A system including a magnetic coil and a coil driver is described. The magnetic coil has a parasitic capacitance. The coil driver is coupled with the magnetic coil. The coil driver includes a pulse generator and a switching module coupled with the pulse generator. The pulse generator provides a pulse train. The switching module receives the pulse train and provides a switched driving signal to the magnetic coil. The switched driving signal has a frequency not less than a parasitic capacitance frequency.
A probe laser beam causes molecules to transition from a ground state to an excited state. A control laser beam causes molecules in the excited state to transition to a laser-induced Rydberg state. Microwave lenses convert a microwave wavefront into respective microwave beams. The microwave beams are counter-propagated through molecules so as to create a microwave interference pattern of alternating maxima and minima. The microwave interference pattern is imposed on the probe beam as a probe transmission pattern. The propagation direction of the microwave wavefront can be determined from the translational position of the probe transmission pattern; the intensity of the microwave wavefront can be determined by the intensity difference between the minima and maxima of the probe transmission pattern.
G01S 3/46 - Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
3.
TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF RYDBERG EXCITATIONS IN QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSORS
Techniques are described for deterministically returning Rydberg atoms from a Rydberg state to a ground state. These techniques allow for improved calibration of Rydberg excitations, and for detection of errors without the loss of atoms from traps described above. In particular, the techniques comprise applying a pulse to a Rydberg atom to transition the atom from a Rydberg state to a second state having a lower energy than the Rydberg state. These pulses, referred to here as “drain pulses,” are selected to produce the desired transition to the second state, referred to herein as a “drain state.” The drain state may be selected as a state that will decay, or which may be driven, to a ground state. Accordingly, the drain pulse provides a path for atoms to transition from a Rydberg state to a ground state.
Metamaterial optics are integrated with vacuum-boundary walls of ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) cells to manipulate light in a manner analogous to various bulk optical elements including lenses, mirrors, beam splitters, polarizers, waveplate, wave guides, frequency modulators, and amplitude modulators. For example, UHV cells can have metasurface lenses formed on interior and/or exterior surfaces on one or more of their vacuum-boundary walls. Each metasurface lens can include a plurality of mesas with the same height and various cross-sectional dimensions. The uses of metasurface lenses allows through-going laser beams to be expanded, collimated or focused without using bulky refractive optics. Each metasurface lens can be formed on a cell wall using photolithographic or other techniques.
G02B 7/00 - Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
G21K 1/06 - Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction, or reflection, e.g. monochromators
5.
MINIATURE ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY REFERENCE CELL SYSTEM
A spectroscopy system is described. The spectroscopy system includes a cell, a photodiode, and mirrors. The cell has walls forming a chamber therein. The chamber is configured to receive laser signal(s) and retaining a vapor therein. The vapor fluoresces in response to the laser signal(s). The mirrors are configured to direct fluorescent light from the vapor toward the photodiode. In some embodiments, the spectroscopy system is incorporated with a photonic integrated circuit.
Examples relate to the field of radio frequency (RF) signal processing such as classifying RF signals with low latency. The method involves receiving portions of an RF signal, transforming these portions into a time-resolved frequency representation using a continuous wavelet transform, and processing this representation with a recurrent neural network. The neural network modifies a neural network state incrementally to generate a classification output, which may include modulation classification, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) classification, or jamming detection. The system achieves sub-millisecond inference latency through techniques such as model quantization and batch size optimization. Principal uses include real-time RF signal analysis and jamming detection, with applications in communication systems and environmental monitoring. The RF signal may be received from a quantum RF sensor based on Rydberg atoms, enabling broad frequency range detection.
A radio-frequency receiver achieves high sensitivity by pumping atoms to high-azimuthal (≥3) Rydberg states. A vapor cell contains quantum particles (e.g., cesium atoms). A laser system provides probe, dressing, and coupling beams to pump the quantum particles to a first Rydberg state having a high-azimuthal quantum number ≥3. A local oscillator drives an electric field in the vapor cell at a local oscillator frequency, which is imposed on a distribution of quantum particles between the first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state. An incident RF signal field interferes with the local oscillator field, imposing an oscillation in the distribution at a beat or difference frequency and, consequently, on the intensity of the probe beam. The beat frequency component of the intensity of the probe beam is detected, and the detection signal is demodulated to extract information originally in the RF signal.
An apparatus for maintaining accurate timekeeping in an atomic clock during holdover is presented. The apparatus comprises data acquisition circuitry configured to store historical clock data; and receive environment data. The apparatus comprises processing circuitry configured with a predictive algorithm, the predictive algorithm configured to analyze a combination of historical clock data, environment data, and real-time clock data; and estimate a future drift in a frequency of the atomic clock at a future time point based on analysis of the combination of historical clock data, environment data, and real-time clock data. The apparatus further comprises control circuitry configured to adjust the frequency of the atomic clock based on the estimated future drift of the frequency of the atomic clock.
A method for determining transient stability of a power grid using qubits of a quantum computing system comprises: receiving input parameters associated with a portion of the power grid; preparing an initial quantum state based on the input parameters; determining a plurality of time evolution steps, where each time evolution step is associated with a different respective iteration of a plurality of iterations; applying, for each iteration, a first set of quantum gate operations (QGOs) to the qubits, wherein the first set of QGOs produces a quantum state based on a first evolution of the initial quantum state or a quantum state produced by a previous iteration, and a second set of QGOs to the qubits, wherein the second set of QGOs produces a quantum state based on a second evolution of the quantum state produced by the first set of QGOs of a respective iteration.
A system includes an atomic clock providing a local reference clock signal, an external clock interface receiving an external clock signal, and a comparator comparing the local and external clock signals. In response, the comparator generates a comparison output signal. An interference detection system receives this signal and determines if the external clock signal contains an interference component. The system then outputs an alert signal to indicate the presence of interference.
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
In one aspect, a system comprises: a memory configured to store a plurality of data units; a plurality of data sources, where each data source is configured to provide a respective data unit; and a processor configured to: determine a plurality of periods where each period is associated with a respective event and each event is associated with a different respective data source, determine a plurality of adjusted periods, where each period is associated with a respective adjusted period, determine a respective order for each adjusted period, determine a number of adjusted periods associated with each order, determine a number of time slots for a lowest order of adjusted periods based on the number of adjusted periods within each of the orders, and determine a start time for each event based on the order of the event and the number of time slots for the lowest order of adjusted periods.
In the manufacture of a quantum cell, multi-finger jigs are used to hold precision masks flat during a photolithographic procedure and or to apply force uniformly over a bonding area during an anodic or other direct bonding procedure. The fingers of a jig are flexible that they can bend sufficiently independently of each other that one finger can accommodate a non-uniformity of a surface to be contacted by the jig so that other fingers remain in contact with other areas of the surface. The fingers can be defined by slits orthogonal to a perimeter of the jig.
C03C 27/06 - Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
B32B 37/00 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
B32B 37/10 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using direct action of vacuum or fluid pressure
13.
Conformal coatings for quantum vacuum applications
A system, method, or device for providing a vacuum cell comprising a conformal coating is disclosed. The system includes (i) a vacuum cell having at least one internal vacuum chamber, the vacuum cell being formed of at least one piece, and (ii) a conformal coating on the at least one internal vacuum chamber or surface of the vacuum cell, the conformal coating having fewer seams than a number of the at least one piece.
