A high temperature process is provided, which can melt, atomize and spheroidize a coarse angular powder into a fine and spherical one. It uses thermal plasma to melt the particle in a heating chamber and a supersonic nozzle to accelerate the stream and break up the particles into finer ones.
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
C22C 1/04 - Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
2.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HIGH PURITY SPHERICAL METALLIC POWDERS AT HIGH PRODUCTION RATES FROM ONE OR TWO WIRES
The present application relates to a plasma atomization process and apparatus for producing metallic powders from at least one wire/rod feedstock. In the process, an electrical arc is applied between the at least one wire/rod feedstock, and a plasma torch is employed to generate a supersonic plasma stream at an apex at which the electric arc is transferred to the at least one wire/rod to melt and atomize the at least one wire/rod feedstock to produce the metallic powders. An anti-satellite diffuser is employed to prevent recirculation of the powders in order to avoid satellite formation.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier. The remaining soot along with the volatile organic compounds is further treated in a secondary gasifier where the soot and the volatile compounds mix with a high temperature plasma jet and a metered amount of air, oxygen or steam, and are converted into a synthesis gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then quenched and cleaned to form a clean fuel gas suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner. This offers higher thermal efficiency than conventional technology and produces a cleaner fuel than other known alternatives.
In a fossil fuel waste incineration or plasma gasification process, waste heat generated by combustion of waste is captured by a heat transfer fluid and conveyed to an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for energy recovery. In the case of a fossil fuel-fired waste incineration system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a double-walled combustion chamber, a heat exchanger being used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). In the case of a plasma waste gasification system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a plasma torch, a gasification chamber and combustion chamber cooling jackets as well as any other high-temperature components requiring cooling, and then a heat exchanger used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). The heat exchanger may take on several configurations, including plate or shell and tube configurations.
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
F01K 13/02 - Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
F23G 5/16 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
A process is disclosed of making silicon by carbothermic reduction of silica having a low carbon footprint, low NOx emission, and reduced resource usage in the form of carbon. Also disclosed is a carbon capture method for a silicon making process by carbothermic reduction of silica using a combination of thermal plasma and high-pressure disproportionation of CO(g).
C01B 33/025 - Preparation by reduction of silica or silica-containing material with carbon or a solid carbonaceous material, i.e. carbo-thermal process
An apparatus for producing metallic powders from molten feedstock includes a heating source for melting a solid feedstock into a molten feed, and a crucible for containing the molten feed. A liquid feed tube is also provided to feed the molten feed as a molten stream. A plasma source delivers a plasma stream, with the plasma stream being adapted to be accelerated to a supersonic velocity and being adapted to then impact the molten stream for producing metallic powders. The feed tube extends from the crucible to a location where a supersonic plasma plume atomizes the molten stream. The plasma source includes at least two plasma torches provided with at least one supersonic nozzle aimed towards the molten stream. The multiple plasma torches are disposed symmetrically about the location where the supersonic plasma plumes atomize the molten stream, such as in a ring-shaped configuration.
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
H05H 1/42 - Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
A process and an apparatus are disclosed for improved recovery of metal from hot and cold dross, wherein a dross-treating furnace is provided with a filling material with capacity to store heat. This filling material is preheated to a desired temperature by injection of an oxidizing gas to burn non-recoverable metal remaining in the filling material after tapping of the recoverable metal contained in the dross and discharging of the treatment residue. When dross is treated in such furnace, the heat emanating by conduction from the filling material is sufficient to melt and separate the recoverable metal contained in the dross, without addition of an external heat source, such as fuel or gas burners, plasma torches or electric arcs and without use of any salt fluxes. Furthermore, the recovered metal being in the molten state can be fed to the molten metal holding furnace without cooling the melt.
F27B 7/06 - Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
F27B 7/10 - Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined internally heated, e.g. by means of passages in the wall
F27B 7/16 - Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum
F27B 7/20 - Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined - Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
F27D 3/16 - Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
9.
PLASMA PROCESS TO CONVERT SPENT POT LINING (SPL) TO INERT SLAG, ALUMINUM FLUORIDE AND ENERGY
Apparatus for converting Spent Pot Lining (SPL) into inert slag, aluminum fluoride and energy includes a plasma arc furnace such that the destruction of SPL occurs therein. The furnace generates an electric arc within the waste, which arc travels from an anode to a cathode and destroys the waste due to the arc's extreme temperature, thereby converting a mineral fraction of SPL into vitrified inert slag lying within a crucible of the furnace. The furnace gasifies the carbon content of the SPL and produces a well-balanced syngas. The gasification takes place due to the controlled intake of air and steam into the furnace. The gasification reaction liberates significant amount of energy. Steam captures this excess energy, to provide part of the oxygen requirement for gasification and to contribute to raise the syngas H2 content. Steam also contributes to converting some SPL fluorides (NaF and Al2F3) into hydrogen fluoride. The plasma SPL processing system is compact (occupying less area than some competitive methods of SPL treatment), can be installed in close proximity to the aluminium plant (minimizing transportation of SPL and AlF3), and requires only electricity as its energy source and thus no fossil fuels.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
04 - Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; fuels
06 - Common metals and ores; objects made of metal
07 - Machines and machine tools
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
Goods & Services
Metallic and ceramic nanopowders and micrometric size
powders for use in manufacturing, in industry and science;
metallic spherical powders for use in manufacturing, in
industry and science; plasma treated metallic powders for
use in manufacturing, in industry and science. Synthetic gas produced from the conversion of waste and
biomass; fuel gas; fuel for use in burners for the
production of heat and to fuel internal combustion engines. Small items of metal hardware in the nature of plasma
torches, treatment chambers, and controls, parts and
accessories thereof, for use in processing materials and
compounds, namely, metals, metal alloys, by means of high
temperature plasma process; metals in powder form; alloys of
common metals in powder form. Gasifiers; apparatus for generating electricity and heat
from waste and biomass; machinery namely waste and biomass
to electricity converters electricity, heat and steam
produced from the conversion of waste, chemical feed stock,
slag, and gas, namely, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; plasma
machines for the vitrification of asbestos containing waste;
plasma machines for the conversion of spent pot lining and
waste from the aluminum industry into syngas used as fuel
and products such as fluoric acid and aluminum fluoride. Thermal plasma torches and ancillary systems such as gas
control system, ignition system, cooling system, PLC
controller and power supply; plasma incinerators for the
destruction of end-of-life refrigerant, including plasma
reactor, feed system and off-gas cleaning system; plasma
incinerators for the destruction of chemical warfare agents,
including plasma reactor, feed system and off-gas cleaning
system; plasma incinerators for the destruction of shipboard
waste, including plasma reactor, feed system and off-gas
cleaning system; rotary tilting furnaces for the recovery of
metal from dross, such as aluminum and zinc dross; plasma
electric torches; waste treatment to energy plant; heating
apparatus for production of methane, hydrogen, carbon
dioxide and liquid fuels; rotary furnaces, fired by a
thermal plasma torch, for the treatment of PFAS containing
wastewater treatment sludge; thermal plasma reactor and
process for the pyrolysis of methane and hydrocarbons to
produce hydrogen and solid carbon forms; thermal plasma
process for the dry reforming of methane with recycled of
co2 to produce syngas; thermal plasma systems for the
spheroidization of metallic and ceramic powders; gas
generation plants. Services for the recovery of metal from aluminum and zinc
dross; processing of metal. Energy production; production of electricity from waste and
biomass; transformation of waste namely, waste treatment,
waste incineration, fuel preparation, fuel-to-gas
conversion, synthesis gas treatment; waste processing
services namely converting of waste into electricity; custom
manufacturing of gasification systems for waste disposal and
conversion systems, resource management, electricity
generation, steam and heat production, and chemical
feedstock production; disposal and conversion of
carbonaceous material such as waste and coal into various
products such as steam, chemical feed stock, heat,
electricity, slag, and gas, including carbon monoxide and
hydrogen, and delivery of the products for sale or for use;
valuation realization services for providing operational and
capital costs for waste disposal services. Engineering and techno-economic studies for the treatment of
waste by plasma.
