A method comprising: providing a reference set of multi-protocol message flows carried out in a first communication system, wherein said reference set comprises a plurality of reference message flows for various high-level message flow scenarios; obtaining a first message flow carried out in the first or a second communication system; extracting protocol-specific messages from said first message flow; identifying the protocol-specific messages of the first message flow based on protocol-specific features in said messages; correlating the protocol-specific messages of the first message flow into a first message flow sequence; matching the first message flow sequence to at least one reference message flow; and determining, in response to detecting a deviation between the first message flow sequence and said at least one reference message flow, the first message flow sequence as being potentially faulty.
H04L 43/026 - Capturing of monitoring data using flow identification
H04L 41/0631 - Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using root cause analysisManagement of faults, events, alarms or notifications using analysis of correlation between notifications, alarms or events based on decision criteria, e.g. hierarchy, tree or time analysis
2.
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR DRX CYCLE CONFIGURATION
A RL agent performs a RL process to configure at least one Discontinuous Reception, DRX, cycle for a User Equipment, UE. An action is selected by the RL agent in an action space. Each action in the action space corresponds to a DRX cycle configuration. The RL agent sends to the UE indication to use the DRX cycle configuration corresponding to the selected action. The RL agent receives state information computed over at least one DRX cycle configured based on a DRX cycle configuration indicated by the RL agent. The RL agent computes a reward on the basis of the state information.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for timely real-time AIML inference and troubleshooting. A method may include obtaining, at a first network entity, information about triggering time of at least one ML inference and information about delivery time of the at least one ML inference, determining an inference latency metric based on the obtained information, identifying at least one late ML inference, obtaining, information about triggering time and delivery time of the at least one identified late ML inference, transmitting the time-related information.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to multi-user-aware time domain scheduler. In particular, it proposes a technique to select UEs to be scheduled that are better mutually pairable candidates while still adhering to the scheduling metric priority. Further, it proposes an optimized scheduling policy for MU-MIMO that allows dynamic selection of UEs such that less interfering UEs are co-scheduled to realize high MU gains. In this way, it can increase the number of devices that can be scheduled at the same time. Further it has low computational complexity.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and a computer readable storage medium for CSI reconstruction in a sensing system. In the solution, a first apparatus for CSI reconstruction may receive assistance information for CSI reconstruction which may at least indicate a reference path between a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver. The first apparatus may receive a measurement report from the sensing receiver and further perform a CSI reconstruction based on the measurement report. Accordingly, an aggregated CSI may be determined for further sensing. Therefore, the performance of sensing may be improved and the efficiency for sensing may be increased.
A method and an apparatus. An optical signal is received on an optical channel at an output of an optical link, the optical link comprising one or more fibers connected in series. A longitudinal power profile of the optical link is generated from samples of the optical signal, for a wavelength of the optical channel. The longitudinal power profile indicates a scaled optical power as a function of accumulated chromatic dispersion, the scaled optical power being optical power P times a coefficient which is constant over the length of each of the one or more fibers.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for energy efficient homing and placement of cloudified network functions. A method may include defining features of a policy in an open-cloud domain. The method may also include defining a policy and a policy criteria associated with the features of the policy. The method may further include mapping the policy to at least one operating mode of an open-cloud resource. In addition, the method may include classifying the open-cloud resources in a cluster template. Further, the method may include transmitting the features, the policy, the policy criteria, and the mapping of the policy to a service management and orchestrator or an open-cloud.
H04L 41/0833 - Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability for reduction of network energy consumption
8.
A PRACH RADIO RECEIVER DEVICE WITH A NEURAL NETWORK, AND RELATED METHODS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS
Physical random access channel (PRACH) radio receiver devices and related methods and computer programs are disclosed. An uplink (UL) synchronization signal is received at a radio receiver device. The UL synchronization signal comprises a PRACH preamble. The PRACH preamble comprises a preamble sequence set. The radio receiver device extracts the preamble sequence set. The radio receiver device applies a neural network (NN) to the extracted preamble sequence set to determine a physical root sequence index, an associated cyclic shift value, and/or a timing offset value, for at least one preamble sequence instance in the extracted preamble sequence set. The radio receiver device further applies the NN to output at least one of the determined physical root sequence index, the associated cyclic shift value, and/or the timing offset value, for the at least one preamble sequence instance in the extracted preamble sequence set.
An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: manage an application service using a management web portal; request, using the management web portal, the application service with a given service level agreement from a catalogue of offered application services; and communicate, using the management web portal, with an application service management function; wherein the application service management function is configured to translate e the service level agreement of the requested application service to a specification of an application slice, and to trigger a creation of an application slice instance by contacting an application slice management function.
A sensing management entity includes a processor and a memory storing computer-executable instructions coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the sensing management entity to obtain expected motion characteristics of a mobile object over a period, generate a simulated displacement of the mobile object over the period based on the expected motion characteristics, determine a sensed displacement of the mobile object over the period based on wireless sensing signals, and determine a pose of the mobile object based on the simulated displacement and the sensed displacement, wherein the pose of the mobile object includes a position component and an orientation component.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage media for ambident backscatter communication. A first apparatus transmits, to a second apparatus served by the first apparatus, scheduling information comprising at least backscattering information for a third apparatus. The third apparatus is to be activated by the first apparatus for backscattering transmission. The first apparatus transmits, based on the scheduling information, an activation signal to the third apparatus, the activation signal comprising a downlink transmission signal to the second apparatus and a query indication for the backscattering transmission over the downlink transmission signal. In this way, time-frequency resources for DL transmissions can be reused for backscattering transmissions by ambient IoT devices, thus avoiding transmitting separate illumination signals for the ambient IoT devices and improving the network energy saving.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage media for ambident backscatter communication. A first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus serving the first apparatus, scheduling information comprising at least query information for a third apparatus, wherein the third apparatus is to be activated by the first apparatus for backscattering transmission. The first apparatus transmits, based on the scheduling information, an activation signal to the third apparatus, the activation signal comprising an uplink transmission signal to the second apparatus. In this way, time-frequency resources for UL data transmissions can be reused for backscattering data by ambient IoT devices, which saves the network resources and realizes the power saving for the terminal devices.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for non-terrestrial network (NTN) quality of experience (QoE) reporting with handover information. In particular, a terminal device bundles handover information to QoE measurement reporting data and sends the information to a network. In this way, such information helps the network to identify the cause of user experience varying. Further, it also facilitates optimizing NTN system performance.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a terminal device, a method and a medium for optimizing one or more parameters of a transmission. In an aspect, a first terminal device receives, from a second terminal device, a measurement report of interference caused by a first transmission from the first terminal device to a network device or to a third terminal device. The first terminal device optimizes at least one of the following parameters of a second transmission to be performed to the second terminal device based on the measurement report and in a parameter order in which the following parameters are listed: a frequency allocation parameter, a beamforming parameter, a transmit power parameter, or a modulation and coding scheme parameter. With the embodiments in the present disclosure, the transmission with low power towards user equipment in a sub-network can be optimized.
