Various example embodiments of a processing unit power control capability are presented herein. The processing unit power control capability may be configured to support dynamic power control within a processing unit that includes a set of data processing pipelines by dynamically controlling powering of the data processing pipelines. The processing unit power control capability may be configured to support dynamic power control within a processing unit that includes a set of data processing pipelines by dynamically controlling powering of the data processing pipelines based on a parameter indicative of an incoming data rate of data to the processing unit.
Disclosed is a method comprising replacing one or more socket application programming interface functions with one or more customized socket application programming interface functions for at least one of a transmission control protocol client application or a transmission control protocol server application; and calling the one or more customized socket application programming interface functions for creating one or more shared memory channels for communication between the transmission control protocol client application and the transmission control protocol server application.
An apparatus (300), includes multiple sector antennas, each sector antenna of the sector antennas includes a reception array of antenna array elements (215) and a transmission array of antenna array elements (205), and wherein each sector antenna is configured for transmitting signals to devices (712, 722, 732) within a sector and for receiving signals, using the reception array, from devices within the sector; and processing circuitry configured to transform a downlink beamforming matrix into a transformed downlink beamforming matrix using a closed-form expression, wherein the transformed downlink beamforming matrix is configured to suppress both self-interference and cross-sector interference at individual receiver antenna array elements in a multi-sector antenna arrangement, generate beamformed data symbols based on the transformed downlink beamforming matrix, and deliver the beamformed data symbols associated with the current sector to a downlink transmit antenna included in the multi-sector antenna arrangement.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
Examples of the disclosure relate to power saving for audio streams during communication sessions. In examples an apparatus is configured to provide an audio stream to a participant device during a communication session with at least the participant device wherein the audio stream is provided in a first configuration and the first configuration provides one or more audio characteristics. The apparatus receives an indication from the participant device that the participant device is to enter or has entered a power save mode and determines a second configuration for the audio stream. The second configuration reduces power consumption of the participant device and maintains at least one of the one or more audio characteristics of the first configuration within a target range. The apparatus is also configured to switch the configuration used for the audio stream from the first configuration to the second configuration.
Methods, apparatus and computer-readable medium are disclosed for transmission in dual stack approach. In an embodiment, there is provided a method performed at a terminal device. The method comprises determining respective amounts of bits allocated for transmission via a first protocol stack and via a second protocol stack; performing logical channel prioritization, LCP, on the first protocol stack and on the second protocol stack based on the respective amount of bits, respectively, wherein the LCP on the first protocol stack and the LCP on the second protocol stack are performed independently and in parallel; and delivering a first set of bits resulting from the first protocol stack with a second set of bits resulting from the second protocol stack to a physical layer, for transmission to a base station.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) assignment. In an aspect, a terminal device transmits a preamble in a random access channel (RACH). The terminal device receives a random access response (RAR) including a temporary cell radio network temporary identifier (TC-RNTI) in a message 2 (Msg2). The terminal device transmits a message 3 (Msg3) and receives a message 4 (Msg4) based on the TC-RNTI. Based on determining that the Msg4 includes a C-RNTI associated with a contention resolution identity of the terminal device, the terminal device determines the C-RNTI as a C-RNTI of the terminal device. In this way, the solution avoids downlink signaling storm and better supports orthogonal cover code (OCC) in uplink to enhance the uplink capacity.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage media for conditional handover (CHO) for cell Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) /Discontinuous Reception (DRX) and cell off for Network Energy Saving (NES). In the methods, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, downlink control information. The downlink control information comprises a cell DTX) /DRX indication and a NES mode indication. Based on the cell DTX/DRX indication and the NES mode indication, the first apparatus performs at least one of the following: performing an NES CHO to a target cell, performing an evaluation based on a condition for the NES CHO, initiating a connection re-establishment procedure, or initiating early NES CHO.
An apparatus may be configured to estimate uplink channel based on reference signals from one or more user equipment; compute a precoding matrix based on the estimated uplink channel for the one or more user equipment; obtain, for the one or more user equipment, a set of pairs of complex vectors and values indicative of strength of effective channel between the first apparatus and the respective user equipment based on the computed precoding matrix; transmit, to a central processor, the obtained one or more sets of the values indicative of strength of effective channel for the one or more user equipment; receive, from the central processor, an indication of which values from the transmitted one or more sets of values are determined to be used for transmit beamforming for the one or more user equipment; and determine, based on the received indication, one or more associated complex vectors of the precoding matrix to be used for transmit beamforming for the one or more user equipment.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for enhance paging mechanism for ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication. In an example method, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a paging message indicating that a paging intention of the network device is to page at least one wireless device, wherein the terminal device is an intermediate node for communication between the network device and the at least one wireless device. The terminal device determines to defer or skip a random access channel (RACH) procedure for radio resource control (RRC) setup after receiving the paging message.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for a reader determination for a backscattering transmission. In one aspect, based on a geometric relation between a third device, an activator and at least one second device associated with the third device, a first device determines a second device as a reader for the third device. The first device then transmits a first indication for receiving a backscatter transmission of the third device to the determined second device, and the backscatter transmission is based on an activation signal of the activator. In this way, the original activation signal may be isolated from the backscattering signal through space division multiplexing. Therefore, interference between the activation signal and the backscattering transmission can be minimized, the SIR can be maximized as much as possible.
NOKIA SOLUTIONS AND NETWORKS INVESTMENT (CHINA) CO., LTD. (China)
Inventor
Hsu, Kang-Che
Ye, Ting
Zou, Guang Tai
Abstract
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and computer readable storage medium for emergency call test. In a method, a configuration of at least one testing call profile is obtained. Based on reception, from a first network entity, of a connection establishment request for an emergency testing call of a testing device, whether the emergency testing call requires a location replacement for the testing device is detected. In accordance with a detection that the emergency testing call requires a location replacement, a configuration of a routing node of the emergency call is transmitted to the first network entity based on the at least one testing call profile. Based on reception, from a second network entity, of a location request for the testing device, a testing location of the testing device is transmitted to the second network entity based on the at least one testing call profile.