A system including a vacuum cell, an ion pump, and a multi-layer magnetic shield is described. The vacuum cell includes a magnetic field-sensitive section, a pump section, and a channel section providing a vacuum conductance path between the magnetic field-sensitive section and the pump section. The ion pump is in the pump section. The multi-layer magnetic shield surrounds at least a portion of the ion pump. The multi-layer magnetic shield has a first layer and a second layer. The first layer is between the second layer and the ion pump. The first layer has a moderate relative magnetic permeability and a high saturation magnetization. The second layer has a high relative magnetic permeability and a moderate saturation magnetization.
An artificial neural network (ANN) receives a sequence of input data tokens. The ANN has a hidden state memory of size N and a set of weights having a size that scales on or below an order of N. The ANN processes each token in the sequence of input data tokens by performing, based on each token, a logical operation on the hidden state memory to generate an updated hidden state memory. Processing the sequence of input data tokens comprises performing a number of compute operations that scales on or below an order of N{circumflex over ( )}1.5. The ANN obtains, from the updated hidden state memory after processing each token, a final hidden state memory. The ANN generates an inference result based on the final hidden state memory.
G06N 3/043 - Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology based on fuzzy logic, fuzzy membership or fuzzy inference, e.g. adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems [ANFIS]
An optical atomic clock can include a group of optical frequency references. A system for improving frequency stability in the clock output signal can use an optical combination of the group of optical frequency references. The system can include a first optical frequency reference comprising an output configured to generate a first optical signal; a second optical frequency reference comprising an output configured to generate a second optical signal; an optical frequency comparator configured to generate a first electrical feedback signal based on an optical combination of the first optical signal and the second optical signal; and an optical frequency comb, wherein the first optical frequency reference is configured to receive the first electrical feedback signal; and modify the first optical signal based on the first electrical feedback signal, wherein the optical frequency comb is configured to output a radio-frequency electrical signal based on the modified first optical signal.
During one or more active periods of time over which at least one of an amplitude, frequency, or phase of one or more optical wave(s) are modified, the optical wave(s) overlap with and interact with a gaseous cloud of IAMs and transfer portions of the among different distributions of momentum states. Control signals for controlling aspects of the optical wave(s) are determined based at least in part on (1) a constraint determined based at least in part on a set of optical wave parameters, and a set of quantum state parameters, where two or more of the quantum state parameters do not satisfy the constraint, and/or (2) a partial derivative of one or more quantum states associated with the IAMs, where the partial derivative is with respect to an optimization parameter determined based at least in part on the one or more optical waves or the estimation parameter.
An electromagnetic field detector including a vapor cell, an excitation system, and a frequency tuner is described. The vapor cell has a plurality of quantum particles therein. The excitation system excites the quantum particles to a first Rydberg state. The first Rydberg state has a transition to a second Rydberg state at a first frequency. The frequency tuner generates a tunable field in a portion of the vapor cell. The tunable field shifts the first Rydberg state and/or the second Rydberg state such that the transition to the second Rydberg state is at a second frequency different from the first frequency. The detection frequency range for the electromagnetic field detector is continuous and includes the first frequency and the second frequency.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Quantum computer hardware, namely, quantum processing units; Quantum computers; Computer hardware for quantum computing; Computer hardware with preinstalled operating system software for quantum computing; Devices for processing and storing quantum information, namely, quantum computer hardware; Scientific apparatus and instruments for quantum computation and data processing, namely, quantum processing units and quantum computers
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Research and development services for neutral-atom quantum computing; Design and testing of neutral-atom quantum computers and related hardware; Consulting services in the field of neutral-atom quantum computing; Cloud-based neutral-atom quantum computing services, namely, providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable cloud computing software for compiling, optimizing, and benchmarking circuits for quantum computers.
A device includes applying coupling and transformation operations to quantum states according to a Hamiltonian specification. Information is received at a digital computer based in part on measurements of the quantum states. The digital computer provides information for preparing quantum states associated with quantum processing elements based in part on the information. A control module applies coupling and transformation operations based on interaction with the digital computer for processing the constrained optimization problem. The processing includes preparing quantum states associated with quantum processing elements characterized by a summation of a constraint Hamiltonian and an objective Hamiltonian. The processing further includes operating the control module to evolve a time-dependent Hamiltonian by forming a sum of a first term having the constraint Hamiltonian and a second term. The second term includes a product that is initially equal to the objective Hamiltonian and is evolved into a negative of the objective Hamiltonian.
A method comprises determining a first and second portion of a quantum circuit specification based at least in part on two or more estimated gate simulation times associated with simulating two or more quantum gate operations; generating a first set of output quantum states (OQSs) by simulating the first portion using a classical processor; determining a first set of measurement results associated with the first set of OQSs; generating a second set of OQSs by simulating or executing the second portion; determining a second set of measurement results associated with the second set of OQSs; and determining a result based at least in part on the first set of measurement results and the second set of measurement results; where the first set of OQSs and the second set of OQSs do not depend on each other.
G06N 10/80 - Quantum programming, e.g. interfaces, languages or software-development kits for creating or handling programs capable of running on quantum computersPlatforms for simulating or accessing quantum computers, e.g. cloud-based quantum computing
The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate (USA)
Inventor
Anderson, Dana Zachary
Dinardo, Brad Anthony
Abstract
A qubit array reparation system includes a reservoir of ultra-cold particle, a detector that determines whether or not qubit sites of a qubit array include respective qubit particles, and a transport system for transporting an ultra-cold particle to a first qubit array site that has been determined by the probe system to not include a qubit particle so that the ultra-cold particle can serve as a qubit particle for the first qubit array site. A qubit array reparation process includes maintaining a reservoir of ultra-cold particles, determining whether or not qubit-array sites contain respective qubit particles, each qubit particle having a respective superposition state, and, in response to a determination that a first qubit site does not contain a respective qubit particle, transporting an ultracold particle to the first qubit site to serve as a qubit particle contained by the first qubit site.
Sense+compute (S+C) quantum-state carriers (QSCs), e.g., rubidium atoms, can be used provide more scalable quantum sensor systems. Multiple S+C QSCs can capture sensor data. The sensor data can then be transformed in the quantum domain according to a quantum tomographic protocol. The transformed data can be measured to provide a respective classical domain measurement. The sensing, transformation, and measurement can be repeated to provide a set of measurements (corresponding to different transformations) that can be combined according to the quantum tomography protocol to generate a model of the original quantum state. Estimation error associated with the model can be scaled down at a rate corresponding more closely to increases in the number N of QSCs than √{square root over (N)}, even in the presence of noise.
Each atom in a population of atoms can be characterized by a probability density distribution (PDD). Using a shaken-lattice technique, each PDD is split into a pair of sub-PDDs. The sub-PDDs of a pair are propagated along different paths to a common endpoint of the paths, resulting in a matter-wave interference pattern that encodes a net phase between the paths, e.g., due to differential effects associated with a gravity gradient. The matter-wave interference pattern can be measured to yield a respective measurement for each atom. The measurements can be aggregated to yield a result distribution that can serve as a classical domain estimate of the quantum-domain matter-wave interference pattern, and thus of the gravity gradient. Other embodiments can determine gradients for other types of fields.