Described herein is a network element configured for providing, as a data source, at least a part of a data stream and/or a data item based on the selection of the network element to be included in a sample of the data stream, the network element comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that cause the network element at least to: employ a first function with a secret key, specific to the network element, to determine whether the network element is selected to be included in the sample; wherein, if it is determined that the network element is selected to be included in the sample, provide, to one or more second network elements, at least a part of the data stream and/or data items as part of the sample and an inclusion proof as proof of properties of the data stream and/or data item.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for an early indication for reduced capabilities. In a method, a first apparatus transmits, via a first identity module, at least one of a connection resume request message or a connection setup complete message to a second apparatus. The first identity module is in an inactive state, and the at least one of the connection resume request or the connection setup complete message indicates that a capability of the first apparatus is restricted. The first apparatus further receives, via the first identity module, a connection reconfiguration message from the second apparatus.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for cell activation. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a cell activation command for activating at least one cell. The first apparatus transmits, to the second apparatus, at least one measurement report for at least one serving cell on at least one uplink resource. The at least one serving cell comprises the at least one cell to be activated. The at least one uplink resource is positioned in association with the cell activation command.
Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system may be configured to support optical communications within a passive optical network (PON) including an optical line terminal (OLT) and an optical network unit (ONU) where communications between the OLT and the ONU is supported based on support for multiple ONU instances of the ONU within the PON.
H04Q 11/00 - Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
19.
MACHINE LEARNING -BASED GENERATION OF BEAMFORMING COEFFICIENTS BY UTILIZING PRIOR RADIO CHANNEL RELATED INFORMATION, AND RELATED DEVICES, METHODS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS
Devices, methods and computer programs for machine learning-based generation of beamforming coefficients by utilizing prior radio channel related information are disclosed. At least some example embodiments may allow reducing the amount of historical information to be fed to a neural beamformer or machine learning-based beamformer to reduce computational complexity and memory requirements.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
20.
APPARATUSES, METHODS AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUMS FOR VIDEO STITCHING
A system for providing panoramic video includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to receive video frames from at least two cameras, receive pose data of a user, generate a pose prediction for the user based on the pose data, the video frames, and network data, generate a quality level indicator, and generate a panoramic video by combining the video frames based on the pose prediction and the quality level indicator. The video frames are configured to be combined together at an overlap portion of adjacent video frames. The quality level indicator includes a quality level for each overlap portion of adjacent video frames based on the pose prediction.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a device, a method, an apparatus, and a computer readable storage medium for aggregated frame transmission. In the solution, a device uses a time period to capture a channel, and transmits on the channel and to a second device, an aggregated frame. As such, multiple frames may be aggregated into an aggregated frame, and the aggregated frame may be transmitted after capturing a channel by using a time period. Therefore, the overhead for the multiple frames may be reduced, and the network performance may be increased with a higher throughput and reduced latency.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a relaxed cell measurement. In an aspect, a terminal device determines a time period associated with a target traffic type. Moreover, the terminal device performs at least one relaxed cell measurement within the time period. In this way, it is allowed to reduce power consumption at the terminal device efficiently.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a timing advance (TA) adjustment. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a first configuration which is used at least for configuring a sounding reference signal (SRS) valid for a plurality of cells, and a second configuration for (i) a timing advance (TA) adjustment for a SRS transmission, and (ii) an update of downlink (DL) reception reference timing. The terminal device transmits, to the network device, the SRS based on the first configuration and the second configuration. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, an autonomous TA adjustment based on clear conditions can be triggered, and the TA adjustment effect and the efficiency of the TA adjustment can be improved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose devices, methods and apparatuses for sensing scheduling. In the embodiments, a first device receives, from a second device, a first request for requesting the first device to join a sensing device group that is configured to perform a union sensing in a sensing area. Then, the first device: i) transmits, to the second device, a confirmation message for the first request, or ii) in the case that the first device refrains from joining the sensing device group, receives a resource configuration information for separate sensing from a second device. In this way, the performance of the uplink channel of communication and sensing system can be improved.
