09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Measuring and diagnostic equipment, not for medical
purposes, for evaluating and analyzing the driving behavior
of motor vehicles, as well as for the thermodynamic
evaluation of internal combustion engines; test benches,
testing machines, testing systems and scientific apparatus
and testing instruments for testing vehicles, driver
assistance systems, vehicle components and drive train
components, in particular combustion engines, electric
machines, power electronics, batteries, fuel cells,
electrically driven axles and transmissions; partially and
fully automatic engine test benches; monitoring devices and
instruments for the operating condition of drive train
components. Carrying out technical analyses and investigations into the
influence of engine and exhaust aftertreatment components,
data statuses of electronic control units (xCU), the
influence of ambient conditions and various fuels and
lubricating oils on the resulting particulate and general
gaseous emissions, the influence of fuels and lubricating
oils on exhaust emissions and on the abrasive and corrosive
wear of engine components and the resulting particulate
emissions, the overall behaviour, noise development and
sound insulation; comparative evaluation of vehicles or
vehicle components, in particular drive train components or
vehicle characteristics, in particular drive train
characteristics; carrying out technical analyses and
investigations of driver assistance systems; carrying out
technical analyses and investigations of electrified drives
or drive train components, in particular combustion engines,
electric machines, power electronics, batteries, fuel cells,
electrically driven axles and transmissions.
2.
SENSOR FOR MEASURING THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF A FLUID STREAM
A sensor (100) for measuring the moisture content of a fluid stream (10) is described. The sensor (100) comprises a tube section (20) with a tube-section cavity (22) for conducting the fluid stream (10) and with a tube casing (24), which encloses the tube-section cavity (22), wherein the tube casing (24) has an outer tube-casing wall (26) and an inner tube-casing wall (28), and wherein the tube casing (24) is made of a light-transmissive material (40), also comprises at least one light source (50) for emitting light (52) into the light-transmissive material (40) for reflection at least at the inner tube-casing wall (28), and further comprises at least one light sensor (60) for detecting the light (52) emitted by the at least one light source (50) and reflected at least at the inner tube-casing wall (28).
G01N 21/3554 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content
The invention relates to a cell stack system (100) for a fuel cell system, having a plurality of cell stacks (110, 112), each cell stack (110, 112) having an anode section (120) and a cathode section (130), wherein the plurality of cell stacks (110, 112) have at least one edge cell stack (112), and the at least one edge cell stack (112) is arranged relative to the plurality of cell stacks (110, 112) such that no cell stack (100, 112) of the plurality of cell stacks (110, 112) is arranged on one side of the edge cell stack (112), a tube system (50) for supplying anode supply gas (AZG) and cathode supply gas (KZG) to the cell stacks (110, 112) and for discharging anode exhaust gas (AAG) and cathode exhaust gas (KAG) from the cell stacks (110, 112), a distributor system (10) per cell stack (110, 112), each distributor system (10) connecting the anode section (120) and the cathode section (130) of the corresponding cell stack (110, 112) to the tube system (50) for a fluidic communication, and a thermal insulation device (70) for thermally insulating the at least one edge cell stack (112) so as to prevent heat losses.
The invention relates to a cell stack system (100) for a fuel cell system, having a plurality of cell stacks (110), each cell stack (110) having an anode section (120) and a cathode section (130), a tube system (50) for supplying anode supply gas (AZG) and cathode supply gas (KZG) to the cell stacks (110) and for discharging anode exhaust gas (AAG) and cathode exhaust gas (KAG) from the cell stacks (110), a distributor system (10) per cell stack (110), each distributor system (10) connecting the anode section (120) and the cathode section (130) of the corresponding cell stack (110) to the tube system (50) for a fluidic communication, and a holding device (70) for holding the cell stack (110), wherein the cell stacks (110) can be moved relative to the holding device (70), and the holding device (70) is mechanically separate from the tube system (50) or from the distributor systems (10).
The present invention relates to a cell-stack system (100) for a fuel-cell system (102), comprising a number of cell stacks (110), which are arranged in at least one cell-stack unit (20), wherein each cell stack (110) has an anode portion and a cathode portion, comprising a pipe system (50), which runs in a longitudinal direction (52) and is intended for conducting anode feed gas (AZG) and cathode feed gas (KZG) to the cell stacks (110) and for conducting anode off gas (AAG) and cathode off gas (KAG) away from the cell stacks (110), and comprising a manifold system (10) for each cell stack (110), wherein each manifold system (10) connects the anode portion and the cathode portion of the corresponding cell stack (110) to the pipe system (50) for fluid communication, and wherein each manifold system (10) has an anode feed portion (122) for feeding the anode feed gas (AZT) from an anode feed pipe (62) of the pipe system (50), an anode discharge portion (124) for discharging the anode off gas (AAG) to an anode discharge pipe (66) of the pipe system (50), a cathode feed portion (132) for feeding the cathode feed gas (KZG) from a cathode feed pipe (64) of the pipe system (50), and a cathode discharge portion (134) for discharging the cathode off gas (KAG) to a cathode discharge pipe (68) of the pipe system (50).
H01M 8/247 - Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
H01M 8/2484 - Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
6.
METHOD FOR GENERATING CORRECTED MEASUREMENT VALUES DURING THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION AND MASS FLOW OF AN EXHAUST GAS COMPONENT IN AN EXHAUST GAS FLOW
The invention relates to a method for generating corrected measurement values during the process of determining the concentration of an emission component in an exhaust gas flow, said method being usable online for an OBD and/or OBM process, even when sensors present in certain regions supply measurement values with a high degree of inaccuracy. According to the invention, the concentration (I) of the emission component X in the exhaust gas flow is first measured via a sensor (14), and simultaneously the concentration (II) of the emission component X is determined via an exhaust gas model (24) which is stored in a computing unit (20) and via which expected concentrations of the emission component X in the exhaust gas flow are read or calculated on the basis of environmental data using physical models or map-based algorithms. An estimated concentration (III) of the emission component X is then derived from the concentration measurement of the sensor (14) and the concentration determination via the exhaust gas model (24) by means of a Kalman filter using the equation (IV), wherein K1 forms a weighting factor of the Kalman filter. FIG 1: (I)%%%c_X_sens (II)%%%c_X_mod (III)%%%c_X_corr (IV)%%%c_X_corr = c_X_mod + K1 · (c_X_sens - c_X_mod)
Fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising at least one fuel cell stack (2) with an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4), an air supply section (5), a fuel supply section (6) with a reformer, in particular a reformer heat exchanger (7) and an exhaust section (8) with an oxidation catalyst (9), characterised in that a CPOX reformer (10) is provided for the production of shielding gas by catalytic partial oxidation.
Fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising at least one fuel cell stack (2) with an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4), an air supply section (5), a fuel supply section (6) with a reformer, in particular a reformer heat exchanger (7) and an exhaust section (8) with an oxidation catalyst (9), characterised in that a CPOX reformer (10) is provided for the production of shielding gas by catalytic partial oxidation.
The invention further relates to the use of such a fuel cell system (1).
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
8.
MIXING DEVICE FOR MIXING AT LEAST ANODE EXHAUST GAS AND CATHODE EXHAUST GAS FROM A FUEL CELL STACK OF A FUEL CELL SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a mixing device (10) for mixing at least anode exhaust gas (AEG) with cathode exhaust gas (CEG) from a fuel cell stack (110) of a fuel cell system (100), having a cathode exhaust gas line (30) with a cathode exhaust gas connection (32) for fluid-communicating connection with a cathode exhaust gas section (134) of a cathode section (130) of the fuel cell stack (110) and an anode exhaust gas line (20) with an anode exhaust gas connection (22) for fluid-communicating connection with an anode exhaust gas section (124) of an anode section (120) of the fuel cell stack (110), characterised in that the anode exhaust gas line (20) is arranged within the cathode exhaust gas line (30) and has a closed anode exhaust gas line end (24) and at least two anode exhaust gas outlets (21) into the cathode exhaust gas line (30) with outlet directions (OD) radial to the anode exhaust gas line axis (AEL) and to the cathode exhaust gas line axis (CEL), wherein, further downstream of the anode exhaust gas line end (24), the cathode exhaust gas line (30) transitions into a mixed exhaust gas line (40) with a mixed exhaust gas connection (42) for fluid-communicating connection with a burner inlet (152) of an afterburner (150) of a fuel cell system (100).
B01F 25/313 - Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
The invention relates to a method for operating a gas-powered internal combustion engine, wherein during a switched on operating state of the internal combustion engine, an oxygen-containing gas, preferably air, is introduced during an inflow phase into at least one cylinder for combustion and wherein fuel is fed to at least one injector, is injected by the injector into the cylinder in the course of a primary injection and is ignited there in the course of a primary ignition, characterised in that the supply of fuel to the injector is ended during a switch-off process of the internal combustion engine, and in that fuel remaining in the region of the injector is injected into at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine after the primary ignition and before the start of the subsequent inflow phase in the course of a secondary injection and is ignited in the course of a secondary ignition.
F02D 19/02 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
F02D 41/00 - Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
10.
MONITORING METHOD FOR A TEST OBJECT WITH A MULTIPHASE ALTERNATING CURRENT ON A TEST STAND
The present invention relates to a monitoring method and a corresponding monitoring device (110) for monitoring a multiphase alternating current for a test object (300) while operating on a test stand (200), characterised by the following steps: detecting (S10) individual phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) of a multiphase alternating current to the test object (300); determining (S11) harmonic frequency components of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) based on a fast Fourier transformation of the detected phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3); ascertaining (S21) a form index of a waveform of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) from a ratio of the determined harmonic frequency components of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) to an amplitude of a basic frequency; ascertaining (S22, S23) at least one symmetry index of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) from a ratio of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) to one another; and outputting (S30) a monitoring signal based on the ascertained form index and/or the at least one symmetry index, for intervention in the operation of the test object (300).