≥3. A local oscillator drives an electric field in the vapor cell at a local oscillator frequency, which is imposed on a distribution of quantum particles between the first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state. An incident RF signal field interferes with the local oscillator field, imposing an oscillation in the distribution at a beat or difference frequency and, consequently, on the intensity of the probe beam. The beat frequency component of the intensity of the probe beam is detected, and the detection signal is demodulated to extract information originally in the RF signal.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
Sense+ compute (S+C) quantum-state carriers (QSCs), e.g., rubidium atoms, can be used provide more scalable quantum sensor systems. Multiple S+C QSCs can capture sensor data. The sensor data can then be transformed in the quantum domain according to a quantum tomographic protocol. The transformed data can be measured to provide a respective classical domain measurement. The sensing, transformation, and measurement can be repeated to provide a set of measurements (corresponding to different transformations) that can be combined according to the quantum tomography protocol to generate a model of the original quantum state. Estimation error associated with the model can be scaled down at a rate corresponding more closely to increases in the number N of QSCs than (I), even in the presence of noise.
G06N 10/20 - Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
G06N 10/70 - Quantum error correction, detection or prevention, e.g. surface codes or magic state distillation
G06F 11/14 - Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation, e.g. by using different operation sequences leading to the same result
A probe laser beam causes molecules to transition from a ground state to an excited state. A control laser beam causes molecules in the excited state to transition to a laser-induced Rydberg state. Microwave lenses convert a microwave wavefront into respective microwave beams. The microwave beams are counter-propagated through molecules so as to create a microwave interference pattern of alternating maxima and minima. The microwave interference pattern is imposed on the probe beam as a probe transmission pattern. The propagation direction of the microwave wavefront can be determined from the translational position of the probe transmission pattern; the intensity of the microwave wavefront can be determined by the intensity difference between the minima and maxima of the probe transmission pattern.
G01S 3/46 - Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
A method comprises determining a first and second portion of a quantum circuit specification based at least in part on two or more estimated gate simulation times associated with simulating two or more quantum gate operations; generating a first set of output quantum states (OQSs) by simulating the first portion using a classical processor; determining a first set of measurement results associated with the first set of OQSs; generating a second set of OQSs by simulating or executing the second portion; determining a second set of measurement results associated with the second set of OQSs; and determining a result based at least in part on the first set of measurement results and the second set of measurement results; where the first set of OQSs and the second set of OQSs do not depend on each other.
An electrometer is disclosed. The electrometer includes a housing, a vapor cell, a micro-optical system, an electric field generator, and a control electronic subsystem. The vapor cell has a top and a bottom and includes a vapor of quantum particles. The micro-optical system is configured to route laser fields through the vapor cell in a direction transverse to the top and the bottom. The electric field generator is configured to provide an electric field in the vapor cell. The housing includes a surface adapted to mate to a portion of a fuselage surrounding a hole.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
G01R 29/08 - Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
A quantum-hardened power grid includes grid nodes (e.g., power plants, renewable energy sources and substations) and transmission lines connecting the grid nodes. The grid nodes include stable quantum clocks that permit the power grid to continue operation in the event of downtime for a GPS or other external synchronization reference. Operation sans an external reference can be extended by synchronizing atomic clocks across grid nodes using a quantum network. The atomic clocks can be used with quantum sensors and quantum computers to provide grid state estimates, e.g., using quantum tomography “at the edge”. In addition, these quantum devices can be used to compute responses to grid faults and cyberattacks.
A system including a magnetic coil and a coil driver is described. The magnetic coil has a parasitic capacitance. The coil driver is coupled with the magnetic coil. The coil driver includes a pulse generator and a switching module coupled with the pulse generator. The pulse generator provides a pulse train. The switching module receives the pulse train and provides a switched driving signal to the magnetic coil. The switched driving signal has a frequency not less than a parasitic capacitance frequency.
A system comprises a first computing device (CD) comprising processors in communication with a first plurality of quantum storage elements (QSEs); a second CD comprising processors in communication with a non-volatile memory, a second plurality of QSEs, and control circuitry configured to apply quantum gate operations to the second plurality of the QSEs, where the second CD is configured to: read a sequence of data (SOD) from the non-volatile memory, and use the control circuitry to generate quantum states stored in the second plurality of QSEs based at least in part on at least one of (1) a hypergraph-based representation associated with the SOD or (2) random circuit sampling and the SOD, where the SOD provides randomness for the random circuit sampling; and a quantum communication channel between the first CD and the second CD configured to transmit the quantum states from the second CD to the first CD.
G06F 21/57 - Certifying or maintaining trusted computer platforms, e.g. secure boots or power-downs, version controls, system software checks, secure updates or assessing vulnerabilities
34.
MANAGING PROCESSING OF STATES OF SEQUENCES OF DATA
A system comprises a first computing device (CD) comprising processors in communication with a first plurality of quantum storage elements (QSEs); a second CD comprising processors in communication with a non-volatile memory, a second plurality of QSEs, and control circuitry configured to apply quantum gate operations to the second plurality of the QSEs, where the second CD is configured to: read a sequence of data (SOD) from the non-volatile memory, and use the control circuitry to generate quantum states stored in the second plurality of QSEs based at least in part on at least one of (1) a hypergraph-based representation associated with the SOD or (2) random circuit sampling and the SOD, where the SOD provides randomness for the random circuit sampling; and a quantum communication channel between the first CD and the second CD configured to transmit the quantum states from the second CD to the first CD.
A multi-quantum-reference (MQR) laser frequency stabilization system includes a laser system, an MQR system, and a controller. The laser system provides an output beam with an output frequency, and plural feedback beams with respective feedback frequencies. The feedback beams are directed to the MQR system which includes plural references, each including a respective population of quantum particles, e.g., rubidium 87 atoms, with respective resonant frequencies for respective quantum transitions. The degree to which the feedback frequencies match or deviate from the resonance frequencies can be tracked using fluorescence or other electro-magnetic radiation output from the references. The controller can stabilize the laser system output frequency based on plural reference outputs to achieve both short-term and long-term stability, e.g., in the context of an atomic clock.
H01S 5/0687 - Stabilising the frequency of the laser
H01S 5/34 - Structure or shape of the active regionMaterials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
A rubidium optical atomic clock uses a modulated 778 nanometer (nm) probe beam and its reflection to excite rubidium 87 atoms, some of which emit 758.8 nm fluorescence as they decay back to the ground state. A spectral filter rejects scatter of the 778 nm probe beams while transmitting the 775.8 nm fluorescence so that the latter can be detected with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Since the spectral filter is only acceptably effective at angles of incidence less than 8° from the perpendicular, the atoms are localized by a magneto-optical trap so that most of the atoms lie within a conical volume defined by the 8° angle so that the resulting fluorescence detection signal has a high signal-to-noise ratio. The fluorescence detection signal can be demodulated to provide an error signal from which desired adjustments to the oscillator frequency can be calculated.