Example embodiments relate to active sensing in joint communication and sensing. An apparatus may transmit, to a sensing management entity, an active sensing request for sensing with respect to the terminal device; receive, from the sensing management entity, a sensing beam configuration indicating a group of beams for said sensing; detect at least one beam of the group of beams based on the sensing beam configuration; transmit, to the sensing management entity, information of the at least one detected beam; and receive, from the sensing management entity, an active sensing response including sensing results.Example embodiments relate to active sensing in joint communication and sensing. An apparatus may transmit, to a sensing management entity, an active sensing request for sensing with respect to the terminal device; receive, from the sensing management entity, a sensing beam configuration indicating a group of beams for said sensing; detect at least one beam of the group of beams based on the sensing beam configuration; transmit, to the sensing management entity, information of the at least one detected beam; and receive, from the sensing management entity, an active sensing response including sensing results.Example embodiments relate to active sensing in joint communication and sensing. An apparatus may transmit, to a sensing management entity, an active sensing request for sensing with respect to the terminal device; receive, from the sensing management entity, a sensing beam configuration indicating a group of beams for said sensing; detect at least one beam of the group of beams based on the sensing beam configuration; transmit, to the sensing management entity, information of the at least one detected beam; and receive, from the sensing management entity, an active sensing response including sensing results.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to handling of semi-persistent assignment (SPS) configuration with time advance (TA) framework. In an aspect, a device determines a first time alignment timer (TAT) for a first timing advance group (TAG) is in a first state and a second TAT for a second TAG is in a second state. The device further determines that a semi persistent scheduling (SPS) configuration is associated with the first TAG and perform an operation to the SPS configuration. In this way, configured downlink assignment or SPS configuration is cleared or deactivated in case one TAT expires for a serving cell for which physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) feedback cannot be transmitted based on the PUCCH resource or TAG association.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for buffer status calculation method considering expected packet discarding. The method comprises: determining whether at least a portion of remaining data in a buffer of the first apparatus to be discarded before a possible subsequent uplink occasion after an uplink allocation, wherein the remaining data comprise data buffered at the first apparatus after a protocol data unit for a data transmission in the uplink allocation has been built; and generating at least one BSR based on the remaining data and the determination of the discarding; and transmitting, to a second apparatus, the at least one BSR in the uplink allocation along with the data transmission.
There are provided measures for efficient radio resources utilization in control information transmissions. Such measures exemplarily comprise estimating, for a present sequence of bits, a probability distribution, wherein said probability distribution being indicative of, for each bit of said present sequence of bits, a respective probability of said bit having a first predetermined value, and encoding, as an encoded present sequence of bits, said present sequence of bits utilizing arithmetic encoding with said probability distribution and said present sequence of bits as inputs.
H03M 7/30 - CompressionExpansionSuppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
H03M 7/40 - Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code
H04W 72/232 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal the control data signalling from the physical layer, e.g. DCI signalling
29.
COHERENT DETECTION OF SUBCARRIER-MULTIPLEXED SIGNALS USINGA FREQUENCY COMB
An optical data receiver is configured for receiving optical signal comprising spectrally adjacent modulated subcarriers. The optical receiver includes an optical comb generator to output separate frequency tones, and a plurality of optical-to-electrical (OE) converters. The OE converters are configured to mix light of a plurality of the frequency tones with part of the received optical signal, and to output a temporal sequence of measurements of the mixture produced by said mixing. A digital signal processor is configured to recover a data stream carried by one of the subcarriers by performing multi-input multi-output (MIMO) processing using the temporal sequences of measurements output by at least two of the OE converters. The MIMO processing involves performing passband filtering for a passband wherein two of the subcarriers are down-converted by the mixing.
A scheduling controller configured to control a network having ingress nodes, interior nodes, and egress nodes, including: a network interface configured to communicate with the network; a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and the network interface, wherein the processor is further configured to: define a traffic shaping hierarchy with a first level having a first traffic shaper associated with an ingress link between an ingress node and an interior node and a second level with a plurality of second traffic shapers associated with each path of a plurality of paths between the ingress link and the egress nodes; determine, each time a service assignment is due, which of the plurality of paths associated with the ingress link to service, based upon which of the plurality of paths has a lowest eligible finishing potential and wherein each link in the path has an eligible finishing potential; and determine, for the determined path, which of the packet queues associated with the network flows that are routed through the path to service, based upon which of the plurality of queues has a lowest eligible finishing potential.
A robot comprises an imaging system which generates images of a fiber optic patch panel. The robot further has a robotic arm and a gripper. The arm and the gripper are actuated based on the images to disconnect an optical fiber from an optical port of the fiber optic patch panel, or to connect the optical fiber to the optical port.
A scheduling method for use in a radio access network to allocate frequency resources to a user device for the transmission of data units organized in a set of data units is disclosed. The sets of data units are assigned an initial transmission delay budget which decreases over time. The scheduling method includes, at a given transmission time, prioritizing scheduling the user device with the largest portion of data units already successfully transmitted within the set of data units, and prioritizing scheduling the user device which set of data units has the smallest remaining transmission delay budget.
H04W 72/543 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria based on requested quality, e.g. QoS
H04W 72/566 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
33.
METHOD FOR A COLLECTING DATA AT AN ONU OF AN OPTICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
A method for collecting data, the method comprising, at an ONU of an optical distribution network, receiving downstream data packets in a downstream frame, each downstream data packet including a layer-2 header comprising at least upstream transmission opportunities and corresponding Alloc-ID's, wherein each Alloc-ID identifies a T-CONT of an ONU of the optical distribution network, wherein the upstream transmission opportunities define upstream bandwidth allocation for the T-CONT of the ONU; extracting at least part of the upstream transmission opportunities and their corresponding Alloc-IDs from the layer-2 headers; and collecting the at least part of the upstream transmission opportunities and the corresponding Alloc-ID for transmission as a layer-3 output payload.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of blind user equipment (UE) specific timing advance group (TAG) indication. The method comprises: determining, at a first apparatus, whether an association between at least one TAG associated with a SpCell of the first apparatus and respective one or more indices in an RAR is obtained from a second apparatus; and determining, based on the determination of the association, an applicability of the RAR for a random access procedure of the first apparatus.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to handover of subnetworks. The first apparatus determines that a first subnetwork is triggered to handover from a first cell to a second cell, the first apparatus being in the first subnetwork; based on the triggering, communicates with at least one other apparatus in the first subnetwork by using a first frequency resource; receives, from a second apparatus providing the second cell, resource configuration indicating a second frequency resource to be used in the first subnetwork instead of the first frequency resource; and communicates with the at least one other apparatus by using the second frequency resource indicated in the resource configuration.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to communication link control. In an aspect, a terminal device establishes one or more communication links with one or more network nodes for delivery of one or more data units. The terminal device determines whether to duplicate at least one of the one or more data units. If it is determined that the at least one of the one or more data units is not to be duplicated, the terminal device determines that at least one of the one or more communication links is to be temporally suspended. Moreover, the terminal device indicates the temporal suspension to a network node of the one or more network nodes providing the at least one of the one or more communication links. Then, the terminal device transmits the one or more data units to the one or more network nodes via the communication links that are not suspended. In this way, it is allowed to save radio resources and reduce power consumption at the terminal device.
