing technical information relating to computers and networks in the field of payments including contactless payments; providing temporary use of online non-downloadable computer software for tracking and analyzing payment activity; providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software to evaluate and detect fraud and illegality in payment transactions, and manage compliance validation; providing non-downloadable software for use in relation to electronic payments and contactless transactions; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for use in relation to electronic payments and contactless transactions; providing non-downloadable software for mobile commerce, loyalty and rewards programs, and digital voucher redemption; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for mobile commerce, loyalty and rewards programs, and digital voucher redemption; providing non-downloadable software for generating, scanning, and recognizing matrix barcodes; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for generating, scanning, and recognizing matrix barcodes; providing non-downloadable software for use as an electronic wallet, digital wallet, and cryptocurrency wallet, and for facilitating top-up services and value storage for such wallets; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for use as an electronic wallet, digital wallet, and cryptocurrency wallet, and for facilitating top-up services and value storage for such wallets; providing non-downloadable software for use in relation to blockchain technology, blockchain infrastructure, blockchain cybersecurity, tokenisation of real-world assets, digital assets, digital asset exchange transactions, decentralized finance (DeFi) and integrating traditional financial systems with blockchain technology; Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) featuring software for use in relation to blockchain technology, blockchain cybersecurity, tokenisation of real-world assets, digital assets, digital asset exchange transactions, decentralized finance (DeFi) and integrating traditional financial systems with blockchain technology; providing non-downloadable software for electronically creating, accessing, exchanging, trading, transmitting, managing, storing, sending, receiving, and accepting digital assets, digital currencies, cryptocurrencies, stable coins, virtual currencies, digital securities, digital tokens, and digital collectibles, and for facilitating users' ability to view, analyse, record, store, monitor, manage, trade, and exchange these assets, as well as manage related payment and exchange transactions; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for electronically creating, accessing, exchanging, trading, transmitting, managing, storing, sending, receiving, and accepting digital assets, digital currencies, cryptocurrencies, stable coins, virtual currencies, digital securities, digital tokens, and digital collectibles, and for facilitating users' ability to view, analyse, record, store, monitor, manage, trade, and exchange these assets, as well as manage related payment and exchange transactions; providing non-downloadable cryptography software for ensuring security and compliance in blockchain transactions; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring cryptography software for ensuring security and compliance in blockchain transactions; providing non-downloadable software to enable the building of applications on the blockchain, interaction with blockchain smart contracts, and asset and information exchange; Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) featuring software for the building of applications on the blockchain, interaction with blockchain smart contracts, and asset and information exchange; providing non-downloadable artificial intelligence software, artificial and virtual reality immersion software, and artificial intelligence software in the field of humanoid robots and robots working alongside humans; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring artificial intelligence software, artificial and virtual reality immersion software and artificial intelligence software in the field of humanoid robots and robots working alongside humans; providing non-downloadable software for facilitating interaction and communication between humans and artificial intelligence platforms, namely, bots, virtual agents and virtual assistants; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for facilitating interaction and communication between humans and artificial intelligence platforms, namely, bots, virtual agents and virtual assistants; providing non-downloadable Robotic Process Automation [RPA] and Intelligent Process automation [IPA] software; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring Robotic Process Automation [RPA] and Intelligent Process automation [IPA] software; providing non-downloadable software for controlling and managing embodied artificial intelligence systems, namely artificial intelligence apparatus, humanoid robots and autonomous machines; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for controlling and managing embodied artificial intelligence systems, namely artificial intelligence apparatus, humanoid robots and autonomous machines; providing non-downloadable artificial intelligence software for use in relation to marketing, cloud computing, data analytics, predicting trends, customer support, cybersecurity and IT infrastructure protection, Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring artificial intelligence software for use in relation to marketing, cloud computing, data analytics, predicting trends, customer support, cybersecurity and IT infrastructure protection; providing non-downloadable software for use in relation to artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence driven humanoid robots and robots working alongside humans, machine learning, deep learning, natural language generation, statistical learning, supervised learning, un-supervised learning, predictive and prescriptive analytics, process and task automation, computer vision, internet of things (IoT) and smart data discovery; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for use in relation to artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence driven humanoid robots and robots working alongside humans, machine learning, deep learning, natural language generation, statistical learning, supervised learning, un-supervised learning, predictive and prescriptive analytics, process and task automation, computer vision, internet of things (IoT) and smart data discovery; providing non-downloadable software for use in relation to process and task automation, business analytics, business intelligence, data integration, data warehousing, data mining, data processing, data sharing, data collection, data interpretation, data queries, data visualization and data analytics; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for use in relation to process and task automation, business analytics, business intelligence, data integration, data warehousing, data mining, data processing, data sharing, data collection, data interpretation, data queries, data visualization and data analytics; providing non-downloadable software for the provision, communication and administration of loyalty, incentive, reward and redemption scheme, membership scheme, electronic vouchers, electronic wallets, electronic coupons, electronic direct marketing, customer relationship management, marketing campaign, customer database, transaction management, reminders or other messages; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for the provision, communication and administration of loyalty, incentive, reward and redemption scheme, membership scheme, electronic vouchers, electronic wallets, electronic coupons, electronic direct marketing, customer relationship management, marketing campaign, customer database, transaction management, reminders or other messages; providing non-downloadable software for the provision of omnichannel marketing solutions; Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) featuring software for the provision of omnichannel marketing solutions; design and development of medical technology and related computer software; design and development of artificial intelligence apparatus and humanoid robots; technical development services in the field of artificial intelligence and software engineering; research in the field of artificial intelligence and humanoid robots and robots working with humans; advanced product research in the field of artificial intelligence; providing artificial intelligence computer programs on data networks; Infrastructure as a Service [IaaS] for the provision of artificial intelligence; hosting of websites for the provision of artificial intelligence; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Produits et services

Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs; clearing and reconciling financial transactions via a global computer network; online banking services and financial services; credit card services; processing and transmission of bills and payments thereof, and providing insurance for financial transactions; funds transfer services; transfer of payments for others via the internet; financial services in the nature of bill payment services and processing services; provision of financial information via the Internet; issuing of travel vouchers services; capital investments; financial evaluation [insurance, banking, real estate]; asset management services; financial consultancy and advisory services; securities brokerage services, stock exchange quotation services; stocks and bonds brokerage, financial analysis; debit card services, charge card services and cheque guarantee services; financial clearing services; credit verification via global computer information network; electronic credit risk management services; electronic purchase payment and electronic bill payment services; issuance of stored value cards, charge cards and debit cards; information services relating to finance and insurance, provided online from a computer database or the Internet; agency for collection of gas and electricity fees; charitable fund raising; online payment services; issuing of vouchers; provision of electronic funds transfer services; monetary exchange services, provision of prepaid cards and tokens; remittance services and money transfer services; financial transaction services, namely, providing secure payment and remittance transactions; including all of the aforementioned services provided by electronic means; foreign currency transfer services; foreign currency exchange; currency trading; currency dealing; brokerage of currency; financial transactions via blockchain; fundraising and financial sponsorship; brokerage of carbon offsets; financial sponsorship of carbon offset programmes; funding of and investment in emissions reduction projects; investment in emissions reduction funds; provision of loans; providing temporary loans; electronic wallet services (payment services); payment services and transfer of funds by means of payment terminals; financial services, namely, the provision of contactless mobile payments through merchants at retail, online and wholesale locations; financial risk management services; financial transaction analysis, namely, analyzing transactions for payment fraud, illegality and compliance with payment transaction regulations and antifraud and money laundering controls; providing purchase protection services for goods and services purchased by others via a global computer network and wireless networks, namely, providing fraud reimbursement services in the field of credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases, and providing secure commercial transactions for credit card purchases and electronic payment purchases; reimbursement of funds for disputed items in the field of electronic payment purchases; financial services in relation to and for facilitating the buying, selling, trading and management of digital currency, blockchain tokens, and other digital assets on a trading platform; financial services related to digital wallets and electronic wallets, including secure storage and transaction processing of digital assets; issuance of tokens of value; redeeming the tokens of value of others for payment of goods or services; financial consultancy services related to blockchain technology, digital assets, smart contracts and the integration of traditional and decentralised financial systems; financial services (trading of digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin and virtual currency); digital currency wallet services; custodian electronic wallet services in relation to digital currency, cryptocurrency, stable coin, digital payment tokens and virtual currency; Issuance, transmission and transfer of stable coins and digital payment tokens; financial services relating to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; exchange and redemption services in relation to customer loyalty, incentive and reward programs; providing discount card services and other rebate services as part of a customer loyalty program; providing rebates at participating establishments of others through use of a membership card; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to the aforesaid services.