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
04 - Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; fuels
06 - Common metals and ores; objects made of metal
07 - Machines and machine tools
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
Goods & Services
Energy production; production of electricity from waste and biomass; transformation of waste, namely, waste treatment, waste incineration, fuel preparation in the nature of fuel processing and fuel treatment services, fuel-to-gas conversion in the nature of refinement of fuel materials, synthesis gas treatment; waste processing services, namely, converting of waste into electricity; custom manufacturing of gasification systems for waste disposal and conversion, resource management, electricity generation, steam and heat production, and chemical feedstock production; disposal and conversion of carbonaceous material, namely, waste and coal into various products, namely, steam, chemical feed stock, heat, electricity, slag, and carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, and delivery of the products for sale or for use Metal oxide and ceramic nanopowders and micrometric size powders for use in manufacturing, in industry and science; metal oxide spherical powders for use in manufacturing, in industry and science; plasma treated metal oxide powders for use in manufacturing, in industry and science Synthetic fuel gas produced from the conversion of waste and biomass; fuel gas; fuel for use in burners for the production of heat and to fuel internal combustion engines Common metals in powder form used in manufacturing; alloys of common metals in powder form used in manufacturing Gasifiers; apparatus for generating electricity and heat from waste and biomass, namely, plasma treatment systems comprised of a high frequency, high voltage generator, controls, and treatment chamber and structural parts therefor; machinery, namely, waste and biomass to electricity converters in the nature of generators which produce electricity produced from the conversion of waste, chemical feed stock, slag, and gas, namely, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; plasma machines for the vitrification of asbestos containing waste; plasma machines for the conversion of spent pot lining and waste from the aluminum industry into synthetic gas used as fuel and other products, namely, fluoric acid and aluminum fluoride Plasma incinerators for the destruction of end-of-life refrigerant, comprised of a plasma reactor, feed module and off-gas cleaning machine; plasma incinerators for the destruction of chemical warfare agents, comprised of a plasma reactor, feed module and off-gas cleaning machine; plasma incinerators for the destruction of shipboard waste, comprised of a plasma reactor, feed module and off-gas cleaning machine; rotary tilting furnaces for the recovery of metal from dross, namely, aluminum and zinc dross; waste treatment to energy plant; heating apparatus for production of methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and liquid fuels; rotary furnaces, fired by a thermal plasma torch, for the treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) containing wastewater treatment sludge; hydrogen generators in the nature of thermal plasma reactors based on thermal decomposition of methane and hydrocarbons; thermal plasma systems for the dry reforming of methane to produce synthetic gas, comprised of a plasma reactor, feed module and off-gas cleaning machine; thermal plasma systems for the spheroidization of metallic and ceramic powders, comprised of a plasma reactor, feed module and off-gas cleaning machine; synthetic gas generation plants Services for the recovery of metal from aluminum and zinc dross, namely, installation, maintenance and repair of machines for reclaiming metal from dross during processing; processing of metal, namely, metal alloy coating services
12.
NON-WATER COOLED CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE VACUUM ARC FURNACE FOR CONTINUOUS PROCESS
A consumable electrode vacuum arc furnace and, more particularly, a direct current consumable electrode vacuum arc furnace is provided, wherein no water cooling is needed to cool down typically neither the electrodes, nor any other parts of the furnace, and this includes the shell, the flanges ports and the electrical connections of the furnace. The present furnace uses non-metallic electrodes, such as graphite electrode, which are suitable for melting metals, smelting of metal ores, and metal oxide to elemental metal where the use of graphite electrodes is a common practice. The present furnace and electrode assemblies render possible to perform a true continuous process of melting and smelting under controlled pressure.
F27B 3/08 - Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces heated electrically, e.g. electric arc furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
H05B 3/04 - Waterproof or air-tight seals for heaters
F27B 3/10 - Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces - Details, accessories, or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Enclosed flame flares; dry type gas desulfurization systems;
iron chelate based gas desulfurization systems; regenerative
non methane organic compounds and siloxanes removal systems
based on thermal swing adsorption process; non regenerative
non methane organic compounds and siloxanes removal systems
based on lead/lag process; carbon dioxide removal system
based on vacuum pressure swing adsorption process; carbon
dioxide removal system based on hollow fiber membrane gas
separation process; oxygen depletion system based on deoxo
process; nitrogen rejection units (NRU) based on vacuum
pressure swing adsorption process; oxygen and nitrogen
rejection units (ONRU) based on vacuum pressure swing
adsorption process; biogas purification plants to produce
RNG landfill gas purification plants to produce RNG; coke
oven gas purification plants to produce hydrogen; pyrolysis
gas purification systems to produce hydrogen and or methane;
hydrogen purification systems based on pressure swing
adsorption process; thermal oxidizers; regenerative thermal
oxidizers; catalytic thermal oxidizers. Engineering services in the domains of biogas treatment and
valorisation, coke oven gas purification and valorization,
pyrolysis gas purification.
14.