A training framework. In an example method, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a training dataset and a distance threshold for training an encoder at the terminal device. The encoder is associated with a decoder at the network device, the distance threshold is used to assess a distance loss in the training of the encoder, and the distance loss is associated with a similarity performance related to the encoder and the decoder. Then, the terminal device trains the encoder based on the training dataset and the distance threshold. In this way, end-to-end (E2E) SGCS performance for CSI reconstruction can be ensured at the terminal device and the network device, and overhead waste of training dataset can be avoided or decreased.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to RACH transmission under non-uniform allocation under of RACH resources. A method comprises receiving, from a second apparatus, a configuration for random access resources associated with a plurality of synchronization signals; selecting a synchronization signal from one or more synchronization signals of the plurality of synchronization signals, wherein a synchronization signal associated with a greater amount of random access resources has a greater weight in the selection than a synchronization signal associated with a lesser amount of random access resources; and performing a random access channel transmission to the second apparatus using a random access resource associated with the selected synchronization signal.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to transmitting or receiving scheduling requests (SRs) for logical channels (LCHs). In an aspect, a terminal device receives at least one SR configuration for a LCH. An SR configuration among the at least one SR configuration is associated with at least one LCH event. Based on detecting, for the LCH, an LCH event among the at least one LCH event, the terminal device transmits the SR for the LCH based on the SR configuration associated with the LCH event detected. This way, scheduling can be required reliably for delay sensitive service.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to uplink control information (UCI) handling. In an aspect, a terminal device based on determining that UCI multiplexing occurs on physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) repetitions with orthogonal cover code (OCC), determines UCI handling based on at least one slot where the UCI multiplexing would occur without OCC. The terminal device transmits the PUSCH repetitions based on the determined UCI handling. In this way, OCC performance is improved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the synchronization of multi-modality service. In an aspect, a communication device determines an association between a plurality of data flows. Moreover, the communication device processes the plurality of data flows based on the association.
Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose devices, methods and apparatuses for reduction of uncertainty in satellite switching. In the embodiments, a terminal device starts a timer based on determining that a cell provided by a first satellite stops serving the terminal device. Then, the terminal device performs an operation based on the timer. In this way, the uncertainty in satellite switching is able to be reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to logical channel prioritization (LCP). In an example method, a terminal device receives logical channel (LCH) configuration information indicating a list of priorities per configured LCH. Here, a priority in the list of priorities is associated with a logical channel prioritization (LCP) configuration among multiple LCP configurations associated with the LCH configuration information. Then, the terminal device receives scheduling information for an uplink transmission. The scheduling information indicates an LCP configuration among the multiple LCP configurations. With the received configuration information and scheduling information, the terminal device transmits the uplink transmission based on the indicated LCP configuration. In this way, communication performance can be improved. For example, both dynamic LCP and LCH restriction for maximum data burst volume (MDBV) enforcement can be supported, and processing complexity can be greatly decreased.
Disclosed is a conditional pause and resume mechanism. In the mechanism, a radio resource control reconfiguration message comprising configuration information for controlling transmission of application layer data reports, the configuration information comprising a first condition and a second condition, the first condition defining when to start to monitor the second condition, and the second condition defining whether to pause or resume the transmission of the application layer data reports is used. When the first condition is met, monitoring whether the second condition is met is started. When the second condition defining to pause the transmission of the application layer data reports is met, the transmission of the application layer data reports is paused. When the second condition defining to resume the paused transmission of the application layer data reports is met, the transmission of the application layer data reports is resumed.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for determining TBS for SBFD. In an aspect, a terminal device may determine a transport block size (TBS) for a transport block to be conveyed by a scheduled physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based on at least one of: a scaling factor, a first number, or a time domain resource configuration, wherein the PDSCH is scheduled in a slot comprising at least one subband full duplex (SBFD) symbol. The terminal device may receive the scheduled PDSCH conveying the transport block with the determined TBS. Embodiments of the present disclosure can minimize unused RBs, maintain an expected or low actual code rate, and avoid performance degradation.
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
H04L 5/26 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path using time-division multiplexing combined with the use of different frequencies
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) identifier (ID) management. In an example method, a first network device receives, from a second network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an AIOT device for usage in a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device. The first network device allocates the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to SRS resource management for 3TX SRS transmission. A network device includes at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program codes; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the network device to: receive an information element from a terminal device indicating that the terminal device supports uplink (UL) 3TX transmission, determine a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) resource configuration for SRS transmission of the terminal device, and transmit the SRS resource configuration to the terminal device.
Various example embodiments relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable mediums supporting robust artificial intelligence/machine learning based network control with trust building. An apparatus may be adapted to receive an optimal network configuration suggestion from a cognitive function, to send an evaluation request for the optimal network configuration suggestion to a reliability check cognitive function, and to receive an evaluation response from the reliability check cognitive function containing a quality estimate and an acceptance criterion for the optimal network configuration suggestion.
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
H04L 41/0823 - Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability
H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to coverage enhancement. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a configuration for scheduling at least one repetition of a system information block carried on a physical downlink shared channel. Then, terminal device performs, based on the configuration, at least one repetition reception of the system information block carried on the physical downlink shared channel. As such, coverage enhancement can be improved.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a random access response (RAR) with an orthogonal cover code utilized. A first apparatus transmits a first message of a random access (RA) procedure, using a RA preamble of one or more RA preambles and an orthogonal cover code (OCC) of one or more OCCs. The first apparatus receives a second message of the RA procedure. The second message includes a first set of RARs where a RAR of the first set of RARs is mapped to both a RA preamble of the one or more RA preambles and an OCC of the one or more OCCs. The first apparatus receives information about mapping of the first set of RARs to the one or more RA preambles and the one or more OCCs.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a random access response (RAR) with an orthogonal cover code (OCC) utilized. A first apparatus transmits a first message of a random access (RA) procedure, using a random access preamble and a first OCC. Based on the first OCC, the first apparatus determines at least one parameter related to reception of a second message of the RA procedure. The first apparatus receives a second message of the RA procedure using the at least one parameter. The second message includes a first RAR corresponding to the RA preamble and the first OCC.
Various example embodiments of a processing unit fault detection capability are presented. The processing unit fault detection capability may be configured to support detection of faults in processor cores of a processing unit based on arrangement of the processor cores to form a data processing pipeline and monitoring of the processor cores of the data processing pipeline based on monitoring of the data processing pipeline (e.g., based on propagation of heartbeat messages via the data processing pipeline). The processing unit fault detection capability may be configured to support detection of faults in processor cores of various types of processing units, such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), network processing units (NPUs), or the like.
