A cracking furnace for cracking a hydrocarbon feed, the furnace including a firebox having a single radiant zone including, a first plurality of cracking coils each having a first shape arranged within the firebox. The radiant zone includes a second plurality of cracking coils each having a second shape arranged within the radiant zone. A burner section positioned below the first plurality cracking coils and below the second plurality of cracking coils. A convection section is positioned on top of the firebox configured to recover residual heat from the firebox.
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
A downflow reactor, e.g. a downer reactor or system, includes an outer wall defining an interior reactor space. An elongated plug is within the outer wall having a first end and a second end, defining a longitudinal axis between the first and second ends. A distribution baffle positioned at a vertical position between the first end and the second end of the elongated plug configured and adapted to direct hot down flowing catalyst towards a feedstock spray.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
3.
Systems and methods for improving feed catalyst contacting in downflow reactors
A downflow reactor, e.g. a downer reactor or system, includes an outer wall defining an interior reactor space. An elongated plug is within the outer wall having a first end and a second end, defining a longitudinal axis between the first and second ends. A distribution baffle positioned at a vertical position between the first end and the second end of the elongated plug configured and adapted to direct hot down flowing catalyst towards a feedstock spray.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
4.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING LIGNOCELLULOSIS ALKANES
A process for converting lignocellulosic feedstock includes providing a lignocellulosic feedstock into a first inlet of a first reactor at a first end, and providing a hot feedstock into a second inlet of the first reactor at a second end of the first reactor. The process includes heating and reacting the lignocellulosic feedstock with the hot feedstock and outputting a first product stream from a first product outlet of the first reactor. The first product stream is an alkane rich product stream. A reactor system includes a first reactor having a first inlet at a first end, a second inlet at a second end and at least one product outlet. The first reactor is configured to receive a lignocellulosic feedstock at the first inlet and a hot feedstock at the second inlet. The system includes a second reactor having a first inlet downstream from the at least one product outlet.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C07C 9/22 - Acyclic saturated hydrocarbons with more than fifteen carbon atoms
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
5.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING LIGNOCELLULOSIS ALKANES
A process for converting lignocellulosic feedstock includes providing a lignocellulosic feedstock into a first inlet of a first reactor at a first end, and providing a hot feedstock into a second inlet of the first reactor at a second end of the first reactor. The process includes heating and reacting the lignocellulosic feedstock with the hot feedstock and outputting a first product stream from a first product outlet of the first reactor. The first product stream is an alkane rich product stream. A reactor system includes a first reactor having a first inlet at a first end, a second inlet at a second end and at least one product outlet. The first reactor is configured to receive a lignocellulosic feedstock at the first inlet and a hot feedstock at the second inlet. The system includes a second reactor having a first inlet downstream from the at least one product outlet.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C07C 9/22 - Acyclic saturated hydrocarbons with more than fifteen carbon atoms
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
A catalytic cracking system in which liquid hydrocarbon and bio-oil are directed into a reactor riser of a fluid catalytic cracking unit by separate feed spray nozzle assemblies. To protect liquid bio-oil directed through the liquid bio-oil feed nozzle assembly from high temperature degradation, an insulating layer is provided between a central bio-oil feed tube in a concentrically surrounding atomizing gas passageway. Cooling channels also may be provided in the spray tip of the bio-oil feed nozzle assembly.
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
B05B 1/06 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops in annular, tubular or hollow conical form
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
A catalytic cracking system in which liquid hydrocarbon and bio-oil are directed into a reactor riser of a fluid catalytic cracking unit by separate feed spray nozzle assemblies. To protect liquid bio-oil directed through the liquid bio-oil feed nozzle assembly from high temperature degradation, an insulating layer is provided between a central bio-oil feed tube in a concentrically surrounding atomizing gas passageway. Cooling channels also may be provided in the spray tip of the bio-oil feed nozzle assembly.
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
B05B 1/06 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops in annular, tubular or hollow conical form
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B05B 7/04 - Spray pistolsApparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
A fluid distribution device includes a riser having a first end and a second end. A cap operatively connected to the second end of the riser. The cap includes an inner surface and an outer surface with a plurality of holes defined between the inner and outer surface. The device includes at least one distribution arm extending radially outward from the cap. The at least one distribution arm has an interior surface and an exterior surface. The at least one distribution arm includes a plurality of holes between the interior surface and the exterior surface. A processing assembly includes a vessel defining an interior space and the fluid distribution device including a riser mounted in the interior space of the vessel having a first end mounted to the vessel and a second end opposite from the first end.