PRODUCTION OF SYNGAS USING RECYCLED CO2 VIA COMBINED DRY AND STEAM REFORMING OF METHANE
A process wherein CO2, methane, and steam react at high temperatures, for instance approximately 1600° C., to form a synthetic gas or syngas. This syngas can then be used in a methanol production plant. The carbon dioxide used to produce the syngas may also comprise recovered emissions from the production of methanol or urea, such that CO2 is recycled. The rich syngas is produced by the bi-reforming of methane, featuring a combination of dry reforming of methane and steam reforming of methane, via the reaction CO2+3CH4+2H2O→4CO+8H2, such that the H2:CO ratio is 2. A plasma reactor may be provided for the reaction. Excess heat from the syngas may be used for heating the water that is used as steam for the reaction.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
15.
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM HYDROCARBONS BY PLASMA PYROLYSIS
A method for producing hydrogen and carbon powder from the plasma pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is disclosed and includes a DC n on-transferred electric arc plasma torch, a hot-wall reactor, for example lined with refractory or a graphite (slippery material), and a cyclone. The cyclone is adapted to recover heavier carbon particles and allow part of the hydrogen, unconverted hydrocarbon and lighter carbon particles to be recycled to the reactor to improve the overall yield of hydrogen. The prolonged contact with the plasma plume provides a typically complete conversion to hydrogen and carbon powder due to the hot walls of the reactor. The carbon powder leaving the plasma plume solidifies into a graphite- like powder in the reactor. A turbulence inside the reactor is adapted to prevent the buildup of soot on a reactor surface via the recycling of hydrogen, hydrocarbon gas or carbon powder or a mix of thereof to the reactor.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
04 - Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; fuels
06 - Common metals and ores; objects made of metal
07 - Machines and machine tools
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Metallic and ceramic nanopowders and micrometric size powders for use in manufacturing, in industry and science; metallic spherical powders for use in manufacturing, in industry and science; plasma treated metallic powders for use in manufacturing, in industry and science.
(2) Synthetic gas produced from the conversion of waste and biomass; fuel gas; fuel for use in burners for the production of heat and to fuel internal combustion engines
(3) Apparatus in the nature of plasma torches, treatment chambers, and controls, parts and accessories thereof, for use in processing materials and compounds, namely, metals, metal alloys, by means of high temperature plasma process; Metals in powder form; alloys of common metals in powder form
(4) Gasifiers; apparatus for generating electricity and heat from waste and biomass; machinery namely waste and biomass to electricity converters. Electricity, heat and steam produced from the conversion of waste, chemical feed stock, slag, and gas, namely, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; Plasma systems for the vitrification of asbestos containing waste; Plasma systems for the conversion of spent pot lining and waste from the aluminum industry into syngas used as fuel and products such as fluoric acid and aluminum fluoride
(5) Thermal plasma torches and ancillary systems such as gas control system, ignition system, cooling system, PLC controller and power supply; Plasma incinerators for the destruction of end-of-life refrigerant, including plasma reactor, feed system and off-gas cleaning system; Plasma incinerators for the destruction of chemical warfare agents, including plasma reactor, feed system and off-gas cleaning system; Plasma incinerators for the destruction of shipboard waste, including plasma reactor, feed system and off-gas cleaning system; Rotary tilting furnaces for the recovery of metal from dross, such as aluminum and zinc dross; plasma torches; waste to energy plant; Systems for production of methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and liquid fuels; Rotary furnaces, fired by a thermal plasma torch, for the treatment of PFAS containing wastewater treatment sludge; Thermal plasma reactor and process for the pyrolysis of methane and hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen and solid carbon forms; Thermal plasma process for the dry reforming of methane with recycled of CO2 to produce syngas; Thermal plasma systems for the spheroidization of metallic and ceramic powders; Gasification plants (1) Services for the recovery of metal from aluminum and zinc dross; Atomization of metal; Spheroidization of metal powder
(2) Energy production: production of electricity from waste and biomass; Transformation of waste namely, waste treatment, waste incineration, fuel preparation, fuel-to-gas conversion, synthesis gas treatment; Waste processing services namely converting of waste into electricity; Design and construction of gasification systems for waste disposal and conversion systems, resource management, electricity generation, steam and heat production, and chemical feedstock production; disposal and conversion of carbonaceous material such as waste and coal into various products such as steam, chemical feed stock, heat, electricity, slag, and gas, including carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and delivery of the products for sale or for use; valuation realization services for waste disposal and conversion
(3) Engineering and techno-economic studies for the treatment of waste by plasma
17.
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM HYDROCARBONS BY PLASMA PYROLYSIS
A method for producing hydrogen and carbon powder from the plasma pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is disclosed and includes a DC n on-transferred electric arc plasma torch, a hot-wall reactor, for example lined with refractory or a graphite (slippery material), and a cyclone. The cyclone is adapted to recover heavier carbon particles and allow part of the hydrogen, unconverted hydrocarbon and lighter carbon particles to be recycled to the reactor to improve the overall yield of hydrogen. The prolonged contact with the plasma plume provides a typically complete conversion to hydrogen and carbon powder due to the hot walls of the reactor. The carbon powder leaving the plasma plume solidifies into a graphite- like powder in the reactor. A turbulence inside the reactor is adapted to prevent the buildup of soot on a reactor surface via the recycling of hydrogen, hydrocarbon gas or carbon powder or a mix of thereof to the reactor.
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Enclosed flame flares being gas flares; dry type gas desulfurization systems comprised of gas injectors for disbursing solids for purification and sterilization purposes, gas purification apparatus and installations, installations for the burning off of gases, and gas scrubbing installations; iron chelate based gas desulfurization systems comprised of gas injectors for disbursing solids for purification and sterilization purposes, gas purification apparatus and installations, installations for the burning off of gases, and gas scrubbing installations; regenerative non methane organic compounds and siloxanes removal systems comprised of thermal and catalytic oxidizers for industrial air pollution control of volatile organic compounds and airborne toxins, based on thermal swing adsorption process; non regenerative non methane organic compounds and siloxanes removal systems comprised of dryers used for the removal of solid, liquid and vapor contaminants from compressed air and gases, gas purification apparatus and installations, and thermal and catalytic oxidizers for industrial air pollution control of volatile organic compounds and airborne toxins based on lead-lag process; carbon dioxide removal system comprised of dryers used for the removal of solid, liquid and vapor contaminants from compressed air and gases, gas purification apparatus and installations, and thermal and catalytic oxidizers for industrial air pollution control of volatile organic compounds and airborne toxins based on vacuum pressure swing adsorption process; carbon dioxide removal system comprised of dryers used for the removal of solid, liquid and vapor contaminants from compressed air and gases, gas purification apparatus and installations, and thermal and catalytic oxidizers for industrial air pollution control of volatile organic compounds and airborne toxins based on hollow fiber membrane gas separation process; oxygen depletion system comprised of gas injectors for disbursing solids for purification and sterilization purposes, gas purification apparatus and installations, installations for the burning off of gases, and gas scrubbing installations based on oxygen depletion processes; nitrogen rejection units based on vacuum pressure swing adsorption process being gas scrubbers for removing nitrogen from natural gas; oxygen and nitrogen rejection units based on vacuum pressure swing adsorption process being gas scrubbers for removing nitrogen and oxygen from natural gas; biogas purification plants to produce renewable natural gas and landfill gas purification plants to produce renewable natural gas being gas purification and electrochemical gas generating machines; coke oven gas purification plants to produce hydrogen being machines that purify gas and generate hydrogen using the adsorption process; pyrolysis gas purification systems to produce hydrogen and methane being gas purification and electrochemical gas generating machines; hydrogen purification systems comprised of gas injectors for disbursing solids for purification and sterilization purposes, gas purification apparatus and installations, installations for the burning off of gases, and gas scrubbing installations based on pressure swing adsorption process; thermal oxidizers for industrial air pollution control; regenerative thermal oxidizers for industrial air pollution control; catalytic thermal oxidizers for industrial air pollution control Engineering services in the fields of biogas treatment and valorisation, coke oven gas purification and valorization, pyrolysis gas purification
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Thermal oxydizers; Regenerative Thermal oxydizers; Catalytic Thermal Oxydizers.
