Apparatus and process for producing hydrocarbons from biomass having a pyrolysis reactor (2) in which dry biomass (Bd) is heated in an environment substantially free from oxygen and halogens, a pyrolysis product (PP) and char (C) is produced, a gasification reactor (3) in which separated char (C) is heated in an environment containing steam (Wst) to reduce the char (C) to produce a synthesis gas (Sh), a gas cooler (4) in which the produced synthesis gas (Sh) is cooled to a cooled synthesis gas (Srt); a conditioning and pressure system (5) in which cooled synthesis gas (Srt) is refined to produce a purified synthesis gas (Sp), and a separation device (6) in which hydrogen gas (H2) is separated from purified synthesis gas (Sp). A hydrogenation device (7) into which pyrolysis oil (PO) retrieved from the pyrolysis product (PP) and separated hydrogen gas (H2) recuperated from the separation device (6) are introduced for hydrogenation in which pyrolysis oil (PO) is hydrogenated by the presence of hydrogen gas (H2), and hydrocarbons (BO) that are substantially free from oxygen are produced.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matterApparatus therefor
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10K 1/04 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
2.
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR HYDROTREATMENT OF PYROLYSIS OIL
An apparatus and process are disclosed for producing hydrocarbons from biomass, the apparatus comprising: a pyrolysis reactor (2) in which dry biomass (Bd) is heated in an environment substantially free from oxygen and halogens, wherein a pyrolysis product (PP) and char (C) is produced; a gasification reactor (3) in which the separated char (C) is heated in an environment containing steam (Wst) so as to reduce said char (C) to produce a synthesis gas (Sh), a gas cooler (4) in which the produced synthesis gas (Sh) is cooled to a cooled synthesis gas (Srt); a conditioning and pressure system (5), in which the cooled synthesis gas (Srt) is refined so as to produce a purified synthesis gas (Sp); a separation device (6), in which hydrogen gas (H2) is separated from the purified synthesis gas (Sp).The apparatus also comprises a hydrogenation device (7), into which pyrolysis oil (PO) retrieved from the pyrolysis product (PP), and at least a portion of the separated hydrogen gas (H2) recuperated from the separation device (6) are introduced for a hydrogenation step, in which the pyrolysis oil (PO) is hydrogenated by the presence of the hydrogen gas (H2), wherein hydrocarbons (BO) that are substantially free from oxygen are produced.
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
3.
Method and equipment for producing coke during indirectly heated gasification
Method and equipment for producing coke (PC) during indirectly heated gasification, in which coal particles are supplied to a gasification reactor (1) and process gas (P) supplied during the gasification is reduced in it to synthesis gas (S), whereby the synthesis gas (S) is removed from the gasification reactor (1). The method is distinguished in that at the same time a gasification takes place, a coking of coal takes place in an inner reactor (4) arranged inside the gasification reactor (1), that the inner reactor (4) is indirectly heated, that coke (PC) and combustible gases are produced in the inner reactor (4) during the coking, and that the combustible gases are used for the indirect heating in the gasification in the gasification reactor (1).
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10B 21/00 - Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
C10B 47/18 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
2O) that are cooled in the first or second heat exchanging means (7, 9; 15), means (11) to supply a process gas (P) from the gas purification unit (10) to the first heat exchanging means (7, 9), and a reduction shaft (12) to carry out reduction of the process gas (P) discharged from the first heat exchanging means (7, 9).
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
C01B 6/24 - Hydrides containing at least two metals, e.g. Li(AlH4)Addition complexes thereof
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
5.
Method and device for carbon injection and recirculation of synthesis gas when producing synthesis gas
Method and device for introducing pulverulent material (C) into a gasification reactor (2), wherein a process gas (P) supplied to a gasification reactor (2) is reduced to a synthesis gas (S) by the pulverulent material (C) and the pulverulent material (C) is introduced into the gasification reactor (2) via an inlet area, a negative pressure being generated in the inlet area for the pulverulent material (C) via a Laval nozzle (15) and the negative pressure being generated in that the process gas (P) passes through the Laval nozzle (15). The method is characterized in that the process gas (P) expands in a gasification space (5) in the gasification reactor (2).
The present invention relates to a method for producing coke (PC) during indirectly heated gasification, in which coal particles are supplied to a gasification reactor (1) and process gas (P) supplied during the gasification is reduced in it to synthesis gas (S), whereby the synthesis gas (S) is removed from the gasification reactor (1). The invention also relates to equipment for carrying out the method. The method in accordance with the present invention is distinguished in that at the same time a gasification takes place, a coking of coal takes place in an inner reactor (4) arranged inside the gasification reactor (1), that the inner reactor (4) is indirectly heated, that coke (PC) and combustible gases are produced in the inner reactor (4) during the coking, and that the combustible gases are used for the indirect heating in the gasification in the gasification reactor (1).