Various example embodiments relate to methods and apparatuses for enabling uplink control information (UCI) repetition transmission multiplexed on physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). An apparatus may be configured to transmit uplink control information (UCI) multiplexed on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) operated as an orthogonal cover code (OCC) manner, the uplink control information repeating across plural repetitions corresponding to the orthogonal cover code sequence.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for a random access MSG 3. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, downlink control information (DCI) for scheduling a random access response (RAR). The terminal device receives the RAR from the network device based on the DCI. At least one of the DCI or the RAR comprises first configuration information associated with an orthogonal cover code (OCC) for transmitting a message 3 (MSG 3). The terminal device transmits, based on the first configuration information, the MSG 3 to the network device. Therefore, a solution on how the network device can signal the OCC code for the transmission of message (MSG) 3 is proposed for uplink capacity enhancement, thereby improving communication performance.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to calibration measurement and reporting. In an aspect, a terminal device receives from a network device a configuration and an activation of DL/UL calibration measurement for one or more TRPs in CJT. The terminal device determines one or more SRS ports for the calibration measurement. The terminal device performs the calibration measurement for the one or more TRPs based on the one or more SRS ports. The terminal device transmits to the network device information of the calibration measurement of the one or more TRPs. In this way, the UE assisted cross-TRP phase calibration for uplink UL and downlink DL channels is provided by utilizing the plurality of UE antennas mapped to respective SRS ports, thereby improving communication performance related to CJT.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a configuration of downlink signal resource on subband full duplex (SBFD). In an aspect, a terminal device receives a first configuration on time and frequency location of an SBFD subband. The terminal device receives a second configuration on a downlink signal resource, where the second configuration comprises an indication of an SBFD operation. The terminal device overrides, based on determining that an SBFD symbol is configured for transmitting a downlink signal and the SBFD operation is disabled, override the first configuration with the second configuration on the SBFD symbol where the downlink signal is transmitted. By this process, the downlink signal is transmitted in an SBFD or non-SBFD manner by disabling SBFD operation for the downlink signal resource.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to enhanced transmission of system information block (SIB). In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, an information for assisting decoding of one system information block (SIB), wherein the one SIB comprises a first SIB and at least one additional SIB of a same SIB type. The terminal device receives, from the network device, the one SIB. Then, the terminal device decodes the one SIB based on the information. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, during transmission of one SIB, the terminal device would receive a first SIB and at least one additional SIB of a same SIB type as the first SIB, which could enhance transmission and decoding of the one SIB, thereby improving robustness and reliability of SIB transmission and realizing downlink coverage enhancement. In addition, various specific solutions for configuring or indicating information related to the at least one additional SIB are also provided.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a super resolution (SR) neural network based performance enhancement for AI/ML-enabled channel state information (CSI) compression. In an example method, a network device train an AI/ML-based CSI decoder and a super resolution neural network (SRNN) model on a training dataset comprising high resolution (HR) channel data, wherein the AI/ML-based CSI decoder is configured to output decoded low resolution (LR) channel data to the SRNN model, and wherein the SRNN model is configured to output HR channel data based on the decoded LR channel data. In this way, the frequency resolution of the reconstructed CSI at the decoder side (residing in gNB) can be improved independently from the counterpart CSI encoding operation or the AI/ML model in use at the UE side.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for determining a frequency structure for SBFD in a communication system. In an aspect, a terminal device may receive a first configuration for at least one of a cell bandwidth or a bandwidth part. The terminal device may receive a second configuration for a resource allocation. The terminal device may determine a frequency structure for subband full duplex (SBFD) based on the first configuration and the second configuration. Embodiments of the present disclosure can reduce the amount of bits to be transmitted and reduce transmission power as well.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relates to terminal device assistant downlink transmission of a random access procedure. In an aspect, a terminal device determines an information based on at least one downlink channel condition. The terminal device transmits, to a network device, the information in a random access procedure. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device could report the information derived based on the downlink channel condition to the network device, and the network device can schedule the downlink transmission of a random access procedure using the information in a dynamic and flexible manner, thereby achieving high efficient downlink transmission of the random access procedure, improving the efficiency and capacity of the system, and realizing downlink coverage enhancement.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to device access control (DAC). In an aspect, a first device receives assistance information for device access control (DAC) related to a set of terminal devices from a second device. Then, the first device determines at least one requirement of the DAC based on the assistance information and transmit statistic information on the DAC to the second device. Accordingly, the second receives statistic information on the DAC from the first device for further optimization, thereby improving the performance of DAC.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to sub-band full duplex (SBFD) configurations. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a first configuration specific to the terminal device. The terminal device determines a first frequency structure for SBFD at least based on the first configuration. At least one guardband in the first frequency structure for SBFD is larger than at least one cell-specific guardband, respectively. In this way, the communication performance may be improved.
Methods, apparatus and computer-readable medium are disclosed for synchronization signal block (SSB) adaptation for cell activation. In an embodiment, there is provided a method performed by a terminal device configured with at least a first SSB periodicity. The method comprises receiving, from a network node operable to provide a first cell as a special cell (Spcell) and at least one second cell as a SCell or a PSCell, a first message for activating a second cell. The method further comprises based on receiving the first message, starting to monitor a SSB transmission with the shorter oneSSB periodicity of the first SSB periodicity and a second SSB periodicity in the second cell.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to system information monitoring. A method comprises receiving, from a second apparatus, a first configuration of a system information window, wherein the system information window comprises a plurality of monitoring occasions for a system information block; receiving, from the second apparatus, an indication for scheduling an uplink transmission that is within the system information window; determining whether to prioritize a reception of the system information block or the uplink transmission based on at least one of: a position of a monitoring occasion for the system information block in the system information window, a number of monitoring occasions where the system information block was scheduled, or whether the system information block is received previously; and monitoring the system information block or perform the uplink transmission based on the determining.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to on-demand system information block 1 (OD-SIB1) transmission and reception. A method comprises receiving, at a first apparatus from a second apparatus, a WUS configuration indicating a configuration of at least one pre-configured downlink resource set to be used for carrying at least one OD-SIB transmission; and receiving the at least one OD-SIB transmission from a third apparatus without downlink control information and based on the WUS configuration.
Network optimization based on distributed multi-agent machine learning with minimal inter-agent dependency is disclosed. At least some of the embodiments may allow a distributed multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm for a mobility robustness optimization (MRO) problem, where each agent may comprise a varying number of physical or logical network boundaries. At least some of the embodiments may allow minimizing inter-agent dependencies by decomposing a network mobility graph. At least some of the embodiments may allow a transfer learning framework for self-organizing network (SON) model profiling, storage, retrieval, retraining, and management such that one can efficiently retrieve a SON model that was pre-trained in a similar (sub) network environment.
H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
H04W 84/18 - Self-organising networks, e.g. ad hoc networks or sensor networks
42.