(2) Enclosed flame flares; Dry type gas desulfurization systems; Iron chelate based gas desulfurization systems; Regenerative Non Methane Organic Compounds and Siloxanes removal systems based on thermal swing adsorption process; Non regenerative Non Methane Organic Compounds and Siloxanes removal systems based on lead/lag process; Carbon dioxide removal system based on vacuum pressure swing adsorption process; Carbon dioxide removal system based on hollow fiber membrane gas separation process; Oxygen depletion system based on DeOxo process; Nitrogen rejection units (NRU) based on vacuum pressure swing adsorption process; Oxygen and nitrogen rejection units (ONRU) based on vacuum pressure swing adsorption process; Biogas purification plants to produce RNG. Landfill gas purification plants to produce RNG; Coke oven gas purification plants to produce hydrogen; Pyrolysis gas purification systems to produce hydrogen and or methane; Hydrogen purification systems based on pressure swing adsorption process. (1) Engineering services in the domains of Biogas treatment and valorisation, Coke Oven Gas Purification and Valorization, Pyrolysis Gas Purification.
20.
PLASMA PROCESS TO CONVERT SPENT POT LINING (SPL) TO INERT SLAG, ALUMINUM FLUORIDE AND ENERGY
Apparatus for converting Spent Pot Lining (SPL) into inert slag, aluminum fluoride and energy includes a plasma arc furnace such that the destruction of SPL occurs therein. The furnace generates an electric arc within the waste, which arc travels from an anode to a cathode and destroys the waste due to the arc's extreme temperature, thereby converting a mineral fraction of SPL into vitrified inert slag lying within a crucible of the furnace. The furnace gasifies the carbon content of the SPL and produces a well-balanced syngas. The gasification takes place due to the controlled intake of air and steam into the furnace. The gasification reaction liberates a significant amount of energy. Steam captures this excess energy, to provide part of the oxygen requirement for gasification and to contribute to raise the syngas H2 content. Steam also contributes to converting some SPL fluorides (NaF and Al2F3) into hydrogen fluoride. The plasma SPL processing system is compact (occupying less area than some competitive methods of SPL treatment), can be installed in close proximity to the aluminium plant (minimizing transportation of SPL and AlF3), and requires only electricity as its energy source and thus no fossil fuels.
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
C22B 7/00 - Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
F27B 3/08 - Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces heated electrically, e.g. electric arc furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
F27D 15/00 - Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
F27D 17/00 - Arrangement for using waste heat; Arrangement for using, or disposing of, waste gases
Apparatus for converting Spent Pot Lining (SPL) into inert slag, aluminum fluoride and energy includes a plasma arc furnace such that the destruction of SPL occurs therein. The furnace generates an electric arc within the waste, which arc travels from an anode to a cathode and destroys the waste due to the arc's extreme temperature, thereby converting a mineral fraction of SPL into vitrified inert slag lying within a crucible of the furnace. The furnace gasifies the carbon content of the SPL and produces a well-balanced syngas. The gasification takes place due to the controlled intake of air and steam into the furnace. The gasification reaction liberates a significant amount of energy. Steam captures this excess energy, to provide part of the oxygen requirement for gasification and to contribute to raise the syngas H2 content. Steam also contributes to converting some SPL fluorides (NaF and Al2F3) into hydrogen fluoride. The plasma SPL processing system is compact (occupying less area than some competitive methods of SPL treatment), can be installed in close proximity to the aluminium plant (minimizing transportation of SPL and AlF3), and requires only electricity as its energy source and thus no fossil fuels.
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
C22B 7/00 - Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
F27B 3/08 - Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces heated electrically, e.g. electric arc furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
F27D 15/00 - Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
F27D 17/00 - Arrangement for using waste heat; Arrangement for using, or disposing of, waste gases
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
11 - Environmental control apparatus
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Thermal oxydizers; Regenerative Thermal oxydizers; Catalytic Thermal Oxydizers
(2) Gas desulphurization systems, Non Methane Organic Compounds and Siloxanes removal systems namely for Biogas siloxanes and non-methane hydrocarbons capture, Gas dehydration and dehumudifications systems, Methane and Carbon Dioxide separation and rejections systems, Oxygen depletion systems, Hydrogen purification systems, Natural gas purification systems, Nitrogen Rejection units, Coke Oven Gas purification systems, Pyrolysis Gas purification systems, Hydrogen from Coke Oven Gas extraction systems namely, blowers, coolers, heaters, combustion chambers, regenerators, towers, compressors, condensers, separators, drains, chillers, vacuum pumps, pressure regulators, accumulators; Biogas enclosed flame flares, landfill gas flares, flame gas flares, particularly for biogas incineration (1) Engineering services in the domains of Biogas treatment and valorisation, Coke Oven Gas Purification and Valorization, Pyrolysis Gas Purification
23.