This invention relates to a method of introducing pulverulent material (C) into a gasification reactor (2), wherein a process gas (P) supplied to a gasification reactor (2) is reduced to a synthesis gas (S) by the pulverulent material (C) and the pulverulent material (C) is introduced into the gasification reactor (2) via an inlet area, a negative pressure being generated in the inlet area for the pulverulent material (C) via a Laval nozzle (15) and the negative pressure being generated in that the process gas (P) passes through the Laval nozzle (15). The invention also relates to a device for introducing pulverulent material (C) into a gasification reactor (2). The method according to this invention is characterised in that the process gas (P) expands in a gasification space (5) in the gasification reactor (2).
2O) from the gasification stage to a first heat exchange, wherein the outgoing gases are cooled; evaporating water with heat from outgoing gases; subjecting the steam to heat exchange wherein the steam is heated; reducing the steam to synthesis gas, wherein the synthesis gas is cooled and the air supply to the gasification is heated; separating the synthesis gas into a hydrogen stream and a carbon monoxide stream; reacting the carbon monoxide with water steam to carbon monoxide and hydrogen; separating also these secondary streams into a hydrogen stream and a carbon monoxide stream; and bringing together the primary and secondary hydrogen stream into a product stream.
C10J 3/46 - Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels in suspension
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C01B 6/24 - Hydrides containing at least two metals, e.g. Li(AlH4)Addition complexes thereof
C10J 3/62 - Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
C10J 3/80 - Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A method and equipment for producing synthesis gas (S) from solid carbon particles (C), the carbon particles (C) being obtained by pyrolysis, gasification of the carbon particles (C) occurs by indirect heating of the carbon particles (C) in the presence of a process gas (P) in the same space where the carbon particles (C) are present, and the synthesis gas (S) generated during the gasification is discharged from the space. The method is characterised in that the carbon particles (C) and the process gas (P) are located in a reactor (1), and the indirect heating occurs by way of radiant heat from burners (Br1-Brn) located in the reactor (1).
C10J 3/10 - Continuous processes using external heating
C10J 3/58 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
10.
Process and equipment for producing synthesis gas from biomass
2O), subjecting the process gas (P) to heat exchange, where the process gas (P) is heated, reducing the process gas (P) to synthesis gas (S), subjecting the synthesis gas (S) to heat exchange, where the synthesis gas (S) is cooled and supply air to the gasification is heated.
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
C01B 6/24 - Hydrides containing at least two metals, e.g. Li(AlH4)Addition complexes thereof
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
11.
METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN GAS UTILIZING BIOMASS
The present invention concerns a method for producing hydrogen from biomass, wherein said method comprises the stages of drying of the biomass, gasification of the biomass, and water gas shift reaction. The invention also concerns a equipment for conducting the method of the present invention. It is essential to the present invention that the method comprises the additional stages: of subjecting the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) from the gasification stage to a first heat exchange, wherein the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) are cooled, of evaporating water with heat from outgoing gases, of subjecting the steam to heat exchange wherein the steam is heated, of reducing the steam to synthesis gas (S), wherein the synthesis gas (S) is cooled and the air supply to the gasification is heated, of separating the synthesis gas (S) into a hydrogen stream and a carbon monoxide stream, of reacting the carbon monoxide with water steam to carbon monoxide and hydrogen, of separating also these secondary streams into a hydrogen stream and a carbon monoxide stream, and of bringing together the primary and secondary hydrogen stream into a product stream.
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
The present invention deals with a method for producing synthesis gas (S) from solid carbon particles (C), said carbon particles (C) being obtained by pyrolysis, gasification of the carbon particles (C) occurs by indirect heating of the carbon particles (C) in presence of a process gas (P) in the same space where the carbon particles (C) are present, and the synthesis gas (S) generated during the gasification is discharged from said space. The invention also deals with an equipment for producing synthesis gas. The method of the present invention is characterised in that the carbon particles (C) and the process gas (P) are located in a reactor (1), and the indirect heating occurs by means of radiant heat from burners (Brl-Brn) located in the reactor (1).
The present invention relates to a process for producing synthesis gas (S) from biomass, said process comprising the steps of drying the biomass and gasifying the biomass. The invention also relates to an equipment to carry out the process according to the present invention. It is significant of the present invention that the process comprises the further steps: subjecting the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) from the gasifying step to a first heat exchange, where the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) are cooled, purifying the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) to achieve a process gas (P), said purification being effected by eliminating nitrogen (N2) from the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O), subjecting the process gas (P) to heat exchange, where the process gas (P) is heated, reducing the process gas (P) to synthesis gas (S), subjecting the synthesis gas (S) to heat exchange, where the synthesis gas (S) is cooled and supply air to the gasification is heated.