The present disclosure relates to a solution for the area scope checking for device in an idle state or inactive state. In particular, a network device transmits a first configuration for a first layer at the first device to a terminal device. The network device forwards a second configuration comprising a configuration of quality of experience for a second layer at the first device to the terminal device. The terminal device determines a target layer from the first and second layers based on one or more of: whether the first configuration or the second configuration comprises area scope information for the quality of experience, or priority information between the first and second layers. In this way, it can avoid access stratum layer and application layer performing the area scope check at the same time in the terminal device.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for switching period indication. The method comprising: at a first apparatus, determine a first switching period during which the first apparatus at least switches from a first frequency band to a second frequency band; determine that the first switching period is different from a second switching period indicated to a second apparatus for frequency band switching; based on determining that the first switching period is different from the second switching period, transmit, to the second apparatus, update information associated with the first switching period.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a reporting delay for cell activation. In an aspect, a terminal device receives from a network device, a cell activation command for activation of the cell. The terminal device determines a time period for reporting layer 3 (L3) measurement for the activation of the cell based on one of (i) transmitting of a report from the terminal device, (ii) receiving of a command from the network device, or (iii) information for determining the time period received from the network device. Then the terminal device transmits the L3 measurement to the network device within the time period. As such, the terminal device can determine a time period to be used for reporting L3 measurement upon cell activation command and transmits L3 report to the network device within the time period.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to supporting network controlled measurement interruption ratio. In an aspect, a terminal device determines, based on at least one measurement requirement, a first interruption ratio. The first interruption ratio is different from a second interruption ratio acceptable by the network device. The terminal device transmits, to a network device, a first message requesting the network device to grant the first interruption ratio. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, network controlled measurement interruption ratio can be supported and the negative impact caused by the interruptions could be reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for cell activation. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, an activation command for activating a plurality of cells. Then, the first apparatus transmits, to the second apparatus, first measurement results for a first set of cells among the plurality of cells. An activation delay for activating the plurality of cells is based on the number of cells in a different second set of cells among the plurality of cells. The second set of cells satisfies at least one of: a condition that a cell in the second set of cells is not contiguous to a cell in the first set of cells, or a condition that timing for a cell in the second set of cells is different from timing for a cell in the first set of cells.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a channel bonding mechanism. In an aspect, an access point (AP) establishes wireless communication with a station (STA) on at least one first channel. The AP bonds the at least one first channel with at least one second channel used for the wireless communication by a second AP to form a bonded channel. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, channel bonding can be performed between multiple APs.
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for configuring, transmitting, and/or receiving a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) including one or more MAC subheader.
H04W 72/231 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal the control data signalling from the layers above the physical layer, e.g. RRC or MAC-CE signalling
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for configuring, transmitting, and/or receiving a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) including one or more MAC subheader.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to pathloss estimation, spatial relation information estimation, or both. In an aspect, a terminal device obtains configuration information for performing, outside a paging time window, a measurement of at least one of pathloss reference signal or spatial relation information reference signal (RS) associated with a sounding reference signal. The terminal device performs, based on the configuration information and outside the paging time window, the measurement using (i) at least one of a first RS configured for measuring the path-loss or a second RS configured for measuring the spatial relation information, or (ii) a synchronization signal block used for an additional radio resource management from at least one serving cell or at least one neighboring cell of the terminal device. As such, a solution for positioning outside a paging time window is provided, thereby providing an enhanced low-power high-precision positioning.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to positioning measurement with insufficient measurement time duration. In an aspect, a terminal device transmits, to a network device, under a first state, an indication of a first time duration for a first positioning measurement required by the terminal device. The terminal device determines whether the first time duration is supported by the network device or not. The terminal device conducts, in response to determining that the first time duration is not supported by the network device, at least one of the following: transiting to a second state rather than performing the first positioning measurement; performing the first positioning measurement during a second time duration supported by the network device; or performing the first positioning measurement and a handover to another network device after the first positioning measurement is completed. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the behavior of the terminal device and the network device is clearly defined for the positioning measurement with insufficient measurement time duration, thereby reducing negative impacts of the insufficient measurement time duration on the positioning measurement.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage media for uplink control information reporting. A first apparatus determines that an indication comprising uplink control information (UCI) is to be transmitted to a second apparatus. The first apparatus determines whether at least one configured grant (CG) transmission occasion is to be indicated as used or unused based at least in part on availability information of a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process associated with the at least one CG transmission occasion. The first apparatus transmits, to the second apparatus, the UCI comprising a usage indication of the at least one CG transmission occasion. In this way, the UCI is able to provide a dynamic indication of unused CG PUSCH occasion (s) by taking the availability of HARQ process into consideration. Therefore, the network resource utilization and communication reliability can be improved.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for an interplay between Discontinuous Reception (DRX) short cycle and the rational long cycle. The method comprises: receiving, from a second apparatus, a DRX configuration, at least indicating a DRX long cycle related configuration and at least one DRX short cycle related parameter, wherein the DRX configuration satisfies a constraint that a value of a DRX long cycle with a rational number is a multiple of a DRX short cycle value; and applying a DRX short cycle with a rational number at least based on the DRX configuration.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for uplink control information (UCI) determination for configured grant (CG). The method comprises: determining data in a buffer of the first apparatus to be transmitted in an UL CG occasion; determining whether at least a portion of remaining data in the buffer is to be discarded before at least one further UL CG occasion subsequent to the UL CG occasion, wherein the remaining data comprises data buffered in the first apparatus except for the data to be transmitted in the UL CG occasion; generating UCI based on the remaining data and the determination of the discarding; and transmitting, to a second apparatus, data in the UL CG occasion along with the UCI.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for non-terrestrial network (NTN) mobility during extended duration after an expiry of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) validity duration. The method comprising: at a first apparatus, determining that an uplink transmission from the first apparatus is allowed in an extended duration after an expiry of a GNSS validity duration; obtaining a configuration at least indicating whether an original location of the first apparatus is allowed to be used for a mobility operation of the first apparatus; and performing the mobility operation based on the configuration in the extended duration.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, devices and computer readable storage medium for device measurement based mobility handling in ambient internet of things. The method comprising: at a first apparatus, the first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a polling signal at least indicating an identifier of the second apparatus and a period of a polling cycle of the polling signal, wherein the first apparatus enables a communication with the second apparatus by backscattering mechanism; the first apparatus determines a query occasion for a backscattering communication; and the first apparatus initiates, according to the identifier of the second apparatus, an attachment procedure to the second apparatus based on at least one of: a signal strength measurement on the polling signal, or the query occasion of the backscattering communication.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for lossless delivery. In a method, a first apparatus, receives from a second apparatus or a third apparatus, an indication that a communication between the first apparatus and a fourth apparatus is using an indirect communication path via a fifth apparatus; and determine, based on the received indication, whether a data packet is to be removed from a buffer.