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
A method for controlling an atomic clock is described. The method includes receiving, at a processor, a request including an operational mode of multiple operational modes for the atomic clock. The atomic clock includes a local oscillator, a vapor cell, a detector, and a local oscillator controller. The vapor cell includes atoms and receives from the local oscillator a signal having a frequency. The signal causes transitions of the atoms between atomic energy states. The detector detects the transitions and provides to the local oscillator controller an error signal based on the transitions. The error signal indicates a difference between the frequency and a target frequency. The local oscillator controller controls the local oscillator based on the error signal. The processor determines, based on the operational mode, values for control parameters for the atomic clock. The atomic clock is controlled using the values of the parameters.
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
G04F 5/14 - Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
Each atom in a population of atoms can be characterized by a probability density distribution (FDD). Using a shaken-lattice technique, each FDD is split into a pair of sub-PDDs. The sub-PDDs of a pair are propagated along different paths to a common endpoint of the paths, resulting in a matter-wave interference pattern that encodes a net phase between the paths, e.g., due to differential effects associated with a gravity gradient. The matter-wave interference pattern can be measured to yield a respective measurement for each atom. The measurements can be aggregated to yield a result distribution that can serve as a classical domain estimate of the quantum-domain matter-wave interference pattern, and thus of the gravity gradient. Other embodiments can determine gradients for other types of fields.
A shaken-lattice station and a cloud-based server cooperate to provide shaken lattices as a service (SLaaS). The shaken-lattice station serves as a system for implementing “recipes” for creating and using shaking functions to be applied to light used to trap quantum particles. The cloud-based server acts as an interface between the shaken-lattice station (or stations) and authorized users of account holders. To this end the server hosts an account manager and a session manager. The account manager manages accounts and associated account-based and user-specific permissions that define what actions any given authorized user for an account may perform with respect to a shaken-lattice station. The session manager controls (e.g., in real-time) interactions between a user and a shaken-lattice station, some interactions allowing a user to select a recipe based on results returned earlier in the same session.
A laser system provides a system output signal and a monitor signal with a predetermined phase and/or frequency relationship to the system output signal. The monitor signal is combined with a reference frequency to yield an optical beat-note. A telecom optical transceiver (e.g., an SFP or an SFP+ module) is used to convert the optical beat-note to an analog electrical beat-note. The transceiver can extract received-power information from the analog electrical beat-note and digitize the analog electrical beat-note to yield a digital electrical beat-note. The digital electrical beat-note can be used to stabilize the laser and the system output signal by phase or offset locking.
Compiling a program specification that comprises at least one quantum circuit associated with both a set of quantum operations and a first schedule for the set of quantum operations includes assigning each quantum operation in the set to a first passed set, a first caught set, or a first blocked set. The first blocked set includes a first quantum operation that addresses one or more qubits that are addressed by at least one quantum operation in the first caught set. A first passed set ordering is determined. A first caught set ordering is determined. Determining a second schedule for the set of quantum operations includes assigning the quantum operations in the first caught set to be performed after the quantum operations in the first passed set, and assigning the quantum operations in the first blocked set to be performed after the quantum operations in the first caught set.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
14 - Precious metals and their alloys; jewelry; time-keeping instruments
35 - Advertising and business services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Scientific apparatus and instruments for use in quantum
research, namely, of lasers for industrial use and
computers; downloadable cloud-computing software for use in
data collection, data analytics, network maintenance, and
computing integrity in the field of quantum research;
computer hardware for use in quantum research. Quantum clocks. Business consulting services through the use of quantum
research; business consulting, and development services in
the fields of commerce, and data management through the use
of quantum computing. Providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable
cloud-based software for use in quantum research; scientific
research, consulting, and development services in the fields
of technology, and data mining, processing, and storage
through the use of quantum computing; quantum research as a
service (QRaaS), namely, use of quantum devices and sensors
and quantum computing for provision of research.
43.
PULSED-LASER MODIFICATION OF QUANTUM-PARTICLE CELLS
A pulsed-laser applies short (e.g., less than 10 pico-seconds) pulses to modify quantum particle (e.g., alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms) ultra-high vacuum (UHV) cells to bond, ablate, and/or chemically modify vacuum-facing surfaces of the cell. The pulses are generated outside the cell and are transmitted through a vacuum-boundary wall. In one example, one vacuum-boundary wall is first contact bonded to other vacuum boundary walls at a relatively low temperature (below 200° C.), sufficient to form a temporary hermetic seal. Pulsed laser bonding is used to reinforce the contact bonds, correcting defects and generally increasing the robustness of the seal. The pulses provide high peak power to ensure strong bonds, but low total heat so as to avoid heat damage to nearby cell components and to limit quantum-particle sorbtion to and into cell walls.
A microwave sensor determines an electric-field strength of a microwave field populated by quantum particles in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) cell. A probe laser beam and a coupling laser beam are directed into the UHV cell so that they are generally orthogonal to each other and intersect to define a “Rydberg” intersection, so-called as the quantum particles within the Rydberg intersection transition to a pair of Rydberg states. The frequency of the probe laser beam is swept so that a frequency spectrum of the probe laser beam can be captured. The frequency spectrum is analyzed to determine a frequency difference between Autler-Townes peaks. The electric-field strength of the microwave field within the Rydberg intersection is then determined based on this frequency difference.
A system, method, or device for providing an atomic source. The system includes a vacuum cell, an atomic source selected from a thin film atomic source residing on a conductive substrate and a sintered titanate atomic source, and an activation system configured to eject atoms from the thin film atomic source.
87Ru atoms therealong to a Rydberg state. Each channel can be read out by tracking absorption for each of the plural probe beams of the multi-channel system.
Quantum-state readout for an atom is performed using stimulated emission, e.g., by illuminating the atoms with electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths selected to stimulate photon emission from the atom. Such an emission can be stimulated using four-wave mixing, in this case, three illumination wavelengths are mixed to stimulate the emissions wavelength. The illumination wavelengths are detuned from nearby resonant wavelengths to avoid capture by an atom orbital, which would lead to spontaneous rather than stimulated emission. The stimulated emissions are directional facilitating capture of a strong signal. The illumination wavelengths can be selected to be in different directions from the emissions wavelength to minimize noise in the emissions detection. The net result is a high-signal-to-noise ratio detection signal and quantum-state readout.
A quantum-mechanics station (Ψ-station) and a cloud-based server cooperate to provide quantum mechanics as a service (ΨaaS) including real-time, exclusive, interactive sessions. The Ψ-station serves as a system for implementing “recipes” for producing, manipulating, and/or using quantum-state carriers, e.g., rubidium 87 atoms. The cloud-based server acts as an interface between the station (or stations) and authorized users of account holders. To this end, the server hosts an account manager and a session manager. The account manager manages accounts and associated account-based and user-specific permissions that define what actions any given authorized user for an account may perform with respect to a Ψ-station. The session manager controls (e.g., in real-time) interactions between a user and a Ψ-station, some interactions allowing a user to select a recipe based on wavefunction characterizations returned earlier in the same session.