C10J 3/58 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
The present invention relates to a process for producing synthesis gas (S) from biomass, said process comprising the steps of drying the biomass and gasifying the biomass. The invention also relates to an equipment to carry out the process according to the present invention. It is significant of the present invention that the process comprises the further steps: subjecting the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) from the gasifying step to a first heat exchange, where the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) are cooled, purifying the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) to achieve a process gas (P), said purification being effected by eliminating nitrogen (N2) from the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O), subjecting the process gas (P) to heat exchange, where the process gas (P) is heated, reducing the process gas (P) to synthesis gas (S), subjecting the synthesis gas (S) to heat exchange, where the synthesis gas (S) is cooled and supply air to the gasification is heated.
C10J 3/58 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
15.
METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING COKE DURING INDIRECTLY HEATED GASIFICATION
The present invention relates to a method for producing coke (PC) during indirectly heated gasification, in which coal particles are supplied to a gasification reactor (1) and process gas (P) supplied during the gasification is reduced in it to synthesis gas (S), whereby the synthesis gas (S) is removed from the gasification reactor (1). The invention also relates to equipment for carrying out the method. The method in accordance with the present invention is distinguished in that at the same time a gasification takes place, a coking of coal takes place in an inner reactor (4) arranged inside the gasification reactor (1), that the inner reactor (4) is indirectly heated, that coke (PC) and combustible gases are produced in the inner reactor (4) during the coking, and that the combustible gases are used for the indirect heating in the gasification in the gasification reactor (1).
An apparatus and process are disclosed for producing hydrocarbons frombiomass, the apparatus comprising: a pyrolysis reactor (2) in which dry biomass (Bd) is heated in an environment substantially free from oxygen and halogens, wherein a pyrolysis product (PP) and char (C) is produced; a gasification reactor (3) in which the separated char (C) is heated in an environment containing steam (Wst) so as to reduce said char (C) to produce a synthesis gas (Sh), a gas cooler (4) in which the produced synthesis gas (Sh) is cooled to a cooled synthesis gas (Srt); a conditioning and pressure system (5), in which the cooled synthesis gas (Srt) is refined so as to produce a purified synthesis gas (Sp); a separation device (6), in which hydrogen gas (H2) is separated from the purified synthesis gas (Sp).The apparatus also comprises a hydrogenation device (7), into which pyrolysis oil (PO) retrieved from the pyrolysis product (PP), and at least a portion of the separated hydrogen gas (H2) recuperated from the separation device (6) are introduced for a hydrogenation step, in which the pyrolysis oil (PO) is hydrogenated by the presence of the hydrogen gas (H2), wherein hydrocarbons (BO) that are substantially free from oxygen are produced.
C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
17.
METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN GAS UTILIZING BIOMASS
The present invention concerns a method for producing hydrogen from biomass, wherein said method comprises the stages of drying of the biomass, gasification of the biomass, and water gas shift reaction. The invention also concerns a equipment for conducting the method of the present invention. It is essential to the present invention that the method comprises the additional stages: of subjecting the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) from the gasification stage to a first heat exchange, wherein the outgoing gases (CO2, N2 and H2O) are cooled, of evaporating water with heat from outgoing gases, of subjecting the steam to heat exchange wherein the steam is heated, of reducing the steam to synthesis gas (S), wherein the synthesis gas (S) is cooled and the air supply to the gasification is heated, of separating the synthesis gas (S) into a hydrogen stream and a carbon monoxide stream, of reacting the carbon monoxide with water steam to carbon monoxide and hydrogen, of separating also these secondary streams into a hydrogen stream and a carbon monoxide stream, and of bringing together the primary and secondary hydrogen stream into a product stream.
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
The present invention deals with a method for producing synthesis gas (S) from solid carbon particles (C), said carbon particles (C) being obtained by pyrolysis, gasification of the carbon particles (C) occurs by indirect heating of the carbon particles (C) in presence of a process gas (P) in the same space where the carbon particles (C) are present, and the synthesis gas (S) generated during the gasification is discharged from said space. The invention also deals with an equipment for producing synthesis gas. The method of the present invention is characterised in that the carbon particles (C) and the process gas (P) are located in a reactor (1), and the indirect heating occurs by means of radiant heat from burners (Br1-Brn) located in the reactor (1).
This invention relates to a method of introducing pulverulent material (C) into a gasification reactor (2), wherein a process gas (P) supplied to a gasification reactor (2) is reduced to a synthesis gas (S) by the pulverulent material (C) and the pulverulent material (C) is introduced into the gasification reactor (2) via an inlet area, a negative pressure being generated in the inlet area for the pulverulent material (C) via a Laval nozzle (15) and the negative pressure being generated in that the process gas (P) passes through the Laval nozzle (15). The invention also relates to a device for introducing pulverulent material (C) into a gasification reactor (2). The method according to this invention is characterised in that the process gas (P) expands in a gasification space (5) in the gasification reactor (2).
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