A network node may transmit a configuration message to at least one network device of a plurality of network devices, the configuration message including updated configuration information for the at least one network device, determine whether to update a network inventory system based on a response to the configuration message, and update a record included in the network inventory system associated with the at least one network device based on results of the determination, the updating including updating the record with the updated configuration information.
H04L 12/24 - Arrangements for maintenance or administration
H04L 29/08 - Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure
H04L 41/08 - Configuration management of networks or network elements
H04L 41/0853 - Retrieval of network configurationTracking network configuration history by actively collecting configuration information or by backing up configuration information
Various example embodiments for supporting deterministic communications in communication networks may be based on use of a hybrid Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processor (P4) deterministic switch. The hybrid P4 deterministic switch may include an electronic communication element configured to compensate for the jitter of incoming traffic to match a desired level of jitter for end-to-end deterministic communication of the incoming traffic and an optical communication element configured to support optical propagation of deterministic traffic received from the electronic communication element. The electronic communication element may include electronic packet queues, programmable electronic schedulers serving the electronic packet queues, and a P4 control element, where the electronic packet queues, the programmable electronic schedulers, and the P4 control element cooperate to support end-to-end deterministic communication of traffic based on control plane programming of the programmable electronic schedulers to serve the electronic packet queues in a manner providing end-to-end deterministic communication of the traffic.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable storage medium for user equipment (UE) -to-network (U2N) relay. In a method, a first device transmits, to a second device, information related to congestion of a link between the first device and a third device. The first device discards at least one protocol data unit (PDU) of a PDU set according to the information related to the congestion of the link between the first device and the third device. The at least one PDU of the PDU set is received from the second device and buffered at the first device and to be transmitted to the third device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for frequency hopping. In a method, a first device receives, from a second device, a first configuration of at least one positioning reference signal (PRS). The first device transmits, to the second device, at least one indication of at least one requested configuration for at least one PRS, based on at least one measurement of the at least one PRS, wherein the at least one indication of the at least one requested configuration comprises at least one requested frequency hopping parameter of the at least one PRS. The first device receives, from the second device, a second configuration of the at least one PRS, wherein the second configuration comprises at least one frequency hopping parameter of the at least one PRS.
Various example embodiments relate to downlink power allocation in general massive MIMO systems. A method may comprise: constructing a graph representing a plurality of user equipments and a plurality of access points, wherein the graph comprises a plurality of nodes, wherein each node represents a communication link between one user equipment of the plurality of user equipments and one access point of the plurality of access points, and for at least one node of the graph, determining a power control parameter for the access point associated with said node using a graph neural network, and transmitting the determined power control to the access point associated with said node.
Devices and methods for collaborative control of power amplifier related distortions in a radio transmitter device are disclosed. At least some example embodiments may allow controlling the distortions in the power amplifiers used in the radio transmitter devices in way that also takes into account various emission requirements.
Solutions to control use of back-up batteries of a radio access network in a virtual power plant are disclosed. In the solutions, a virtual power plant manager entity obtains site information on radio access network element sites, at least some of which are usable as additional power capacity providers in the virtual power plant, and energy balancing related information of a power grid using the virtual power plant. The virtual power plant manager entity determines, based at least on the site information and the energy balancing related information, for at least one virtual power plant entity for the virtual power plant, control information relating to the virtual power plant, the control information optimizing virtual power plant utility while maintaining radio network stability, and transmits said control information to the at least one virtual power plant entity.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for configuring resources for subband full duplex, SBFD, operation. A method (400) performed by a terminal device, comprising: receiving (S402), from a network node, a subband full duplex, SBFD, slot configuration; and communicating (S404), with the network node, based at least on the SBFD slot configuration. The slot configuration indicates a plurality of radio resources of a slot; and the plurality of radio resources include: at least one downlink, DL, radio resource used for DL transmission; and at least one flexible radio resource used for flexible scheduling. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose a mechanism to specifically configure/allocate resources for subband full duplex, SBFD, operation.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to device, method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium of load-based spectrum resource allocation. In the method, a first apparatus determines at least one spectrum resource required for at least one cell based on at least one load of the at least one cell. The first apparatus transmits, to a second apparatus, a request for the at least one required spectrum resource. By allocating the spectrum resources to the cell based on the load of the cell, load balancing can be improved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, devices and computer readable storage medium for handover in scenario when both source distributed unit and target distributed unit are co-located. The method comprising: at a first apparatus, the first apparatus transmits, to a second apparatus, an indication of requesting the second apparatus to use a delayed handover for a handover of a third apparatus from the second apparatus to a fourth apparatus co-located with the second apparatus, wherein at least a portion of downlink data buffered at the second apparatus, by using the delayed handover, is to be transmitted to the third apparatus before an execution of the handover of the third apparatus.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to efficient sidelink discovery for a sensing service. In one aspect, a first device obtains a first request message for requesting a sensing service associated with a third device. Then the first device transmits, to a second device, a second request message for requesting discovery authorization for the third device. In the case that the discovery authorization is provided by the second device, the first device receives, from the second device, a discovery authorization message and a discovery response message associated with the third device. In this way, the sensing latency is improved and the additional signal overhead is reduced.