G09B 23/20 - Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized device for demonstration purposes for physics for atomic physics or nucleonics
G21K 1/00 - Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
H04L 67/146 - Markers for unambiguous identification of a particular session, e.g. session cookie or URL-encoding
≥3. A local oscillator drives an electric field in the vapor cell at a local oscillator frequency, which is imposed on a distribution of quantum particles between the first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state. An incident RF signal field interferes with the local oscillator field, imposing an oscillation in the distribution at a beat or difference frequency and, consequently, on the intensity of the probe beam. The beat frequency component of the intensity of the probe beam is detected, and the detection signal is demodulated to extract information originally in the RF signal.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
A quantum sensor including a training agent and a target quantum system is described. The target quantum system includes quantum state carriers that are capable of being mutually entangled. The training agent includes a training quantum system. The target quantum system receives a control input. An output in response to the control input is obtained from the target quantum system. The training agent evaluates the output and determines a subsequent control input for the target quantum system.
Compiling a program specification that comprises at least one quantum circuit associated with both a set of quantum operations and a first schedule for the set of quantum operations includes assigning each quantum operation in the set to a first passed set, a first caught set, or a first blocked set. The first blocked set includes a first quantum operation that addresses one or more qubits that are addressed by at least one quantum operation in the first caught set. A first passed set ordering is determined. A first caught set ordering is determined. Determining a second schedule for the set of quantum operations includes assigning the quantum operations in the first caught set to be performed after the quantum operations in the first passed set, and assigning the quantum operations in the first blocked set to be performed after the quantum operations in the first caught set.
G06N 10/80 - Quantum programming, e.g. interfaces, languages or software-development kits for creating or handling programs capable of running on quantum computersPlatforms for simulating or accessing quantum computers, e.g. cloud-based quantum computing
G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
G06N 10/60 - Quantum algorithms, e.g. based on quantum optimisation, or quantum Fourier or Hadamard transforms
G06N 10/20 - Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
A system including a magnetic coil and a coil driver is described. The magnetic coil has a parasitic capacitance. The coil driver is coupled with the magnetic coil. The coil driver includes a pulse generator and a switching module coupled with the pulse generator. The pulse generator provides a pulse train. The switching module receives the pulse train and provides a switched driving signal to the magnetic coil. The switched driving signal has a frequency not less than a parasitic capacitance frequency.
A quantum sensor including a training agent and a target quantum system is described. The target quantum system includes quantum state carriers that are capable of being mutually entangled. The training agent includes a training quantum system. The target quantum system receives a control input. An output in response to the control input is obtained from the target quantum system. The training agent evaluates the output and determines a subsequent control input for the target quantum system.
A process for manufacturing custom optically active quantum-particle cells includes forming a pre-customization assembly and then, in response to receipt of specifications for quantum-particle cells, performing a customization subprocess on the pre-customization assembly to yield custom quantum-particle cells, e.g., vapor cells, vacuum cells, micro-channel cells containing alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal ions or neutral atoms. The customization can include forming metasurface structures on cell walls, e.g., to serve as anti-reflection coatings, lenses, etc., and introducing quantum particles (e.g., alkali metal atoms). A cover can be bonded to hermetically seal the assembly, which can then be diced to yield plural separated custom optically active quantum-particle cells.
B82B 3/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
G02B 1/00 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements
14 - Precious metals and their alloys; jewelry; time-keeping instruments
Goods & Services
Precision frequency reference and clock products in the
nature of optical or microwave frequency clocks with quantum
transitions in atomic references for the purposes of
providing the stability for national standards, global
navigation satellite systems, financial and other
transaction time stamping, data and communication network
synchronization, assured positions systems, and metrology.
57.
Multi-quantum-reference laser frequency stabilization
A multi-quantum-reference (MQR) laser frequency stabilization system includes a laser system, an MQR system, and a controller. The laser system provides an output beam with an output frequency, and plural feedback beams with respective feedback frequencies. The feedback beams are directed to the MQR system which includes plural references, each including a respective population of quantum particles, e.g., rubidium 87 atoms, with respective resonant frequencies for respective quantum transitions. The degree to which the feedback frequencies match or deviate from the resonance frequencies can be tracked using fluorescence or other electro-magnetic radiation output from the references. The controller can stabilize the laser system output frequency based on plural reference outputs to achieve both short-term and long-term stability, e.g., in the context of an atomic clock.
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
G04F 5/14 - Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
H01S 5/0687 - Stabilising the frequency of the laser
H01S 3/094 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Downloadable software for manipulating neutral ultracold atoms through the use of non-medical laser systems for use in the research fields of science, education, and quantum technologies; downloadable software for operating and controlling scientific apparatus and instruments for studying quantum phenomena; downloadable computer software for managing virtual machines on a cloud computing platform for studying quantum phenomena Research services consisting of digital manipulation of neutral ultracold atoms by means of software controlling non-medical laser systems for use in the research fields of science, education, and quantum technologies; online non-downloadable software featuring software for operating and controlling scientific apparatus and instruments for use in studying quantum phenomena
59.
COMPACT VACUUM PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY USABLE WITH ION TRAPS
A vacuum system is described. The vacuum system includes a vacuum cell and an ion trap. The vacuum cell includes walls having an inner surface that form at least a portion of a vacuum chamber. At least a portion of the inner surface has a topography including structures therein. The structures include a getter material. The ion trap is within the vacuum chamber.
H01J 49/24 - Vacuum systems, e.g. maintaining desired pressures
H01J 41/16 - Discharge tubes for evacuating by diffusion of ions, e.g. ion pumps, getter ion pumps with ionisation by means of thermionic cathodes using gettering substances
H01J 41/20 - Discharge tubes for evacuating by diffusion of ions, e.g. ion pumps, getter ion pumps with ionisation by means of cold cathodes using gettering substances
60.
Compact vacuum packaging technology usable with ion traps
A vacuum system is described. The vacuum system includes a vacuum cell and an ion trap. The vacuum cell includes walls having an inner surface that form at least a portion of a vacuum chamber. At least a portion of the inner surface has a topography including structures therein. The structures include a getter material. The ion trap is within the vacuum chamber.
A drop-in multi-optics module for a quantum-particle (e.g., rubidium, cesium) cell provides for more convenient and cost-effective manufacture of such cells (including vacuum cells, cold/ultra-cold matter cells, vapor cells, and channel cells). In a 3D printing approach, a model of a frame augmented by buffer material is 3D printed. The buffer material is removed from the augmented frame to achieved desired dimensions with greater precision than could be achieved by 3D printing the frame directly. Optical and, in some cases, other components are attached to the frame to realize the multi-optics drop-in module. Alternatively, the module can be formed by cutting out portions of a metal sheet and then folding the resulting 2D preform.
A spectroscopy system is described. The spectroscopy system includes a cell, a photodiode, and mirrors. The cell has walls forming a chamber therein. The chamber is configured to receive laser signal(s) and retaining a vapor therein. The vapor fluoresces in response to the laser signal(s). The mirrors are configured to direct fluorescent light from the vapor toward the photodiode. In some embodiments, the spectroscopy system is incorporated with a photonic integrated circuit.
A spectroscopy system is described. The spectroscopy system includes a cell, a photodiode, and mirrors. The cell has walls forming a chamber therein. The chamber is configured to receive laser signal(s) and retaining a vapor therein. The vapor fluoresces in response to the laser signal(s). The mirrors are configured to direct fluorescent light from the vapor toward the photodiode. In some embodiments, the spectroscopy system is incorporated with a photonic integrated circuit.