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
A fluid distribution device includes a riser having a first end and a second end. A cap operatively connected to the second end of the riser. The cap includes an inner surface and an outer surface with a plurality of holes defined between the inner and outer surface. The device includes at least one distribution arm extending radially outward from the cap. The at least one distribution arm has an interior surface and an exterior surface. The at least one distribution arm includes a plurality of holes between the interior surface and the exterior surface. A processing assembly includes a vessel defining an interior space and the fluid distribution device including a riser mounted in the interior space of the vessel having a first end mounted to the vessel and a second end opposite from the first end.
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
B05B 1/34 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
A system for stabilizing a hydrocarbon feedstock includes a High Pressure Separation (HPS) unit in fluid communication with a feedstock inlet. The EPS unit includes an oil outlet. A Heated Low Pressure (LP) Separator unit is downstream from the oil outlet of the HPS unit. The Heated LP Separator unit includes an oil outlet.
C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
C10G 53/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only
C10G 67/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
+ olefins obtained from steam or fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons. In particular, the present disclosure relates to processes for preparing propylene by improved isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene relative to the metathesis reaction.
A packing system includes a first packing element layer including a plurality of blades and a second packing element layer including a plurality of blades. The packing system includes intra-layer variation and/or inter-layer variation. Intra-layer variation includes (i) varying spacing between blades within the first and/or the second packing element layer, (ii) varying sizes of the blades within the first and/or the second packing element layer, and/or (iii) varying angle of inclination of the blades within the first and/or second packing element layer. Inter-layer variation includes the blades of the first packing layer having a first spacing, a first size and a first angle of inclination, and the blades of the second packing layer having a second spacing, a second size, and a second angle of inclination. The second spacing, size, and/or angle of inclination is different from the first spacing, size, and/or angle of inclination.
B01J 2/22 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in generalRendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by pressing in moulds or between rollers
13.
Maximum olefins production utilizing multi-stage catalyst reaction and regeneration
A method and system for increasing olefin production and quality from a hydrocarbon feed comprising a fully integrated multi-stage catalyst regeneration zones with multi-stage reaction zones in series and/or parallel. The multi-stage regeneration with at least one partial and one full burn zone provides an independent control to achieve the lowest possible regenerated catalyst temperature, resulting in highest possible catalyst to oil ratio required to maximize olefins yields through increased catalytic cracking in a multi stage FCC riser/risers.
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
B01J 8/28 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations the one above the other
14.
MAXIMUM OLEFINS PRODUCTION UTILIZING MULTI-STAGE CATALYST REACTION AND REGENERATION
A method and system for increasing olefin production and quality from a hydrocarbon feed comprising a fully integrated multi-stage catalyst regeneration zones with multi-stage reaction zones in series and/or parallel. The multi-stage regeneration with at least one partial and one full burn zone provides an independent control to achieve the lowest possible regenerated catalyst temperature, resulting in highest possible catalyst to oil ratio required to maximize olefins yields through increased catalytic cracking in a multi stage FCC riser/risers.
B01J 8/26 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
B01J 8/36 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed through which there is an essentially horizontal flow of particles
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
A packing system is disclosed that has a series of flat blades arranged to promote mixing in a fluidized bed such as one in a FCC stripper, with an upward flowing gas stream and a downward flowing solid particle stream. The blade arrangement provides for different gas solids flow directions within a single layer of packing system to enhance cross mixing of gas and catalyst in all directions and reduces the potential for gas and catalyst bypassing. The blade arrangement has splits which minimizes the tendency for phase separation around the blade. The arrangement and sizing of the blades is intended to promote intimate contact between the two phases to ensure efficient mass transfer of material trapped inside the particles to the gas phase. The arrangement of the blades prevents excessive bubble growth and channeling, both of which reduce surface area for mass transfer.
A device for the intimate mixing of solid particles and a gaseous medium within a gas-solid fluidized bed, comprising a plurality corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions arranged in alternating intersecting planes that provide a plurality of open spaces between or adjacent the alternating intersecting planar stanchions. The element has a three-dimensional lattice configuration and the corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions are formed from metal having peaks and valleys or ribs, such that the peaks and valleys or ribs are angled at less than 90 degrees from the fall-line of the planar stanchion when assembled into the element. The angled peaks and valleys or ribs form channels that enhance lateral movement of catalyst particles into the spaces between the stanchions to provide improved vapor/solids mixing and contact.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/34 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with stationary packing material in the fluidised bed, e.g. bricks, wire rings, baffles
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/32 - Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
17.