POWER LIMITED EVENT DURATION PREDICTION AND ENERGY USAGE MODIFICATION
Various example embodiments of this disclosure generally relate to the field of communication, and in particular (but not exclusively), apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage media related to power limited event duration prediction and energy usage modification. For instance, a first apparatus may transmit, to a second apparatus, a request for an energy usage modification (e. g., energy service optimization, such as an energy saving service), based on a power limited event (e. g., power cut or power outage) of a network device. The first apparatus may receive, from the second apparatus, a report of the energy usage modification. The report may indicate at least one of the following: (i) a predicted duration of the power limited event for the network device and an importance level of the power limited event, or (ii) at least one action of the network device to prolong a service duration of at least one backup battery.
Disclosed are devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for logical channel prioritization procedure. An example apparatus for a terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus at least to: receive a configuration message comprising a first threshold for logical channel prioritization, LCP, procedure; determine a processing sequence of logical channels, LCHs, in the LCP procedure by using the first threshold with remaining values of service data unit, SDU, discard timers for each of the LCHs; and allocate transmission resources to the LCHs in the order of the determined processing sequence.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) duplication. In an aspect, a terminal device determines a change of a priority level of a logical channel (LCH) of a radio bearer (RB). If the priority level increases, the terminal device activates PDCP duplication for the RB. If the priority level decreases, the terminal device deactivates PDCP duplication for the RB.
H04W 72/566 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
45.
ACCESS CONTROL ON INTERNET PROTOCOL MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM DATA CHANNEL SERVICE EXPOSURE
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to access control on internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) data channel (DC) service exposure. A method comprises: receiving a request of a service associated with a DC communication in an IMS; determining whether the request of the service associated with the DC communication is allowed at least based on an authorization decision received from at least one network function or one or more DC authorization policies retrieved from the at least one network function; and causing, based on the determination, the service associated with the DC communication to be exposed to a DC application server.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for logical channel (LCH) priority determination. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a first configuration of at least one LCH, the first configuration including a first priority value corresponding to each of the at least one LCH. The first apparatus receives, from the second apparatus, a second configuration for enabling a determination a second priority value for a logical channel prioritization (LCP). The first apparatus determines the second priority value of a LCH among the at least one LCH. The first apparatus performs the LCP based on the determined second priority value of the LCH.
H04W 28/02 - Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
H04W 72/566 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
H04W 72/02 - Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
H04W 72/23 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
According to an example aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method, comprising determining, by an apparatus, a base score of a network entity, wherein the base score indicates importance of the network entity in a network, determining, by the apparatus, a dynamic score of the network entity, wherein the dynamic score indicates at least security incidents that have happened to the network entity, determining, by the apparatus, a threat score of the network entity based at least on the base score and the dynamic score and determining, by the apparatus, based on the threat score, whether to perform an action associated with the network entity.
Example embodiments describe a computer-implemented method for optimizing an augmentation of a prompt provided to a generative AI model; wherein the prompt is an input sequence of input segments respectively comprising one or more input tokens; and wherein the generative AI model is configured to generate, from the prompt, an output sequence of output segments respectively comprising one or more output tokens; the computer-implemented method comprising: obtaining at least one target output sequence for the prompt provided to the generative AI model; obtaining one or more augmented prompts by adjusting one or more input segments with respect to at least one reference prompt; determining prompt importance scores for the respective output segments of the at least one target output sequence; and optimizing the augmentation of the prompt based on the prompt importance scores of the respective output segments.
A method includes receiving, by a user device from a network node, a reliability criteria; providing, by the user device, one or more measurements or context information as inputs to a machine learning model; receiving, by the user device from the machine learning model, a predicted action based on the inputs; determining, by the user device, whether the reliability criteria is met for the predicted action; performing, by the user device, the predicted action if the predicted action meets the reliability criteria; and if the predicted action does not meet the reliability criteria: obtaining a simulated reward for the predicted action; and training or updating the machine learning model based on the simulated reward for the predicted action.
Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are disclosed. A cell defining Synchronization Signal Block is transmitted (400) on a first frequency location inside a given frequency bandwidth and a second Synchronization Signal Block (402) on a second frequency location inside a second bandwidth inside the given frequency bandwidth. A main cell is provided (404) on the given frequency bandwidth by utilising the cell defining Synchronization Signal Block; at least one second cell is provided (406) on the second bandwidth within the given frequency bandwidth by utilising the second Synchronization Signal Block, the main and the at least one second cell serving the same geographical area.
A computing system configured for implementing at least one node of a blockchain network based on a permissioned blockchain. The computer system may: receives a join request from an entity requesting to join the blockchain network by connecting a new node to the blockchain network; triggers an evaluation process of the join request, wherein the evaluation process includes an automated evaluation performed using at least one smart contract registered in the permissioned blockchain and configured to verify compliance of the join request with membership rules; provides a response to the join request based on results of the evaluation process.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
Described herein is a first network element, a second network element, a system, and a method for link adaptive synchronization in a network including a first and second network element, and a computer readable medium storing instructions. Compared to conventional synchronization, the present disclosure provides a method to enable the use of PTP time synchronization for TDD based connections, such as the 5G air interface, by limiting the jitter per link (uplink/downlink) to a minimum.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and storage medium of resource allocation for subnetworks. In a method, a second apparatus receives, from a plurality of first apparatuses, respective priority metrics of a plurality of subnetworks. The second apparatus determines respective resource allocation types for the plurality of subnetworks, based on the respective priority metrics of the plurality of subnetworks. The second apparatus transmits, to the plurality of first apparatuses, a plurality of first configurations of resource allocation for the plurality of subnetworks.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a solution for providing neighbor relationship. A method comprises establishing a first connection between a first entity of the first apparatus and a second apparatus, the first apparatus comprising the first entity and a second entity; transmitting, to the second apparatus, a request for establishing or updating an Xn interface between the second entity of the first apparatus and the second apparatus; receiving a response to the request from the second apparatus, the response comprising first information about at least one neighbor apparatus of the second apparatus; and initiating, based on the first information, an Xn setup procedure with a neighbor apparatus of the at least one neighbor apparatus.
An apparatus comprising: means for obtaining, from a network entity of a first network, mapping information between at least one network slice for the apparatus and one or more network slices of at least one user equipment; means for connecting with a first user equipment of the at least one user equipment; means for determining that a first network slice is configured for a first data session for the first user equipment; means for, in response to the determination that the first network slice is configured for the first data session for the first user equipment, sending a request to the first network to configure a second data session using a second network slice, wherein the second network slice is mapped to the first network slice based on the mapping information; means for receiving first data of the first data session over the second data session; and means for sending the first data to the first user equipment over the first data session.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to buffer status report (BSR) or Delay Status Report (DSR) triggering. A method comprises: determining that at least one priority level of one or more logical channels, LCHs is changed; and triggering, at least based on the determination, a transmission of a BSR or a DSR to a second apparatus.