G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
Quantum computing results can be stored in a quantum array of quantum-state carriers (QSCs) which must be read out in a form accessible to the classical world. The quantum array can be divided into regions that can be read in parallel. Each region is illuminated one QSC (e.g., atom) at a time and any resulting emissions are detected to determine the quantum state of each QSC and thus the value represented by the QSC. Multi-pixel superpixels are examined in each detection image to determine whether or not a respective QSC emitted in response to illumination. The field of view for each superpixel exceeds the area of the respective QSC, providing tolerance for misalignment of the photodetector relative to the quantum array.
A quantum-particle cell manufacturing process includes coating a substrate with transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as indium tin oxide (ITO). Regions of the TCO are then transformed, e.g., by pulsed-laser annealing, to increase their resistivity. The annealed region then electrically isolates adjacent higher conductivity and lower resistivity regions, which can serve as field plates. At least one annealed region extends from the cell interior through a bond between the substrate and sidewalls and into the cell exterior so that adjacent unannealed regions can serve as independently controllable feedthroughs. The annealing does not significantly affect the TCO thickness so the bond between the substrate and the sidewall structure remains intact and the completed quantum particle cell can be hermetically sealed.
H01L 31/0352 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
While a qubit control system ( e.g., a laser system) Is in a first configuration, it causes a qubit state (as represented as a point on the surface of a Bloch sphere) of a quantum state carrier (QSC), e.g., an atom, to rotate in a first direction from an initial qubit state to a first configuration qubit state. While the qubit control system is in a second configuration, it causes the QSC state to rotate in a second direction opposite the first direction from the first configuration qubit state to a second configuration qubit state. The second configuration qubit state is read out as a 10} or 11 ). Repeating these actions results in a distribution of I O}s and I IJs that can be used to determine which of the two configurations results in higher Rabi frequencies. Iterating the above for other pairs of configurations can identify a configuration that delivers the most power to the QSC and thus yields the highest Rabi frequency.
A vacuum cell including a vacuum chamber, a first bond, and a second bond is described. The first bond affixes a first portion of the vacuum cell to a second portion of the vacuum cell. The first bond has a first bonding temperature and a first debonding temperature greater than the first bonding temperature. The second bond affixes a third portion of the vacuum cell to a fourth portion of the vacuum cell. The second bond has a second bonding temperature and a second debonding temperature. The second bonding temperature is less than the first debonding temperature.
s that can be used to determine which of the two configurations results in higher Rabi frequencies. Iterating the above for other pairs of configurations can identify a configuration that delivers the most power to the QSC and thus yields the highest Rabi frequency. This process can be used, for example, to align a laser so that its pulse yields a maximum Rabi frequency for an atom.
A vacuum cell including a vacuum chamber, a first bond, and a second bond is described. The first bond affixes a first portion of the vacuum cell to a second portion of the vacuum cell. The first bond has a first bonding temperature and a first debonding temperature greater than the first bonding temperature. The second bond affixes a third portion of the vacuum cell to a fourth portion of the vacuum cell. The second bond has a second bonding temperature and a second debonding temperature. The second bonding temperature is less than the first debonding temperature.
Beamformers are formed (e.g., carved) from a stack of transparent sheets. A rear face of each sheet has a reflective coating. The reflectivities of the coatings vary monotonically with sheet position within the stack. The sheets are tilted relative to the intended direction of an input beam and then bonded to form the stack. The carving can include dicing the stack to yield stacklets, and polishing the stacklets to form beamformers. Each beamformer is thus a stack of beamsplitters, including a front beamsplitter in the form of a triangular or trapezoidal prism, and one or more beamsplitters in the form of rhomboid prisms. In use, a beamformer forms an output beam from an input beam. More specifically, the beamformer splits an input beam into plural output beam components that collectively constitute an output beam that differs in cross section from the input beam.
A quantum computer system uses a network of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) to route laser light to selected atoms of a quantum array. The MZI network is defined in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), which also includes an array of optical gratings. A laser system generates the light, the electronically controlled MZI network routes the light to respective optical gratings. The optical gratings convert the light from the MZI network into beams to illuminate the respective atoms so as to conditionally change their quantum states. This routing process offers advantages of economy, scalability and reliability over alternatives approaches to optical control of quantum states.
G06N 3/06 - Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons
H03K 17/92 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of superconductive devices
A quantum computer system uses a network of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) to route laser light to selected atoms of a quantum array. The MZI network is defined in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), which also includes an array of optical gratings. A laser system generates the light, the electronically controlled MZI network routes the light to respective optical gratings. The optical gratings convert the light from the MZI network into beams to illuminate the respective atoms so as to conditionally change their quantum states. This routing process offers advantages of economy, scalability and reliability over alternatives approaches to optical control of quantum states.
G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
A drop-in multi-optics module for a quantum-particle (e.g., rubidium, cesium) cell provides for more convenient and cost-effective manufacture of such cells (including vacuum cells, cold/ultra-cold matter cells, vapor cells, and channel cells). In a 3D printing approach, a model of a frame augmented by buffer material is 3D printed. The buffer material is removed from the augmented frame to achieved desired dimensions with greater precision than could be achieved by 3D printing the frame directly. Optical and, in some cases, other components are attached to the frame to realize the multi-optics drop-in module. Alternatively, the module can be formed by cutting out portions of a metal sheet and then folding the resulting 2D preform.
G21K 1/06 - Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction, or reflection, e.g. monochromators
B22F 3/00 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sinteringApparatus specially adapted therefor
G21K 1/08 - Deviation, concentration, or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means
B21D 5/00 - Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
A resonator for coherent oscillator matterwaves (COMW) includes a cavity bound by reflectors. The reflectors are fields of light blue-detuned with respect to an energy-level transition of the rubidium 87 (87Rb) atoms that constitute the COMW. One of the reflectors is partially transmissive to that COMW can enter and exit the resonator. The COMW resonator can be used to stabilize a COMW oscillator much as an optical resonator can stabilize a laser.
H01S 3/082 - Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
76.
Accelerometer using coherent oscillatory matterwaves
An accelerometer/gravitometer based on coherent oscillatory matterwaves (COMW). The accelerometer includes a pair of COMW generator systems, each with an oscillator and a respective resonator to stabilize the oscillator output. One of the resonators can be aligned with acceleration, while the other is transverse to the acceleration. The COMW generator outputs can be compared to derive a measurement of acceleration.
G01P 15/093 - Measuring accelerationMeasuring decelerationMeasuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces with conversion into electric or magnetic values by photoelectric pick-up
G01V 7/04 - Electric, photoelectric, or magnetic indicating or recording means
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
H01S 3/082 - Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
A microwave sensor determines an electric-field strength of a microwave field populated by quantum particles in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) cell. A probe laser beam and a coupling laser beam are directed into the UHV cell so that they are generally orthogonal to each other and intersect to define a “Rydberg” intersection, so-called as the quantum particles within the Rydberg intersection transition to a pair of Rydberg states. The frequency of the probe laser beam is swept so that a frequency spectrum of the probe laser beam can be captured. The frequency spectrum is analyzed to determine a frequency difference between Autler-Townes peaks. The electric-field strength of the microwave field within the Rydberg intersection is then determined based on this frequency difference.