Abrégé

One or more embodiments of the present specification provides cross-blockchain interaction systems. One system includes: one or more anchor devices, wherein at least one of the one or more anchor devices comprises a first client terminal associated with a first blockchain network, and wherein the first client terminal is configured to monitor cross-blockchain requests sent from the first blockchain network; and one or more relay devices, wherein at least one of the one or more relay devices comprises a second client terminal associated with a second blockchain network that monitors cross-blockchain requests intended for the second blockchain network.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for providing blockchain-based data authorization. One of the methods includes receiving, by a blockchain node, a data acquisition transaction submitted by a data user for obtaining target data possessed by a data owner, determining, by the blockchain node, that the data user has obtained authorization of the target data, and executing, by the blockchain node, a smart contract invoked by the data acquisition transaction to issue an authorization token to the data user in response to determining that the data user has authorization of the target data, where the authorization token is sent to a privacy computing platform.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/00 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité
• H04L 9/40 - Protocoles réseaux de sécurité
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Storage devices are divided into subgroups and assigned to subsystems based on data input and data output frequencies of the subsystems. Each subgroup of storage devices is associated with a corresponding subsystem. A subsystem with higher data input and data output frequencies is assigned a higher number of solid state drives than a subsystem with lower data input and data output frequencies.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 3/06 - Entrée numérique à partir de, ou sortie numérique vers des supports d'enregistrement
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

This disclosure relates to recording blockchain ledger data. In one aspect, a method includes capturing, by a first evidence-capturing node of multiple evidence-capturing nodes of a blockchain network comprising multiple nodes, network evidence from a target evidence source. A first evidence hash of the captured network evidence is calculated. The first evidence hash is sent to other evidence-capturing nodes. Additional evidence hashes are received from the other evidence-capturing nodes. For each set of matching evidence hashes, an evidence hash group that includes the set of matching evidence hashes is generated. A count number of evidence hashes in the evidence hash group is determined for each evidence hash group. A given evidence hash group having a largest count number is identified. A given evidence hash corresponding to the matching evidence hashes of the given evidence hash group is determined as a trusted evidence hash.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• G06F 16/958 - Organisation ou gestion de contenu de sites Web, p. ex. publication, conservation de pages ou liens automatiques
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

A method and an apparatus for creating an index in a blockchain-type ledger, and a device are disclosed. According to one implementation, a method may include obtaining, by a centralized database server, a data record, wherein the data record is stored in a blockchain-type ledger, and wherein the data record comprises a service attribute and a sequence number; determining location information of the data record in the blockchain-type ledger, wherein the location information comprises a block height of a data block comprising the data record, and an offset of the data record in the data block; establishing a mapping relationship between the service attribute, the location information, and the sequence number; and based on the sequence number, writing the mapping relationship to an index.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/20 - Recherche d’informationsStructures de bases de données à cet effetStructures de systèmes de fichiers à cet effet de données structurées, p. ex. de données relationnelles
• G06F 16/22 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage
• G06Q 50/26 - Services gouvernementaux ou services publics
• G06F 16/248 - Présentation des résultats de requêtes
• G06F 16/2455 - Exécution des requêtes
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training a musical work adaptation quality evaluation model. One of the methods includes: obtaining a plurality of adapted musical work samples; separating audio tracks of each of the plurality of adapted musical work samples; determining instrument information identifying instruments played in each of the audio tracks; performing originality analysis on each of the audio tracks to obtain an originality value corresponding to each audio track; for each of the audio tracks, using a combination of the instrument information and the originality value corresponding to the particular audio track of the adapted musical work samples as a sample feature; and training a musical work adaptation quality evaluation model by using sample features of corresponding adapted musical work samples as input, and a predetermined evaluation score of the corresponding adapted musical work sample as output.

Classes IPC  ?

• G10H 1/00 - Éléments d'instruments de musique électrophoniques

Abrégé

One or more implementations of the present specification provide a blockchain-based data authorization method and apparatus. The method can include receiving, by a blockchain node, an authentication transaction submitted by a privacy computing platform, where the authentication transaction queries whether a data user has obtained authorization of target data possessed by a data owner, and in response to determining that the data user has obtained authorization of the target data, executing, by the blockchain node, a smart contract invoked by the authentication transaction to provide an authorization token to the privacy computing platform that instructs the privacy computing platform to obtain the target data, and send a computational result of one or more predetermined computational operations based on the target data to the data user.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04K 1/00 - Communications secrètes
• H04L 9/00 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité
• H04L 9/28 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant un algorithme de chiffrement particulier
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/40 - Protocoles réseaux de sécurité
• G06F 21/60 - Protection de données
• H04L 9/30 - Clé publique, c.-à-d. l'algorithme de chiffrement étant impossible à inverser par ordinateur et les clés de chiffrement des utilisateurs n'exigeant pas le secret
• G06F 21/57 - Certification ou préservation de plates-formes informatiques fiables, p. ex. démarrages ou arrêts sécurisés, suivis de version, contrôles de logiciel système, mises à jour sécurisées ou évaluation de vulnérabilité
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Implementations of this specification provide signature verification methods and apparatuses for a blockchain ledger. An example method includes receiving by a server, a signature verification instruction that comprises a verification object parameter and a hash value. The verification object parameter includes a third-party parameter, a platform parameter, or a time service certificate parameter, the verification object parameter indicates a type of a to-be-verified object, and the server is configured to store data by using the blockchain ledger. The server obtains the to-be-verified object based on the verification object parameter and the hash value. The type of the to-be-verified object includes a third-party digital signature, a server digital signature, or a time service certificate. The server sends the to-be-verified object to a client for verification by the client.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Computer-implemented methods, non-transitory, computer-readable media, and computer-implemented systems for data verification are provided. When a blockchain-type ledger needs to be verified, integrity verification can be first performed on block headers in a coordinator node only. After the verification succeeds, a second verification instruction can be further distributed to data nodes, so that the data nodes perform data block internal verification in parallel.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 16/28 - Bases de données caractérisées par leurs modèles, p. ex. des modèles relationnels ou objet

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, for securely executing smart contract operations in a trusted execution environment (TEE). One of the methods includes establishing, by a key management (KM) TEE of a KM node, a trust relationship with a plurality of KM TEEs in a plurality of KM nodes based on performing mutual attestations with the plurality of KM TEEs; initiating a consensus process with the plurality of KM TEEs for reaching consensus on providing one or more encryption keys to a service TEE of the KM node; in response to reaching the consensus with the plurality of KM TEEs, initiating a local attestation process with a service TEE in the KM node; determining that the local attestation process is successful; and in response to determining that the local attestation process is successful, providing one or more encryption keys to the TEE executing on the computing device.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés
• H04L 9/14 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant plusieurs clés ou algorithmes
• G06F 21/62 - Protection de l’accès à des données via une plate-forme, p. ex. par clés ou règles de contrôle de l’accès
• H04L 9/40 - Protocoles réseaux de sécurité
• G06F 21/53 - Contrôle des utilisateurs, des programmes ou des dispositifs de préservation de l’intégrité des plates-formes, p. ex. des processeurs, des micrologiciels ou des systèmes d’exploitation au stade de l’exécution du programme, p. ex. intégrité de la pile, débordement de tampon ou prévention d'effacement involontaire de données par exécution dans un environnement restreint, p. ex. "boîte à sable" ou machine virtuelle sécurisée

Abrégé

Implementations of the present specification provide a blockchain-based transaction method and apparatus, and a remitter device. The method includes: calculating a transaction amount commitment, a first commitment random number ciphertext, and a second commitment random number ciphertext; and submitting transaction data to the blockchain, the transaction data including the transaction amount commitment, the first commitment random number ciphertext, and the second commitment random number ciphertext, for the transaction amount commitment and the first commitment random number ciphertext to be recorded into a remitter account, and the transaction amount commitment and the second commitment random number ciphertext to be recorded into a remittee account.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives
• G06Q 20/36 - Architectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement caractérisés par l'emploi de dispositifs spécifiques utilisant des portefeuilles électroniques ou coffres-forts électroniques
• G06Q 20/38 - Protocoles de paiementArchitectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement leurs détails
• G06Q 20/06 - Circuits privés de paiement, p. ex. impliquant de la monnaie électronique utilisée uniquement entre les participants à un programme commun de paiement
• H04L 9/00 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés

Abrégé

Examples of a data transmission method and apparatus in TEE systems are described. One example of the method includes: obtaining first data; obtaining a write offset address by reading a first address; obtaining a read offset address by reading a second address; determining whether the number of bytes in the first data is less than or equal to the number of writable bytes, where the number of writable bytes is determined based on the write offset address and the read offset address, and each address corresponds to one byte; when the number of bytes in the first data is less than or equal to the number of writable bytes, writing the first data into third addresses starting from the write offset address; and updating the write offset address in the first address.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 21/00 - Dispositions de sécurité pour protéger les calculateurs, leurs composants, les programmes ou les données contre une activité non autorisée
• G06F 21/60 - Protection de données
• G06F 12/06 - Adressage d'un bloc physique de transfert, p. ex. par adresse de base, adressage de modules, extension de l'espace d'adresse, spécialisation de mémoire

Abrégé

Implementations of the present specification provide a blockchain-based transaction method and apparatus, and a remitter device. The method includes: calculating a transaction amount commitment, a first commitment random number ciphertext, a first transaction amount ciphertext, a second commitment random number ciphertext, and a second transaction amount ciphertext; and submitting transaction data to the blockchain, the transaction data including the transaction amount commitment, the first commitment random number ciphertext, the first transaction amount ciphertext, the second commitment random number ciphertext, and the second transaction amount ciphertext, for the transaction amount commitment, the first commitment random number ciphertext, and the first transaction amount ciphertext to be recorded into a remitter account, and the transaction amount commitment, the second commitment random number ciphertext, and the second transaction amount ciphertext to be recorded into a remittee account.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• G06Q 20/06 - Circuits privés de paiement, p. ex. impliquant de la monnaie électronique utilisée uniquement entre les participants à un programme commun de paiement
• G06Q 20/38 - Protocoles de paiementArchitectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement leurs détails
• H04L 9/00 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système

Abrégé

Disclosed are method and device of issuing a reward to a work user on the basis of a blockchain. A blockchain network comprises a plurality of service nodes, the service nodes have authorities to publish works to the blockchain, a virtual resource is used as a transfer medium among the plurality of service nodes to conduct a copyright-related transfer. For a service node using a target work, a reward is issued to the service node by means of a consensus mechanism in the blockchain network, such that a virtual resource corresponding to the service node is increased.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 21/10 - Protection de programmes ou contenus distribués, p. ex. vente ou concession de licence de matériel soumis à droit de reproduction
• G06Q 20/10 - Architectures de paiement spécialement adaptées aux systèmes de transfert électronique de fondsArchitectures de paiement spécialement adaptées aux systèmes de banque à domicile
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

A computer-implemented index creation method includes obtaining, by a server storing data in a blockchain ledger, an identifier, in which the identifier identifies an attribute value of a data record; determining location information of the data record in the blockchain ledger, in which the location information includes a block height of a data block in which the data record is located and an offset of the data record in the data block; and writing the location information into an index, in which the index stores a correspondence between the location information and the attribute value, the attribute value being used as a primary key in the index.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 21/64 - Protection de l’intégrité des données, p. ex. par sommes de contrôle, certificats ou signatures
• G06F 16/903 - Requêtes
• G06F 16/901 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Implementations of the present specification disclose a consensus verification method, apparatus, and device. In the implementations of the present specification, for each piece of service data, if first consensus verification on the service data fails, a first node determines whether the service data satisfies a predetermined retry condition instead of directly considering the service data to be invalid. If the predetermined retry condition is satisfied, then the service data is stored as service data to be retried. The first node can perform the first consensus verification on the service data to be retried in response to determining that a predetermined retry execution condition is triggered.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• H04L 29/08 - Procédure de commande de la transmission, p.ex. procédure de commande du niveau de la liaison
• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives

Abrégé

This disclosure relates to blockchain-type storage of receipt data. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a to-be-stored data record including a first service attribute. Execution information of the to-be-stored data record is determined. A previous data record is obtained from a blockchain-type ledger. The previous data record includes a second service attribute that is the same as the first service attribute. Each data block in the blockchain-type ledger includes a block header and a block body. A hash value of the previous data record is determined. A receipt record is generated. The receipt record includes the hash value of the previous data record and the execution information of the to-be-stored data record. The to-be-stored data record and the receipt record are written into a same block body in the blockchain-type ledger.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 16/901 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage
• G06F 16/9035 - Filtrage basé sur des données supplémentaires, p. ex. sur des profils d'utilisateurs ou de groupes

Abrégé

Methods and apparatuses for retrieving blockchain data are disclosed. One method comprises: receiving a data retrieving request that comprises a target transaction identifier; identifying a transaction storage location that corresponds to the target transaction identifier as a target transaction storage location based on a pre-stored correspondence between transaction identifiers of transactions recorded on a blockchain associated with the blockchain network and transaction storage locations of the transactions; and retrieving data from the target transaction storage location in the blockchain.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06Q 20/38 - Protocoles de paiementArchitectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement leurs détails
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système

Abrégé

Methods, systems and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for verifying credibility of a consortium blockchain, including obtaining, by a client device of a consortium blockchain that comprises a plurality of nodes, respective addresses of the plurality of nodes; sending, by the client device, a simplified payment verification (SPV) request to each node of the plurality of nodes based on the respective addresses of the plurality of nodes, wherein each SPV request comprises a digest hash of the transaction; receiving, at the client device, a respective verification result returned by each node of the plurality of nodes that received the SPV request; and determining, by the client device, credibility of the consortium blockchain based on a consistency degree of the respective verification results returned by the plurality of nodes.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives
• G06Q 20/38 - Protocoles de paiementArchitectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement leurs détails
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système

Abrégé

Methods, systems and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for consortium blockchain network-based service processing. In one example, the method includes generating, by a target client device associated with a target service node of a consortium blockchain network, a service-related transaction; sending, by the target client device, the service-related transaction to the target service node; determining that the service-related transaction has not been recorded in the consortium blockchain network by the target service node; identifying, by the target client device, one node identifier in a candidate list maintained at the target client device as a designated node identifier; and sending, by the target client device, the service-related transaction to a different service node in the consortium blockchain network that corresponds to the designated node identifier.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/08 - Procédure de commande de la transmission, p.ex. procédure de commande du niveau de la liaison

Abrégé

Disclosed are methods and systems for recording data based on a plurality of blockchain networks. One method comprises: generating a first-type blockchain transaction comprising the data; transmitting the first-type blockchain transaction to the first-type blockchain network; recording one or more first-type blockchain transactions into a first-type block; recording the first-type block on a blockchain of the first-type blockchain network; obtaining the first-type block; generating a second-type blockchain transaction comprising the transaction hash; transmitting each second-type blockchain transaction to the second-type blockchain network; recording one or more second-type blockchain transactions into a second-type block; and recording the second-type block on a blockchain of the second-type blockchain network.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• G06F 21/62 - Protection de l’accès à des données via une plate-forme, p. ex. par clés ou règles de contrôle de l’accès
• G06F 21/64 - Protection de l’intégrité des données, p. ex. par sommes de contrôle, certificats ou signatures
• G06Q 50/18 - Services juridiques
• G06Q 40/04 - TransactionsOpérations boursières, p. ex. actions, marchandises, produits dérivés ou change de devises

Abrégé

Disclosed are methods and systems for reading data based on a plurality of blockchain networks. One method comprises: receiving a first-type transaction hash sent by a user, wherein the first-type transaction hash is a hash value of a first-type blockchain transaction associated with a first-type blockchain network; identifying, by the node based on querying a blockchain of the second-type blockchain network, a second-type blockchain transaction that comprises the first-type transaction hash; identifying, by the node, a network identifier from the second-type blockchain transaction; sending the first-type transaction hash to a first-type blockchain network corresponding to the network identifier to obtain the first-type blockchain transaction; and providing the first-type blockchain transaction to the user.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed are methods and systems for retrieving data based on a plurality of blockchain networks. One method comprises: receiving a first-type transaction hash sent by a user, wherein the first-type transaction hash is a hash value of a first-type blockchain transaction associated with a first-type blockchain network, wherein the first-type blockchain network and the second-type blockchain network are comprised in a data recording system; identifying a second-type blockchain transaction that comprises the first-type transaction hash; identifying a network identifier from the second-type blockchain transaction; identifying a first-type blockchain transaction corresponding to the first-type transaction hash from a blockchain of a first-type blockchain network corresponding to the network identifier; and providing the first-type blockchain transaction to the user.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour

Abrégé

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for enhancing blockchain network security. Implementations include receiving a request for data from the data source, transmitting the request to a relay system that is external to the blockchain network and that includes a multi-node cluster including a plurality of relay system nodes, receiving a result provided from a relay system node, the result being digitally signed using a private key of the relay system node, verifying that the relay system node is registered, verifying an integrity of the result based on a public key of the relay system node and a digital signature of the result in response to verifying that the relay system node is registered, and transmitting the result to a client in response to verifying the integrity of the result.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• G06F 21/71 - Protection de composants spécifiques internes ou périphériques, où la protection d'un composant mène à la protection de tout le calculateur pour assurer la sécurité du calcul ou du traitement de l’information
• H04L 9/30 - Clé publique, c.-à-d. l'algorithme de chiffrement étant impossible à inverser par ordinateur et les clés de chiffrement des utilisateurs n'exigeant pas le secret

Abrégé

One or more implementations of the present specification relate to blockchain-based cross-chain data access methods and apparatuses, and electronic devices. An access request that is specific to target data and that is sent by a node device is obtained. The target data is stored in a target blockchain of a multi-chain system that comprises a plurality of blockchains. The access request comprises an access path of the target data. The target blockchain that the target data is located in is determined based on the access path of the target data. A corresponding data access driver configured for the target blockchain is determined based on the access path of the target data. The data access driver is invoked to parse the access request and to access the target data.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/955 - Recherche dans le Web utilisant des identifiants d’information, p. ex. des localisateurs uniformisés de ressources [uniform resource locators - URL]
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 16/957 - Optimisation de la navigation, p. ex. mise en cache ou distillation de contenus
• G06F 16/958 - Organisation ou gestion de contenu de sites Web, p. ex. publication, conservation de pages ou liens automatiques

Abrégé

Disclosed are methods and systems for recording data based on a plurality of blockchain networks. One method comprises: in response to receiving data to be recorded, generating a first-type blockchain transaction comprising the data; transmitting the first-type blockchain transaction to the first-type blockchain network; recording one or more first-type blockchain transactions into a first-type block; recording the first-type block on a blockchain of the first-type blockchain network; determining a transaction hash of each of the one or more first-type blockchain transactions in the first-type block; recording one or more second-type blockchain transactions into a second-type block; and recording the second-type block on a blockchain of the second-type blockchain network.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives
• G06Q 20/38 - Protocoles de paiementArchitectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement leurs détails
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for storing blockchain data based on error correction code. One of the methods includes determining, by a blockchain node, block data associated with a current block of a blockchain; performing error correction coding of the block data to generate encoded data; dividing, based on one or more predetermined rules, the encoded data into a plurality of data sets; storing, based on the one or more predetermined rules, one or more data sets of the plurality of data sets; hashing each data set of remaining data sets of the plurality of data sets to generate one or more hash values corresponding to the remaining data sets; and storing the one or more hash values.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 21/62 - Protection de l’accès à des données via une plate-forme, p. ex. par clés ou règles de contrôle de l’accès
• G06F 11/10 - Détection ou correction d'erreur par introduction de redondance dans la représentation des données, p. ex. en utilisant des codes de contrôle en ajoutant des chiffres binaires ou des symboles particuliers aux données exprimées suivant un code, p. ex. contrôle de parité, exclusion des 9 ou des 11

Abrégé

A computer-implemented method includes receiving, by a first blockchain node, an encrypted transaction comprising a smart contract that includes code, wherein the code of the smart contract comprises a contract state indicated by a privacy identifier; decrypting, by the first blockchain node, the encrypted transaction to obtain the code of the smart contract in plaintext; executing, by the first blockchain node, the code of the smart contract in plaintext in a trusted execution environment; encrypting, by the first blockchain node using a key, the contract state indicated by the privacy identifier; and writing, by the first blockchain node, the encrypted contract state indicated by the privacy identifier to a database.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 20/38 - Protocoles de paiementArchitectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement leurs détails
• G06Q 20/06 - Circuits privés de paiement, p. ex. impliquant de la monnaie électronique utilisée uniquement entre les participants à un programme commun de paiement
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives

Abrégé

This disclosure relates to recording blockchain ledger data. In one aspect, a method includes capturing, by a first evidence-capturing node of multiple evidence-capturing nodes of a blockchain network comprising multiple nodes, network evidence from a target evidence source. A first evidence hash of the captured network evidence is calculated. The first evidence hash is sent to other evidence-capturing nodes. Additional evidence hashes are received from the other evidence-capturing nodes. For each set of matching evidence hashes, an evidence hash group that includes the set of matching evidence hashes is generated. A count number of evidence hashes in the evidence hash group is determined for each evidence hash group. A given evidence hash group having a largest count number is identified. A given evidence hash corresponding to the matching evidence hashes of the given evidence hash group is determined as a trusted evidence hash.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• G06F 16/958 - Organisation ou gestion de contenu de sites Web, p. ex. publication, conservation de pages ou liens automatiques
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