H02H 7/08 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
H02P 29/02 - Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
The invention relates to a drive train for a vehicle (15), wherein the drive train has at least one motor (9), such as an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, the motor (9) being rotationally connected to a first shaft (1) in order to transmit the driving torque, wherein the drive train has a second shaft (2) which is arranged coaxially with respect to the first shaft (1), wherein the drive train has a sliding sleeve (4) which can couple the first shaft (1) and the second shaft (2) and decouple same from each other, wherein the drive train has at least one locking pawl (6) and has a corresponding parking lock wheel (5), characterized in that the locking pawl (6) is pivotable about a pivot axis (S) between the locking position and the release position, and in that the pivot axis (S) is normal to the axis of rotation (A) of the first shaft (1) and second shaft (2).
B60K 1/00 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
F16D 11/00 - Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
F16H 61/28 - Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
12.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING A CHARGING CURRENT LIMIT FOR A CHARGING PROCESS OF A RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
The invention relates to a method (100), a computer program product, a control system (10) and a battery charging system (90) for determining a charging current limit for a charging process of a rechargeable battery device (1000). In this case, measurement parameters (MP) are recorded at the battery device (1000). Furthermore, battery parameters (BP) are determined by means of a process physics-based battery model on the basis of the recorded measurement parameters (MP). Furthermore, prediction parameters (VP) for the onset of metal plating at an electrode (1001, 1002) of the battery device (1000) are determined with the aid of a prediction model, in particular a data-driven prediction model, wherein at least one forecast onset time of metal plating is determined as prediction parameter(s) (VP) on the basis of at least the battery parameters (BP) as input parameters of the prediction model. Control parameters (KP) for controlling the charging process are determined with the aid of a control model, which is likewise in particular a data-driven control model, wherein on the basis of the measurement parameters (MP), the battery parameters (BP) and the prediction parameters (VP), the charging current limit is determined as the at least one control parameter (KP) and the determined charging current limit for specifying the charging current is output to a battery charging system (90).
The present invention relates to a multichannel test system (100) and to a method for supplying test load devices (61, 62) with electrical power from a supply grid, comprising at least a first test channel (10) and a second test channel (20) which are galvanically separated. At least one switching device (40) is provided for galvanically coupling intermediate circuits (13, 23) of the test channels (10, 20) in a switchable manner to form a common intermediate circuit. For this purpose, in addition to phase-controlled, variably adjustable rectification, uncontrolled, invariable rectification is also provided in a passive operating mode by an active power stage (12, 22) in power converter circuits (16, 26, 36) of the test channels (10, 20, 30).
There are known test systems for testing fuel cells (46) or fuel cell stacks comprising a fuel cell (46) or a fuel cell stack and a test unit (10) having an anode gas supply unit (12), a cathode gas supply unit (14), a conditioning unit (16), and a control unit (94) and an evaluation unit (96), by means of which the measurements on the fuel cell (46) or the fuel cell stack can be taken. In order to lower the hydrogen consumption of such a test system, it is proposed that the fuel cell (46) or the fuel cell stack be connected on the anode gas side to an anode gas recirculation system (84), by means of which anode gas flowing out of an anode gas outlet (52) of the fuel cell (46) or of the fuel cell stack is recyclable to an anode gas inlet (50) of the fuel cell (46) or of the fuel cell stack.
The invention relates to a connecting device for connecting a fuel cell stack (18) to a testing unit (10). The connecting device has an interface unit (22) connected to the testing unit (10) and comprising a main part (30), which has at least one through-opening (32), and at least one connecting part (36), which is secured to the main part (30) and has a connecting plate (38) provided with at least one fluid medium opening (40). The connecting device additionally has a movable support (26), to which the fuel cell stack (18) is secured and which is provided with a connecting surface (54) having a plurality of fluid medium inlets (58) and fluid medium outlets (60) that are fluidically connected to the fuel cell stack (18), and the connecting surface (54) of the support (26) can be moved against the at least one connecting plate (38) of the interface unit (22), or the connecting plate (38) of the interface unit (22) can be moved against the connecting surface (54) of the support (26). The at least one fluid medium opening (40) in the at least one connecting plate (38) corresponds to one of the fluid medium inlets (58) and/or fluid medium outlets (60) in the connecting surface (54) of the support (26) such that when the connecting surface (54) of the support (26) rests against the connecting plate (38), a fluidic connection is produced between the fluid medium inlet (58) and/or fluid medium outlet (60) in the connecting surface (54) and the at least one fluid medium channel (42) in the connecting part (36), said connecting plate (38) being at least indirectly resiliently secured to the main part (30).
The invention relates to a shunt for measuring an electric current. The shunt has a conductor (1) with at least one input contact (3a) and at least one output contact (3b), wherein the conductor (1) has at least one measuring section (6), and at least one cooling device (5) is arranged on the conductor (1) in order to cool the conductor (1). The invention is characterized in that the conductor (1) extends along a longitudinal axis (A) along which a current substantially flows, the conductor (1) has two longitudinal segments (2a, 2b) which likewise extend along the longitudinal axis (A) and which are arranged at the same height along the longitudinal axis (A), each of the longitudinal segments (2a, 2b) has a contact point for introducing or discharging the current to be measured at a first end (4a) along the longitudinal axis (A), and the longitudinal segments (2a, 2b) are electrically connected together at a second end (4b) along the longitudinal axis (A).
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
The invention relates to a shunt for measuring an electric current. The shunt has an input region (1) with at least one input contact (4), and the shunt has an output region (3) with at least one output contact (5), wherein the shunt has at least one measuring section (2) which is arranged between the input region (1) and the output region (3). The invention is characterized in that the input region (1), the measuring section (2), and the output region (3) have the same material, and the measuring section (2) has a lower density than the input region (1) and the output region (3).
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
The invention relates to a shunt (1) for measuring an electric current. The shunt (1) has an input region (2) with at least one input contact (2a), and the shunt (1) has an output region (4) with at least one output contact (4a), wherein the shunt has at least one measuring section (3) which is electrically connected between the input region (2) and the output region (4), and the measuring section (3) has an outer surface. The invention is characterized in that at least one electrically conductive reference conductor (5) is arranged on the outer surface, said reference conductor being electrically insulated from the measuring section (3), and the reference conductor (5) covers at least an eighth of the outer surface.
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
19.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING AND MAINTAINING A LATERAL DISTANCE OF A FIRST VEHICLE TO A SECOND VEHICLE DURING AN OVERTAKING MANOEUVRE
The invention relates to a method and a device for determining and maintaining a lateral distance S(t) of a first vehicle (10) to a second vehicle (12) during an overtaking manoeuvre with a distance measuring unit (14) directed in a direction of travel of the first vehicle (10), a camera (16) directed in the direction of travel of the first vehicle (10), an image processing unit (18) and a computing unit (15), in which method by way of the distance measuring unit (14) an actual distance E(t) of the first vehicle (10) to the second vehicle (12) is continuously or cyclically measured, and by way of the camera (16) an image of the second vehicle (12) is continuously recorded, and in the image processing unit (18) a current actual offset between a lateral face (Z) of the second vehicle (12) closest to the middle of the road and the camera axis (X) is determined cyclically from the image data and from the determined actual distance E(t), and in the computing unit (15) an actual lateral distance S(t) is calculated from this actual offset. Furthermore, the distances determined by way of the camera (16) and the distance measuring unit (14) can be verified in order to improve the accuracy of the calculated lateral distance S(t).
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising at least one fuel cell stack (2) with an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4), an air supply section (5), a fuel supply section (6) and a recirculation section (7), wherein a heat exchanger network with at least one first heat exchanger (8) and a second heat exchanger (9) is provided, wherein the second heat exchanger (9) is arranged downstream of the first heat exchanger (8), wherein a cold side of the first heat exchanger (8) is arranged in the fuel supply section (6) and a cold side of the second heat exchanger (9) is arranged in the air supply section (7).
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising at least one fuel cell stack (2) with an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4), an air supply section (5), a fuel supply section (6) and a recirculation section (7), wherein a heat exchanger network with at least one first heat exchanger (8) and a second heat exchanger (9) is provided, wherein the second heat exchanger (9) is arranged downstream of the first heat exchanger (8), wherein a cold side of the first heat exchanger (8) is arranged in the fuel supply section (6) and a cold side of the second heat exchanger (9) is arranged in the air supply section (7).
The invention further relates to the use of such a fuel cell system (1).
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
The present invention relates to a cell casing assembly (100) for encasing at least one battery cell (10), comprising a cell frame (20) for enclosing at least one battery cell (10) and a cell casing (30) for sealing the at least one battery cell (10) in the cell casing assembly (100) so as to form a gas barrier. According to the invention, the cell casing assembly (100) has at least one closed pressure relief opening which is formed in the cell frame (20), wherein a circumference of the pressure relief opening defines a predetermined breaking point (33) in a portion of the cell casing (30) and/or the cell frame (20) closing the at least one pressure relief opening, for opening the gas-barrier-forming cell casing assembly (100) so as to provide pressure relief.
The invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust gas of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine (1) using an exhaust gas purification system (2) comprising two SCR systems (10, 11) which are connected behind one another and are each associated with a metering means (12, 13) for metering an ammonia-containing reducing agent into the exhaust gas. By reducing agent being metered in using the second metering means (13), a quantity of ammonia stored in an SCR catalytic converter (8) of the second SCR system (11) is set at least approximately to a predefinable setpoint value, and a reducing agent metering rate for the second metering means (13) is determined according to the predetermined setpoint value. According to the invention, in order to determine the reducing agent metering rate for the second metering means (13), the quantity of ammonia stored in the SCR catalytic converter (8) of the second SCR system (11) and spent by conversion with a quantity of nitrous oxide introduced into the SCR catalytic converter (8) is taken into consideration. A control means (14) is provided for the exhaust gas purification system (2), which control means is designed to control an implementation of the exhaust gas purification method according to the invention.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operationControl specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F01N 13/00 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
23.
GAS CONDUIT DEVICE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS
The present invention relates to a gas conduit device (10) which serves to conduct a high-temperature gas between high-temperature fuel cell stacks (SOFC stacks). According to the invention, the gas conduit device (10) has a conduit body (11), which is made of a ceramic material and serves to electrically isolate electrical potentials at axial ends of the conduit body (11).
The invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (1) having an exhaust gas purification system (2) connected thereto, which comprises a first SCR catalyst (4) and a second, downstream, SCR catalyst (8) and a particle filter (7) arranged between the first SCR catalyst (4) and the second SCR catalyst (8). In this method, a reducing agent containing urea is dosed into the exhaust gas using a first dosing device (10) arranged on the inlet side of the first SCR catalytic converter (4) and/or using a second dosing device (12) arranged on the inlet side of the second SCR catalytic converter (8), and nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas are at least largely removed from the exhaust gas in the first and/or second SCR catalytic converter (4, 8) by selective reduction using ammonia released from the dosed urea. According to the invention, the overall reducing agent dosing rate is distributed over a first dosing rate dosed by the first dosing device (10) and a second dosing rate dosed by the second dosing device (12) as a function of particle formation brought about by reaction of urea dosed at the second dosing rate. The invention further relates to an exhaust gas purification system with a control device (13) which is configured to control performance of a corresponding exhaust gas purification method.
The invention relates to a computer-implemented method for generating a virtual prototype of a vehicle on the basis of data from road measurements, comprising the following work steps: S1) providing a tyre database which comprises a plurality of tyre datasets with Pacejka parameters; S2) providing a vehicle model, with a tyre model which can be adapted via a tyre dataset; S3) providing a tyre dataset for the tyre model; S4) carrying out a measurement journey with a load event during which a measured value of a traction parameter of at least one of the tyres is determined; S5) simulating the load event using the vehicle model, wherein at least one simulated value of the traction parameter is output by the tyre; S6) comparing the measured value of the traction parameter with the simulated value of the traction parameter; S7) adapting the tyre dataset, in order to adjust the simulated value of the traction parameter to the measured value of the traction parameter by changing the Pacejka parameters; wherein the work steps S5 to S7 are repeated until a termination condition is achieved, and subsequently the Pacejka parameters are output.
The invention relates to a supply device (10) for supplying at least one electrical drive device (200) of a vehicle, comprising at least two fuel cell systems (100) each having at least one fuel cell stack (110) for generating electrical current, and comprising a high-voltage bus (20) with a connection section (22) for connecting the at least one electrical drive device (200), wherein the high-voltage bus (20) is directly electrically conductively connected to the fuel cell systems (100) and a battery device (30) is electrically conductively connected to the high-voltage bus (20) via a voltage converter (32) in order to control the bus voltage (VB) in the high-voltage bus (20).
B60L 50/75 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
B60L 58/31 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
B60L 58/40 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
The invention relates to a media distributing device (100) for distributing gaseous media to an assembly of a plurality of fuel cell stacks (200), comprising an air supply section (10, 11, 12, 13) for supplying the fuel cell stacks (200) with air and a fuel supply section (20, 21, 22, 23) for supplying the fuel cell stacks (200) with fuel. According to the invention, at least one section of a fuel supply chamber (20) is received within an air supply chamber (10), wherein the air supply chamber (10) surrounds a border of the fuel supply chamber (20) at least at the received section of the fuel supply chamber (20).
The invention relates to an inspection method for inspecting at least one central temperature-control device (160) for controlling the temperature of a media flow to at least two fuel cell stacks (110) of a fuel cell system (100), having the following steps: - specifying a process parameter target value (PPS), - detecting process parameter actual values (PPI) of the at least two fuel cell stacks (110), - determining process parameter deviations (PPA) as a difference between each detected process parameter actual value (PPI) and a specified process parameter target value (PPS), - specifying weighting factors (G) for the determined process parameter deviations (PPA), - generating a process parameter sum (PPT) on the basis of the process parameter deviations (PPA) and the weighting factors (G) specified for same, and - outputting a control specification (SV) to the at least one central temperature-control device (160) on the basis of the generated process parameter sum (PPT).
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Test equipment and testing devices for testing electrical
and electronic components, inverters, rectifiers, devices
for distributing electrical energy, namely battery chargers
installed in a vehicle (on-board chargers), control units
for battery management in vehicles, electrical and
electronic cables, bus interfaces and vehicle energy
management; computer programs, software and control programs
for the operation and testing of control units for energy
management and battery management in vehicles. Design and development of computer programs and software;
design and development of control programs for the operation
and testing of fuel cells, batteries and accumulators;
technical analysis and investigation of data from electronic
control units (ECU); technical analysis and research
relating to inverters, rectifiers, devices for the
distribution of electrical energy, namely battery chargers
installed in a vehicle (on-board chargers), control units
for battery management in vehicles, electrical and
electronic cables, bus interfaces and the energy management
of vehicles.
The invention relates to an electric drive unit (1) comprising at least one first electric machine (3) having a first rotor (31), mounted in a housing (2), with a first drive shaft (33) which is connected, for conjoint rotation, to a first drive pinion (34) that is constantly in toothed engagement with a output gear (5) or can be rotationally connected thereto, comprising at least one second electric machine (4) having a second rotor (41), mounted in the housing (2), with a second drive shaft (43) which is connected to a second drive pinion (44), wherein the first drive pinion (34) and the output gear (5) on the one side, and the second drive pinion (44) and the output gear (5) on the other side each form a single-stage spur gear transmission (30, 40), and wherein the first drive pinion (34), the second drive pinion (44) and the output gear (5) are each rotatable about an axis of rotation (3a, 4a, 5a) and the first axis of rotation (3a) of the first drive pinion (34), the second axis of rotation (4a) of the second drive pinion (44) and the third axis of rotation (5a) of the output gear (5) are arranged parallel to one another. In order to improve efficiency, the invention proposes that the second drive pinion (44) is arranged in an axially displaceable manner within the second rotor (41) and can be brought into toothed engagement with the output gear (5) by way of axial displacement in a first axial displacement direction (VI).
The invention relates to a method for determining the minimum cell voltage (ZV-MIN) of fuel cells (112) arranged in a fuel cell stack (110) of a fuel cell system (100), having the following steps: - determining channel voltages (KV) for at least two measurement channels (MK), each measurement channel having at least two fuel cells (112) which are measured in series, - ascertaining the average value (KM) for the determined channel voltages (KV) for each measurement channel (MK), - ascertaining an estimated maximum cell voltage (ZV-MAX), - ascertaining an estimated minimum cell voltage (ZV-MIN) for each measurement channel (MK) on the basis of the ascertained cell voltages (KV) and the ascertained maximum cell voltage (ZV-MAX), and - outputting the estimated minimum cell voltage (ZV-MIN) as the output minimum voltage (AV-MIN) of the respective measurement channel (MK).
The invention relates to a measuring arrangement (1) having an electric machine (2) with a rotor (4) and having a measuring device (3) for determining a torque loss of the electric machine (2), wherein the measuring device (3) has a fixing device (5) and at least one piezo element (6i, 6ii, 6iii, 6iv), preferably at least three, in particular four, piezo elements, each having a preferred direction, wherein the fixing device (5) carries the at least one piezo element (6i, 6ii, 6iii, 6iv) and supports the electric machine via the at least one piezo element (6i, 6ii, 6iii, 6iv) in such a way that at least shear forces between the electric machine (2) and the fixing device (5) can be measured by means of the at least one piezo element (6i, 6ii, 6iii, 6iv), wherein the preferred direction or the preferred directions each lies or lie parallel to or in a single plane, wherein a rotation axis (7) of the rotor (4) intersects the plane at an angle of between 45° and 135°, preferably between 85° and 95°, most preferably at least substantially perpendicularly, and wherein the rotor (4) is freely rotating.
G01L 1/16 - Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
G01L 3/10 - Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
G01L 5/167 - Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using piezoelectric means
The invention relates to a method for determining a loss torque of an electrical machine comprising a rotor, wherein the electrical machine is mounted on a measuring device in such a way that an axial torque on the machine can be measured, and wherein the rotor is freely rotatable, the method comprising the following working steps: operating the machine for a first time in such a way that the rotor reaches a predefined rotational speed; operating the machine for a second time to let it idle when the predefined rotational speed has been reached, wherein a signal from the measuring device, which signal represents the axial torque on the machine, is monitored; identifying a jump in the signal; and determining the value of the jump, wherein the value indicates the loss torque of the electrical machine.
The invention relates to an inspection method for inspecting the opening duration (OD) of an outlet valve (142) of a liquid container (140) in an anode exhaust gas section (124) of a fuel cell system (100), having the following steps: - opening the outlet valve (142) in order to discharge liquid (F) out of the liquid container (140), - detecting the anode pressure (AP) in the anode exhaust gas section (124) at the point in time at which the outlet valve (142) is opened, - setting an anode pressure reference value (APR) on the basis of the detected anode pressure (AP), - further monitoring the anode pressure (AP) during the opening duration (OD) of the outlet valve (142), - determining an anode pressure deviation (APA) of the monitored anode pressure (AP) from the set anode pressure reference value (APR), and - closing the outlet valve (142) if the determined anode pressure deviation (APA) exceeds a deviation threshold (AG).
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/04313 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variablesProcesses for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
The invention relates to a method for operating a test bench for vehicles using simulation means and a motion capture system, comprising the following steps: generating a virtual test environment with at least one virtual living being and at least one virtual vehicle using the simulation means, wherein one of the virtual living beings is a virtual representation of a real living being and wherein one of the virtual vehicles is a virtual representation of a vehicle with a driver assistance system, wherein additionally at least parts of the vehicle are operated as a real test specimen on the test bench, wherein the driver assistance system is operated, particularly stimulated, based on the virtual test environment; stimulating the real living being in the motion capture system based on the generated virtual environment using a stimulus; capturing motion data using the motion capture system, wherein the motion data describe a temporal course of the pose of at least one part of an anatomical structure of the real living being; and recording the captured motion data.