A resonator for coherent oscillator matterwaves (COMW) includes a cavity bound by reflectors. The reflectors are fields of light blue-detuned with respect to an energy-level transition of the rubidium 87 (87Rb) atoms that constitute the COMW. One of the reflectors is partially transmissive to that COMW can enter and exit the resonator. The COMW resonator can be used to stabilize a COMW oscillator much as an optical resonator can stabilize a laser.
G21K 1/08 - Deviation, concentration, or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means
H01J 21/18 - Tubes with a single discharge path having magnetic control meansTubes with a single discharge path having both magnetic and electrostatic control means
A closed-loop coherent oscillator matterwave (COMW) system generates a COMW. Atoms tunnel into a COMW oscillator to populate the COMW generated and emitted by the oscillator. A detuned light-field-based COMW splitter divides the emitted COMW between an output COMW and a regulator COMW. A COMW resonator, including detuned light-field mirrors, receives the regulator COMW and returns a feedback COMW. A COMW sensor evaluates the intensity of the feedback COMW. A controller adjusts the oscillator based on the evaluation to optimize the COMW output of the system.
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
G01P 15/093 - Measuring accelerationMeasuring decelerationMeasuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces with conversion into electric or magnetic values by photoelectric pick-up
G01V 7/04 - Electric, photoelectric, or magnetic indicating or recording means
G06N 10/20 - Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
H01S 3/082 - Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression
Beamformers are formed (e.g., carved) from a stack of transparent sheets. A rear face of each sheet has a reflective coating. The reflectivities of the coatings vary monotonically with sheet position within the stack. The sheets are tilted relative to the intended direction of an input beam and then bonded to form the stack. The carving can include dicing the stack to yield stacklets, and polishing the stacklets to form beamformers. Each beamformer is thus a stack of beamsplitters, including a front beamsplitter in the form of a triangular or trapezoidal prism, and one or more beamsplitters in the form of rhomboid prisms. In use, a beamformer forms an output beam from an input beam. More specifically, the beamformer splits an input beam into plural output beam components that collectively constitute an output beam that differs in cross section from the input beam.
Metamaterial optics are integrated with vacuum-boundary walls of ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) cells to manipulate light in a manner analogous to various bulk optical elements including lenses, mirrors, beam splitters, polarizers, waveplate, wave guides, frequency modulators, and amplitude modulators. For example, UHV cells can have metasurface lenses formed on interior and/or exterior surfaces on one or more of their vacuum-boundary walls. Each metasurface lens can include a plurality of mesas with the same height and various cross-sectional dimensions. The uses of metasurface lenses allows through-going laser beams to be expanded, collimated or focused without using bulky refractive optics. Each metasurface lens can be formed on a cell wall using photolithographic or other techniques.
G21K 1/06 - Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction, or reflection, e.g. monochromators
G02B 7/00 - Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
A pair of acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) is used to steer a pair of laser beams to address individual atoms of an array of atoms so that the beams can conditionally induce a 2-photon transition between the atom's quantum energy levels. The first beam is deflected into a +1 diffraction order, resulting in an AOD output beam with a frequency greater than that of the respective AOD input beam. The second beam is deflected into a −1 diffraction order so that the AOD output beam has a frequency less than that of the respective AOD input beam. The equal and opposite frequency changes compensate it other so that the sum of the output frequencies remains constant.
14 - Precious metals and their alloys; jewelry; time-keeping instruments
Goods & Services
Precision frequency reference and clock products in the nature of optical frequency clocks with quantum transitions in atomic references for the purposes of providing the stability for national standards, global navigation satellite systems, financial and other transaction time stamping, data and communication network synchronization, assured positions systems, and metrology; Precision frequency reference and clock products in the nature of microwave frequency clocks with quantum transitions in atomic references for the purposes of providing the stability for national standards, global navigation satellite systems, financial and other transaction time stamping, data and communication network synchronization, assured positions systems, and metrology
85.
Atomic clock with atom-trap enhanced oscillator regulation
A rubidium optical atomic clock uses a modulated 778 nanometer (nm) probe beam and its reflection to excite rubidium 87 atoms, some of which emit 758.8 nm fluorescence as they decay back to the ground state. A spectral filter rejects scatter of the 778 nm probe beams while transmitting the 775.8 nm fluorescence so that the latter can be detected with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Since the spectral filter is only acceptably effective at angles of incidence less than 8° from the perpendicular, the atoms are localized by a magneto-optical trap so that most of the atoms lie within a conical volume defined by the 8° angle so that the resulting fluorescence detection signal has a high signal-to-noise ratio. The fluorescence detection signal can be demodulated to provide an error signal from which desired adjustments to the oscillator frequency can be calculated.
G04F 5/14 - Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
A fluorescence detection process begins by localizing rubidium 87 atoms within an optical (all-optical or magneto-optical) trap so that at least most of the atoms in the trap are within a cone defined by an effective angle, e.g., 8°, of a spectral filter. Within the effective angle of incidence, the filter effectively rejects (reflects or absorbs) 778 nanometer (nm) fluorescence and effectively transmits 775.8 nm fluorescence. Any 775.8 nm fluorescence arrive outside the effective angle of incidence. Thus, using an optical trap to localize the atoms within the cone enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescence transmitted through the spectral filter and arriving a photomultiplier or other photodetector, resulting fluorescence detection signal with an enhanced S/N.
G04F 5/14 - Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
87.
Frequency modulation spectroscopy with localized fluorescence
A frequency-modulated spectrometry (FMS) output is used to stabilize an atomic clock by serving as an error signal to regulate the clock's oscillator frequency. Rubidium 87 atoms are localized within a hermetically sealed cell using an optical (e.g., magneto-optical) trap. The oscillator output is modulated by a sinusoidal radio frequency signal and the modulated signal is then frequency doubled to provide a modulated 788 nm probe signal. The probe signal excites the atoms, so they emit 775.8 nm fluorescence. A spectral filter is used to block 788 nm scatter from reaching a photodetector, but also blocks 775.8 nm fluorescence with an angle of incidence larger than 8° relative to a perpendicular to the spectral filter. The localized atoms lie within a conical volume defined by the 8° effective angle of incidence so an FMS output with a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained.
G04F 5/14 - Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
A monolithic break-seal includes a membrane that separates an outer ring from an inner ring. The inner ring is bonded to a vacuum cell and the outer ring is bonded to a vacuum interface. To protect against unintentional breakage of the membrane, a surface of the outer ring not bonded to the vacuum interface contacts the vacuum cell. An external vacuum system evacuates the vacuum cell through an aperture of the break-seal. Once a target vacuum level is reached for the vacuum cell, a cap is bonded to the inner ring, blocking the aperture and hermetically sealing the vacuum cell. The membrane is broken so that the hermetically sealed vacuum cell can be separated from the vacuum interface to which the outer ring remains bonded.