An optical transmitter capable of colorless WDM includes a source of optical frequency comb (OFC) light having a plurality of separate optical frequency tones, and a plurality of optical modulators connected in parallel to modulate different parts of the OFC light with corresponding modulating signals, each of the parts including the plurality of separate optical frequency tones. An optical combiner combines the different parts of the OFC light to obtain an output optical signal of the optical transmitter. MIMO processing may be used to recover the modulating signals at an optical receiver using, or to configure the modulating signals at the transmitter so that each of the frequency tones is modulated with a corresponding target data signal.
G02B 6/036 - Optical fibres with cladding core or cladding comprising multiple layers
H04B 10/2525 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using dispersion-compensating fibres
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for an activation of uplink operation on secondary cell (SCell). The method comprises: receiving, at a first apparatus from a second apparatus, a SCell configuration or a SCell activation indication for a SCell that is allowed to be used for an uplink transmission of the first apparatus but not for a downlink reception of the first apparatus; and performing the uplink transmission on the SCell that is activated for the uplink transmission of the first apparatus but not for the downlink reception of the first apparatus.
Disclosed is a method comprising, by a transmitter apparatus, partitioning (901) an input data stream to obtain a bit stream X1 and a bit stream X2; subjecting (902) the bit stream X2 to encoding by LDPC encoders, to obtain X2 parity bits, and X2 information bits; applying (903) SPC encoding to the X2 parity bits, together with the bit stream X1, to obtain sign bits, wherein the bit stream X1 is used as padding bits; subjecting (904) the sign bits, the padding bits, and the X2 information bits, to an interleaver operation to obtain an interleaver output; subjecting (905) the interleaver output to Gray mapping to form multiple consecutive quadratic amplitude modulation, QAM, symbols; modulating (905) the QAM symbols by quadratic amplitude modulation to obtain a modulated data stream; and transmitting (906) the modulated data stream via a radio access network or optical fibre communication network.
H03M 13/11 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
H03M 13/27 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
60.
FIBER DIAGNOSTICS ON A COHERENT OPTICAL SUPERVISORY CHANNEL
A system and method are disclosed, in which data in an optical supervisory channel is transmitted from a first node of an optical fiber network to a second node of the optical fiber network and received in a coherent optical receiver at the second node of the optical fiber network. From a receiver output signal responsive to the received data, there is extracted at least one measure of phase variation and/or of signal attenuation on the optical fiber network between the first and second nodes.
H04B 10/071 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
Disclosed is a method comprising determining at least one of: one or more prohibited sensing spaces in which radio sensing is not allowed, one or more non-enhanced sensing spaces in which the radio sensing is allowed, or one or more enhanced sensing spaces in which to perform enhanced radio sensing compared to the radio sensing in the one or more non-enhanced sensing spaces; obtaining sensing configuration information associated with at least one of: the one or more prohibited sensing spaces, or the one or more enhanced sensing spaces; and controlling, based on the sensing configuration information, at least one of: the radio sensing in the one or more prohibited sensing spaces, or the enhanced radio sensing in the one or more enhanced sensing spaces.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage media for management of synchronization signal transmission. In the methods, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus and on a first cell, configuration information for a reference signal. The reference signal is used for evaluating a predefined condition, the configuration information is comprised in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, and the RRC message comprises a secondary cell configuration message. The first apparatus receives the reference signal on a second cell different from the first cell and determines an evaluation result of the reference signal based on the configuration information. Thereby, the proposed method can advantageously enable a more energy-efficient cell activation process.
A system (200, 300, 400, 500) and method are provided for an implementation of a phase-coded transmitter front-end architecture for a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) radar system. This architecture achieves broadband operation, supports major power savings, delivers high wireless power, and operates in the near-THz range. Power combining implementations are also provided.
Various example embodiments of a fixed wireless access (FWA) mobility capability are presented herein. The FWA mobility capability may be based on configuration of a customer premises equipment (CPE) device of an FWA service to support enforcement of mobility of the CPE device with respect to the FWA service. The CPE device may be configured to support enforcement of FWA mobility for the CPE device with respect to the FWA service by controlling operation of the CPE device based on a location of CPE device with respect to an approved operating region of the CPE device for the FWA service (e.g., checking the location of the CPE device with respect to the approved operating region in response to an event and, based on a determination that the CPE device is located outside of the approved operating region, activating a captive portal on the CPE device).
Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system may be configured to support dual-polarization alignment for dual-polarization communications within an optical communication network. Various example embodiments for supporting dual-polarization alignment, within an optical communication network supporting optical communications from a transmitter to a receiver based on dual polarizations including a first polarization and a second polarization, may be configured to support dual-polarization alignment to the dual polarizations at the receiver based on communication of a data segment such that a first portion of the data segment is communicated based on the first polarization and a second portion of the data segment is communicated based on the first polarization and the second polarization.
An apparatus may be configured to receive a signal to be transmitted via an array of antennas by a zero-forcing precoder, wherein the signal is processed by the linear precoder based on one or more input power criteria for power amplifiers of the array of antennas; apply a distortion reducing matrix to the processed signal, wherein the distortion reducing matrix is trained to reduce the distortion at each output of the power amplifiers based on minimizing an error signal corresponding to a difference between measured and calculated outputs of the power amplifiers after a coupling effect between the power amplifiers based on the applied matrices; and provide an output of the distortion reducing matrix to be used in digital pre-distortion processing of an input signal for the power amplifiers.
An interworking function in a core network system, such as a 5G core network, attempts to establish a secure association with user equipment (UE) in an untrusted access network. When the secure association is not accepted by the 5G core network, the UE receives from the core network a response including a message type indicating that Non-3GPP access to the 5G core network is not allowed. Upon receiving the response message, the UE ends the session by sending a 5G-Stop message formatted in an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) response. The EAP-Response/5G-Stop message includes a message-id field with a 5G Stop value.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses, and a computer readable storage medium for a mechanism for changing privacy parameter(s). In the solution, a device determines that one or multiple privacy parameters of the device or a second device are to be changed, then the device can transmit an indication for changing the one or multiple privacy parameters. As such, the one or multiple privacy parameters can be changed and the privacy for communication can be guaranteed. In addition, the device and the second device which are communicating with each other can be aware of the change of one or multiple privacy parameters, avoiding a misunderstanding and improving communication efficiency.