The invention relates to a prechamber unit (1) for an internal combustion engine, which prechamber unit has a prechamber body (2), forming a prechamber (3), with a nozzle cap (4) which is configured to open into a combustion chamber (5) of an internal combustion engine. The prechamber (3) is flow-connected via a central connecting channel (9) and at least one first nozzle channel (7) with a first orifice (10) in the nozzle cap (4) and at least one second nozzle channel (8) with a second orifice (11) in the nozzle cap (4), wherein the nozzle channels (7, 8) branch off from the connecting channel (9) and are arranged on different sides of a vertical plane (s), running through a longitudinal axis (9a) of the connecting channel (9), of the prechamber unit (1), wherein a spark plug (13) opens into the prechamber (3). In order to make stable ignition and rapid flame propagation into the combustion chamber (5) possible in the prechamber (3), it is provided that a first nozzle cap angle (oi) of the first orifice (10) and a second nozzle cap angle (02) of the second orifice (11) and/or a first orifice plane angle (ßi) of the first orifice (10) and a second orifice plane angle (ßz) of the second orifice (11) is/are of different configuration, wherein the nozzle (4) is shaped asymmetrically in relation to the vertical plane (s).
Test stands where vehicles have to be brought in independently or on lifting platforms and prepared for connection to the load apparatuses are known. In order to shorten the existing setup time and clearing time on the test stand, a vehicle support (10) for a test stand (82) is proposed which comprises two longitudinal beams (12, 14), a front crossmember (22) and a rear crossmember (20), via which the two longitudinal beams (12, 14) are connected to one another, two bearing portions (26) which extend on those sides of the longitudinal beams (12, 14) which face away from the rear crossmember (20), two bearing portions (26) which extend on both sides of the longitudinal beams (12, 14) which face away from the front crossmember (20), and four supporting elements (36) which are fastened to the four bearing portions (26). Rollers (38) are arranged at least on the two supporting elements (36) which are arranged on those sides of the longitudinal beams (12, 14) which face away from the front crossmember (22), and adapter devices (44), to which wheel hubs (46) of a vehicle (48) can be fastened, are fastened on the supporting elements (36). Furthermore, the invention proposes a corresponding method for setting up a test stand with such a vehicle support.
The invention relates to a system for generating scenario data for the testing of a driver assistance system of a vehicle and a corresponding method, where the system comprises: means for simulating a virtual traffic situation, where at least one first road user can be controlled by a first user and simulation data is generated during the simulation; a first user interface for outputting a virtual environment of at least one first road user to the first user on the basis of the virtual traffic situation; a second user interface for capturing inputs of the first user for controlling the at least one first road user in a virtual environment of the first road user; means for checking the generated simulation data for the occurrence of scenarios; means for extracting scenario data related to the scenario; and a data storage for recording the scenario data for testing the driver assistance system.
The invention relates to a fuel cell group (10) for generating electric energy, having a main fuel cell system (100) with at least one main fuel cell stack (120) and at least one auxiliary fuel cell system (200) with at least one auxiliary fuel cell stack (220), wherein the main fuel cell system (100) and the at least one auxiliary fuel cell system (200) are electrically connected in a parallel manner, the main fuel cell system (100) has a main control module (110) for variably controlling a variable main operating point (HBP), and the auxiliary fuel cell system (200) has an auxiliary switching module (210) for switching between an off-state (AZ) and at least one specified on-state (EZ).
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
The present invention relates to a method for determining an ageing status (AZ) of a fuel cell (112), a fuel cell stack (110) and/or a fuel cell system (100) on a test bench (200), characterised by the following steps: - monitoring the profile of the electric potential (EP) during operation of the test bench (200), - detecting local extremes (LE) in the monitored profile of the electric potential (EP), - determining a reduced cycle number (RZZ) based on detected cycles (EZ) of the detected local extremes (LE), - determining reduced cycle values (RZW) for all local extremes (LE) of the reduced cycle number (RZZ), - comparing the reduced cycle number (RZZ) and the reduced cycle values (RZW) with a comparison database (70) for at least one ageing type of fuel cells (112), - outputting a qualitative and/or quantitative ageing status (AZ) on the basis of the comparison result.
The present invention relates to a test method for testing the disconnection function of a main switch device (110) of an electrical connection device (100) of a fuel cell system (200), the method having the following steps:
generating a voltage variation (VV) on the low-voltage side (LVS) of a transformer device (120),
switching a negative main switch (112) of the main switch device (110),
detecting a voltage difference (VD) between a low voltage (LV) of the low-voltage side (LVS) of the transformer device (120) and a system voltage (SV) of the fuel cell system (200),
comparing the voltage difference (VD) detected with a zero value (NW).
The invention relates to a liquid-cooled cylinder head (1) for an internal combustion engine, with at least one cooling chamber (2) adjoining a fire deck (3), and with a valve spring chamber (16) which is separated from the former by an upper deck (17), and with at least one prechamber unit (7) which is arranged, in particular, in the region of a cylinder axis in the cylinder head (1), delimits the cooling chamber (2), and is sealed with respect to the upper deck (19) into at least one seal zone (21), wherein the prechamber unit (7) has a prechamber (8), into which at least two components (15, 16, 17) open. In order to make reliable sealing and cooling of the prechamber unit (7) possible, it is provided that the seal zone (21) has, in a top view, a sealing shape (22) which differs from the circular shape.
According to the invention, in order to allow reliable concentration measurements of a gaseous or solid material in a measurement volume, at least one part of an exhaust plume in the measurement volume is captured by an imaging unit and a total passage path of the light beam through the exhaust plume in the measurement volume is determined from the captured image of the at least one part of the exhaust plume, and a concentration of the gaseous or solid material in the measurement volume is determined from the determined decrease in the light intensity and from the total passage path.
G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
The present invention relates to a battery storage device (100) in which a cell-receiving portion (12) of a housing (10) has a plurality of receiving chambers (21) which are divided gas-impermeably by means of a chamber partition (16) and in which an individual battery cell or a group of a plurality of battery cells (20) is received; and a gas exhaust portion (13) of the housing (10) has a plurality of exhaust passages (31) which are at least partially divided gas-impermeably by means of a passage partition (18) and are each fluidically connected to an associated receiving chamber (21) and form a flow path which is separate at least in certain sections.
The present invention relates to a battery energy storage device (100), wherein a sealing element (40) is arranged at a through-opening (13) which extends through a housing (10) and in which a busbar (30) extends from an interior (12) to an outer face (17) of the housing (10).
H01M 50/24 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
H01M 50/289 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
H01M 50/30 - Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising: at least one fuel cell stack (2) having an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4); an air supply section (5); a fuel supply section (6); an exhaust gas section (7) having an afterburner (8); and a recirculation section (9), wherein a first heat exchanger (10) is located in the recirculation section (9), wherein a first dividing device (11a) is provided downstream of the first heat exchanger (10) in order to conduct a portion of the anode exhaust gas to the afterburner (8). The invention also relates to a use of such a fuel cell system (1).
The present invention relates to a battery cell testing device (10) for use in a battery cell testing system, said device comprising: a battery cell holder (12) having a frame (14) and a battery cell fixing device (22); a contact device (24) for electrically contacting the battery cell; and a temperature control device (26) which is located on the contact device (24) and the frame (14). The temperature control device has: cooling fins arranged on the contact device (24); an axial fan (28); and a flow-guiding device (30), on the contact device (24), for guiding an air flow generated by the axial fan (28).
The present invention relates to a battery cell test apparatus (10), comprising: a holding device (12) having a battery cell receiving device (13) for a battery cell to be tested, and a positioning device (16) for a conditioning plate (22); and a base device (14) with an electrical connection device (32) for connecting to the battery cell to be tested, an electrical test system connection (52) electrically connected to the electrical connection device (32) for connection to a test system power source, a signal connection device (34) for connection to a signal lead connected to a sensor, a test-system signal connection (54) connected for signalling purposes to the signal connection device (34), a first heat-transfer medium connection device (36a) for the fluidic connection of the conditioning plate (22) to an external heat-transfer medium source, and a first test-system heat-transfer medium connection (56) in fluidic connection to the first heat-transfer medium connection device (36a), characterised in that two pressure plates (60), with surfaces facing one another, arranged on the positioning device (16), wherein a battery cell receiving space (26) is formed between the two pressure plates (60), one pressure plate (60) is designed as a conditioning plate (22) or both pressure plates (60) are designed as conditioning plates (22).
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
G01R 31/385 - Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 10/6556 - Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
49.
DEVICE FOR MEASURING AT LEAST ONE GASEOUS OR SOLID MATERIAL
The invention relates to a device for measuring at least one gaseous or solid material in at least one measurement volume at a stationary measurement station, wherein: a light source and at least one detector are provided, and at least one main primary beam can be emitted from the light source to at least one beam splitter unit; the at least one beam splitter unit is disposed at a first distance from a first reflection region of a reflection unit, and the beam splitter unit splits the main primary beam into at least one first partial beam oriented through the measurement volume toward the first reflection region and at least one secondary primary beam oriented in a different direction than the main primary beam; at least one deflecting unit is disposed at a second distance from a second reflection region, and the at least one secondary primary beam can be directed to the deflecting unit by means of the beam splitter unit and the at least one secondary primary beam can be directed, as a second partial beam, through the at least one measurement volume toward the second reflection region by means of the deflecting unit; and each of the at least one measurement volume is disposed between the beam splitter unit and/or the deflecting unit and the associated reflection regions and is at least partly delimited by the beam splitter unit and/or the deflecting unit and the associated reflection regions. According to the invention, the first reflection region directs the first partial beam, as a first return beam, through the at least one measurement volume to the at least one detector, the second reflection region directs the second partial beam, as a second return beam, through the at least one measurement volume to the at least one detector, and the at least one detector measures a light property of each return beam, said light property characterizing the at least one gaseous or solid material.