DEVICE FOR GAS SOLIDS FLUIDIZED SYSTEM TO ENHANCE STRIPPING
A device for the intimate mixing of solid particles and a gaseous medium within a gas-solid fluidized bed, comprising a plurality corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions arranged in alternating intersecting planes that provide a plurality of open spaces between or adjacent the alternating intersecting planar stanchions. The element has a three-dimensional lattice configuration and the corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions are formed from metal having peaks and valleys or ribs, such that the peaks and valleys or ribs are angled at less than 90 degrees from the fall-line of the planar stanchion when assembled into the element. The angled peaks and valleys or ribs form channels that enhance lateral movement of catalyst particles into the spaces between the stanchions to provide improved vapor/solids mixing and contact.
B01J 8/34 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with stationary packing material in the fluidised bed, e.g. bricks, wire rings, baffles
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 19/32 - Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
An external catalyst cooler arrangement for an FCC regenerator improves the operation of the catalyst cooler by the use of a heat removal unit design utilizing a central supply tube and central heat removal conduit surrounded by external heat removal tubes connected directly to the central heat removal conduit.
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 38/32 - Indirectly heating or cooling material within regeneration zone or prior to entry into regeneration zone
B01J 8/08 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with moving particles
F28D 13/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
An external catalyst cooler arrangement for an FCC regenerator improves the operation of the catalyst cooler by the use of a heat removal unit design utilizing a central supply tube and central heat removal conduit surrounded by external heat removal tubes connected directly to the central heat removal conduit.
F28D 15/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/08 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with moving particles
B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
A packing system is disclosed that has a series of flat blades arranged to promote mixing in a fluidized bed such as one in a FCC stripper, with an upward flowing gas stream and a downward flowing solid particle stream. The blade arrangement provides for different gas solids flow directions within a single layer of packing system to enhance cross mixing of gas and catalyst in all directions and reduces the potential for gas and catalyst bypassing. The blade arrangement has splits which minimizes the tendency for phase separation around the blade. The arrangement and sizing of the blades is intended to promote intimate contact between the two phases to ensure efficient mass transfer of material trapped inside the particles to the gas phase. The arrangement of the blades prevents excessive bubble growth and channeling, both of which reduce surface area for mass transfer.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/08 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with moving particles
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
B01J 8/34 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with stationary packing material in the fluidised bed, e.g. bricks, wire rings, baffles
B01J 8/38 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation
B01J 19/32 - Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
B01D 15/18 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
B01D 53/12 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents with dispersed adsorbents according to the "fluidised technique"
The present disclosure relates to processes for improved yields of propylene via metathesis, primarily from the conversion of C4 and C5+ olefins obtained from steam or fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons. In particular, the present disclosure relates to processes for preparing propylene by improved isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene relative to the metathesis reaction.
C07C 7/163 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by hydrogenation
The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and a compact riser separation system for separating a gaseous mixture from a stream of particles entering from a central riser reactor used for cracking a hydrocarbon feed with the stream of particles. The apparatus provides improved gas solid separation efficiency and maximize containment of the hydrocarbon and minimize residence time in the separation system and thereby minimizing undesired post riser cracking reactions.
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
B01D 45/08 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01D 45/06 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by reversal of direction of flow
The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and a compact riser separation system for separating a gaseous mixture from a stream of particles entering from a central riser reactor used for cracking a hydrocarbon feed with the stream of particles. The apparatus provides improved gas solid separation efficiency and maximize containment of the hydrocarbon and minimize residence time in the separation system and thereby minimizing undesired post riser cracking reactions.
The present invention relates to a device that conditions high entrance velocity, superheated feed gas, which include some high boiling components, for example, asphaltenes and poly-nuclear aromatics that tend to coke upon condensation and exposure to the superheated feed gas temperature. Also included in superheated feed gas are solid catalyst fines, from a single or multiple feed nozzles to a quiescent flow regime for uniform distribution of the gases, to a contact device within the Main Fractionator (MF) column.
B01F 3/04 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed gases or vapours with liquids
F28F 25/10 - Component parts of trickle coolers for feeding gas or vapour
F28F 25/08 - Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid filmsElements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
B01D 3/32 - Other features of fractionating columns
F28C 1/02 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
Methods and systems for heating a reactor feed in a multi reactor hydrocarbon dehydrogenation process. The methods and systems are advantageously employed for the production of styrene by the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. The catalytic dehydrogenation process employs heating steam operating at a steam to oil ratio of about 1.0 or less and relatively low steam superheater furnace temperature, such that all components exposed to steam in the process (outside of the fired heaters) can be constructed with standard metallurgy.