A pair of acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) is used to steer a pair of laser beams to address individual atoms of an array of atoms so that the beams can conditionally induce a 2-photon transition between the atom's quantum energy levels. The first beam is deflected into a +1 diffraction order, resulting in an AOD output beam with a frequency greater than that of the respective AOD input beam. The second beam is deflected into a −1 diffraction order so that the AOD output beam has a frequency less than that of the respective AOD input beam. The equal and opposite frequency changes compensate it other so that the sum of the output frequencies remains resonant with the transition of interest. Thus, AODs can be used to steer laser beams to address individual atoms of an atom array.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
G06N 10/20 - Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
G01R 29/08 - Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
An electromagnetic field detector including a vapor cell, an excitation system, and a frequency tuner is described. The vapor cell has a plurality of quantum particles therein. The excitation system excites the quantum particles to a first Rydberg state. The first Rydberg state has a transition to a second Rydberg state at a first frequency. The frequency tuner generates a tunable field in a portion of the vapor cell. The tunable field shifts the first Rydberg state and/or the second Rydberg state such that the transition to the second Rydberg state is at a second frequency different from the first frequency. The detection frequency range for the electromagnetic field detector is continuous and includes the first frequency and the second frequency.
An electromagnetic field detector including a vapor cell, an excitation system, and a frequency tuner is described. The vapor cell has a plurality of quantum particles therein. The excitation system excites the quantum particles to a first Rydberg state. The first Rydberg state has a transition to a second Rydberg state at a first frequency. The frequency tuner generates a tunable field in a portion of the vapor cell. The tunable field shifts the first Rydberg state and/or the second Rydberg state such that the transition to the second Rydberg state is at a second frequency different from the first frequency. The detection frequency range for the electromagnetic field detector is continuous and includes the first frequency and the second frequency.
e.g.e.g., cesium atoms, is formed using electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of different wavelengths (concurrently and/or at different times). "Red-detuned" EMR, having a trap wavelength longer than a resonant wavelength for a quantum particle is "attracting" and, so, can be used to form the array trap while loading atoms into the array trap. "Blue-detuned" EMR, having a trap wavelength shorter than the resonant wavelength can repel atoms into dark areas away from the EMR peaks so that the atoms are not disturbed by interference carried by the EMR; accordingly, the blue-detuned EMR is used to form the array trap during quantum-circuit execution. Red and blue detuned EMR are used together to form deeper traps that can be used to detect vacant atom sites. Other combinations of trap wavelengths can also be used.
e.g.e.g.e.g., alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms) ultra-high vacuum (UHV) cells to bond, ablate, and/or chemically modify vacuum-facing surfaces of the cell. The pulses are generated outside the cell and are transmitted through a vacuum-boundary wall. In one example, one vacuum-boundary wall is first contact bonded to other vacuum boundary walls at a relatively low temperature (below 200 °C), sufficient to form a temporary hermetic seal. Pulsed laser bonding is used to reinforce the contact bonds, correcting defects and generally increasing the robustness of the seal. The pulses provide high peak power to ensure strong bonds, but low total heat so as to avoid heat damage to nearby cell components and to limit quantum-particle sorbtion to and into cell walls.
A trap for quantum particles, e.g., cesium atoms, is formed using electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of different wavelengths (concurrently and/or at different times). “Red-detuned” EMR, having a trap wavelength longer than a resonant wavelength for a quantum particle is “attracting” and, so, can be used to form the array trap while loading atoms into the array trap. “Blue-detuned” EMR, having a trap wavelength shorter than the resonant wavelength can repel atoms into dark areas away from the EMR peaks so that the atoms are not disturbed by interference carried by the EMR; accordingly, the blue-detuned EMR is used to form the array trap during quantum-circuit execution. Red and blue detuned EMR are used together to form deeper traps that can be used to detect vacant atom sites. Other combinations of trap wavelengths can also be used.
A vacuum cell is described. The vacuum cell includes an inner chamber, a buffer channel, and a buffer ion pump. The buffer channel is fluidically isolated from the inner chamber and fluidically isolated from an ambient external to the vacuum cell. The buffer ion pump is fluidically coupled to the buffer channel and fluidically isolated from the ambient and the inner chamber.
H01J 41/12 - Discharge tubes for evacuating by diffusion of ions, e.g. ion pumps, getter ion pumps
F04B 37/04 - Selection of specific absorption or adsorption materials
F04B 37/14 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for special use to obtain high vacuum
F04B 15/08 - Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
96.
Pulsed-laser modification of quantum-particle cells
A pulsed-laser applies short (e.g., less than 10 pico-seconds) pulses to modify quantum particle (e.g., alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms) ultra-high vacuum (UHV) cells to bond, ablate, and/or chemically modify vacuum-facing surfaces of the cell. The pulses are generated outside the cell and are transmitted through a vacuum-boundary wall. In one example, one vacuum-boundary wall is first contact bonded to other vacuum boundary walls at a relatively low temperature (below 200° C.), sufficient to form a temporary hermetic seal. Pulsed laser bonding is used to reinforce the contact bonds, correcting defects and generally increasing the robustness of the seal. The pulses provide high peak power to ensure strong bonds, but low total heat so as to avoid heat damage to nearby cell components and to limit quantum-particle sorbtion to and into cell walls.
A trap for quantum particles, e.g., cesium atoms, is formed using electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of different wavelengths (concurrently and/or at different times). “Red-detuned” EMR, having a trap wavelength longer than a resonant wavelength for a quantum particle is “attracting” and, so, can be used to form the array trap while loading atoms into the array trap. “Blue-detuned” EMR, having a trap wavelength shorter than the resonant wavelength can repel atoms into dark areas away from the EMR peaks so that the atoms are not disturbed by interference carried by the EMR; accordingly, the blue-detuned EMR is used to form the array trap during quantum-circuit execution. Red and blue detuned EMR are used together to form deeper traps that can be used to detect vacant atom sites. Other combinations of trap wavelengths can also be used.
G06N 10/00 - Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
H01S 5/343 - Structure or shape of the active regionMaterials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser
98.
VACUUM CELL CONFIGURED FOR REDUCED INNER CHAMBER HELIUM PERMEATION
A vacuum cell is described. The vacuum cell includes an inner chamber, a buffer channel, and a buffer ion pump. The buffer channel is fluidically isolated from the inner chamber and fluidically isolated from an ambient external to the vacuum cell. The buffer ion pump is fluidically coupled to the buffer channel and fluidically isolated from the ambient and the inner chamber.
A BEC-station and a cloud-based server cooperate to provide Bose-Einstein condensates as a service (BECaaS). The BEC station serves as a system for implementing “recipes” for producing, manipulating, and/or using cold (<1 mK) a BEC, e.g., of cold Rubidium 87 atoms. The cloud-based server acts as an interface between the station (or stations) and authorized users of account holders. To this end the server hosts an account manager and a session manager. The account manager manages accounts and associated account-based and user-specific permissions that define what actions any given authorized user for an account may perform with respect to a BEC station. The session manager controls (in some cases real-time) interactions between a user and a BEC station, some interactions allowing a user to select a recipe based on results returned earlier in the same session.
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
A shaken-lattice station and a cloud-based server cooperate to provide shaken lattices as a service (SLaaS). The shaken-lattice station serves as a system for implementing “recipes” for creating and using shaking functions to be applied to light used to trap quantum particles. The cloud-based server acts as an interface between the shaken-lattice station (or stations) and authorized users of account holders. To this end the server hosts an account manager and a session manager. The account manager manages accounts and associated account-based and user-specific permissions that define what actions any given authorized user for an account may perform with respect to a shaken-lattice station. The session manager controls (e.g., in real-time) interactions between a user and a shaken-lattice station, some interactions allowing a user to select a recipe based on results returned earlier in the same session.