G01N 21/85 - Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
G01N 15/075 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
G01N 21/27 - ColourSpectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection
The present invention relates to a method (100) for controlling one or two electrically driven axles (1a, 1b) of a vehicle with electric motors (EM1, EM2), each connected to an output (2, 2a, 2b) via a respective power transmission path (3, 4), comprising the following steps: determining (101a) values for a speed and a torque applied to at least one mechanical component (5) of the power transmission paths (3, 4) and/or the electric motors (EM1, EM2); determining a value of a damage condition of the at least one mechanical component (5) resulting from damage inputs over a predefined period of time; and controlling (107) the electrically driven axles (1a, 1b) taking into account the damage condition of the at least one mechanical component (5).
B60L 15/20 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performanceAdaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
B60K 1/02 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
B60L 3/00 - Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposesMonitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
51.
COOLING DEVICE AND COOLING SYSTEM FOR COOLING ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A COOLING DEVICE
There are known cooling devices for cooling electronic components having a housing (10), which forms a cooling chamber (12) and a distributor chamber (14), an inlet (18), which is formed on the housing (10) and via which coolant can be introduced into the distributor chamber (14), an outlet (42), which is formed on the housing (10) and via which coolant can be discharged from the cooling chamber (12), and a plurality of nozzles (28) via which the distributor chamber (14) is connected to the cooling chamber (12). To obtain a reduced pressure loss along with an excellent cooling effect, the nozzles (28) are formed as inclined with respect to a normal vector (N) to a base (36) of the cooling chamber (12) in the direction of the outlet (42). Additive manufacturing is also used to avoid coolant loss.
H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
H01L 23/473 - Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
In order to provide a method that improves on the prior art for controlling a test bench arrangement in which a rotating specimen is connected to a rotating loading machine via a mechanical shaft connection and in which at least one angular velocity prevailing in the test bench arrangement is measured, the rotational behavior of the test bench arrangement and thus the dynamic behavior at least of the measured angular velocity and of a specimen angular velocity (ωP) prevailing in the specimen is first of all modeled using a first system of differential equations. Building on this, the specimen torque (TP) generated by the specimen is modeled using a second system of differential equations, a state observer for estimating the specimen angular velocity (ωP) and the specimen torque (TP) is designed on the basis of the first and second system of differential equations, estimates of the specimen angular velocity (ω{circumflex over ( )}_P) and of the specimen torque ({circumflex over (T)}ρ) are determined by means of the state observer, and the determined estimates are used to control at least one control angular velocity prevailing in the test bench arrangement (4) and/or at least one control torque prevailing in the test bench arrangement.
A metering unit for generating a mixed gas. The metering unit includes a main gas source, a main gas line, a main gas branch line with a first mass flow controller, a supplementary gas source, a supplementary gas line with a second mass flow controller, a storage tank connected to the main gas branch line and the supplementary gas line to store the main and supplementary gas as the mixed gas, a vent line with a valve to discharge the mixed gas from the storage tank, a mixed gas line with a third mass flow controller to convey the mixed gas from the first storage tank, and a mixing zone fluidically connected to the mixed and main gas lines so that the main and mixed gas flow into the mixing line to provide a measuring gas. The mixing zone leads the measuring gas to a consumer via an outlet line.
The invention relates to a fuel cell generator module (10) comprising a fuel cell stack assembly for generating electrical power. According to the invention, a supply corridor (4) is arranged in a central region, extending substantially in a vertical direction (V) and a horizontal direction (H) through the fuel cell generator module (10). In addition, a stack direction (S) of the stack (1) extends horizontally through the fuel cell generator module (10), and stack ends (14) of at least two stacks are oppositely directed towards one another from both side of the supply corridor. The flow paths of an anode supply lines (20) and a cathode supply lines (30) are arranged between the stack ends (14) of the two stacks (1) that are pointing towards one another within the supply corridor (4).
H01M 8/2484 - Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
55.
METHOD FOR ADAPTING TEST CASES FOR A SECURITY INSPECTION
The invention relates to a computer-implemented method for adapting test cases (TC1) for a security check of a functional system to be tested of a mobility application, in particular from the automotive and/or aeronautics industries, by means of a test system, as well as the test system and an associated computer program product. The test system is provided with test cases (TC1), which have already been used for security checks of functional systems that are used in or for mobility applications, and/or can be used for such security checks. The method comprises the following steps: Dividing the test cases (TC1) into test modules (T11,..., T14) (101); - abstracting the test modules (T11,..., T14), wherein system-specific information, data and parameters of the functional systems contained in the test modules (T11,..., T14), to which the respective test cases (TC1) were applied, are replaced in a respective test module (T11,..., T14) by abstract placeholder variables (102); creating abstract test scenarios (TS1, TS2, TS3) for security checking of the functional system to be tested, wherein the abstracted test modules (a1,..., a5) are combined (103) for a test scenario (TS1, TS2, TS3); - deriving test cases (TC21, TC22, TC23) for the functional system to be tested from the abstract test scenarios (TS1, TS2, TS3), wherein the respective abstract placeholder variables in the abstracted test modules (a1,..., a5) of a respective test scenario (TS1, TS2, TS3) are assigned corresponding system-specific information, data and parameters of the functional system (104) to be tested; and - applying the test cases (TC21, TC22, TC23) derived from the test scenarios (TS1, TS2, TS3) to the functional system (105) to be tested.
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
The invention relates to a test stand assembly (101) for a test object (111), comprising a dynamometer (102), a transmission (105), and a torque measuring device (108) arranged between the transmission (105) and the test object (111), wherein the torque measuring device (108) is connected to a transmission output (106) of the transmission (105) and/or the torque measuring device (108) is connected to a shaft connection (110) for the test object (11) at least via an adapter, and at least one component of the test stand assembly (101) is excited with a high-frequency excitation frequency. In order to improve the quality of the measurement results, at least one adapter is designed as a torsion decoupling adapter (107, 109) which is designed with a defined low-frequency target natural frequency which is lower than the high-frequency excitation frequency.
G01M 13/025 - Test-benches with rotational drive means and loading meansLoad or drive simulation
F16F 15/10 - Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
F16F 15/129 - Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon characterised by friction-damping means
F16F 15/139 - Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses characterised by friction-damping means
F16F 15/16 - Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using a fluid
G01M 15/02 - Details or accessories of testing apparatus
58.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A TECHNICAL SYSTEM - OBSERVER CASCADE
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
Disclosed is a method for data acquisition in a vehicle, comprising at least one data acquisition unit and at least one processing unit, wherein the at least one data acquisition unit records at least one vehicle data record that is marked by at least one protected vehicle data record. The vehicle data is modified on the basis of a degree of anonymity by a preprocessing operation in the processing unit and is stored as secure vehicle data such that it is impossible to draw conclusions about the protected vehicle data.
G06F 21/62 - Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
G07C 5/08 - Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle, or waiting time
H04W 12/02 - Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]
The invention relates to a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine (1) comprising an inlet side (6) and an outlet side (7), which are arranged on different sides of a motor longitudinal plane (9) including a cylinder axis (8) and a crank shaft axis, comprising a cylinder head (2), having a top-down cooling concept, with a fire deck adjacent to a cylinder block (3) and a head-cooling chamber (15) with a first head-part-cooling chamber (16) spaced apart from the fire deck (4) and a second head-part-cooling chamber (17) adjacent to the fire deck (4) of the cylinder head (2), which is separated from the first head-part-cooling chamber (16) by an intermediate deck (18), wherein the first head-part-cooling chamber (16) and the second head-part-cooling chamber (17) are fluidically connected to one another at least in the region of a central component (19) via at least one transfer channel (21) in the intermediate deck (18), and comprising a block cooling casing (30) arranged in the cylinder block (3), which is connected to the first head-part-cooling chamber (16) via at least one first flow transfer (34) in the fire deck (4) of the cylinder head (2) and a supply channel (35) in the cylinder head (2). According to the invention, in order to allow for the best-possible and uniform cooling of regions exposed to high thermal stress with minimal manufacturing outlay, the second head-part-cooling chamber (17) is connected to a run-off collection chamber (33) of the cylinder block (3) via at least one second flow transfer (36) in the fire deck (4), and the block cooling casing (30) is connected to the run-off collection chamber (33) via a bypass channel (29), wherein the flow cross-section of the bypass channel (29) is smaller than the flow cross-section of the first flow transfer (34).
The aim of the invention is to provide a flexible testing assembly comprising a test object at a testing device for performing a test phase of a test sequence using measured values (M) of the test object. This aim is achieved in that the test object comprises a measuring module, wherein a test sensor is provided in the measuring module and designed to acquire the measured values (M) of the test object. A communications device is provided in the measuring module and designed to transmit the measured values (M) to an evaluation unit of the testing device, wherein the evaluation unit is designed to process the measured values (M) in order to perform the test phase of the test sequence.
The invention relates to a system for generating scenarios for the testing of a driver assistance system of a vehicle and a corresponding method, the system comprising: means for simulating a traffic situation comprising the vehicle and at least one further road user, where a first road user can be controlled by a first user; a first user interface for outputting a virtual environment based on the virtual traffic situation to the first user via a first, in particular at least visual, user interface; and a second user interface for capturing inputs of the first user for controlling the at least one first road user in the virtual environment; means for operating the driver assistance system in a virtual environment of the vehicle on the basis of the simulated traffic situation; means for capturing a scenario; and means for determining a quality factor of the resulting scenario.
The invention relates to a method for starting a primary drive machine, in particular an internal combustion engine, in an electric driving mode of a drive unit and to a drive unit for a motor vehicle, in particular a motorcycle (11), comprising a primary drive machine (ICE), a secondary drive machine (EM), and a transmission (13). The drive unit (12) has three shifting elements which are paired with the planetary gear set, the input shaft (14), and the primary drive machine (ICE). Thus, the planetary gear set can be blocked, and the input shaft (14) and the primary drive machine (ICE) are blocked in at least one rotational direction.