Method and apparatus for producing high purity spherical metallic powders at high production rates from one or two wires
The present application relates to a plasma atomization process and apparatus for producing metallic powders from at least one wire/rod feedstock. In the process, an electric arc is applied to the at least one wire/rod feedstock to melt the same. A plasma torch is employed to generate a supersonic plasma stream at an apex at which the electric arc is transferred to the at least one wire/rod feedstock to atomize the molten wire/rod feedstock into particles. A downstream cooling chamber solidifies the particles into the metallic powders. An anti-satellite diffuser is employed to prevent recirculation of the powders in order to avoid satellite formation. In an apparatus where two wires are fed, one wire serves as an anode, and the other as a cathode.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
An apparatus for producing metallic powders from molten feedstock includes a heating source for melting a solid feedstock into a molten feed, and a crucible for containing the molten feed. A liquid feed tube is also provided to feed the molten feed as a molten stream. A plasma source delivers a plasma stream, with the plasma stream being adapted to be accelerated to a supersonic N velocity and being adapted : to then impact the molten stream for producing metallic powders. The feed tube extends from the crucible to a location where a supersonic plasma plume atomizes the molten stream. The plasma source includes at least two plasma torches provided with at least one supersonic nozzle aimed towards the molten stream. The multiple plasma torches are disposed symmetrically about the location where the supersonic plasma plumes atomize the molten stream, such as in a ring-shaped configuration.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
H05H 1/42 - Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
e.ge.g. a DC transferred arc, for melting and vaporizing silicon provided in the reactor. A quenching system is provided for delivering a gas for quenching, in the reactor, the so-produced silicon vapour so as to form nano particles and/or nano wires. The reactor is under vacuum. The gas can be injected by a vortex and/or via the electrode that is hollow. The electrode is consumable and vertically movable to control an arc voltage and to compensate for electrode erosion.
A consumable electrode vacuum arc furnace and, more particularly, a direct current consumable electrode vacuum arc furnace is provided, wherein no water cooling is needed to cool down typically neither the electrodes, nor any other parts of the furnace, and this includes the shell, the flanges ports and the electrical connections of the furnace. The present furnace uses non-metallic electrodes, such as graphite electrode, which are suitable for melting metals, smelting of metal ores, and metal oxide to elemental metal where the use of graphite electrodes is a common practice. The present furnace and electrode assemblies render possible to perform a true continuous process of melting and smelting under controlled pressure.
A consumable electrode vacuum arc furnace and, more particularly, a direct current consumable electrode vacuum arc furnace is provided, wherein no water cooling is needed to cool down typically neither the electrodes, nor any other parts of the furnace, and this includes the shell, the flanges ports and the electrical connections of the furnace. The present furnace uses non-metallic electrodes, such as graphite electrode, which are suitable for melting metals, smelting of metal ores, and metal oxide to elemental metal where the use of graphite electrodes is a common practice. The present furnace and electrode assemblies render possible to perform a true continuous process of melting and smelting under controlled pressure.
F27B 14/08 - Crucible or pot furnaces; Tank furnaces - Details peculiar to crucible, pot or tank furnaces
F27B 3/08 - Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces heated electrically, e.g. electric arc furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
F27B 3/10 - Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces - Details, accessories, or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
28.
PROCESS FOR RECYCLING CO2 IN A METHANOL PRODUCTION PLANT
A process wherein CO2, methane, and steam react at high temperatures, for instance approximately 1600 °C, to form a synthetic gas or syngas. This syngas can then be used in a methanol production plant. The carbon dioxide used to produce the syngas may also comprise recovered emissions from the production of methanol or urea, such that CO2 is recycled. The rich syngas is produced by the bi-reforming of methane, featuring a combination of dry reforming of methane and steam reforming of methane, via the reaction CO2+3CH4+2H2O?4CO+8H2, such that the H2:CO ratio is 2. A plasma reactor may be provided for the reaction. Excess heat from the syngas may be used for heating the water that is used as steam for the reaction.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; Liquefied petroleum gas
22242222:CO ratio is 2. A plasma reactor may be provided for the reaction. Excess heat from the syngas may be used for heating the water that is used as steam for the reaction.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; Liquefied petroleum gas
30.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HIGH PURITY SPHERICAL METALLIC POWDERS AT HIGH PRODUCTION RATES FROM ONE OR TWO WIRES
The present application relates to a plasma atomization process and apparatus for producing metallic powders from at least one wire/rod feedstock. In the process, an electrical arc is applied between the at least one wire/rod feedstock, and a plasma torch is employed to generate a supersonic plasma stream at an apex at which the electric arc is transferred to the at least one wire/rod to melt and atomize the at least one wire/rod feedstock to produce the metallic powders. An anti-satellite diffuser is employed to prevent recirculation of the powders in order to avoid satellite formation.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
The present application relates to a plasma atomization process and apparatus for producing metallic powders from at least one wire/rod feedstock. In the process, an electrical arc is applied between the at least one wire/rod feedstock, and a plasma torch is employed to generate a supersonic plasma stream at an apex at which the electric arc is transferred to the at least one wire/rod to melt and atomize the at least one wire/rod feedstock to produce the metallic powders. An anti-satellite diffuser is employed to prevent recirculation of the powders in order to avoid satellite formation.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
A high power DC steam plasma torch system (S) includes a steam plasma torch assembly (1) wherein superheated steam (46) is used as the main plasma forming gas, thereby resulting in a very reactive steam plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) is injected internally directly into the plasma plume via a ceramic lined steam feed tube (25) for reducing condensation of steam before reaching the plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) flows through a gas vortex (16) which has tangentially drilled holes thereby resulting in a high speed gas swirl that minimizes electrode erosion. In the present steam plasma torch system (S), the plasma torch assembly (1) is ignited using an ignition contactor which is housed external to the plasma torch assembly (1). The superheated steam (46) is injected into the plasma plume using a water cooled steam vortex generator assembly (15).
An apparatus for producing metallic powders from molten feedstock includes a heating source for melting a solid feedstock into a molten feed, and a crucible for containing the molten feed. A liquid feed tube is also provided to feed the molten feed as a molten stream. A plasma source delivers a plasma stream, with the plasma stream being adapted to be accelerated to a supersonic velocity and being adapted : to then impact the molten stream for producing metallic powders. The feed tube extends from the crucible to a location where a supersonic plasma plume atomizes the molten stream. The plasma source includes at least two plasma torches provided with at least one supersonic nozzle aimed towards the molten stream. The multiple plasma torches are disposed symmetrically about the location where the supersonic plasma plumes atomize the molten stream, such as in a ring-shaped configuration.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
B22F 9/18 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
34.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH PURITY SPHERICAL METALLIC POWDERS FROM A MOLTEN FEEDSTOCK
An apparatus for producing metallic powders from molten feedstock includes a heating source for melting a solid feedstock into a molten feed, and a crucible for containing the molten feed. A liquid feed tube is also provided to feed the molten feed as a molten stream. A plasma source delivers a plasma stream, with the plasma stream being adapted to be accelerated to a supersonic velocity and being adapted : to then impact the molten stream for producing metallic powders. The feed tube extends from the crucible to a location where a supersonic plasma plume atomizes the molten stream. The plasma source includes at least two plasma torches provided with at least one supersonic nozzle aimed towards the molten stream. The multiple plasma torches are disposed symmetrically about the location where the supersonic plasma plumes atomize the molten stream, such as in a ring-shaped configuration.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
B22F 9/18 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
35.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FINE SPHERICAL POWDERS FROM COARSE AND ANGULAR POWDER FEED MATERIAL
A high temperature process is provided, which can melt, atomize and spheroidize a coarse angular powder into a fine and spherical one. it uses thermal plasma to melt the particle in a heating chamber and a supersonic nozzle to accelerate the stream and break up the particles into finer ones.