G06F 21/71 - Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information
H04W 12/02 - Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]
H04W 12/03 - Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus configured to store a set of parameters of a machine learning classifier configured to predict networked alarms, the set of parameters comprising at least one maximum time interval, process a first alarm signal sequence originating in a networked environment, consecutive alarms comprised in the first alarm signal sequence occurring at most a time interval comprised in the at least one maximum time interval from each other, and predict, using the set of parameters of the machine learning classifier and the machine learning classifier, based on the first alarm signal sequence, at least one second alarm signal to occur during a first time interval.
H04L 41/0681 - Configuration of triggering conditions
H04L 41/147 - Network analysis or design for predicting network behaviour
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
70.
GENERATING MODEL PARAMETERS AND NORMALIZATION STATISTICS BY UTILIZING GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Disclosed is a method comprising receiving a data stream divided into segments with variable data patterns; detecting a change point in the data stream, the change point corresponding to a shift in the data patterns; generating, based on the detection, by utilizing a generative artificial intelligence model, model parameters and normalization statistics for a machine learning model based on one or more previously learned segments of the data stream, the machine learning model being configured at least to learn from the data stream; updating the machine learning model based on the model parameters and the normalization statistics generated with the generative artificial intelligence model; and performing one or more predictions with the updated machine learning model.
H04L 41/147 - Network analysis or design for predicting network behaviour
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
Various example embodiments for supporting optical monitoring and sensing for an optical network are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting optical monitoring and sensing for an optical network may be configured to support various optical network monitoring and/or sensing techniques based on use of an optical communication device including a divider configured to split an optical signal into a first optical signal portion and a second optical signal portion, a polarization independent photodetector configured to monitor a power level of the optical signal based on the first optical signal portion, and a polarization sensitive photodetector configured to monitor a polarization of the optical signal based on the second optical signal portion. Various example embodiments for supporting optical monitoring and sensing may be configured to support optical monitoring and sensing in various optical networks, such as optical access networks (e.g., passive optical networks), optical backhaul networks, or the like.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a frequency shift associated with a backscattering transmission. In one aspect, a first apparatus receives an indication of performing a frequency shift associated with a backscattering transmission of the first apparatus. Based on the indication, the first apparatus performs the frequency shift of an activation signal to a target subband. Based on the frequency shifted activation signal on the target subband, the first apparatus performs a backscattering transmission. In this way, the original activation signal may be isolated from the backscattering signal through frequency division multiplexing. Therefore, interference between the activation signal and the backscattering transmission can be minimized.
Example embodiments provide a method for compensating transmitter distortions. The compensation can be performed with tapered antenna elements. The method comprises determining a first subset of antennas of an antenna array, wherein the first subset of antennas operate without a power headroom in relation to one or more thresholds; determining a second subset of antennas of the antenna array, wherein the second subset of antennas comprise one or more antennas that operate with a power headroom in relation to the one or more thresholds; calculating compensation signals for distortions of wanted signals to be transmitted with the first subset of antennas to one or more user devices; combining the compensation signals with wanted signals to be transmitted with the second subset of antennas to the one or more user devices; and transmitting, with the second subset of antennas, the compensation signals combined with the wanted signals. An apparatus, a method, and a computer program are disclosed.
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
74.
ORCHESTRATING DEPLOYMENT OF A SERVICE IN CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURES
A service description is provided to an orchestration function for a service to be deployed over at least one infrastructure of a plurality of infrastructures having respective access points. At least one of the plurality of software components to be deployed is tagged in the service description as being a replicable component adapted to be replicated in two or more of the plurality of infrastructures. The deployment is orchestrated by determining whether to replicate a replicable component and in which infrastructures based on a performance estimation function evaluated for a set of end devices of interest and candidate instances of the plurality of software components. The performance estimation function varies in dependence of (i) candidate infrastructures for deploying the candidate instances and (ii) one or more infrastructures to which the end devices of interest are respectively connected via an access point.
H04L 41/0816 - Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
75.
DELIVERY MODE OF TRAFFIC FOR TERMINAL DEVICES IN DIFFERENT RRC STATES
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to delivery mode of traffic for terminal devices in different RRC states. A first device determines, based on at least one criterion, to transmit multicast and/or broadcast traffic to a plurality of second devices in a first mode of delivery; and transmit the multicast and/or broadcast traffic to the plurality of second devices in the first mode of delivery by at least: transmitting, to a first subset of second devices among the plurality of second devices, a first downlink control information for the multicast and/or broadcast traffic using a first physical downlink control channel; transmitting, to a second subset of second devices among the plurality of second devices, a second downlink control information for the multicast and/or broadcast traffic using a second physical downlink control channel; and transmitting, to the plurality of second devices, the multicast and/or broadcast traffic using a physical downlink shared channel. In this way, it is possible to transmit the multicast and/or broadcast traffic from a first device to a plurality of second devices in a more radio efficient manner.
H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]Services to user groupsOne-way selective calling services
H04W 72/30 - Resource management for broadcast services
H04W 76/27 - Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states
76.
PROBABALISTIC COSTELLATION SHAPING FOR PASSIVE OPTICAL LINKS
A method for configuring an optical transmitter for transmitting optical signals over a passive optical link. The method includes using a digital processor to generate a target constellation probability distribution (CPD) for a probabilistic constellation encoder (PCE) of the optical transmitter. The target CPD is generated using a system performance optimization algorithm accounting for the transmitter peak power constraint and a peak enhancement property of a drive circuit of the optical transmitter.
In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium for implementing trustless authentication of enterprise devices on a private network using Web3 credentials, a network device may be caused to, provide a public key associated with the network device to an enterprise server, the enterprise server and the network device associated with an enterprise, obtain a decentralized identifier associated with the network device from the enterprise server in response to the provided public key, provide the decentralized identifier to an access server associated with a private network, the decentralized identifier enabling the access server to perform trustless authentication of the network device, and connect to the private network based on results of the trustless authentication.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
78.
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR DUAL POLARIZATION QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION TRANSMISSION AND COHERENT RECEPTION
Dual-polarization, quadrature amplitude modulation transmitters and coherent receivers are described that provide increased margins and receiver sensitivities through the use of low-order modulation schemes.