B60K 6/387 - Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
B60K 6/365 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
B60W 10/06 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
B60W 10/08 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Test apparatus and testing devices for testing electrical and electronic components, inverters, rectifiers and apparatus for distributing electrical energy, namely on-board battery chargers installed in a vehicle, electronic and electronical control devices for battery management in vehicles, electrical and electronic cables, USB (universal serial bus) hardware interfaces and electric control devices for energy management of vehicles; recorded computer programs, software and control programs for the operation and testing of control devices for energy management and battery management in vehicles; downloadable computer programs, software and control programs for the operation and testing of control devices for energy management and battery management in vehicles Design and development of computer programs, software and control programs for the operation and testing of fuel cells, batteries and accumulators; technological services, namely technical analysis and examination of data statuses from electronic control units (ECU) of vehicles; technological services, namely technical analysis and research relating to inverters, rectifiers, and apparatus for distributing electrical energy, namely on-board battery chargers installed in a vehicle, control devices for battery management in vehicles, electrical and electronic cables, USB (universal serial bus) hardware interfaces and electric control devices for energy management of vehicles
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Test apparatus and testing devices for testing electrical
and electronic components, inverters, rectifiers, apparatus
for distributing electrical energy, namely battery chargers
installed in a vehicle (on-board charger), control devices
for battery management in vehicles, electrical and
electronic cables, bus interfaces and energy management of
vehicles; computer programs, software and control programs
for the operation and testing of control devices for energy
management and battery management in vehicles. Design and development of computer programs, software and
control programs for the operation and testing of fuel
cells, batteries and accumulators; technical analysis and
examination of data statuses from Electronic Control Units
(ECU); technical analysis and research relating to
inverters, rectifiers, apparatus for distributing electrical
energy, namely battery chargers installed in a vehicle
(on-board charger), control devices for battery management
in vehicles, electrical and electronic cables, bus
interfaces and energy management of vehicles.
The invention relates to a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine (1), comprising: —a cylinder head (2) having a top-down cooling concept, with a head cooling chamber (15) with a first head partial cooling chamber (16) spaced apart from the fire deck (4) and with a second head partial cooling chamber (17), which adjoins the fire deck (4) of the cylinder head (2) and is separated from the first head partial cooling chamber (16) by an intermediate deck (18), the first head partial cooling chamber (16) and the second head partial cooling chamber (17) being fluidically interconnected, in the region of a central component (19), by means of a passage channel (21) in the intermediate deck (18); —a main feed channel (32), which is disposed in the cylinder block (3) and is connected to the first head partial cooling chamber (16) by means of a first flow passage (34) in the fire deck (4) of the cylinder head (2) and by means of a supply channel (35); —a block cooling jacket (41), which is fluidically connected to the second head partial cooling chamber (17) by means of a second flow passage (36) in the fire deck (4) of the cylinder head (2). According to the invention, in order to improve the cooling, the block cooling jacket (41) has a first block partial cooling jacket (29), which is near the fire deck (4) and into which the second flow passage (36) leads, and a second block partial cooling jacket (30), which is separated from the first block partial cooling jacket (29) and is emote from the fire deck (4), the first block cooling jacket (29) being fluidically connected to the second block cooling jacket (30) by means of a third flow passage (37) which is diametrically opposite the second flow passage (36), and the second block partial cooling jacket (30) being connected to a main discharge channel (33) which is disposed in the cylinder block (2).
The invention relates to a device (1) for measuring brake emissions (BE), having a housing (3) for receiving a test object (2), in particular a brake arrangement (2). The housing (3) has a funnel-shaped supply region (7), through which cooling air (KL) for cooling the test object (2) and for detecting the brake emissions (BE) can be introduced into the housing (3) from a supply air channel (4) through an inlet opening (9). The braking emissions (BE) can then be further conveyed from the housing (3) through an outlet opening (12) into an exhaust air channel (5) and to a measuring system. At least one perforated plate (13) is arranged in the funnel-shaped supply region (7) at a perforated plate position (P) for aligning the flow of the cooling air (KL) introduced into the housing (3). The perforated plate position (P) for attaching the at least one perforated plate in the supply region (7) between the inlet opening (9) and an opening (10) to a central receiving region (6) for the test object (2) can be selected as desired.
The aim of the invention is to allow a reliable quantification and classification of brake abrasion of a brake system of a vehicle and simultaneously reduce the complexity in a practical application. This is achieved by a measuring rim with a rim interior, in which a collecting housing is arranged that extends in the circumferential direction of the measuring rim over an extension angle (α). A collecting housing interior is formed in the collecting housing, and the collecting housing is at least partly open towards the collecting housing interior on a radially inner circumferential surface extending in the circumferential direction of the measuring rim. A discharge area is provided on the rim flange on the measuring rim, and a collecting channel which connects the collecting housing interior of the collecting housing to the discharge area is provided on the measuring rim.
The invention relates to a fuel cell network (10) for providing electric energy to at least two electrical propulsion units (20a, 20b, 20c) driving a heavy-duty vehicle (100), comprising at least one fuel cell stack (30a, 30b, 30c) per propulsion unit (20a, 20b, 20c) further comprising at least one DC bus (40a, 40b, 40c) per propulsion unit (20a, 20b, 20c), wherein a first DC bus (40a) is electrically isolated against every other DC bus (40b, 40c) and electrically connected to a first electrical propulsion unit (20a) and further electrically connected to a first fuel cell stack (30a) via a DC-DC converter (50), wherein further at least one second DC bus (40b) is electrically isolated against every other DC bus (40a, 40c) and electrically connected to a second electrical propulsion unit (20b) and further electrically connected directly to a second fuel cell stack (30b).
The invention relates to a machine assembly (1) comprising an internal combustion engine (2) with at least one crankshaft (7) mounted in a crankcase (3) such that it can rotate about a crankshaft axis (7a) and at least one electric machine (11), comprising a rotor (14) that can be rotated about a rotor axis (14a), wherein the rotor axis (14a) is arranged parallel to the crankshaft axis (7a), wherein the rotor (14) is drivingly connected to the crankshaft (7) via a gearwheel stage (15), and wherein the gearwheel stage (15) is arranged in a gearwheel plane (ε) perpendicular to the rotor axis (14a) and to the crankshaft axis (7a). According to the invention, in order to reduce wear and sound radiation, a housing (12) of the electric machine (11) is securely connected to the crankcase (3) of the internal combustion engine (2) via a bridge part (22), wherein the bridge part (22) is connected to the housing (12) of the electric machine (11) and to the crankcase (3) in such a way that the spacing between the rotor axis (14a) and the crankshaft axis (7a) is fixed by the bridge part (22).
F02B 67/04 - Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functionsDriving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
B60K 6/40 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
The present invention relates to an encoding method for encoding detected cell voltages (ZU) of a multiplicity of electrochemical cells (110) of an electrochemical system (100), in particular of a fuel cell system and/or of a battery device, characterized by the following steps: - detecting the cell voltages (ZU) of the multiplicity of electrochemical cells (110), - storing the detected cell voltages (ZU) in a detection dataset (ED), - encoding the detection dataset (ED) to form a compression dataset (KD), wherein the encoding step has the following sub-steps: ○ determining and storing at least one common statistical parameter (SP) for all detected cell voltages (ZU), ○ determining and storing the deviation number (AA) of deviation cell voltages (AZU) of all detected cell voltages (ZU) which deviate by more than a specified deviation threshold value (AG) from the determined statistical parameter (SP), and ○ storing all deviation cell voltages (AZU), and - outputting the compression dataset (KD).
In order, on a drivetrain test bench (1), to be able to apply reaction forces to the steering system of the drivetrain to be tested, the invention provides a steering force module (18), which comprises a force transmission unit (19) having an outer part (19a) and an inner part (19b) which can rotate relative to the outer part (19a) about a rotational axis (DA), the inner part (19b) being connectable to a rotatable part of the wheel suspension (4) for conjoint rotation, at least one portion of the outer part (19a) being movable relative to the inner part (19b) in at least one additional degree of freedom of movement. An attachment point (BP) for attaching a tie rod end (14a) of the tie rod (14), which has been detached from the wheel suspension (4) of the vehicle (2), is provided on the movable portion of the outer part (19a), and the steering force module (18) comprises at least one force generation unit (20) for generating the steering counter force (FG), the force generation unit (20) comprising a fixed part (21) and a moving part (22) which can move relative to the fixed part, the fixed part (21) being attachable at a positionally fixed mounting point (MP) of the drivetrain test bench (1) or at a fixed mounting point (MP') on the drivetrain or on the vehicle, and the moving part (22) being connected at a connection point (VP) to the movable portion of the outer part (19a) of the force transmission unit (19), the steering counter force (FG) being transmittable from the at least one force generation unit (20) via the moving part (22) and the movable portion of the outer part (19a) onto the tie rod (14).
In order to be able to apply, in a simple way on a roller test bench (1), reaction forces to a steering system of a vehicle (2) to be tested, a steering force module (13) is provided according to the invention, said steering force module comprising an adapter (14) for connecting the steering force module (13) to the steerable wheel (VR), wherein: the adapter (14) is rotatably connected to a force transmission unit (15); a number of force-generating units (16) for generating the steering counterforce are provided; and each force-generating unit (16) comprises a fixed part (16a) and a moving part (16b) which can be moved relative to the fixed part, the fixed part (16a) being connectable to a stationary component (17) of the roller test bench (1) and the moving part (16b) being connected to the force transmission unit (15) so that the steering counterforce can be transmitted to the wheel (VR) by means of the force transmission unit (15) and the adapter (14).
In order to provide a simpler possibility for generating steering reaction forces in a vehicle test bench (1), it is provided that a tie rod head (9a), provided for transmitting a steering force (FL) to a steerable wheel suspension (3) of the vehicle (1) to be tested, of a tie rod (9) of the steering system (4) is detached from the steerable wheel suspension (3), wherein a fixed part (21) of a steering force module (20) is connected to a stationary mounting point (M1) of the vehicle test bench (1) or to a mounting point of the vehicle (2) fixed on the vehicle and and a movable part (22), which is movable relative to the fixed part (21), of the steering force module (20) is connected to a translationally movable part of the steering system (4), preferably to the detached tie rod head (9a) of the tie rod (9) of the steering system (4), wherein a steering force (FL) is exerted using the steering system (4) of the vehicle (1) and wherein a steering counterforce (FG) acting counter to the steering force (FL) is exerted by means of the steering force module (20), by the movable part (22) being moved relative to the fixed part (22) counter to a spring force generated by a spring device (F) and/or counter to a damping force generated by a damping device (D).