A computer-implemented method includes receiving, by a node in a blockchain network from a client node, a service initiation transaction broadcasted to the blockchain network, wherein each node of blockchain network comprises a blockchain virtual machine, an instruction set of the blockchain virtual machine comprises an XML processing instruction, and XML processing logic corresponding to the XML processing instruction is deployed in the blockchain virtual machine, an instruction set of a smart contract compiler comprises the XML processing instruction, and a service smart contract compiled by the smart contract compiler comprises the XML processing instruction, and is deployed in the blockchain network; invoking, using the blockchain virtual machine, the service smart contract; and triggering, using the blockchain virtual machine, execution of the XML processing logic based on the XML processing instruction in the service smart contract to perform an XML processing operation on data to be processed.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/00 - Recherche d’informationsStructures de bases de données à cet effetStructures de systèmes de fichiers à cet effet
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• G06F 16/958 - Organisation ou gestion de contenu de sites Web, p. ex. publication, conservation de pages ou liens automatiques
• G06F 8/41 - Compilation
• G06F 9/455 - ÉmulationInterprétationSimulation de logiciel, p. ex. virtualisation ou émulation des moteurs d’exécution d’applications ou de systèmes d’exploitation

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for implementing service execution. One of the methods includes receiving a service request sent by a user by a service device. The service device determines a service execution policy that matches the service request based on a predetermined data analysis model and the service request by performing data analysis on a first-type blockchain transaction in a blockchain of each first-type blockchain network of at least two first-type blockchain networks. A service is executed by the service device for the service request based on the service execution policy.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/08 - Procédure de commande de la transmission, p.ex. procédure de commande du niveau de la liaison
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for data processing. One of the methods includes maintaining, by a storage system, a plurality of storage devices that include at least a first tier storage device and a second tier storage device. The storage system receives a write request of a ledger data, determines whether a type of the ledger data is block data, and, in response to determining that the type of the ledger data is block data, writes the ledger data into the second tier storage device.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 12/00 - Accès à, adressage ou affectation dans des systèmes ou des architectures de mémoires
• G06F 13/00 - Interconnexion ou transfert d'information ou d'autres signaux entre mémoires, dispositifs d'entrée/sortie ou unités de traitement
• G06F 3/06 - Entrée numérique à partir de, ou sortie numérique vers des supports d'enregistrement
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for communicating and sharing blockchain data. One of the methods includes determining historic state data associated with one or more blocks created prior to a current block on a blockchain; performing error correction coding of the historic state data to generate encoded historic state data; dividing, based on one or more predetermined rules, the encoded historic state data into a plurality of data sets; selecting one or more data sets from the plurality of data sets based on the one or more predetermined rules; hashing the one or more data sets to generate one or more hash values corresponding to the one or more data sets; storing the one or more hash values; and deleting, by the blockchain node, the one or more data sets.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/182 - Systèmes de fichiers distribués
• G06F 16/13 - Structures d’accès aux fichiers, p. ex. indices distribués
• G06F 21/64 - Protection de l’intégrité des données, p. ex. par sommes de contrôle, certificats ou signatures
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for processing blockchain data under a trusted execution environment (TEE). One of the methods includes receiving, by a blockchain node, a request to execute one or more software instructions in a TEE executing on the blockchain node; determining, by a virtual machine in the TEE, data associated with one or more blockchain accounts to execute the one or more software instructions based on the request; traversing, by the virtual machine, a global state of a blockchain stored in the TEE to locate the data; and executing, by the virtual machine, the one or more software instructions based on the data.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 9/455 - ÉmulationInterprétationSimulation de logiciel, p. ex. virtualisation ou émulation des moteurs d’exécution d’applications ou de systèmes d’exploitation
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système

Abrégé

Disclosed are a method and system of storing a record of a copyright event based on a blockchain. Devices of some work service providers operating work-related services can serve as member nodes to form a consortium blockchain network. Each work service provider broadcasts copyright events generated based on its work-related services to the consortium blockchain network, so all the work service providers perform blockchain-based distributed storage.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 50/18 - Services juridiques
• G06F 16/27 - Réplication, distribution ou synchronisation de données entre bases de données ou dans un système de bases de données distribuéesArchitectures de systèmes de bases de données distribuées à cet effet
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for data processing. One of the methods includes determining, by a storage system from an index log file, information of a data log file stored in a storage device. The data log file includes one or more of block data, transaction data, or state data generated by a blockchain network. The storage system determines whether the data log file needs a rewritten placement. In response to determining that the data log file needs a rewritten placement, the storage system determines a source storage location of the data log file, reads the data log file from the source storage location, rewrites the data log file to a destination storage location; and generates a destination index log file that indicates the destination storage location corresponding to the data log file.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/18 - Types de systèmes de fichiers
• G06F 16/13 - Structures d’accès aux fichiers, p. ex. indices distribués
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• G06F 16/185 - Systèmes de gestion de stockage hiérarchisé, p. ex. migration de fichiers ou politiques de migration de fichiers

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for processing data requests. One of the methods include receiving, by a storage system, a processing request of data of a distributive ledger system. Types of the data of the distributive ledger system include block data, transaction data, state data, and index data. The storage system determines a type of the data among the types of the data of the distributive ledger system, and applies a type of a processing engine specified for processing the type of the data.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 7/00 - Procédés ou dispositions pour le traitement de données en agissant sur l'ordre ou le contenu des données maniées
• G06F 17/30 - Recherche documentaire; Structures de bases de données à cet effet
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for data processing and storage. One of the methods includes receiving, by a storage system, a plurality of write requests for storing a respective plurality of blockchain data in the storage system. Each of the plurality of the blockchain data includes: a value of one or more of a block, a transaction, or a state of a blockchain network, and a key corresponding to the value. The storage system appends the plurality of the blockchain data to a data log file according to a chronological order of the plurality of the blockchain data, and refrains from sorting the plurality of the blockchain data in the data log file according to respective keys of values in the plurality of the blockchain data.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• G06F 16/185 - Systèmes de gestion de stockage hiérarchisé, p. ex. migration de fichiers ou politiques de migration de fichiers
• G06F 3/06 - Entrée numérique à partir de, ou sortie numérique vers des supports d'enregistrement
• G06Q 20/38 - Protocoles de paiementArchitectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement leurs détails
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• G06F 16/18 - Types de systèmes de fichiers
• G06F 16/21 - Conception, administration ou maintenance des bases de données
• G06F 16/22 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for data processing and storage. One of the methods includes maintaining, by a storage system, a data log file in a source storage device of the storage system. The storage system identifies one or more characteristics of the data log file and one or more characteristics of the source storage device, and determines a migration metric of the data log file based on the one or more characteristics of the data log file and the one or more characteristics of the source storage device. The storage system determines whether to migrate the data log file according to the migration metric. In response to determining to migrate the data log file, the storage system migrates the data log file from a source location in the source storage device to a destination storage device.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 3/06 - Entrée numérique à partir de, ou sortie numérique vers des supports d'enregistrement
• H04L 67/1097 - Protocoles dans lesquels une application est distribuée parmi les nœuds du réseau pour le stockage distribué de données dans des réseaux, p. ex. dispositions de transport pour le système de fichiers réseau [NFS], réseaux de stockage [SAN] ou stockage en réseau [NAS]

Abrégé

Implementations of the present specification describe a computer-implemented method, medium, and system. In one computer-implemented method, a data reading request sent by a client device is received, where the data reading request includes a code value. When the code value is matched in first code value configuration data, a location value corresponding to the code value is obtained based on the first code value configuration data, where the first code value configuration data includes at least one code value that corresponds to a location value. When the location value satisfies a location value determining condition, block data identified by the location value is obtained. A reading result is sent to the client device based on the block data obtained.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 9/46 - Dispositions pour la multiprogrammation
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for storing blockchain data. One method includes receiving a request from an application component of a blockchain node to execute one or more software instructions in a trusted execution environment (TEE); determining one or more blockchain node blocks for executing the one or more software instructions; performing error correction coding of the one or more blocks in the TEE to generate one or more encoded blocks; dividing each of the one or more encoded blocks into a plurality of datasets; selecting one or more datasets from each of the one or more encoded blocks; and hashing the one or more datasets to generate one or more hash values corresponding to the one or more datasets for use in replacing the one or more datasets to save storage space of the blockchain node.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• G06F 11/10 - Détection ou correction d'erreur par introduction de redondance dans la représentation des données, p. ex. en utilisant des codes de contrôle en ajoutant des chiffres binaires ou des symboles particuliers aux données exprimées suivant un code, p. ex. contrôle de parité, exclusion des 9 ou des 11
• H03M 13/15 - Codes cycliques, c.-à-d. décalages cycliques de mots de code produisant d'autres mots de code, p. ex. codes définis par un générateur polynomial, codes de Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghen [BCH]
• G06F 16/22 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for data processing and storage. One of the method includes: maintaining a plurality of tiers of storage devices and one or more tiers of caches by a storage system for storing blockchain data, the plurality of tiers of storage devices including at least a higher-tier storage device and a lower-tier storage device; determining that a blockchain data object in a data log file stored in a lower-tier storage device is an active data object, wherein the blockchain data object is block data, transaction data, or state data; and writing the blockchain data object into a cache of the one or more tiers of caches.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 12/0811 - Systèmes de mémoire cache multi-utilisateurs, multiprocesseurs ou multitraitement avec hiérarchies de mémoires cache multi-niveaux
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour

Abrégé

A computer-implemented method includes: in response to a first client device invoking a transaction with respect to a target smart contract, obtaining, by a blockchain node device in a blockchain, encrypted contract codes of the target smart contract; transmitting the encrypted contract codes of the target smart contract to a trusted execution environment; in response to determining that the target smart contract is not a managed smart contract, extracting a decryption key stored in the trusted execution environment, in which the decryption key corresponds to the encrypted contract codes of the target smart contract; decrypting the encrypted contract codes of the target smart contract; executing the decrypted contract codes of the target smart contract in the trusted execution environment; encrypting the execution result; and transmitting the encrypted execution result to the distributed ledgers of the blockchain for storage.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 21/64 - Protection de l’intégrité des données, p. ex. par sommes de contrôle, certificats ou signatures
• G06F 21/60 - Protection de données