A high temperature process is provided, which can melt, atomize and spheroidize a coarse angular powder into a fine and spherical one. it uses thermal plasma to melt the particle in a heating chamber and a supersonic nozzle to accelerate the stream and break up the particles into finer ones.
An apparatus for the gasification and vitrification of waste comprises a p!asma arc furnace provided with two movable graphite electrodes. The furnace includes an air-cooled bottom electrode adapted for transferring the current through a slag melt. The furnace is entirely sealed and is also provided with gas tight electrode seals adapted to control reducing conditions inside the furnace. An electrical circuit is further provided, which is adapted for switching from transferred io non-transferred modes of heating, thereby allowing the furnace to be restarted in case of slag freezing.
An apparatus for the gasification and vitrification of waste comprises a p!asma arc furnace provided with two movable graphite electrodes. The furnace includes an air-cooled bottom electrode adapted for transferring the current through a slag melt. The furnace is entirely sealed and is also provided with gas tight electrode seals adapted to control reducing conditions inside the furnace. An electrical circuit is further provided, which is adapted for switching from transferred io non-transferred modes of heating, thereby allowing the furnace to be restarted in case of slag freezing.
A metal powder plasma atomization process and apparatus comprises at least one plasma torch, a confinement chamber, a nozzle positioned downstream of the confinement chamber and a diffuser positioned downstream of the nozzle. The nozzle accelerates liquid metal particles produced by the at least one plasma torch and also plasma gas to supersonic velocity such that the liquid metal particles are sheared into finer powders. The diffuser provides a Shockwave to the plasma gas to increase temperature of the plasma in order to avoid stalactite formation at an exit of the nozzle. The process increases both production rate of the metal powder and the yield of -45 µm metal powder.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
40.
METHOD FOR COST-EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF ULTRAFINE SPHERICAL POWDERS AT LARGE SCALE USING THRUSTER-ASSISTED PLASMA ATOMIZATION
A metal powder plasma atomization process and apparatus comprises at least one plasma torch, a confinement chamber, a nozzle positioned downstream of the confinement chamber and a diffuser positioned downstream of the nozzle. The nozzle accelerates liquid metal particles produced by the at least one plasma torch and also plasma gas to supersonic velocity such that the liquid metal particles are sheared into finer powders. The diffuser provides a Shockwave to the plasma gas to increase temperature of the plasma in order to avoid stalactite formation at an exit of the nozzle. The process increases both production rate of the metal powder and the yield of -45 μm metal powder.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
41.
Plasma apparatus for the production of high quality spherical powders at high capacity
An apparatus and a process for the production at high capacity of high purity powders from a wire using a combination of plasma torches and induction heating are disclosed. The process has good productivity by providing a preheating system. A mechanism is included in the apparatus, which allows adjusting the position of the plasma torches and their angle of attack with respect to the wire, permitting to control the particle size distribution.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
B01J 2/04 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
B29B 9/10 - Making granules by moulding the material, i.e. treating it in the molten state
C21D 9/60 - Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with induction heating
An apparatus for the destruction of a precursor material includes a steam plasma reactor having a high temperature zone and a combustion zone. The high temperature zone is adapted for hydrolyzing the precursor material, whereas the combustion zone is adapted to effect medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream where combustion oxygen or air is injected. A quenching unit is provided at an exit end of the reactor for quenching a resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products.
A62D 3/19 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
F23G 7/06 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
F23G 7/04 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
H05H 1/34 - Plasma torches using an arc - Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
A62D 3/35 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by hydrolysis
H05H 1/42 - Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
A62D 3/38 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by combustion
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
B01J 19/02 - Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
An apparatus and a process for the production of high purity silicon from silica containing material such as quartz or quartzite, using a vacuum electric arc furnace, are disclosed.
C01B 33/025 - Preparation by reduction of silica or silica-containing material with carbon or a solid carbonaceous material, i.e. carbo-thermal process
C01B 33/023 - Preparation by reduction of silica or silica-containing material
F27B 3/08 - Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces heated electrically, e.g. electric arc furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
An apparatus and a process for the production at high capacity of high purity powders from a large diameter wire or rod using a combination of plasma torches and induction heating are disclosed. The process provides a superior productivity, by incorporating a more effective inductive preheating system. A mechanism is also included in the apparatus, which allows adjusting the position of the plasma torches and their angle of attack with respect to the wire, which has a direct effect on the mechanical and thermal energy transfer from the plasma plume to the wire, allowing a fine control over the particle size distribution as well as the production capacity. Furthermore, varying the induction frequency allows for the optimization of the temperature profile inside the wire, which can be directly correlated to the resulting mean particle size.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
B01J 2/04 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
45.
PLASMA APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY SPHERICAL POWDERS AT HIGH CAPACITY
An apparatus and a process for the production at high capacity of high purity powders from a large diameter wire or rod using a combination of plasma torches and induction heating are disclosed. The process provides a superior productivity, by incorporating a more effective inductive preheating system. A mechanism is also included in the apparatus, which allows adjusting the position of the plasma torches and their angle of attack with respect to the wire, which has a direct effect on the mechanical and thermal energy transfer from the plasma plume to the wire, allowing a fine control over the particle size distribution as well as the production capacity. Furthermore, varying the induction frequency allows for the optimization of the temperature profile inside the wire, which can be directly correlated to the resulting mean particle size.
B22F 9/14 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes using electric discharge
B01J 2/04 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
A system for generating high pressure steam from dirty water uses a combination of sub-merged plasma arcs and electrical resistive heating. Dirty water from steam assisted gravity drainage, or other dirty water producing process, which needs to be converted into high pressure steam, is fed directly without any pre-treatment, into a plasma fired steam generator, powered by submerged electrodes. The combination of electric arc plasma and resistive heating is created between the submerged electrodes. The heat so generated will boil the water portion of the dirty water feed to generate steam that is collected in a steam space and then removed there from. The solids and other residues (residual sludge) present in the feed water settle down at the bottom of the steam generator and are removed via a blow-down stream. The plasma arcs are used to intermittently remove any scaling or solid deposits that can accumulate on the electrodes.