A mobile robot includes at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the mobile robot to generate a set of next consecutive waypoints, determine a local planner based on the set of next consecutive waypoints, and output a velocity pair for navigating the mobile robot, based on the determined local planner.
Various example embodiments for providing a passive optical network (PON), supporting communications between an optical line terminal (OLT) and a set of optical network units (ONUs) of a PON, are presented. The PON may be enabled based on use of an optical frequency comb (OFC), generated at the OLT and reconstructed at the ONUs for locking the OFC at the ONUs to the OFC at the OLT. The OFC may include a set of optical frequency lines used as seed lines for reconstruction of the OFC at the ONUs (e.g., the pair of OFC lines at the center of the OFC which may be used to regenerate locked OFCs at the ONUs), a set of optical frequency lines used to support downstream communications from the OLT to the ONUs, and a set of optical frequency lines used to support upstream communications from the ONUs to the OLT.
H04Q 11/00 - Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
G02B 6/293 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
66.
CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION AND POLARIZATION TRACKING IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system may be configured to support optical communications in a passive optical network (PON). Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system such as a PON may be configured to support clock synchronization in the PON and polarization tracking in the PON. Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in a PON may be configured to support joint clock synchronization and polarization tracking the PON. Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system such as a PON may be configured to support clock synchronization in the PON and polarization tracking in the PON, along with various other functions (e.g., symbol rate sampling and so forth).
Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system may be configured to support dual-polarization based communications within the context of a direct detection based point-to-multipoint optical network (e.g., a passive optical network (PON) based on direction detection). Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system may be configured to support optical communications based on application of dual polarizations to each of one or more wavelengths within the context of a direct detection based point-to-multipoint optical network to support multiple optical channels within the direct detection based point-to-multipoint optical network (e.g., a single wavelength with two polarizations to provide two optical channels, two wavelengths each with two polarizations to provide four optical channels, three wavelengths each with two polarizations to provide six optical channels, and so forth) and, thus, support increased data carrying capacity within the direct detection based point-to-multipoint optical network.
There is provided an apparatus, a method and a computer program product. In accordance with an embodiment the method comprises obtaining procedure data related to a vendor specific network element of a wireless communication network; determining a third generation partnership project (3GPP) based procedure in the obtained procedure data; generating triggering from the obtained procedure data for determining the third generation partnership project based procedure; and converting the obtained procedure data to a vendor agnostic output data according to a data model.
The present subject matter relates to a resonator comprising a chamber comprising a first wall, a second wall opposite the first wall, and side walls; a first cylinder grounded on one of the first and second walls and extending into the chamber; a second cylinder which is coaxial with the first cylinder and grounded on the other wall of the first and second walls and extending into the chamber; a tuner being coaxial with the second cylinder and grounded on the bottom of the first cylinder; and a dielectric tube is configured to circumscribe the tuner along an overlap length.
Example embodiments relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable mediums for paging information and paging-related actions. A terminal device may receive via a first cell first paging information related to a second cell or another carrier of the first cell, and to perform a paging-related action via the second cell or said another carrier based on the first paging information. Synchronization signals are not transmitted in the second cell or said another carrier. The paging-related action may comprise monitoring for second paging information in the second cell or said another carrier if the first paging information comprises a paging early indication, a wake-up signal, or a scheduling message for scheduling a paging message, or performing at least one action for transferring information via the second cell or said another carrier if the first paging information comprises a paging message or a wake-up signal.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution on subband allocation. In particular, a transmitting and receiving scheme to enable enhanced distributed subband allocation for subnetworks. In this way, it can avoid large feedback overheads of the subband allocation scheme. Further, it can also achieve good performances.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, devices and computer readable storage medium to model and auto orchestrate edge application and virtual network function on cloud multi-clusters. The method comprising: at a first apparatus, the first apparatus obtains, from at least one distributed operator, capacity information and capability information of one or more edge clusters, each of one or more edge clusters being arranged with a distributed operator, the capacity information and the capability information being associated with one or more capability categories comprise at least one of the following: computing resources of the one or more edge clusters, networking resources of the one or more edge clusters, timing synchronization information of the one or more edge clusters, or management capability resources of the one or more edge clusters; the first apparatus determines requirements for deploying edge APPs and/or VNFs; and the first apparatus determines, at least based on the capacity information and the capability information and the requirements, one or more target edge clusters on which the edge APPs and/or the VNFs are to be deployed.
H04L 67/1029 - Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers using data related to the state of servers by a load balancer
73.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SELECTION OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER SERVING DEVICE
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for selection of wireless power transfer, WPT, serving device. A method (300) performed by a first terminal device may comprise: transmitting (S306), to the second terminal device, a request for a WPT; and receiving (S308), from the second terminal device, a response indicating a target serving device for the WPT. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose a mechanism that, a WPT consuming device may request to (re) select a WPT serving device. A better candidate for WPT service to the WPT consuming device may be provided. Therefore, a working state of the WPT consuming device may be better retained.