Abrégé

A method for processing a consensus request in a computer network comprises: determining a pending request set, the pending request set including one or more pending consensus requests; determining a number of subsets that are in a consensus stage, wherein the subsets comprise the pending consensus requests that are obtained from the pending request set; and when the number of subsets that are in the consensus stage is less than a preset concurrent number of the computer network, issuing a consensus proposal for a new subset to the computer network to cause the new subset to enter the consensus stage to process the pending consensus requests, wherein the preset concurrent number is an upper limit of the number of subsets that are permitted to be simultaneously in the consensus stage in the computer network.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/08 - Procédure de commande de la transmission, p.ex. procédure de commande du niveau de la liaison
• G06Q 20/02 - Architectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement impliquant un tiers neutre, p. ex. une autorité de certification, un notaire ou un tiers de confiance
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed are a dual transaction method and system based on centralization and decentralization. In the embodiments of the present description, when a designated member node receives a transaction request, in one aspect, transaction feasibility verification is carried out for the transaction request, a designated resource amount is deducted from a virtual resource account corresponding to a spending user identifier after the request passes the verification, and the designated resource amount is added to a virtual resource account corresponding to a payment-receiving user identification; in another aspect, target transaction information is broadcasted to a block chain network according to the transaction request, so that each member node distributes the target transaction information to a block chain on the basis of a consensus mechanism after the block chain network performs transaction feasibility verification on the target transaction information.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives

Abrégé

A method includes: receiving, by a service logic execution module of a designated member node, a transaction request comprising a paying user identifier of a paying user, a designated resource amount, and a receiving user identifier of a receiving user, the paying user paying the designated resource amount, and the receiving user receiving the designated resource amount, wherein the designated member node is one of a plurality of member nodes of a blockchain network; prior to the blockchain network performing consensus verification on the transaction request, performing, by the service logic execution module, transaction feasibility verification off the blockchain network according to the transaction request; sending, by the service logic execution module, an account balance modification instruction to a database management module of the designated member node in response to the transaction feasibility verification being successful.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives
• G06F 9/46 - Dispositions pour la multiprogrammation
• G06F 16/25 - Systèmes d’intégration ou d’interfaçage impliquant les systèmes de gestion de bases de données

Abrégé

A data processing computer-implemented method, medium, and system are disclosed. In one computer-implemented method, a target coordination server is selected from multiple coordination servers based on performance information of server clusters, where the multiple coordination servers respectively belong to multiple server clusters. A data processing request is sent to the target coordination server, so that a server cluster that the target coordination server belongs to can prioritize handling of the data processing request.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/08 - Procédure de commande de la transmission, p.ex. procédure de commande du niveau de la liaison
• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• G06F 9/50 - Allocation de ressources, p. ex. de l'unité centrale de traitement [UCT]
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training a musical work adaptation quality evaluation model. One of the methods includes: obtaining a plurality of adapted musical work samples; separating audio tracks of each of the plurality of adapted musical work samples; determining instrument information identifying instruments played in each of the audio tracks; performing originality analysis on each of the audio tracks to obtain an originality value corresponding to each audio track; for each of the audio tracks, using a combination of the instrument information and the originality value corresponding to the particular audio track of the adapted musical work samples as a sample feature; and training a musical work adaptation quality evaluation model by using sample features of corresponding adapted musical work samples as input, and a predetermined evaluation score of the corresponding adapted musical work sample as output.

Classes IPC  ?

• G10H 1/00 - Éléments d'instruments de musique électrophoniques

Abrégé

Disclosed are a method and system of storing a record of a copyright event in a blockchain through an agent. Devices of some work service providers operating work-related services can serve as member nodes to form a consortium blockchain network. Each work service provider broadcasts copyright events generated based on its work-related services to the consortium blockchain network, so all the work service providers perform blockchain-based distributed storage. In addition, the plurality of member nodes include at least one agenting member node; each agenting member node has a right to agent copyright event record storage for a non-member node corresponding to the agenting member node.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés

Abrégé

Embodiments of the present specification provide a method, an apparatus, a client terminal, and a server for data processing. The method includes: selecting, based on a data attribute of to-be-processed data, a target coordinating server from a plurality of coordinating servers, the plurality of coordinating servers belonging to a plurality of server clusters respectively; and sending a data processing request to the target coordinating server, such that a server cluster to which the target coordinating server belongs processes the data processing request preferentially, the data processing request directing to the to-be-processed data.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 67/1074 - Réseaux de pairs [P2P] pour la prise en charge des mécanismes de transmission de blocs de données
• G06F 9/50 - Allocation de ressources, p. ex. de l'unité centrale de traitement [UCT]
• G06Q 20/06 - Circuits privés de paiement, p. ex. impliquant de la monnaie électronique utilisée uniquement entre les participants à un programme commun de paiement
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• H04L 67/01 - Protocoles
• H04L 9/00 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité

Abrégé

A method and an apparatus for creating an index in a blockchain-type ledger, and a device are disclosed. According to one implementation, a method may include obtaining, by a centralized database server, a data record, wherein the data record is stored in a blockchain-type ledger, and wherein the data record comprises a service attribute and a sequence number; determining location information of the data record in the blockchain-type ledger, wherein the location information comprises a block height of a data block comprising the data record, and an offset of the data record in the data block; establishing a mapping relationship between the service attribute, the location information, and the sequence number; and based on the sequence number, writing the mapping relationship to an index.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/20 - Recherche d’informationsStructures de bases de données à cet effetStructures de systèmes de fichiers à cet effet de données structurées, p. ex. de données relationnelles
• G06F 16/22 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage
• G06Q 50/26 - Services gouvernementaux ou services publics
• G06F 16/248 - Présentation des résultats de requêtes
• G06F 16/2455 - Exécution des requêtes
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for storing blockchain data based on error correction code. One of the methods includes determining, by a blockchain node, block data associated with a current block of a blockchain; performing error correction coding of the block data to generate encoded data; dividing, based on one or more predetermined rules, the encoded data into a plurality of data sets; storing, based on the one or more predetermined rules, one or more data sets of the plurality of data sets; hashing each data set of remaining data sets of the plurality of data sets to generate one or more hash values corresponding to the remaining data sets; and storing the one or more hash values.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 21/62 - Protection de l’accès à des données via une plate-forme, p. ex. par clés ou règles de contrôle de l’accès

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for data processing and storage. One of the systems includes a first tier storage device with a first performance characteristic and a second tier storage device with a second performance characteristic inferior to the first performance characteristic. The first tier storage device stores a first data log file that includes first blockchain data generated by a blockchain network. The second tier storage device stores a second data log file that includes second blockchain data generated by the blockchain network at an earlier time than the first blockchain data.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• G06Q 20/06 - Circuits privés de paiement, p. ex. impliquant de la monnaie électronique utilisée uniquement entre les participants à un programme commun de paiement
• G06F 16/17 - Détails d’autres fonctions de systèmes de fichiers
• G06F 16/182 - Systèmes de fichiers distribués
• G06F 16/11 - Administration des systèmes de fichiers, p. ex. détails de l’archivage ou d’instantanés
• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives

Abrégé

A computer-implemented method, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, and computer-implemented system are provided for data transmission in a trusted execution environment (TEE) system. The method is executed by a first thread in multiple threads on a TEE side. The method includes obtaining first data; obtaining a TEE side thread lock; calling a predetermined function by using the first data as an input parameter to switch to a non-TEE side; obtaining a write offset address and a read offset address respectively by reading a first address and a second address; determining whether a quantity of bytes of the first data is less than or equal to a quantity of writable bytes; if so, writing the first data into third addresses starting from the write offset address; updating the write offset address in the first address; returning to the TEE side; and releasing the TEE side thread lock.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/30 - Clé publique, c.-à-d. l'algorithme de chiffrement étant impossible à inverser par ordinateur et les clés de chiffrement des utilisateurs n'exigeant pas le secret
• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• G06F 21/53 - Contrôle des utilisateurs, des programmes ou des dispositifs de préservation de l’intégrité des plates-formes, p. ex. des processeurs, des micrologiciels ou des systèmes d’exploitation au stade de l’exécution du programme, p. ex. intégrité de la pile, débordement de tampon ou prévention d'effacement involontaire de données par exécution dans un environnement restreint, p. ex. "boîte à sable" ou machine virtuelle sécurisée
• G06F 21/57 - Certification ou préservation de plates-formes informatiques fiables, p. ex. démarrages ou arrêts sécurisés, suivis de version, contrôles de logiciel système, mises à jour sécurisées ou évaluation de vulnérabilité
• G06F 12/0802 - Adressage d’un niveau de mémoire dans lequel l’accès aux données ou aux blocs de données désirés nécessite des moyens d’adressage associatif, p. ex. mémoires cache
• G06F 9/52 - Synchronisation de programmesExclusion mutuelle, p. ex. au moyen de sémaphores

Abrégé

A computer-implemented method, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, and computer-implemented system are provided for data transmission in a trusted execution environment (TEE) system. The method can be executed by a thread on a TEE side of the TEE system. The method includes obtaining first data; calling a predetermined function using the first data as an input parameter to switch to a non-TEE side; obtaining a write offset address by reading a first address; obtaining a read offset address by reading a second address; determining whether a quantity of bytes of the first data is less than or equal to a quantity of writable bytes; if so, writing the first data into third addresses starting from the write offset address; updating the write offset address in the first address; and returning to the TEE side.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 9/44 - Dispositions pour exécuter des programmes spécifiques
• G06F 21/57 - Certification ou préservation de plates-formes informatiques fiables, p. ex. démarrages ou arrêts sécurisés, suivis de version, contrôles de logiciel système, mises à jour sécurisées ou évaluation de vulnérabilité
• G06F 21/60 - Protection de données
• G06F 9/54 - Communication interprogramme