An off-path or in-path connection-ordering update (COU) function enables the relative priorities of network and compute metrics to be fine-tuned when generating global utility values used to generate a re-ordered list from an initial list of IP addresses corresponding to a domain name identified by an application client. The initial list may contain IP addresses of edge servers corresponding to the domain name. The re-ordered list may contain either (i) the (re-ordered) edge-server IP addresses or (ii) IP address pairs identifying the (re-ordered) edge-server IP addresses and IP addresses of corresponding egress edge routers of an intervening routing network also having an ingress edge router connected to the application client.
The present subject matter relates to a method comprising: receiving a radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal comprising components, wherein each component is associated with a time unit and a frequency unit; selecting components of the radio frequency signal, the selected components comprising reference data; computing, for the selected components, equalization coefficients, referred to as initial equalization coefficients; deriving the equalization coefficients for non-reference data components of the radio frequency signal by interpolating, along at least one of time domain or frequency domain, the initial equalization coefficients.
Improvements to a demodulation process or to a demapping process are described. The improvements include that a signal comprising at least one modulated symbol from a labelled symbol constellation is obtained, and reliability information for at least one piece in the labelled symbol constellation is determined, by performing at least one convolution between a kernel and states or a subset of states associated with the labelled symbol constellation, wherein a piece is a symbol label, or a part of a symbol label or a subset comprising parts.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and computer readable storage medium for service selection and access node selection. In a method, a first apparatus receives a network request for a terminal device served by a first access node in a radio access network (RAN). The first apparatus obtains RAN measurement information related to candidate access nodes, network information related to network resources between candidate user plane functions (UPFs) and candidate service instances, and computing information related to the candidate service instances. The first apparatus determines, for the terminal device, at least one combination each consisting of an access node, a UPF, a service instance, and a delivery path between the UPF and the service instance. The first apparatus transmits, to the first access node, indication information indicating at least one access node in the at least one combination.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for resource allocation. In a method, an apparatus determines, for each cell segment of a plurality of cell segments in a cell, available equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) allowance of the cell segment in a time period of a plurality of time periods. The apparatus reduces at least one of power or resources for a plurality of terminal devices to be scheduled in a set of candidate cell segments from the plurality of cell segments in the time period, to enable expected EIRP consumption of each candidate cell segment in the set of candidate cell segments to be less than or equal to the available EIRP allowance of the candidate cell segment.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching,
transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the
distribution or use of electricity; apparatus and
instruments for recording, transmitting, reproducing or
processing data; computer software; software and application
programming interface (API) in the field of energy
production, distribution, management, storage, monitoring,
planning and consumption; software for creating simulations
and digital copies of energy grids and energy resources;
software for the orchestration of energy grids and energy
resources; downloadable electronic reports; energy
management software; electric control devices for energy
management; apparatus for monitoring electrical energy
consumption. Software-as-a-service (SaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service
(PaaS) in the field of energy production, distribution,
management, storage, monitoring, planning and consumption;
design, development, installation, maintenance and updating
of computer software in the field of energy production,
distribution, management, storage, monitoring, planning and
consumption; providing temporary use of non-downloadable
software for analyzing energy management data and generating
reports; design and development of computer hardware and
software; energy auditing; energy performance testing of
buildings; consultancy and advisory services relating to
energy efficiency and energy-saving; computer programming
for the energy industry; research in the field of energy;
design, development and programming of energy management
software; development of energy and power management
systems; design and development of energy distribution
networks; engineering services in the field of energy
technology; design and development of software for control,
regulation and monitoring of energy systems; providing
temporary use of non-downloadable software for importing and
managing data; scientific and technological analysis,
research, development, support, technical troubleshooting
and consultancy services in the field of computer software
and energy technologies; providing on-line
[non-downloadable] software and mobile applications;
providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable software
for use as an application programming interface (API);
providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable software
development tools; rental of computer software;
installation, repair and maintenance of computer software;
performance monitoring services of electronic devices
connected to a network of computers or of telecommunication
equipment (smart data as a service); electronic data storage
and provision of energy-related technological information,
network data and geolocalisation data (optimization as a
service); predictive analytics services relating to computer
software; information, advisory, technical support and
consultancy services relating to all the aforesaid services.
85.
PHASE ESTIMATION FOR CLOCK-AND-DATA RECOVERY INITIALISATION IN AN OPTICAL RECEIVER OF A PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
An optical receiver for a passive optical network, comprising a phase estimation circuitry and a clock-and-data recovery, CDR, circuitry, wherein the CDR circuitry is configured to be initialised with an estimate of an initial phase error between a received optical signal and a reference clock, and wherein the phase estimation circuitry is configured to estimate the initial phase error by: sampling a portion of an optical signal during consecutive unit intervals; wherein the sampling is performed in at least one of a plurality of possible sampling positions; wherein the sampling is performed such that a plurality of samples is obtained for each of the possible sampling positions; determining a temporal property in the respective sampling position at least from the plurality of samples corresponding to the possible sampling position; fitting a curve characterising the temporal property within a unit interval; and estimating the initial phase error from the fitted curve.
Method comprising
receiving, for each of plural microservices, a respective requirement of a quality of service, wherein the plural microservices jointly build an application;
receiving a first label, wherein the first label indicates a policy status of a communication system conveying data packets from the microservices for the application;
receiving an indication of a first quality of experience of the application;
determining, for a first one of the microservices, an importance level based on the requirement of the quality of service of the first one of the microservices, the first label, and the first quality of experience,
marking a data packet originated from or designated to the first one of the microservices and to be conveyed by the communication system by the importance level determined for the first one of the microservices;
providing the data packet marked by the importance level to the communication system for conveying the data packet.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution of time offset compensation. In this solution, the first apparatus determines, precoding matrix indicator (PMI) information based on measurements on a plurality of channel status information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resources and at least one first time offset, each of the at least one first time offset corresponding to one of plurality of CSR-RS resources; and transmits, to a second apparatus, a PMI report comprising the PMI information.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and a computer readable medium for timing offset measurement and reporting. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration of a time offset report indicating the first apparatus to measure and report respective one or more time offsets of at least one transmission reception point (TRP) relative to a reference TRP; determines, based on the configuration, the respective one or more time offsets based on measurements on respective reference signal transmitted by the at least one TRP and a further reference signal transmitted by the reference TRP; and transmits, to the second apparatus, the time offset report indicating a set of time offset indices associated with at least one time interval within which respective one or more time offsets fall.