The invention relates to a method for operating a particulate filter (3) taking the ash loading into consideration, to an arrangement in this respect, to a control unit in this respect, and to a vehicle in this respect, wherein, during the operation of the internal combustion engine (1), fuel and/or lubricants are at least partially converted into ash by the internal combustion engine (1), wherein a first ash value is calculated on the basis of the fuel consumption and/or the lubricant consumption of the internal combustion engine (1), wherein, after regeneration of the particulate filter, the differential pressure across the particulate filter (3) is determined, wherein a second ash value is calculated on the basis of the determined differential pressure, wherein the ash quantity in the particulate filter (3) is determined from the first and the second ash value, and wherein, if the determined ash quantity exceeds a predefined value, a status device is activated.
The present invention relates to a burner device (10) for a fuel cell system (100), having a burner housing (20) with a burner inlet (22) for admitting a fuel/air mixture (BL) and a burner outlet (24) for discharging a burner exhaust gas/air mixture (BAL), additionally having a catalyst body (30) within the burner housing (20) comprising a catalyst cavity (32) into which the burner inlet (22) opens, wherein the catalyst body (30) is gas-permeable and has a catalyst surface (34) with an at least partly catalytic coating (36), wherein a bypass volume (40) is formed between the catalyst surface (34) and the burner housing (20), said bypass volume opening into the burner outlet (24), wherein the catalyst body (30) additionally has a longitudinal axis (LA), and the catalyst surface (34) has a cross-sectional contour (QK) which deviates from a circular shape at least in some sections with respect to the longitudinal axis (LA).
The invention relates to a method for correcting a misalignment of at least one shafting of a powertrain on a test bench, where at least one piezoelectric force sensor is arranged in a path of force via which a force flow can be transmitted between a load unit of the test bench and a drive unit of the powertrain or the test bench during a transmission of power via the shafting, comprising: performing a force measurement in at least one plane and/or perpendicular to the at least one plane which is intersected by a rotational axis of the shafting and may be substantially perpendicular to the rotational axis; analyzing a measured value or a measured value progression of the force measurement for detecting a misalignment of the shafting; determining target values for a position correction of the load unit or the drive unit in order to minimize the misalignment; and outputting the target values.
G01B 7/31 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapersMeasuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
G01L 1/16 - Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
G01M 1/24 - Performing balancing on elastic shafts, e.g. for crankshafts
G01M 15/02 - Details or accessories of testing apparatus
78.
DIAGNOSTIC METHOD AND DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSING A FUEL CELL
The present invention relates to a diagnostic method (100) for diagnosing at least one fuel cell of a fuel cell system, wherein the diagnostic method (100) comprises the following steps: providing (102) at least two different polarisation models (1) for extracting a diagnostic fuel cell parameter set (3) from a polarisation curve (2) of at least one fuel cell, detecting (104) at least one polarisation curve (2) from at least one measurement of at least one fuel cell, applying (106) at least two of the previously detected different polarisation models (1) to the at least one polarisation curve (2) of the at least one fuel cell, and extracting (108) a diagnostic fuel cell parameter set (3) from the at least one polarisation curve (2) of the at least one fuel cell for each of the applied polarisation models (1).
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
79.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL APPARATUS FOR A GASEOUS MEDIUM
A temperature control device for a gaseous media. The temperature control device includes a first heat exchanger layer in which a medium channel for a gas to be temperature-controlled is formed, a second heat exchanger layer which extracts heat from and/or supplies heat to the first heat exchanger layer, and a diffusion layer which is arranged between the first heat exchanger layer and the second heat exchanger layer. The diffusion layer is open to the gas to be temperature-controlled.
F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
F28F 3/12 - Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
F28F 21/08 - Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
The invention relates to a liquid-cooled cylinder head (1) for an internal combustion engine with a top-down cooling concept, having a lower cooling chamber (4) adjoining a fire deck (3) and an upper cooling chamber (5) which is separated from the lower cooling chamber (4) by an intermediate deck (6) and which is largely further away from the fire deck (3) than the lower cooling chamber (4), wherein the lower cooling chamber (4) and the upper cooling chamber (5) are connected fluidically together in the region of a receiving sleeve (8), arranged centrally with respect to the cylinder (2), for a component (80) leading centrally into a combustion chamber (7), via at least one annular overflow channel (9), formed by an overflow opening (14) and the receiving sleeve (8), in the intermediate deck (6), wherein a diameter (D) of the substantially circular overflow opening (14) is larger than an outside diameter (d) of the receiving sleeve (8), having an inlet channel arrangement with at least two inlet openings (10E) leading into the combustion chamber (7) and an outlet channel arrangement with at least two outlet openings (10A) leading into the combustion chamber (7). In order to achieve optimal cooling of thermally critical regions, the invention provides that the overflow opening (14) is arranged eccentrically with respect to the receiving sleeve (8), wherein a central axis (14a) of the overflow opening (14), extending through a center (M) of the overflow opening (14), is spaced apart from the sleeve axis (8a) of the receiving sleeve (8).
In order to simplify the execution of test drives with a test vehicle which is controlled by a test driver so as to complete a test case, according to the invention, for each test case (TFj) a start condition (SBj) is defined on the basis of at least one sensor signal (S) of a vehicle sensor of the test vehicle and stored in the memory unit together with the associated test case (TFj), wherein each start condition (SBj) defines a particular vehicle state, at least one sensor signal (S) that represents a current vehicle state is recorded by at least one vehicle sensor during the test drive, and the at least one sensor signal (S) is transmitted to a test unit, the test unit reads out the start condition (SBj) of at least one stored test case (TFj) from the memory unit and, during the test drive, the test unit checks whether the vehicle state stored for the read-out start condition (SBj) and the current vehicle state represented by the recorded sensor signal (S) match, and, if they match, the test driver completes the test case (TFj) assigned to the read-out start condition (SBj), in that said test case (TFj) is started, and the test driver is provided with the test steps (TSn) defined in this test case (TFj) for attention, and the test driver performs these test steps (TSn).
The present invention relates to a water separator (10) for a fuel cell system (100), the water separator (10) having: an inlet opening (16) for an anode discharge section (122) of the fuel cell system (100), for admitting anode exhaust gas (3) from the fuel cell system (100); a storage volume (4) for storing water (1) separated from the anode exhaust gas (3); and an outlet opening (14) for discharging the water (1) stored in the storage volume (4), the water separator (10) having an ultrasonic measuring system (20) comprising at least one ultrasonic sensor (22, 24) for measuring a water level (2) of the water (1) and for measuring a hydrogen concentration in the anode exhaust gas (3).
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
G01N 29/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
The present invention relates to a fuel cell stack assembly for the end portions of a fuel cell stack having individual, stacked unit cells. The fuel cell stack assembly comprises an output terminal (20), an electrically conductive bus plate (10), a load distribution plate (60) covering outer side, and an electrically insulating isolator plate (40) arranged between the bus plate (10) and the load distribution plate (60). According to the invention, the output terminal (20) is arranged within planar dimensions of the load distribution plate (60), and reaches to the outside through an opening (40a) in the isolator plate (40) and through an opening (60a) in the load distribution plate (60) in a stacking direction (S) of the fuel cell stack.
The present invention relates to a flow measurement device (100) for time-dependent measurement of local concentrations of specific fluids in fluid mixtures relative to reference fluids, comprising: at least one reference flow channel (10) which conducts a reference fluid (R); a measurement flow channel (20) which conducts a fluid mixture (M); at least two sensor units (31, 32) for detecting a concentration of a specific fluid in the fluid mixture (M), said sensor units being spaced apart in the flow direction and being disposed between the reference flow channel (10) and the measurement flow channel (20); measurement units (41, 42) for measuring an output value (X1, X2) which is output by the sensor units (31, 32) according to the detected concentration; and a time evaluation unit for evaluating time intervals (Δt), which monitors correlations between respective curves of the output values (X1, X2) from the sensor units (31, 32) and captures a time interval (Δt) of correlations, the curve of which occurs first at one and thereafter at another of the first sensor unit (31) and the at least second sensor unit (32).
The present invention relates to a concentration measurement device (100, 200) for the comparative measurement of concentrations of specific fluids in fluid mixtures with respect to reference fluids, comprising: at least two different reference flow channels (10, 11, 12), which carry different reference fluids (R, R1, R2) or at least two different measurement flow channels (20, 21, 22), which carry one or more fluid mixtures (M, M1, M2); and sensor units (31, 32) for sensing a concentration of one or more specific fluids in the fluid mixture (M, M1, M2), which are arranged between a reference flow channel (10, 11, 12) and a measurement flow channel (20, 21, 22) and are each in contact with a reference fluid (R, R1, R2) and a fluid mixture (M, M1, M2); and measurement units (41, 42) for measuring an output value that is output by the sensor units (31, 32) in accordance with the sensed concentration.
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04186 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (100) for generating electric energy, having a fuel cell stack (110) comprising an anode section (120) and a cathode section (130). The anode section (120) has an anode supply section (122) for supplying an anode supply gas (AZG) and an anode discharge section (124) for discharging an anode exhaust gas (AAG), and the cathode section (130) has a cathode supply section (132) for supplying a cathode supply gas (KZG) and a cathode discharge section (134) for discharging a cathode exhaust gas (KAG). The anode discharge section (124) has a dividing section (125) for dividing the anode exhaust gas (AAG) into an anode recirculation section (140) for recirculating the anode exhaust gas as an anode recirculation gas (ARG) and an anode discharge section (150) for discharging the anode exhaust gas into the surrounding area as an anode discharge gas (AUG). A condenser device (126) is arranged in the anode discharge section (124) or in the anode recirculation section (140), thereby contacting the cathode supply section (132) so as to transfer heat, in order to cool the anode exhaust gas (AAG) or the anode recirculation gas (ARG) by heating the cathode supply gas (KZG), and a water outlet (128) is arranged downstream of the condenser device (126) in order to discharge the water (KW) which is condensed in the condenser device (126), wherein a mixing section (123) is arranged downstream of the water outlet (128) in order to mix the anode recirculation gas (ARG) with combustible gas (BRG) and in order to supply same to the anode supply section (122) as an anode supply gas (AZG).