A high power DC steam plasma torch system (S) includes a steam plasma torch assembly (1) wherein superheated steam (46) is used as the main plasma forming gas, thereby resulting in a very reactive steam plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) is injected internally directly into the plasma plume via a ceramic lined steam feed tube (25) for reducing condensation of steam before reaching the plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) flows through a gas vortex (16) which has tangentially drilled holes thereby resulting in a high speed gas swirl that minimizes electrode erosion. In the present steam plasma torch system (S), the plasma torch assembly (1) is ignited using an ignition contactor which is housed external to the plasma torch assembly (1). The superheated steam (46) is injected into the plasma plume using a water cooled steam vortex generator assembly (15).
A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.
A62D 3/19 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
F23G 7/06 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
F23G 7/04 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
A62D 3/35 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by hydrolysis
H05H 1/42 - Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
A62D 3/38 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by combustion
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
B01J 19/02 - Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
An apparatus is disclosed wherein an electric arc is employed to heat an injected gas to a very high temperature. The apparatus comprises four internal components: a button cathode and three cylindrical co-axial components, a first short pilot insert, a second long insert and an anode. Vortex generators are located between these components for generating a vortex flow in the gas injected in the apparatus and which is to be heated at very high temperature by the electric arc struck between the anode and cathode. Cooling is provided to prevent melting of three of the internal components, i.e. the cathode, the anode and the pilot insert. However, to limit the heat loss to the cooling fluid, the long insert is made of an insulating material. In this way, more electrical energy is transferred to the gas.
An apparatus is disclosed wherein an electric arc is employed to heat an injected gas to a very high temperature. The apparatus comprises four internal components: a button cathode and three cylindrical co-axial components, a first short pilot insert, a second long insert and an anode. Vortex generators are located between these components for generating a vortex flow in the gas injected in the apparatus and which is to be heated at very high temperature by the electric arc struck between the anode and cathode. Cooling is provided to prevent melting of three of the internal components, i.e. the cathode, the anode and the pilot insert. However, to limit the heat loss to the cooling fluid, the long insert is made of an insulating material. In this way, more electrical energy is transferred to the gas.
A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.
A62D 3/19 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
F23G 7/06 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
F23G 7/04 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
A62D 3/35 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by hydrolysis
H05H 1/42 - Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
A62D 3/38 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by combustion
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
B01J 19/02 - Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
A system for generating high pressure steam from dirty water uses a combination of submerged plasma arcs and electrical resistive heating. Dirty water from steam assisted gravity drainage, or other dirty water producing process, which needs to be converted into high pressure steam, is fed directly without any pre-treatment, into a plasma fired steam generator, powered by submerged electrodes. The combination of electric arc plasma and resistive heating is created between the submerged electrodes. The heat so generated will boil the water portion of the dirty water feed to generate steam that is collected in a steam space and then removed therefrom. The solids and other residues (residual sludge) present in the feed water settle down at the bottom of the steam generator and are removed via a blow-down stream. The plasma arcs are used to intermittently remove any scaling or solid deposits that can accumulate on the electrodes.
A system for generating high pressure steam from dirty water uses a combination of submerged plasma arcs and electrical resistive heating. Dirty water from steam assisted gravity drainage, or other dirty water producing process, which needs to be converted into high pressure steam, is fed directly without any pre-treatment, into a plasma fired steam generator, powered by submerged electrodes. The combination of electric arc plasma and resistive heating is created between the submerged electrodes. The heat so generated will boil the water portion of the dirty water feed to generate steam that is collected in a steam space and then removed therefrom. The solids and other residues (residual sludge) present in the feed water settle down at the bottom of the steam generator and are removed via a blow-down stream. The plasma arcs are used to intermittently remove any scaling or solid deposits that can accumulate on the electrodes.
A system for generating high pressure steam from dirty water uses a combination of submerged plasma arcs and electrical resistive heating. Dirty water from steam assisted gravity drainage, or other dirty water producing process, which needs to be converted into high pressure steam, is fed directly without any pre-treatment, into a plasma fired steam generator, powered by submerged electrodes. The combination of electric arc plasma and resistive heating is created between the submerged electrodes. The heat so generated will boil the water portion of the dirty water feed to generate steam that is collected in a steam space and then removed therefrom. The solids and other residues (residual sludge) present in the feed water settle down at the bottom of the steam generator and are removed via a blow-down stream. The plasma arcs are used to intermittently remove any scaling or solid deposits that can accumulate on the electrodes.
A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.
In the present pelletizing apparatus, the induration of iron ore concentrate pellets is achieved in a tunnel furnace heated by plasma torches, wherein the generation of CO2 by the conventional iron ore pelletizing processes is reduced by using electricity powered plasma torches instead of burning natural gas, heavy oil or pulverized coal in burners, thereby reducing considerably industrial pollution of the atmosphere.
A high power DC steam plasma torch system (S) includes a steam plasma torch assembly (1) wherein superheated steam (46) is used as the main plasma forming gas, thereby resulting in a very reactive steam plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) is injected internally directly into the plasma plume via a ceramic lined steam feed tube (25) for reducing condensation of steam before reaching the plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) flows through a gas vortex (16) which has tangentially drilled holes thereby resulting in a high speed gas swirl that minimizes electrode erosion. In the present steam plasma torch system (S), the plasma torch assembly (1) is ignited using an ignition contactor which is housed external to the plasma torch assembly (1). The superheated steam (46) is injected into the plasma plume using a water cooled steam vortex generator assembly (15).
A high power DC steam plasma torch system (S) includes a steam plasma torch assembly (1) wherein superheated steam (46) is used as the main plasma forming gas, thereby resulting in a very reactive steam plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) is injected internally directly into the plasma plume via a ceramic lined steam feed tube (25) for reducing condensation of steam before reaching the plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) flows through a gas vortex (16) which has tangentially drilled holes thereby resulting in a high speed gas swirl that minimizes electrode erosion. In the present steam plasma torch system (S), the plasma torch assembly (1) is ignited using an ignition contactor which is housed external to the plasma torch assembly (1). The superheated steam (46) is injected into the plasma plume using a water cooled steam vortex generator assembly (15).
In a fossil fuel waste incineration or plasma gasification process, waste heat generated by combustion of waste is captured by a heat transfer fluid and conveyed to an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for energy recovery. In the case of a fossil fuel-fired waste incineration system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a double-walled combustion chamber, a heat exchanger being used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). In the case of a plasma waste gasification system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a plasma torch, a gasification chamber and combustion chamber cooling jackets as well as any other high-temperature components requiring cooling, and then a heat exchanger used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). The heat exchanger may take on several configurations, including plate or shell and tube configurations.
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
F01K 13/02 - Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
F23G 5/16 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
In the present pelletizing apparatus, the induration of iron ore concentrate pellets is achieved in a tunnel furnace heated by plasma torches, wherein the generation of CO2 by the conventional iron ore pelletizing processes is reduced by using electricity powered plasma torches instead of burning natural gas, heavy oil or pulverized coal in burners, thereby reducing considerably industrial pollution of the atmosphere.