Disclosed are devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for conditional handover. An example apparatus for a terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus at least to: receive downlink control information, DCI, indicating a network energy saving, NES, mode after detecting a condition of a NES conditional handover, CHO, is met; and check whether the condition is met when receiving the DCI.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to initial transmissions and retransmissions. In an aspect, a terminal device receives scheduling information for scheduling a retransmission of an initial transmission, and the scheduling information included at least one parameter for conveying transport block information of the initial transmission. The terminal device receives or transmits the retransmission based on the scheduling information. The at least one parameter comprises a first parameter indicating the number of resource blocks used for the initial transmission, and/or a second parameter related to code division multiplexing (CDM) group information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) configuration used for the initial transmission. In this way, the robustness of the retransmissions is improved and the communication performance can thus be enhanced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for resource allocation. In the solution, an apparatus determines a respective first number of resources required by each terminal device of a set of terminal devices and then assigns a respective second number of resources for each terminal device, based on the respective first number of resources. The apparatus determines at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) rank for each terminal device, based on the respective second number of resources such that the assigned second number of resources, together with a current MCS and a current MIMO rank satisfy throughput, or delay, or retransmission requirements of each terminal device. The apparatus determines transmission power associated with each terminal device, based on the at least one of the determined MCS or the determined MIMO rank of the terminal device.
The access network (AN) resource manager for a software-defined network (SDN) generates and thresholds congestion scores for the SDN's network gateway (NGs) using a weighted sum of network metrics to identify congested NGs and re-allocate network resources to address the detected congestion. Different weight values for the weighted sums and/or different threshold values for the congestion scores may be used for different AN use cases. Congestion scores may be generated and thresholded at the gateway level or at the gateway-port level. Existing network resources are allocated and possibly de-allocated to automatically and efficiently address congestion issues without having to provision new network resources.
H04L 47/122 - Avoiding congestionRecovering from congestion by diverting traffic away from congested entities
H04L 47/762 - Admission controlResource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions triggered by the network
93.
MULTI-THREADED SIMULATOR FOR PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKING IN SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKS
Performance of a node-under-test in a software-defined network (SDN) is benchmarked by implementing a simulator instance in another SDN node that transmits series of messages over multiple, parallel threads to the node-under-test. When the node-under-test is an SDN network management block (NMB), the other SDN node may be an SDN controller (SDNC), where each thread simulates a real-world connection between the NMB and a different real-world SDNC. When the node-under-test is an SDNC, the other SDN node may be an SDN network service gateway (NSG), where each thread simulates a real-world connection between the SDNC and a different real-world NSG. When the node-under-test is an NSG, the other SDN node may be user equipment, where each thread simulates a real-world connection between the NSG and different real-world user equipment. The disclosure enables lightweight, explicit performance benchmarking of SDN nodes without having to implement an entire SDN in the testing environment.
H04L 43/55 - Testing of service level quality, e.g. simulating service usage
H04L 41/5009 - Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]
To enable two or more cells to dynamically share part of transmission bandwidth, the two or more cells are configured with a transmission bandwidth configuration per a cell, a transmission bandwidth configuration of a cell comprising a first bandwidth part dedicated for the cell in the transmission bandwidth and at least one second bandwidth part comprising transmission resources from a shared bandwidth section in the transmission bandwidth, wherein at least one second bandwidth part of the cell overlaps with at least one second bandwidth part of another cell. Non-overlapping bandwidth parts are assigned to the two or more cells according to transmission bandwidth configurations of the two or more cells; and at least an indication of the bandwidth part(s) assigned to a cell is transmitted to the corresponding cell, to be used for communication in the cell.
A radio access network (RAN) node may include a real-time (RT) application platform configured to execute at least one RT user application, the at least one RT user application being a non-native RAN node application, and a RT agent application configured to, monitor events generated by at least one native RAN node function, and transmit a mailbox message to the at least one RT user application in response to the generated event.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for adaptive adjustment of a small gap configuration. In an example method, a terminal device determines, from a plurality of small gap configurations, a small gap configuration corresponding to a measurement object (MO), and transmits, to a network device, a request for activation of the small gap configuration. The network device receive the request for activation of a small gap configuration corresponding to the MO, and evaluates feasibility of activation of the requested small gap configuration. In this way, UE may indicate an optimal small gap configuration to the network for measuring with small gaps for UE power saving and improving measurement throughput.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and computer readable storage medium for congestion detection of a network slice. In a method, congestion of a first network slice is detected based on at least one parameter. The at least one parameter may include at least one of an amount of data utilized in the first network slice, or a delay in the first network slice. In response to detecting that the first network slice is congested, the apparatus initiates replacement of one or more terminal devices from the first network slice to a second network slice.
An aspect concerns a method comprising, at a first communication network device: receiving a request from a second network device, wherein the request is for a given service to be provided by a network function of the first network device; responsive to the request, providing said given service; determining an overload state change of resources required, by the first device, for said given service provided by said network function, wherein an overload state change type is one of a change from an overloaded state to non-overloaded state or a change from a non-overloaded state to an overloaded state; sending a message to the first device, wherein the message comprises information explicitly identifying at least said given service provided by said network function and the type of overload state change. Other aspects concern a method at a second device and first and second devices.
H04W 28/02 - Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
H04W 28/084 - Load balancing or load distribution among network function virtualisation [NFV] entitiesLoad balancing or load distribution among edge computing entities, e.g. multi-access edge computing
99.
PROGRAMMABLE NETWORK SLICING FRAMEWORK FOR CELLULAR SYSTEMS
Various example embodiments of the programmable network slicing framework may be configured to support programmable network slicing in a radio access network (RAN) portion of a cellular communication system based on a programmable RAN slicing framework. Various example embodiments of the programmable RAN slicing framework may be configured to support programmable network slicing in a RAN based on use of a set of RAN slices having associated therewith network slice operational states and associated network slice configurations which may be used for assignment of RAN resources to user equipments (UEs) of the RAN, based on use of a frequency domain scheduling capability to assign frequency domain resources of RAN slices to UEs of the RAN based on network slice operational states and network slice configurations of the RAN slices, based on use of various types of messaging to support various aspects of RAN slicing, and so forth.
An apparatus is configured to transmit orthogonal cover code (OCC) encoded data, wherein the OCC encoded data includes a plurality of segments, each of the plurality of segments includes a plurality of OCC units, and each of the plurality of OCC units includes a plurality of resource elements. The apparatus comprises at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: drop at least a portion of a plurality of resource elements of at least a first OCC unit, from among the plurality of OCC units, wherein at least the portion of the plurality of resource elements overlaps with a transmission gap between segments, from among the plurality of segments; and transmit remaining resource elements of the plurality of OCC units.