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
The invention relates to a utility vehicle (11) comprising a chassis (14), a fuel cell (26) and a fuel cell cooling system (12), wherein the fuel cell cooling system (12) comprises: a coolant circuit (30) connected to the fuel cell (26) for guiding a coolant; a pump (32) for circulating the coolant; a heat exchanger (36) that is thermally connected to the chassis (14); a bypass line (38) that can be switched via a multi-port bypass valve (38) for bypassing the heat exchanger (36); and a control unit for switching the multi-port bypass valve (38).
The invention relates to an internal combustion engine having a top-down cooling concept, in particular with a plurality of cylinders (2), having a liquid-cooled cylinder head (1) with a first cooling chamber (81) adjoining a fire deck (10) and a second cooling chamber (82), which is separated from the first cooling chamber (83) by an intermediate deck, and which is predominantly further away from the fire deck (10) than the first cooling chamber (81), wherein the first cooling chamber (81) and the second cooling chamber (82) are flow-connected to one another in the region of the ignition device (6), with an intake port arrangement (30) on an intake side (3) and an exhaust port arrangement (40) on an exhaust side (4), having, per cylinder, two intake valves (312, 322), two exhaust valves (412, 422), an ignition device (6) opening centrally into a combustion chamber (5) and an injection device (7) opening laterally into the combustion chamber (5), which is arranged between a first intake port (31) and a second intake port (32) of the intake port arrangement (30). In order to enable sufficient cooling of the injection device (7), the first intake port (31) and the second intake port (32) of each cylinder (2) in the cylinder head (1) are routed separately starting from at least one lateral flange surface (33) of the cylinder head (1), and the injection device (7) is at least partially surrounded by a cooling chamber (85), which is flow-connected to the second cooling chamber (82) or is formed as part of the second cooling chamber (82).
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (100) for generating electrical energy, comprising a fuel cell stack (110) with an anode section (120) and a cathode section (130), with the anode section (120) having an anode supply section (122) for supplying anode supply gas (AZG) and an anode discharge section (124) for discharging anode off-gas (AAG), wherein the anode discharge section (124) transitions into an anode recirculation section (140) for the recirculation of the anode off-gas (AAG) as an anode recirculation gas (ARG) to the anode supply section (122), and with the cathode section (130) having a cathode supply section (132) for supplying cathode supply gas (KZG) and a cathode discharge section (134) for discharging cathode off-gas (KAG), wherein an active cooling device (180) is arranged in the anode recirculation section (140) for cooling the anode recirculation gas (ARG), wherein a water outlet (128) is arranged downstream of the active cooling device (180) for releasing the condensate (KW) that has formed in the active cooling device (180), wherein a mixing section (123) is arranged downstream of the water outlet (128) for mixing the anode recirculation gas (ARG) with fuel gas (BRG) and for supplying same as the anode supply gas (AZG) to the anode supply section (122).
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
B60K 6/365 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
B60K 6/387 - Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
B60K 6/547 - Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
F16H 3/00 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
B60K 6/387 - Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
B60K 6/365 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
B60K 6/547 - Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
F16H 3/089 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously- meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
The present invention relates to a high-voltage battery system (10) for supplying a plurality of loads (12a-12g) of a vehicle, in particular of a utility vehicle, comprising: - a plurality of batteries (14a-14d) connected to each other in parallel, - a power distributor line (16) divided by segments (18a-18d) switchably connected to each other, wherein the plurality of batteries (14a-14d) are switchably connected to different segments (18a-18d) of the power distributor line (16) via dedicated connecting lines (22a-22d); - an insulation monitor (12a) for monitoring the insulation resistance of the power distributor line (16); and - a control device connected to the insulation monitor and designed to isolate at least one connection of the segments (18a-18d) in the event of a malfunction.
B60L 3/00 - Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposesMonitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
B60L 3/04 - Cutting-off the power supply under fault conditions
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
B60L 58/20 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
G01R 31/52 - Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
B60L 1/00 - Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of electrically-propelled vehicles
93.
FLOW ARRANGEMENT FOR SUPPLYING A MEDIA FLOW TO INLET OPENINGS OF FUEL CELL STACKS
The invention relates to a flow arrangement (30) for supplying a media flow (1) to inlet openings (42) of fuel cell stacks (40), wherein the flow arrangement (30) has a flow distributer (10) with a main flow section (12) and with auxiliary flow sections (14) branching off from the main flow section (12) for fluidically connecting to the inlet openings (42) of the fuel cell stack (40), and wherein a flow inlet (11) is formed on the main flow section (12) for supplying the media flow (1) into the main flow section (12), wherein the flow arrangement (30) also has a flow insert (20), arranged in the main flow section (12) and fluidically coupled to the flow inlet (11), with at least one flow recess (22, 24) for the evenly distributed supply of the media flow (1) to the inlet openings (42) via the main flow sections and the auxiliary flow sections (14).
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (50) comprising a fuel cell stack (40) and a flow assembly (30) for supplying a media flow (1) to the fuel cell stack (40). The flow assembly (30) has a flow section (10) which is fluidically connected to the fuel cell stack (40), and the flow assembly (30) additionally has a flow insert (20) which is arranged in the flow section (10), extends in a main direction of extent along the flow section (10), and has a flow inlet (24) for admitting the media flow (1) and at least one flow opening (22) that is formed on the flow insert (20) side (21) facing away from the fuel cell stack (40).
The present invention relates to a system (100) and method for effecting and determining a specific defect and/or impairment on a PEM fuel cell (10). In addition to measuring operating parameters, comparing measurement signals to reference signals and determining whether there is a specific defect and/or impairment, in particular operating parameters are controlled in a test mode according to provided stress factor patterns, in which critical settings and/or curves of operating parameters for effecting defects and/or impairments on the fuel cell (10) to be tested are stored.
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
The invention relates to a control method for starting up a fuel cell system after a standstill, comprising the steps of supplying the anode supply gas to the anode supply section (12) and at least intermittently blocking and/or throttling the cathode supply gas to the cathode supply section (14). According to the invention, the at least intermittent blocking and/or throttling of the cathode supply gas is carried out or continued until an open-circuit voltage (Uoc) returns to or falls below a permissible threshold voltage (Uth); and a switch device (20) of an electrical connection between a fuel cell unit (10) and a DC voltage converter (30) is only closed after the open-circuit voltage (Uoc) returns to or falls below the permissible threshold voltage (Uth).
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
H01M 8/04302 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
The invention relates to a temperature-control housing (10) for controlling the temperature of components of a fuel cell system (100), comprising a housing wall (20) surrounding a housing interior (22), wherein a separation device (30) for separating water (W) from an anode exhaust gas (AAG) for recirculation as a recirculation gas (RZG) is arranged in the housing interior (22), characterised in that a part of a cooling circuit (140) for cooling system components of the fuel cell system (100) in order to control the temperature of the housing interior (22) is also arranged in the housing interior (22), wherein the separation device (30) has an anode exhaust gas inlet (32) for receiving anode exhaust gas (AAG) from an anode section (120) of a fuel cell stack (110) of the fuel cell system (100) and has a recirculation gas outlet (34) for releasing the anode exhaust gas (AAG) as recirculation gas (RZG) into an anode supply section (122) for supply to the anode section (120) of the fuel cell stack (100).
A pressure measuring device includes a pressure gauge having a pressure measuring member, at least one connection line which connects the pressure gauge to a measured media source, a connection block which is fluidically connected to the pressure gauge, a heating element and/or cooling element which controls a temperature of the connection block, and at least one closable vent hole which is arranged in the connection block. A section of the at least one connection line which is connected to the pressure measuring member is arranged in the connection block. The at least one closable vent hole is arranged to branch off from the at least one connection line in an ascending manner and to open above the at least one connection line.
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
G01L 19/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
99.
MEASURING DEVICE FOR METERING FLUIDS, AND METHOD FOR METERING BY MEANS OF A MEASURING DEVICE OF THIS TYPE
A measuring device for metering a fluid. The measuring device includes a container with the fluid, a fluid inlet which is fluidically connected to the container, a fluid outlet which is fluidically connectable with a metering point, a metering line which connects the fluid inlet with the fluid outlet, a delivery pump arranged in the metering line, a density sensor arranged in the metering line, a flow meter arranged in the metering line, and a recirculation line which is arranged to branch off from the metering line downstream of the flow meter and to open into the container. The flow meter is arranged in a measuring unit housing which is arranged at a distance from a pump unit housing in which at least the delivery pump is arranged. The pump unit housing is detachably connected to the measuring unit housing via a connection portion of the metering line.
G01F 1/88 - Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature, or pressure with differential-pressure measurement to determine the volume flow
G01F 1/36 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
G01F 1/698 - Feedback or rebalancing circuits, e.g. self heated constant temperature flowmeters
G01F 1/90 - Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature, or pressure with positive-displacement meter or turbine meter to determine the volume flow
G01F 1/84 - Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
G01F 15/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
In order to specify an improved method for validating a V2X message (3) sent by a transmitter (2) and received by a receiver (1) arranged on a vehicle, at least one actual physical received signal property of the V2X message (3) is determined, when the V2X message (3) is received, and a purported transmitter position (p2) of the transmitter (2) is determined from the V2X message (3). Local environment geodata, comprising a positioning a number of stationary objects (O1, O2, O3, O4), are provided, based on the purported transmitter position (p2) and taking into account the environmental geodata and the receiver position (P1), a signal path (x) of the V2X message (3) is simulated and at least one simulated physical received signal property is determined from the simulated signal path (x) and the receiver position (P1). The V2X message (3) is validated, if the at least one simulated physical received signal property differs from the at least one actual physical received signal property by less than a limit value (G)