Methods, apparatus and computer-readable medium are disclosed for aerobat user equipment (UE) drift warning. In an embodiment, there is provided a method performed at a radio access network node. The method comprises receiving, from an aerobat UE, a measurement report concerning a first set of flight data of the aerobat UE; transmitting, to the aerobat UE, an indication for triggering a periodical radio measurement reporting from the aerobat UE; and in response to a transmission of the indication, waiting for receiving a radio measurement report from the aerobat UE. The radio measurement report comprises a second set of flight data of the aerobat UE.
An apparatus, in a user equipment, is provided, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to receive an indication whether a transmission mode for inactive/idle reception of multicast is applied for a multicast session, and based on the indication, perform procedures to enable reception of the multicast session using the transmission mode for inactive/idle mode reception.
An apparatus comprising means for implementing a near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller; means for storing user equipment-specific information relating to at least one user equipment connected to a first access node being controlled by said near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller; means for establishing an interface to a second near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller; and means for transferring at least said user equipment-specific information to said second near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller in response to said user equipment establishing a connection to a second access node being controlled by said second near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller.
A machine-learning (ML) orchestrator entity provides distributed, flexible, and efficient parameter initialization and updating for ML agents can be installed on network nodes operating under similar radio conditions. The ML orchestrator entity instructs each of such network nodes to iteratively run the ML agent in a training mode. Each run yields a local set of parameters for the ML agent. After each run, the ML orchestrator entity collects and uses the local sets of parameters from two or more network nodes to derive a common set of parameters for the network nodes. The ML orchestrator further instructs each of the network nodes to update its own local set of parameters based on the common set of parameters and use the updated local set of parameters in a subsequent run. The ML orchestrator entity repeats these steps until a termination criterion for the training mode is met.
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
78.
APPARATUSES, METHODS AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUMS FOR NETWORK CONNECTIVITY
A device for communicating within a network includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the device to receive, from a network gateway, a connectivity policy for the device and facilitate communication between the device and the network gateway according to the connectivity policy. The device includes a kernel with at least a first kernel tunnel and a second kernel tunnel. The connectivity policy specifies at least one of the first kernel tunnel or the second kernel tunnel for uplink transmission of packets from the device. The device includes a kernel virtual switch configured to switch between the first kernel tunnel and the second kernel tunnel to facilitate the communication between the device and the network gateway based on the connectivity policy.
Various example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an assistance for a sensing operation. In an aspect, a first device determines assistance information associated to a sensing operation. The first device then transmits, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation. In this way, the efficiency of the sensing operation may be improved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for wireless power transfer in communication network. A method (400) performed by a serving node comprises: transmitting (S402), to a terminal device, a configuration for a wireless power transfer, WPT; transmitting (S404), to the terminal device, a message for the WPT with a plurality of transmissions, based at least on the configuration; and providing (S406), to the terminal device, a trigger for decoding at least one transmission in the plurality of transmissions. The terminal device harvests power from the plurality of transmissions before and/or after the decoding. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device may decode a transmission of a WPT message, for regular/emergency communication. Therefore, critical network control may be still enabled or facilitated, even when the terminal device is in wireless power charge.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution on power allocation for subnetworks. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure can improve system performance with novel operations in transmit power domain. More specifically, embodiments of the present disclosure can allocate (or coordinate) transmission powers to the co-subband subnetworks to further reduce the inter-subnetwork interference.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to power control of wireless power transfer (WPT). In an aspect, a first device transmits, to a second device, a first transmission for WPT from the first device to the second device. The first device obtains, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission. The feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT. The first device transmits, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information. The embodiments of the present disclosure can enable implicit closed loop power control with reduced control/power overhead.
In some embodiments, there may be provided a method that includes receiving, as a first input to a first machine learning model, at least a first traffic matrix indicative of an amount of traffic routed among at least one node pair of an overlay network; receiving, as a second input to the first machine learning model, information indicative of overlay network routing among the at least one node pair of the overlay network; receiving, as a third input to the first machine learning model, measured delay between the at least one node pair of the overlay network; and learning, by the first machine learning model, a representation of an underlay network, the learning using a minimization of a difference between an average delay in the underlay network and the measured delay between the at least one node pair of the overlay network.
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
H04L 41/147 - Network analysis or design for predicting network behaviour
In one embodiment, the apparatus is configured to perform receiving, at the apparatus, a plurality of packets of information to be transmitted from the apparatus to a node, generating at least one queue of the plurality of packets of information to be transported to the node, and discarding at least one packet from the queue at a specific time and/or based on a timing characteristic of the at least one packet to be discarded.
Apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable media for joint user scheduling and analog beam choice in hybrid beamforming are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a processor and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform computing a maximum number of physical resource blocks, PRBs, that can be assigned to a specific user using a specific beam out of a plurality of users and a plurality of beams The apparatus can also calculate a maximum value of a first beam proportional fair, PF, metric and the corresponding beam and users The apparatus can also calculate a maximum value of a second beam proportional fair, PF, metric and the corresponding beam and users The apparatus can also select one of the RT-heuristic or Pmax-heuristic, and perform beam and user scheduling based on information regarding the corresponding beam and users according to the selected RT-heuristic or Pmax-heuristic.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
86.
APPARATUS, METHODS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS RELATING TO SELECTION OF AN APPLICATION SERVER
An apparatus, the apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, for a plurality of candidate application servers for providing a service to a user equipment, one or more network related metrics relating to at least a part of a network path between the user equipment and a respective candidate application server via a network; receiving, for the plurality of candidate application servers, one or more application server metrics; and determining, based on the one or more network related metrics for the candidate application servers and the one or more application server metrics for the candidate application servers, which one or more candidate application servers of the plurality of candidate application servers is to provide the service to the user equipment.
Various example embodiments of optical nodes may be configured to support improved connectivity between optical fibers and/or cores of optical fibers connected to the optical nodes based on use of various optical cross-connect architectures within the optical nodes. Various example embodiments of optical nodes configured to support use of various optical cross-connect architectures within the optical nodes in order to provide improved connectivity within the optical nodes in a manner that supports improved connectivity between optical fibers and/or cores of optical fibers connected to the optical nodes may be configured to support optical cross-connect architectures that increase connectivity between middle stage switches of the optical nodes (e.g., use of an auxiliary optical switch to increase connectivity between middle stage switches, use of connections between middle stage switches to increase connectivity between middle stage switches, or the like, as well as various combinations thereof).