B22D 5/04 - Machines or plants for pig or like casting with endless casting conveyors
B01J 2/04 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
F27D 11/08 - Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
H05H 1/42 - Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
61.
PLASMA HEATED FURNACE FOR IRON ORE PELLET INDURATION
In the present pelletizing apparatus, the induration of iron ore concentrate pellets is achieved in a tunnel furnace heated by plasma torches, wherein the generation of CO2 by the conventional iron ore pelletizing processes is reduced by using electricity powered plasma torches instead of burning natural gas, heavy oil or pulverized coal in burners, thereby reducing considerably industrial pollution of the atmosphere.
B22D 5/04 - Machines or plants for pig or like casting with endless casting conveyors
B01J 2/04 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
F27D 11/08 - Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
H05H 1/42 - Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
62.
ENERGY EFFICIENT SALT-FREE RECOVERY OF METAL FROM DROSS
A process and an apparatus are disclosed for improved recovery of metal from hot and cold dross, wherein a dross-treating furnace is provided with a filling material with good capacity to store heat. This filling material is preheated to a desired temperature by injection of an oxidizing gas to bum non- recoverable metal remaining in the filling material after tapping of the recoverable metal contained in the dross and discharging of the treatment residue, When dross is treated in such furnace, the heat emanating by conduction from the filling material is sufficient to melt and separate the recoverable metal contained in the dross, without addition of an external heat source, such as fuel or gas burners, plasma torches or electric arcs and without use of any salt fluxes. Furthermore, the recovered metal being in the molten state can be fed to the molten metal holding furnace without cooling the melt; in addition, the non-use of fluxing salt for the treatment means that the non- contaminated residue can be used as a cover for the electrolytic cells in the case of aluminum. In the case of zinc dross, the residue is a valuable zinc oxide by-product very low in contaminants.
A process and an apparatus are disclosed for improved recovery of metal from hot and cold dross, wherein a dross-treating furnace is provided with a filling material with good capacity to store heat. This filling material is preheated to a desired temperature by injection of an oxidizing gas to bum non- recoverable metal remaining in the filling material after tapping of the recoverable metal contained in the dross and discharging of the treatment residue, When dross is treated in such furnace, the heat emanating by conduction from the filling material is sufficient to melt and separate the recoverable metal contained in the dross, without addition of an external heat source, such as fuel or gas burners, plasma torches or electric arcs and without use of any salt fluxes. Furthermore, the recovered metal being in the molten state can be fed to the molten metal holding furnace without cooling the melt; in addition, the non-use of fluxing salt for the treatment means that the non- contaminated residue can be used as a cover for the electrolytic cells in the case of aluminum. In the case of zinc dross, the residue is a valuable zinc oxide by-product very low in contaminants.
A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.
A62D 3/19 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
65.
STEAM PLASMA ARC HYDROLYSIS OF OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
A62D 3/19 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
In a fossil fuel waste incineration or plasma gasification process, waste heat generated by combustion of waste is captured by a heat transfer fluid and conveyed to an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for energy recovery. In the case of a fossil fuel-fired waste incineration system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a double-walled combustion chamber, a heat exchanger being used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). In the case of a plasma waste gasification system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a plasma torch, a gasification chamber and combustion chamber cooling jackets as well as any other high-temperature components requiring cooling, and then a heat exchanger used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). The heat exchanger may take on several configurations, including plate or shell and tube configurations.
F01K 7/00 - Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
F01K 25/14 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours using industrial or other waste gases
F01K 27/00 - Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
F25B 27/02 - Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
67.
METHOD TO MAXIMIZE ENERGY RECOVERY IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROCESSES
In a fossil fuel waste incineration or plasma gasification process, waste heat generated by combustion of waste is captured by a heat transfer fluid and conveyed to an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for energy recovery. in the case of a fossil fuel-fired waste incineration system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a double-walled combustion chamber, a heat exchanger being used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). in the case of a plasma waste gasification system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a plasma torch, a gasification chamber and combustion chamber cooling jackets as well as any other high-temperature components requiring cooling, and then a heat exchanger used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). The heat exchanger may take on several configurations, including plate or shell and tube configurations.
F01K 7/00 - Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
F01K 25/14 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours using industrial or other waste gases
F01K 27/00 - Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
F25B 27/02 - Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
68.
METHOD TO MAXIMIZE ENERGY RECOVERY IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROCESSES
In a fossil fuel waste incineration or plasma gasification process, waste heat generated by combustion of waste is captured by a heat transfer fluid and conveyed to an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for energy recovery. In the case of a fossil fuel-fired waste incineration system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a double-walled combustion chamber, a heat exchanger being used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). In the case of a plasma waste gasification system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a plasma torch, a gasification chamber and combustion chamber cooling jackets as well as any other high-temperature components requiring cooling, and then a heat exchanger used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). The heat exchanger may take on several configurations, including plate or shell and tube configurations.
F01K 25/14 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours using industrial or other waste gases
F01K 27/00 - Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
F01K 7/00 - Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
F25B 27/02 - Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
69.
STEAM PLASMA ARC HYDROLYSIS OF OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.
A62D 3/20 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by hydropyrolysis or destructive steam gasification, e.g. using water and heat to effect chemical change
A62D 3/19 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
70.
Three step ultra-compact plasma system for the high temperature treatment of waste onboard ships
An apparatus for thermal processing of waste having organic and inorganic components comprises at least a treatment station, a cooling station and a treated material-removal station, and at least three crucibles. The treatment station is adapted to thermally treat the organic components and/or inorganic components located in a given one of the crucibles located at the treatment station. The so-treated components in this given crucible are adapted to then be cooled at the cooling station, before the treated components located in the given crucible are removed therefrom at the treated material-removal station. The three crucibles are mounted on a turntable so that the three crucibles are each at one of the stations, before synchronously all moving to each crucible's next station.
F23G 5/00 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
F23G 5/44 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels - Details; Accessories
F23G 5/033 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment comminuting or crushing
F23G 5/08 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including supplementary heating
F23G 5/10 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including supplementary heating using electric means
An apparatus for thermal processing of waste having organic and inorganic components comprises at least a treatment station, a cooling station and a treated material-removal station, and at least three crucibles. The treatment station is adapted to thermally treat the organic components and/or inorganic components located in a given one of the crucibles located at the treatment station. The so-treated components in this given crucible are adapted to then be cooled at the cooling station, before the treated components located in the given crucible are removed therefrom at the treated material-removal station. The three crucibles are mounted on a turntable so that the three crucibles are each at one of the stations, before synchronously all moving to each crucible's next station.