C07B 63/02 - PurificationSeparation specially adapted for the purpose of recovering organic compoundsStabilisationUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification
F27B 9/10 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and chargeFurnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity electrically heated heated by hot air or gas
F27B 9/12 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
F28D 15/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls
Methods and systems for heating a reactor feed in a multi reactor hydrocarbon dehydrogenation process. The methods and systems are advantageously employed for the production of styrene by the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. The catalytic dehydrogenation process employs heating steam operating at a steam to oil ratio of about 1.0 or less and relatively low steam superheater furnace temperature, such that all components exposed to steam in the process (outside of the fired heaters) can be constructed with standard metallurgy.
C07C 5/327 - Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
C07C 5/367 - Formation of an aromatic six-membered ring from an existing six-membered ring, e.g. dehydrogenation of ethylcyclohexane to ethylbenzene
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
F28D 15/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
27.
Catalytic cracking spray nozzle with internal liquid particle dispersion ring
A gas assisted spray nozzle assembly having a nozzle body in the form of a hollow tubular member, such as a single cylindrical pipe section, which defines a mixing zone and a downstream barrel extension zone. A liquid inlet and an impingement pin are supported by the tubular member in opposed relation to each other at the mixing zone, and a pressurized gas inlet is provided at an upstream end of the tubular member. An annular dispersion ring is fixedly supported within the tubular member downstream of the impingement pin for defining an annular ledge for directing a peripheral portion of pressurized gas stream and liquid atomized in the mixing zone radially inwardly for facilitating continued intermixing of the liquid and pressurized gas stream as they proceed through the barrel zone for discharge from the spray nozzle.
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B05B 7/04 - Spray pistolsApparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
B05B 7/00 - Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
B05B 1/04 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
B05B 1/26 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectorsBreaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
28.
GAS DISTRIBUTOR FOR HEAT EXCHANGE AND/OR MASS TRANSFER COLUMN
The present invention relates to a device that conditions high entrance velocity, superheated feed gas, which include some high boiling components, for example, asphaltenes and poly-nuclear aromatics that tend to coke upon condensation and exposure to the superheated feed gas temperature. Also included in superheated feed gas are solid catalyst fines, from a single or multiple feed nozzles to a quiescent flow regime for uniform distribution of the gases, to a contact device within the Main Fractionator (MF) column.
The present invention relates to a device that conditions high entrance velocity, superheated feed gas, which include some high boiling components, for example, asphaltenes and poly-nuclear aromatics that tend to coke upon condensation and exposure to the superheated feed gas temperature. Also included in superheated feed gas are solid catalyst fines, from a single or multiple feed nozzles to a quiescent flow regime for uniform distribution of the gases, to a contact device within the Main Fractionator (MF) column.
B01F 3/04 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed gases or vapours with liquids
F28F 25/10 - Component parts of trickle coolers for feeding gas or vapour
B01D 3/32 - Other features of fractionating columns
F28F 25/08 - Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid filmsElements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
The present invention relates to a device that conditions high entrance velocity, superheated feed gas, which include some high boiling components, for example, asphaltenes and poly-nuclear aromatics that tend to coke upon condensation and exposure to the superheated feed gas temperature. Also included in superheated feed gas are solid catalyst fines, from a single or multiple feed nozzles to a quiescent flow regime for uniform distribution of the gases, to a contact device within the Main Fractionator (MF) column.
The present invention is directed to reduced-energy improvements in methods and systems to produce styrene monomer via ethylbenzene dehydrogenation. The methods and systems reduce utility cost and provide savings in comparison with the current technology practiced in the industry.
An energy conservation process directed to the purification of styrene monomer via distillation after the dehydrogenation reaction of ethylbenzene to produce crude styrene is disclosed. As practiced today, the purification of styrene via distillation requires large amounts of energy (i.e., steam) to provide heat to the various distillation columns. The presently disclosed improved process allows for a reduction in the amount of steam needed for this purpose.
The present invention is directed to improved methods and systems for increasing the efficiency of a dehydrogenation section of an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon production facility, wherein an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon, such as ethylbenzene, is dehydrogenated to produce an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon, such as styrene. The disclosed methods are more energy-efficient and cost effective than currently known methods for manufacturing styrene. The methods and systems advantageously utilize multiple reheat exchangers arranged in a series and/or parallel configuration that result in an energy consumption reduction and, consequently, a utility cost savings, as well as a reduction in styrene manufacturing plant investment costs.