A network node is configured to support detection and/or diagnosis of network anomalies in a target communication network based on a Network Digital Twin, NDT, simulating at least a part of the target communication network, and comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, cause the first network node at least to: provide, to a second network node, at least one anomaly injection case generated based on a simulation configuration and/or configure at least one anomaly injection case in the NDT, the NDT being provided at the second network node; receive, from the second network node, a simulation signature and/or anomaly diagnosis of a simulation of the anomaly injection case on the NDT; and deploy diagnosis knowledge, generated based on the received simulation signature and/or anomaly diagnosis, in a Network Anomaly Detection Function, NADF, for the target communication network and/or provide the anomaly diagnosis.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for resource management. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration related to association of at least a first service flow and a second service flow. The first apparatus transmits first information of the first service flow to the second apparatus.
A fiber sensing control device (FSCD) is provided for protecting a network infrastructure in an optical fiber network against intrusive fiber sensing. The FSCD resides on an optical fiber cable at a boundary between the first network segment containing the network infrastructure that is to be protected and a neighboring network segment. The FSCD comprises at least one blocking element that can block sensing of backscattered light on at least one optical fiber of the optical fiber cable.
H04B 10/85 - Protection from unauthorised access, e.g. eavesdrop protection
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
91.
GROUP MACHINE LEARNING (ML) MODELS ACROSS A RADIO ACCESS NETWORK
Systems, methods, and software for a Radio Access Network (RAN). In one embodiment, a system identifies a plurality of cells within the RAN, and groups the cells into cell groups. The system performs a training process to train group Machine-Learning (ML) models for the cell groups based on training data for the cell groups, and evaluates a performance of the group ML models for the cell groups based on evaluation data for the cell groups. The system provides the group ML models for the cell groups to a RAN management system or the like when the performance of the group ML models satisfies a performance threshold.
Various examples of embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatuses for O-RAN Open Fronthaul Section Enhancement. One such example of an embodiment relates to a method that includes providing, through application of the Section Extension 11, SE11, an offset information indicating an offset between a first allocated Physical Resource Block, PRB, among PRBs of a bundle of PRBs and a lower PRB bundle boundary related to a first PRB among the PRBs of the bundle of PRBs, wherein the bundle of PRBs is associated with an endpoint terminal and wherein the first PRB is an allocated or a non-allocated PRB.
An ambient internet of things, AIoT, device is configured to have more than two different states that are needed for channel coding and modulation with backscattering, such as an increased radio reflection coefficient that is closer to one than in normal backscattering. The AIoT device is configurable to at least an energy harvesting state in which the radio reflection coefficient is as close to zero as possible; a normal operation state in which the radio reflection coefficient higher but clearly below one to allow sufficient energy harvesting for various circuitries, such as processing and volatile memory circuitries; and a range extending state in which the radio reflection coefficient is as close to zero as possible so as to reach maximum range for outgoing data that is backscattered.
Disclosed is a method comprising receiving, from a user equipment, information indicating at least: one or more channel characteristics of one or more received positioning reference signals of a set of frequency hops, and one or more identifiers of one or more missed positioning reference signals of the set of frequency hops; and compensating for the one or more missed positioning reference signals of the set of frequency hops based at least partly on the information.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to providing information on channel state information (CSI) report. In an aspect, a terminal device determines, based on at least one channel state information (CSI) report to be performed by the terminal device based on at least one CSI report configuration configured by a first network device, a time window available for scheduling at least one further CSI report. The terminal device transmits, to a second network device, information indicative of the time window. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, CSI report collisions among different networks can be mitigated, and UE capabilities may be shared in a more efficient way to maximize the resource utilization.
An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: determine at least one slice specific identifier; create a slice specific connection with a network node using a certificate associated with the at least the slice specific identifier; and transmit data on the slice specific connection.
The present discourse relates to solution for WPT. In particular, it proposes to charge a terminal device which need utilize dynamically allocated frequency and time resource. The terminal device is able to control sidelink WPT transmission power to obtain a best radio frequency to direct current (RF-DC) conversion efficiency. In this way, it can achieve on-demand WPT to the terminal device. The IoT device can be charged in time. Further, the best RF-DC conversion efficiency can also be achieved.
H02J 50/20 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
H02J 50/80 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and a computer readable storage medium for adjustment for sensing coverage area. In the solution, an apparatus including a sensing management function may determine that a sensing coverage area of a sensing system is to be adjusted to sense a moving target, and the apparatus may transmit a sensing static power adjustment indication to a sensing transition device, where the sensing static power adjustment indication indicates to the sensing transition device to adjust static power of signals reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area. The sensing transition device may adjust static power of signals reflected from one or more stationary objects in a sensing coverage area based on the sensing static power adjustment indication. Accordingly, the sensing coverage area may be adjusted as the static power adjustment.
Various example embodiments of the subject disclosure relate to devices, methods, and computer readable storage media for the adjustment for a coverage enhancement for sensing coverage. In one method, a first device receives, from a second device, a report for sensing coverage of the second device and a third device, wherein the second device and the third device are configured to perform sensing session for a sensing target. Then, the first device determines, based on the report, whether a coverage enhancement is to be used for the sensing coverage. The first device, based on determining that the coverage enhancement is to be used for the sensing coverage, transmits, to the second device, an indication to perform a movement for the coverage enhancement.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for an enhanced transmission during a random access (RA) procedure. In the solution, a first device, receives, from a second device, first information associated with an enhanced transmission of a message with a first transmission direction which is transmitted from the second device to the first device during a random access (RA) procedure; and receives, based on the first information, the enhanced transmission of the message with the first transmission direction from the second device during the RA procedure..