Abrégé

A computer-implemented method, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, and computer-implemented system are provided for data transmission in a trusted execution environment (TEE) system. The method executed by a first thread in multiple threads on a TEE side includes: obtaining first data; obtaining a TEE side thread lock; obtaining a write offset address and a read offset address respectively by reading a first address and a second address; determining whether a quantity of bytes of the first data to be transmitted is less than or equal to a quantity of writable bytes; if the quantity of bytes of the first data is less than or equal to the quantity of writable bytes, writing the first data into third addresses starting from the write offset address; updating the write offset address in the first address; and releasing the TEE side thread lock.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 9/54 - Communication interprogramme
• G06F 12/02 - Adressage ou affectationRéadressage
• G06F 21/60 - Protection de données
• G06F 9/52 - Synchronisation de programmesExclusion mutuelle, p. ex. au moyen de sémaphores

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for data processing. One of the methods includes maintaining, by a storage system, a plurality of storage devices that include at least a first tier storage device and a second tier storage device. The storage system receives a write request of a ledger data, determines whether a type of the ledger data is block data, and, in response to determining that the type of the ledger data is block data, writes the ledger data into the second tier storage device.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 12/00 - Accès à, adressage ou affectation dans des systèmes ou des architectures de mémoires
• G06F 13/00 - Interconnexion ou transfert d'information ou d'autres signaux entre mémoires, dispositifs d'entrée/sortie ou unités de traitement
• G06F 3/06 - Entrée numérique à partir de, ou sortie numérique vers des supports d'enregistrement
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour

Abrégé

A computer-implemented method, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, and computer-implemented system are provided for data transmission in a trusted execution environment (TEE) system. The method executed by a first thread in multiple threads on a TEE side includes: obtaining first data; obtaining a TEE side thread lock; obtaining a write offset address and a read offset address respectively by reading a first address and a second address; determining whether a quantity of bytes of the first data to be transmitted is less than or equal to a quantity of writable bytes; if the quantity of bytes of the first data is less than or equal to the quantity of writable bytes, writing the first data into third addresses starting from the write offset address; updating the write offset address in the first address; and releasing the TEE side thread lock.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 9/54 - Communication interprogramme
• G06F 9/52 - Synchronisation de programmesExclusion mutuelle, p. ex. au moyen de sémaphores
• G06F 21/60 - Protection de données
• G06F 12/02 - Adressage ou affectationRéadressage

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for data processing and storage. One of the systems includes a multi-tier storage subsystem including multiple tiers of storage devices, an input/output (I/O) subsystem that is configured to perform a write operation of blockchain data into a data log file, and a back-end data management subsystem that is configured to perform a management operation of the data log file stored in the one of the multiple tiers of storage devices.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes: maintaining multiple blockchains and a centralized trust timestamp blockchain in a centralized ledger system, each of the blockchains including a plurality of blocks storing transaction data, the timestamp blockchain including a plurality of timestamp blocks storing trust timestamp information of an independent trust time server for the blockchains, receiving timestamp requests for to-be-timestamped blocks in the blockchains, each of the timestamp requests including information of a respective to-be-timestamped block, receiving a timestamp and associated signature of the trust time server for the to-be-timestamped blocks from the trust time server, and storing information of the timestamp and the associated signature of the trust time server and the information of the to-be-timestamped blocks in a timestamp block of the timestamp blockchain.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Computer-implemented methods, computer-implemented systems, and non-transitory, computer-readable media for data manipulation record storage. One computer-implemented method includes: sending, by a server, one or more manipulation instructions to a database, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a structured query language (SQL) format; receiving, by the server from the database, an execution result of the one or more manipulation instructions; generating, by the server, one or more data records comprising the one or more manipulation instructions and the execution result; and determining, by the server, that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; and generating, by the server, the data block that includes at least a portion of the data records.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/00 - Recherche d’informationsStructures de bases de données à cet effetStructures de systèmes de fichiers à cet effet
• G06F 16/25 - Systèmes d’intégration ou d’interfaçage impliquant les systèmes de gestion de bases de données
• G06F 16/27 - Réplication, distribution ou synchronisation de données entre bases de données ou dans un système de bases de données distribuéesArchitectures de systèmes de bases de données distribuées à cet effet
• G06F 16/242 - Formulation des requêtes

Abrégé

This disclosure relates to blockchain-type storage of receipt data. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a to-be-stored data record including a first service attribute. Execution information of the to-be-stored data record is determined. A previous data record is obtained from a blockchain-type ledger. The previous data record includes a second service attribute that is the same as the first service attribute. Each data block in the blockchain-type ledger includes a block header and a block body. A hash value of the previous data record is determined. A receipt record is generated. The receipt record includes the hash value of the previous data record and the execution information of the to-be-stored data record. The to-be-stored data record and the receipt record are written into a same block body in the blockchain-type ledger.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 16/901 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage
• G06F 16/9035 - Filtrage basé sur des données supplémentaires, p. ex. sur des profils d'utilisateurs ou de groupes

Abrégé

A computer-implemented method includes: receiving, by a server storing one or more blockchain ledgers, an authorization request from a client, in which the authorization request includes a service end identifier and a user identifier; generating, based on the authorization request, a database authorization instruction corresponding to the authorization request and a ledger identifier corresponding to the authorization request; authorizing a service end corresponding to the service end identifier as a user in a blockchain ledger corresponding to the ledger identifier; configuring a permission value of the user in the blockchain ledger, in which the permission value determines a degree to which the service end can operate the blockchain ledger; and sending authorization information including the user identifier and the ledger identifier to the service end.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 21/00 - Dispositions de sécurité pour protéger les calculateurs, leurs composants, les programmes ou les données contre une activité non autorisée
• G06F 21/60 - Protection de données
• G06F 21/62 - Protection de l’accès à des données via une plate-forme, p. ex. par clés ou règles de contrôle de l’accès
• G06F 16/27 - Réplication, distribution ou synchronisation de données entre bases de données ou dans un système de bases de données distribuéesArchitectures de systèmes de bases de données distribuées à cet effet
• H04L 9/30 - Clé publique, c.-à-d. l'algorithme de chiffrement étant impossible à inverser par ordinateur et les clés de chiffrement des utilisateurs n'exigeant pas le secret
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système

Abrégé

A method includes: obtaining, by a server storing data in a blockchain ledger, compression point information of the blockchain ledger, in which the compression point information includes identification information of a specified data block, a server digital signature, and a user digital signature, in which the compression point information indicates that a specified portion of the blockchain ledger has passed an integrity verification, and in which the specified portion of the blockchain ledger includes data blocks in the blockchain ledger previous to the specified data block in the blockchain ledger; and compressing data of the specified portion of the blockchain ledger.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes: receiving timestamps and associated signatures from an independent trust time server associated with a trust time authority by a centralized ledger server in a centralized ledger system, storing the timestamps and the associated signatures in a centralized trust timestamp blockchain that stores trust timestamp information of the trust time server for the centralized ledger system that stores data in blockchains each including a plurality of blocks, receiving a timestamp request for a block of a blockchain from a ledger server associated with the blockchain by the centralized ledger server, and transmitting a timestamp and associated signature that is stored in the timestamp blockchain and corresponds to the timestamp request to the ledger server by the centralized ledger server.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• G06F 16/27 - Réplication, distribution ou synchronisation de données entre bases de données ou dans un système de bases de données distribuéesArchitectures de systèmes de bases de données distribuées à cet effet
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes: receiving timestamps and associated signatures from an independent trust time server associated with a trust time authority by a centralized ledger server in a centralized ledger system, storing the timestamps and the associated signatures in a centralized trust timestamp blockchain that stores trust timestamp information of the trust time server for the centralized ledger system that stores data in blockchains each including a plurality of blocks, receiving a timestamp request for a block of a blockchain from a ledger server associated with the blockchain by the centralized ledger server, and transmitting a timestamp and associated signature that is stored in the timestamp blockchain and corresponds to the timestamp request to the ledger server by the centralized ledger server.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• G06F 16/27 - Réplication, distribution ou synchronisation de données entre bases de données ou dans un système de bases de données distribuéesArchitectures de systèmes de bases de données distribuées à cet effet

Abrégé

This disclosure relates to blockchain-type storage of receipt data. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a to-be-stored data record including a first service attribute. Execution information of the to-be-stored data record is determined. A previous data record is obtained from a blockchain-type ledger. The previous data record includes a second service attribute that is the same as the first service attribute. Each data block in the blockchain-type ledger includes a block header and a block body. A hash value of the previous data record is determined. A receipt record is generated. The receipt record includes the hash value of the previous data record and the execution information of the to-be-stored data record. The to-be-stored data record and the receipt record are written into a same block body in the blockchain-type ledger.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 16/901 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage
• G06F 16/9035 - Filtrage basé sur des données supplémentaires, p. ex. sur des profils d'utilisateurs ou de groupes

Abrégé

Implementations of the specification include receiving transaction data associated with the transaction, the transaction data comprising: data representative of a plurality of assets, a first commitment hiding a first random number and a transaction amount of the transaction, a second commitment that hides a second random number and a change, the transaction amount and a third random number both encrypted by a public key of the second node, the change and a fourth random number both encrypted by a public key of the first node, and a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP); determining, based on the ZKP, whether the transaction is valid based on determining if the first random number is equal to the third random number, the second random number is equal to the fourth random number, and the transaction amount hidden in the first commitment is equal to the transaction amount encrypted by the public key of the second node.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• G06F 7/58 - Générateurs de nombres aléatoires ou pseudo-aléatoires
• G06N 7/00 - Agencements informatiques fondés sur des modèles mathématiques spécifiques
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés
• H04L 9/30 - Clé publique, c.-à-d. l'algorithme de chiffrement étant impossible à inverser par ordinateur et les clés de chiffrement des utilisateurs n'exigeant pas le secret
• H04L 9/00 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité

Abrégé

Implementations of this specification provide signature verification methods and apparatuses for a blockchain ledger. An example method includes receiving by a server, a signature verification instruction that comprises a verification object parameter and a hash value. The verification object parameter includes a third-party parameter, a platform parameter, or a time service certificate parameter, the verification object parameter indicates a type of a to-be-verified object, and the server is configured to store data by using the blockchain ledger. The server obtains the to-be-verified object based on the verification object parameter and the hash value. The type of the to-be-verified object includes a third-party digital signature, a server digital signature, or a time service certificate. The server sends the to-be-verified object to a client for verification by the client.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, devices, and apparatuses, including computer programs stored on computer-readable media, for data traversal. One of the methods includes: obtaining one or more key-value pairs from a program for use on a blockchain; indexing one or more keys of the one or more key-value pairs to generate an index, the index associating the one or more keys with an identifier of the program; and retrieving at least one value in the one or more key-value pairs based on the index.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 16/00 - Recherche d’informationsStructures de bases de données à cet effetStructures de systèmes de fichiers à cet effet
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• G06F 16/22 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage
• G06F 16/28 - Bases de données caractérisées par leurs modèles, p. ex. des modèles relationnels ou objet

Abrégé

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for determining evidence authenticity based on a blockchain ledger. The method includes: identifying target electronic evidence, providing a relatively high authenticity reference score for the target electronic evidence in response to that it is determined that the target electronic evidence is stored by at least one candidate blockchain ledger platform, and providing a relatively low authenticity reference score for the target electronic evidence in response to that it is determined that the target electronic evidence is not stored by at least one candidate blockchain ledger platform. If the target electronic evidence corresponds to a relatively high authenticity reference score, it indicates that the identified target electronic evidence has a relatively high degree of authenticity (possibility of being authentic) and a relatively low possibility of being tampered with.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 50/18 - Services juridiques
• G06F 16/27 - Réplication, distribution ou synchronisation de données entre bases de données ou dans un système de bases de données distribuéesArchitectures de systèmes de bases de données distribuées à cet effet
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• G06F 16/245 - Traitement des requêtes
• G06F 16/28 - Bases de données caractérisées par leurs modèles, p. ex. des modèles relationnels ou objet

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes transmitting a timestamp request for a to-be-timestamped block of a blockchain at a time point to a trust time server by a ledger server in a blockchain-based centralized ledger system that stores data in the blockchain, the trust time server being associated with a trust time authority and independent from the blockchain-based centralized ledger system, the blockchain including a plurality of blocks storing transaction data, and disregarding the timestamp request in response to determining that a predetermined time period has lapsed after the time point and that there has been no reply to the timestamp request from the trust time server.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus for securely executing smart contract operations in a trusted execution environment (TEE). One of the methods includes receiving, by a blockchain node participating in a blockchain network, a request to execute one or more software instructions in a service TEE hosted by the blockchain node, wherein the request is encrypted by a public key associated with the service TEE; decrypting the request with a first private key associated with the service TEE, wherein the first private key is paired with the public key; in response to decrypting the request, executing the one or more software instructions to produce an execution result; encrypting the execution result with a client encryption key associated with the service TEE to produce an encrypted result; and signing the encrypted result using a second private key associated with the TEE to produce a signed encrypted result.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• G06F 21/53 - Contrôle des utilisateurs, des programmes ou des dispositifs de préservation de l’intégrité des plates-formes, p. ex. des processeurs, des micrologiciels ou des systèmes d’exploitation au stade de l’exécution du programme, p. ex. intégrité de la pile, débordement de tampon ou prévention d'effacement involontaire de données par exécution dans un environnement restreint, p. ex. "boîte à sable" ou machine virtuelle sécurisée
• G06F 21/62 - Protection de l’accès à des données via une plate-forme, p. ex. par clés ou règles de contrôle de l’accès
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/14 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant plusieurs clés ou algorithmes
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes transmitting individual timestamp requests for to-be-timestamped blocks in a blockchain to a trust time server independent from a blockchain-based centralized ledger system that stores data in the blockchain, the blockchain including a plurality of blocks storing transaction data, receiving respective timestamps and associated signatures for the to-be-timestamped blocks from the trust time server, and storing information of the respective timestamps and associated signatures for the to-be-timestamped blocks in respective timestamped blocks in the blockchain, any adjacent two of the timestamped blocks in the blockchain being anchored with each other.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour

Abrégé

A computer-implemented index creation method includes obtaining, by a server storing data in a blockchain ledger, an identifier, in which the identifier identifies an attribute value of a data record; determining location information of the data record in the blockchain ledger, in which the location information includes a block height of a data block in which the data record is located and an offset of the data record in the data block; and writing the location information into an index, in which the index stores a correspondence between the location information and the attribute value, the attribute value being used as a primary key in the index.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 21/64 - Protection de l’intégrité des données, p. ex. par sommes de contrôle, certificats ou signatures
• G06F 16/903 - Requêtes
• G06F 16/901 - IndexationStructures de données à cet effetStructures de stockage
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for blockchain-based cross-entity authentication are provided. One of the methods includes: obtaining an authentication request by a first entity for authenticating a user, wherein the authentication request comprises a decentralized identifier (DID) of the user; in response to determining that the first entity is permitted to access authentication information of the user endorsed by a second entity, generating a blockchain transaction for obtaining an authentication result of the user by the second entity, wherein the authentication result is associated with the DID; and transmitting the blockchain transaction to a blockchain node for adding to a blockchain.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/30 - Clé publique, c.-à-d. l'algorithme de chiffrement étant impossible à inverser par ordinateur et les clés de chiffrement des utilisateurs n'exigeant pas le secret

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for processing blockchain data under a trusted execution environment (TEE). One of the methods includes receiving, by a blockchain node, a request to execute one or more software instructions in a TEE executing on the blockchain node; determining, by a virtual machine in the TEE, data associated with one or more blockchain accounts to execute the one or more software instructions based on the request; traversing, by the virtual machine, a global state of a blockchain stored in the TEE to locate the data; and executing, by the virtual machine, the one or more software instructions based on the data.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 9/455 - ÉmulationInterprétationSimulation de logiciel, p. ex. virtualisation ou émulation des moteurs d’exécution d’applications ou de systèmes d’exploitation
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système

Abrégé

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for performing view change. One of the methods is to be implemented on a blockchain and performed by a first node of N nodes in a view change protocol. The method includes: multicasting a view change message to at least some of the N nodes; obtaining, respectively from at least Q second nodes of the N nodes, at least Q echo messages each comprising: a consistent current view known to the second node indicating a primary node designated among the N nodes, and a consistent current sequence number known to the second node, the current sequence number associated with a latest transaction or a latest block, the current sequence number is larger than a first sequence number known to the first node; and responsive to obtaining the at least Q echo messages, ending the view change protocol.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 11/07 - Réaction à l'apparition d'un défaut, p. ex. tolérance de certains défauts
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• G06F 11/14 - Détection ou correction d'erreur dans les données par redondance dans les opérations, p. ex. en utilisant différentes séquences d'opérations aboutissant au même résultat
• G06F 11/18 - Détection ou correction d'erreur dans une donnée par redondance dans le matériel en utilisant un masquage passif du défaut des circuits redondants, p. ex. par logique combinatoire des circuits redondants, par circuits à décision majoritaire
• H04L 1/16 - Dispositions pour détecter ou empêcher les erreurs dans l'information reçue en utilisant un canal de retour dans lesquelles le canal de retour transporte des signaux de contrôle, p. ex. répétition de signaux de demande

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for processing blockchain data under a trusted execution environment (TEE). One of the methods includes receiving, by a blockchain node, a request to execute one or more software instructions in a TEE executing on the blockchain node; determining, by a virtual machine in the TEE, data associated with one or more blockchain accounts to execute the one or more software instructions based on the request; traversing, by the virtual machine, an internal cache hash table stored in the TEE to determine whether the data are included in the internal cache hash table; and in response to determining that the data is included in the internal cache hash table, executing, by the virtual machine, the one or more software instructions by retrieving the data from the internal cache hash table.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 21/53 - Contrôle des utilisateurs, des programmes ou des dispositifs de préservation de l’intégrité des plates-formes, p. ex. des processeurs, des micrologiciels ou des systèmes d’exploitation au stade de l’exécution du programme, p. ex. intégrité de la pile, débordement de tampon ou prévention d'effacement involontaire de données par exécution dans un environnement restreint, p. ex. "boîte à sable" ou machine virtuelle sécurisée
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• G06F 9/455 - ÉmulationInterprétationSimulation de logiciel, p. ex. virtualisation ou émulation des moteurs d’exécution d’applications ou de systèmes d’exploitation

Abrégé

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for retrieval of data from external data sources for processing within a blockchain network. One of the methods includes receiving a request for data from a data source, the request including plaintext data and encrypted data, the encrypted data including access data and a hash of the plaintext data; transmitting the request to one relay system component external to the blockchain network; receiving a result from the relay system component that is digitally signed using a private key of the relay system component; verifying an integrity of the result based on a public key of the relay system component; and transmitting the result to a user computing device in response to verifying the integrity of the result.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• G06F 21/64 - Protection de l’intégrité des données, p. ex. par sommes de contrôle, certificats ou signatures
• H04L 9/30 - Clé publique, c.-à-d. l'algorithme de chiffrement étant impossible à inverser par ordinateur et les clés de chiffrement des utilisateurs n'exigeant pas le secret
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés
• H04L 9/14 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant plusieurs clés ou algorithmes

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage devices, for data processing and storage. One of the methods includes receiving, by a storage system, a processing request of data of a centralized ledger system. Types of the data of the centralized ledger system include block data, transaction data, and index data. The storage system determines a type of the data among the types of the data of the centralized ledger system, and applies a type of a processing engine specified for processing the type of the data according to a characteristic of the type of the data.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06F 17/00 - Équipement ou méthodes de traitement de données ou de calcul numérique, spécialement adaptés à des fonctions spécifiques
• G06F 16/182 - Systèmes de fichiers distribués
• G06F 16/18 - Types de systèmes de fichiers
• G06F 16/215 - Amélioration de la qualité des donnéesNettoyage des données, p. ex. déduplication, suppression des entrées non valides ou correction des erreurs typographiques
• G06F 16/13 - Structures d’accès aux fichiers, p. ex. indices distribués