C07C 5/327 - Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
C07C 5/32 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
F28F 9/26 - Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
34.
CATALYTIC CRACKING SPRAY NOZZLE WITH INTERNAL LIQUID PARTICLE DISPERSION RING
A gas assisted spray nozzle assembly having a nozzle body in the form of a hollow tubular member, such as a single cylindrical pipe section, which defines a mixing zone and a downstream barrel extension zone. A liquid inlet and an impingement pin are supported by said tubular member in opposed relation to each other at the mixing zone, and a pressurized gas inlet is provided at an upstream end of the tubular member. An annular dispersion ring is fixedly supported within said tubular member downstream of said impingement pin for defining an annular ledge for directing a peripheral portion of pressurized gas stream and liquid atomized in the mixing zone radially inwardly for facilitating continued intermixing of the liquid and pressurized gas stream as they proceed through the barrel zone for discharge from the spray nozzle.
The present invention is directed to reduced-energy improvements in methods and systems to produce styrene monomer via ethylbenzene dehydrogenation. The methods and systems reduce utility cost and provide savings in comparison with the current technology practiced in the industry. The method comprises: i) heating a feed stream comprising ethylbenzene and water as an azeotrope to provide a vaporized ethylbenzene/feed steam stream; and ii) dehydrogenating the ethylbenzene in the dehydrogenation section comprising at least a first, second, and a third reactor, at least two reheat exchangers, and a mixing apparatus upstream of the first reactor. The reheat exchangers utilizing superheated heating steam as a heating medium.
C07C 5/32 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
36.
METHOD FOR REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN A PROCESS TO PURIFY STYRENE MONOMER
An energy conservation process directed to the purification of styrene monomer via distillation after the dehydrogenation reaction of ethylbenzene to produce crude styrene is disclosed. As practiced today, the purification of styrene via distillation requires large amount energy (i.e., steam) to provide heat to the various distillation columns. The presently disclosed improved process allows for a reduction in the amount of steam needed for this purpose.
Disclosed is a process for the production of alkylated aromatics by contacting a feed stream comprising an alkylatable aromatic, an alkylating agent and trace amounts of water and impurities in the presence of a first catalyst and an alkylation catalyst wherein such water and impurities are removed in order to improve the cycle length of such alkylation catalysts. Water and at least a portion of impurities are removed in a dehydration zone. A reaction zone having a first catalyst which, in some embodiments is a large pore molecular sieve, acts to remove another portion of impurities, such as nitrogenous and other species. An alkylation zone having an alkylation catalyst which, in some embodiments is a medium pore molecular sieve or a MCM-22 family material, acts to remove additional impurities, and to alkylate the alkylatable aromatic compound.
C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
38.
METHOD FOR REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN A PROCESS TO PRODUCE STYRENE VIA DEHYDROGENATION OF ETHYLBENZENE
The present invention is directed to improved methods and systems for increasing the efficiency of a dehydrogenation section of an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon production facility, wherein an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon, such as ethylbenzene, is dehydrogenated to produce an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon, such as styrene. The disclosed methods are more energy-efficient and cost effective than currently known methods for manufacturing styrene. The methods and systems advantageously utilize multiple reheat exchangers arranged in a series and/or parallel configuration that result in an energy consumption reduction and, consequently, a utility cost savings, as well as a reduction in styrene manufacturing plant investment costs.
The present invention provides an improved fluidized catalytic cracking process coupled with a two stage regeneration process in which the activity of the circulating catalyst is independently controlled for cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks or the vapors at low severity to produce maximum light cycle oil/distillate in one riser whilst cracking recycle streams comprising heavy cycle oil (HCO), light cracked naphtha (LCN) etc. in a second riser operating at high severity to produce LPG.
C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
40.
Double transition joint for the joining of ceramics to metals
The invention is directed to effective means for joining materials having dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion, such as advanced ceramics with metallic compounds. Moreover, the present invention relates to furnace tubes and methods of fabricating a joint between two different materials, which is compositionally graded to provide a substantially graded coefficient of thermal expansion between the joint materials.
C03B 29/00 - Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfacesFire-polishingFusing of margins
B28B 5/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
B32B 9/00 - Layered products essentially comprising a particular substance not covered by groups
B22D 25/00 - Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
B23K 20/02 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press
B23K 35/00 - Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
C04B 35/565 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbides based on silicon carbide
C04B 37/02 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
A mass and/or heat transfer column is provided with a multiphase vapor distributor with distributes a vapor stream about the inner periphery of the column.
patents