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes: receiving timestamps and associated signatures from an independent trust time server associated with a trust time authority by a centralized ledger server in a centralized ledger system, storing the timestamps and the associated signatures in a centralized trust timestamp blockchain that stores trust timestamp information of the trust time server for the centralized ledger system that stores data in blockchains each including a plurality of blocks, receiving a timestamp request for a block of a blockchain from a ledger server associated with the blockchain by the centralized ledger server, and transmitting a timestamp and associated signature that is stored in the timestamp blockchain and corresponds to the timestamp request to the ledger server by the centralized ledger server.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• G06F 16/27 - Réplication, distribution ou synchronisation de données entre bases de données ou dans un système de bases de données distribuéesArchitectures de systèmes de bases de données distribuées à cet effet
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, for securely executing smart contract operations in a trusted execution environment (TEE). One of the methods includes establishing, by a key management (KM) TEE of a KM node, a trust relationship with a plurality of KM TEEs in a plurality of KM nodes based on performing mutual attestations with the plurality of KM TEEs; initiating a consensus process with the plurality of KM TEEs for reaching consensus on providing one or more encryption keys to a service TEE of the KM node; in response to reaching the consensus with the plurality of KM TEEs, initiating a local attestation process with a service TEE in the KM node; determining that the local attestation process is successful; and in response to determining that the local attestation process is successful, providing one or more encryption keys to the TEE executing on the computing device.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• H04L 9/08 - Répartition de clés
• H04L 9/14 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant plusieurs clés ou algorithmes
• G06F 21/62 - Protection de l’accès à des données via une plate-forme, p. ex. par clés ou règles de contrôle de l’accès
• G06F 21/53 - Contrôle des utilisateurs, des programmes ou des dispositifs de préservation de l’intégrité des plates-formes, p. ex. des processeurs, des micrologiciels ou des systèmes d’exploitation au stade de l’exécution du programme, p. ex. intégrité de la pile, débordement de tampon ou prévention d'effacement involontaire de données par exécution dans un environnement restreint, p. ex. "boîte à sable" ou machine virtuelle sécurisée

Abrégé

Blockchain-based exchange method and apparatus for available resource quotas are disclosed. An example of method comprises: selecting, by a management node of a blockchain network, a set of object nodes as a target object according to a selection rule; determining, by the management node for each object node in the target object, a resource quota; determining, by the management node for the each object node, virtual resources corresponding to the resource quota as virtual resource decrements corresponding to the object node; and constructing, by the management node, a quota exchange transaction comprising the determined virtual resource decrements corresponding to the object node, and adding the quota exchange transaction to a blockchain on the blockchain network.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 20/06 - Circuits privés de paiement, p. ex. impliquant de la monnaie électronique utilisée uniquement entre les participants à un programme commun de paiement
• G06Q 20/12 - Architectures de paiement spécialement adaptées aux systèmes de commerce électronique
• G06Q 20/36 - Architectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement caractérisés par l'emploi de dispositifs spécifiques utilisant des portefeuilles électroniques ou coffres-forts électroniques
• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Blockchain-based methods and devices for pre-exchanging available resource quotas are disclosed. An example of method comprises: selecting, by a management node of a blockchain network, an object node as a pre-exchange node according to a pre-selection rule; determining, by the management node for the pre-exchange node, a resource quota; generating, by the management node, a target smart contract based on the resource quota, wherein the target smart contract is executable to deduct virtual resources corresponding to the resource quota from future increments of virtual resources of the pre-exchange node stored on a blockchain that is on the blockchain network; and storing, by the management node, the target smart contract on the blockchain.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives
• G06Q 30/02 - MarketingEstimation ou détermination des prixCollecte de fonds
• G06Q 20/32 - Architectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement caractérisés par l'emploi de dispositifs spécifiques utilisant des dispositifs sans fil
• G06Q 20/34 - Architectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement caractérisés par l'emploi de dispositifs spécifiques utilisant des cartes, p. ex. cartes à puces ou cartes magnétiques
• G06Q 20/38 - Protocoles de paiementArchitectures, schémas ou protocoles de paiement leurs détails
• G06Q 40/04 - TransactionsOpérations boursières, p. ex. actions, marchandises, produits dérivés ou change de devises
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• G06F 9/50 - Allocation de ressources, p. ex. de l'unité centrale de traitement [UCT]
• G06F 21/10 - Protection de programmes ou contenus distribués, p. ex. vente ou concession de licence de matériel soumis à droit de reproduction
• G06Q 10/06 - Ressources, gestion de tâches, des ressources humaines ou de projetsPlanification d’entreprise ou d’organisationModélisation d’entreprise ou d’organisation
• G06Q 10/10 - BureautiqueGestion du temps
• G06Q 20/12 - Architectures de paiement spécialement adaptées aux systèmes de commerce électronique
• G06Q 40/02 - Opérations bancaires, p. ex. calcul d'intérêts ou tenue de compte
• G06Q 50/18 - Services juridiques

Abrégé

A computer-implemented supply chain method includes obtaining, by a core node of a blockchain, from a ledger of the blockchain, a financing transaction published by a light node of the blockchain, in which the financing transaction includes account receivable information; determining, by the core node, a grant limit of financing, a repayment period of the financing, and a loan interest rate of the financing based on the account receivable information; and publishing, by the core node, to the ledger, a financing management smart contract, in which the financing management smart contract specifies the determined grant limit of the financing, the determined repayment period of the financing, and the determined loan interest rate of the financing, and in which the financing management smart contract is invocable by the light node to complete a management operation of the financing.

Classes IPC  ?

• G06Q 40/02 - Opérations bancaires, p. ex. calcul d'intérêts ou tenue de compte
• G06Q 10/08 - Logistique, p. ex. entreposage, chargement ou distributionGestion d’inventaires ou de stocks
• G06Q 20/40 - Autorisation, p. ex. identification du payeur ou du bénéficiaire, vérification des références du client ou du magasinExamen et approbation des payeurs, p. ex. contrôle des lignes de crédit ou des listes négatives
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for toll fee charging. One of the computer-implemented methods includes obtaining information of a vehicle traveling on a toll road, where the vehicle is associated with a user account on a payment platform. For the vehicle and to a blockchain, recording a travel history by using a blockchain node corresponding to the tolling system in a blockchain network, where the travel history comprises a distance the vehicle is driven on the toll road. In response to determining that the distance the vehicle is driven reaches a predetermined distance, charging a toll fee using the payment platform.

Classes IPC  ?

• G07B 15/04 - Dispositions ou appareils pour encaisser le prix des billets ou les droits d’entrée ou de péage en un ou plusieurs points de contrôle prenant en compte un facteur variable tel que la distance ou le temps, p. ex. pour le transport de passagers, les systèmes de parcs de stationnement ou les systèmes de location de véhicules comportant des dispositifs pour donner le passage par une barrière, un tourniquet ou analogues
• G07B 15/06 - Dispositions pour la tarification routière modulable ou la taxation de congestion de véhicules ou d’utilisateurs de véhicules, p. ex. systèmes de péage automatiques
• G06Q 20/14 - Architectures de paiement spécialement adaptées aux systèmes de facturation
• H04W 4/44 - Services spécialement adaptés à des environnements, à des situations ou à des fins spécifiques pour les véhicules, p. ex. communication véhicule-piétons pour la communication entre véhicules et infrastructures, p. ex. véhicule à nuage ou véhicule à domicile
• G06K 7/10 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture de supports d'enregistrement par radiation électromagnétique, p. ex. lecture optiqueMéthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture de supports d'enregistrement par radiation corpusculaire
• G06Q 10/10 - BureautiqueGestion du temps
• G06Q 20/10 - Architectures de paiement spécialement adaptées aux systèmes de transfert électronique de fondsArchitectures de paiement spécialement adaptées aux systèmes de banque à domicile
• G06Q 40/02 - Opérations bancaires, p. ex. calcul d'intérêts ou tenue de compte
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 67/12 - Protocoles spécialement adaptés aux environnements propriétaires ou de mise en réseau pour un usage spécial, p. ex. les réseaux médicaux, les réseaux de capteurs, les réseaux dans les véhicules ou les réseaux de mesure à distance

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes transmitting a timestamp request for a to-be-timestamped block of a blockchain at a time point to a trust time server by a ledger server in a blockchain-based centralized ledger system that stores data in the blockchain, the trust time server being associated with a trust time authority and independent from the blockchain-based centralized ledger system, the blockchain including a plurality of blocks storing transaction data, and disregarding the timestamp request in response to determining that a predetermined time period has lapsed after the time point and that there has been no reply to the timestamp request from the trust time server.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes transmitting individual timestamp requests for to-be-timestamped blocks in a blockchain to a trust time server independent from a blockchain-based centralized ledger system that stores data in the blockchain, the blockchain including a plurality of blocks storing transaction data, receiving respective timestamps and associated signatures for the to-be-timestamped blocks from the trust time server, and storing information of the respective timestamps and associated signatures for the to-be-timestamped blocks in respective timestamped blocks in the blockchain, any adjacent two of the timestamped blocks in the blockchain being anchored with each other.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 29/06 - Commande de la communication; Traitement de la communication caractérisés par un protocole
• H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour

Abrégé

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for storing blockchain data. One of the methods includes determining, by a blockchain node, one or more blocks that are infrequently visited; performing error correction coding of the one or more blocks to generate one or more encoded blocks; dividing, based on one or more predetermined rules, each of the one or more encoded blocks to a plurality of data sets; selecting one or more data sets from the plurality of data sets of each of the one or more encoded blocks based on the one or more predetermined rules; hashing the one or more data sets to generate one or more hash values corresponding to the one or more data sets; storing the one or more hash values; and deleting the one or more data sets.

Classes IPC  ?

• H04L 1/00 - Dispositions pour détecter ou empêcher les erreurs dans l'information reçue
• G06F 11/10 - Détection ou correction d'erreur par introduction de redondance dans la représentation des données, p. ex. en utilisant des codes de contrôle en ajoutant des chiffres binaires ou des symboles particuliers aux données exprimées suivant un code, p. ex. contrôle de parité, exclusion des 9 ou des 11
• G06F 16/23 - Mise à jour
• H03M 13/15 - Codes cycliques, c.-à-d. décalages cycliques de mots de code produisant d'autres mots de code, p. ex. codes définis par un générateur polynomial, codes de Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghen [BCH]
• H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES