111100 00, wherein the coupler comprises a dielectric mirror of substantially elliptical shape located such that its center approximately coincides with said intersection point.
An NMR probe for insertion into an NMR magnet from below is disclosed that includes multiple counterflow heat exchangers to enable a wide range of NMR methods at ultra low temperatures, including MAS DNP at temperatures below 15 K. Coolant fluid is ducted from the bottom of the probe through a vacuum insulated transfer line up into the probehead, the region containing the sample and sample coil, where it splits into first and second coolant streams for cooling first and second spin-gas streams, each through a cold counterflow exchanger and at least one cool counterflow exchanger contained within the probe.
The cold exchangers would each preferably comprise two straight continuously joined tubes inside a dewared tube that extends from a vacuum chamber in the base of the probe up into the probehead. These cold exchangers are denoted as Dual Inner Tube Exchangers (DITEs). The cool exchanger is preferably a coil of two parallel continuously thermally joined tubes, and it is denoted as a Parallel Tube Recuperator (PTR).
The first coolant-stream in the probehead feeds into the top of DITE-1, through which the first coolant stream flows downward, providing final cooling to the first spin gas stream which is flowing upward past it into the probehead. The first coolant stream leaving the bottom end of DITE-1 then enters the cooler end of a first PTR in an evacuated chamber in the base of the probe and proceeds through the first PTR to its warmer end in counter-current to the first spin gas stream which had entered at the warmer end of first PTR, exited at its cooler end, and proceeded into the bottom end of DITE-1. An additional PTR may be series connected to the first PTR to further improve the overall effectiveness of heat transfer from first spin gas stream to the first coolant stream.
In like manner, the second coolant stream cools a second spin gas stream.
The exchangers are designed to permit fast MAS at temperatures below 15 K when the probe is supplied with room-temperature helium spin gas streams at commonly used pressures and a helium coolant stream at less than 170 kPa from a standard portable helium cryostat. Liquid helium usage rate is typically in the 2-12 L/hr range, depending on the spinning rate and sample temperature. Both the spin gases and the coolant fluid are fully recoverable without contamination for recycling using the standard helium recycling methods and equipment (with minor upgrades) commonly found in many NMR laboratories.
A large nuclear-powered ship, such as a repurposed aircraft carrier or a large cargo ship, is outfitted with a plurality of large downward-directed subsurface mixer propellers secured on its sides and/or ends. The propellers are positioned below the bottom of the ship and have blade lengths in the range of 10-60 m. They are coupled to the ship's steam turbines by drive shafts and gearing compatible with the required propeller power and rotational rates, typically 25-150 MW per mixer propeller and with blade tip speeds typically around 40 m/s. They produce a large-diameter low-velocity downward plume of surface sea waters below the ship that induces upwelling of cold nutrient-rich deep waters in areas where the cyclone genesis index is high. The downward mass-flow magnitude (typically 3-30 times the flow rate over Niagara Falls, but at only a few m/s) is on the scale needed for a small number of such ships to essentially end cyclone genesis in the Atlantic. At the same time, the induced upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters is expected to lead to the newly mixed areas becoming highly productive fishing areas.
A ULT NMR probe is disclosed that comprises: a probehead for containing a sample and a sample coil near the center of field; a probe base at the end of the probe opposite the probehead comprising a vacuum chamber and multiple connections to fluid lines; a probe body between the probehead and the base; a counterflow first exchanger extending from the probehead through the body for cooling of a first spin gas, the first exchanger comprising first exchanger coolant inlet and first exchanger spin gas outlet located in the probehead; a coolant dewared line for ducting source coolant stream from the base into the probehead for distribution into the first coolant inlet; a counterflow second exchanger in the vacuum chamber, the probe characterized in that the first and second exchangers are series connected in the vacuum chamber; and an rf coil being in communication with fluid from the first spin gas outlet.
Terahertz waveguide comprising an outer copper layer laminated with an inner dielectric layer to form a rolled guide tube which is encased by a support tube
An overmoded dielectric-lined waveguide, particularly for the 0.03 to 3 terahertz frequency range, is disclosed with performance advantages relative to prior dielectric-lined waveguides, cost and size advantages relative to corrugated waveguides, and with coupling, bandwidth, and cost advantages relative to micro-structured-fiber waveguides. It comprises a single-clad flexible microwave laminate rolled into a cylinder with its copper surface outward and its dielectric surface facing inward. The rolled laminate is supported inside a metal tube. The same method of achieving the structure needed for efficient guiding of HE11 mode may be applied to a conical tube to make a low-cost efficient overmoded tapered waveguide transition for the 0.03-3 THz range.
A large nuclear-powered ship, such as a repurposed aircraft carrier or a large cargo ship, is outfitted with a plurality of large downward-directed subsurface mixer propellers secured on its sides and/or ends. The propellers are positioned below the bottom of the ship and have blade lengths in the range of 10-60 m. They are coupled to the ship's steam turbines by drive shafts and gearing compatible with the required propeller power and rotational rates, typically 25-150 MW per mixer propeller and with blade tip speeds typically around 40 m/s. They produce a large-diameter low-velocity downward plume of surface sea waters below the ship that induces upwelling of cold nutrient-rich deep waters in areas where the cyclone genesis index is high. The downward mass-flow magnitude (typically 3-30 times the flow rate over Niagara Falls, but at only a few m/s) is on the scale needed for a small number of such ships to essentially end cyclone genesis in the Atlantic. At the same time, the induced upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters is expected to lead to the newly mixed areas becoming highly productive fishing areas.
A tunable millimeter-wave (mmw) DNP probe head is disclosed that is compatible with efficient H/X/Y/e- DNP in samples that may have volume large compared toλ03, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at the frequency ƒe of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) when placed in an external polarizing field B0, where B0 is typically in the range of 6.5 T to 35 T, corresponding to ƒe in the range of 180-1000 GHz, and corresponding to proton resonance frequency ƒH in the range of 280 MHz to 1500 MHz. The probe head comprises a tune cavity of adjustable volume, a sample cavity that is large compared to the sample wavelength, a tapered conical feed transition filled with a high dielectric material at the small end, and a selectively reflective wall that is substantially reflective of electromagnetic radiation at ƒe but substantially transparent to electromagnetic radiation at ƒH.
G01R 33/28 - Details of apparatus provided for in groups
G01N 24/08 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
9.
Stabilizing control of a saturated cold gas stream
2 liquid fraction to an instrument requiring such is disclosed. Pressurized ultra-dry nitrogen gas of a controlled mass-flow rate is cooled inside fine coils bathed in liquid nitrogen to condense it to a vapor fraction less than about 20% and typically under 3%. A second gas stream consisting of predominately nitrogen plus helium, supplied from a controlled pressure, is cooled in a separate set of coils to an exit mean temperature significantly above the temperature of saturated nitrogen vapor in this mixture. The fluid from the first (condensed) mixture is injected into the cooled gas from the second mixture and transferred through a thermally insulated line to the input of the instrument needing a supply of cold gas of a target vapor fraction.
F25B 19/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
F17C 13/00 - Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
F25D 3/10 - Devices using other cold materialsDevices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
F17C 7/04 - Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
F17D 1/04 - Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas
F17D 1/08 - Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
An improved method of supplying pressurized cold gas consistently of predominately N2 and He at low flow rate (typically under 1 g/s) with a desired N2 liquid fraction to an instrument requiring such is disclosed. Pressurized ultra-dry nitrogen gas of a controlled mass-flow rate is cooled inside fine coils bathed in liquid nitrogen to condense it to a vapor fraction less than about 20% and typically under 3%. A second gas stream consisting of predominately nitrogen plus helium, supplied from a controlled pressure, is cooled in a separate set of coils to an exit mean temperature significantly above the temperature of saturated nitrogen vapor in this mixture. The fluid from the first (condensed) mixture is injected into the cooled gas from the second mixture and transferred through a thermally insulated line to the input of the instrument needing a supply of cold gas of a target vapor fraction.
39 - Transport, packaging, storage and travel services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Providing information on chemical storage of energy via a
website; providing information on chemical storage of energy
derived from wind power via a website. Providing a web site featuring information on chemical
engineering; providing a web site featuring information on
chemical engineering methods for recycling of CO2 into
transportation fuels.
39 - Transport, packaging, storage and travel services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Providing a web site featuring information on chemical storage of energy; providing a web site featuring information on chemical storage of energy derived from wind power; providing a web site featuring information on chemical engineering; providing a web site featuring information on chemical engineering methods for recycling of CO2 into transportation fuels.
13.
COMPACT, HIGH-EFFECTIVENESS, GAS-TO-GAS COMPOUND RECUPERATOR WITH LIQUID INTERMEDIARY
A liquid-loop compound recuperator is disclosed for high-e heat exchange between a first shell-side fluid stream and a second shell-side fluid stream of similar thermal capacity rates (W/K). The compound recuperator is comprised of at least two fluid-to-liquid (FL) recuperator modules for transfer of heat from a shell-side fluid, usually a gas, to an intermediary tube-side heat transfer liquid (HTL). Each FL module includes a plurality of thermally isolated, serially connected, adjacent exchanger cores inside a pressure vessel. The cores are rows of finned tubes for cross-flow transfer of heat, and they are arranged in series to effectively achieve counterflow exchange between the HTL and the shell-side stream. The HTL may be water, an organic liquid, a molten alloy, or a molten salt.
In a dual-source organic Rankine cycle (DORC), the condensed and slightly sub-cooled working fluid at near ambient temperature (~300 K) and at low-side pressure (0.1 to 0.7 MPa) is (1) pumped to high-side pressure (0.5-5 MPa), (2) pre-heated in a low-temperature (LT) recuperator, (3) boiled using a low-grade heat source, (4) super-heated in a high-temperature (HT) recuperator to a temperature close to the expander turbine exhaust temperature using this exhaust vapor enthalpy, (5) further super-heated to the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) using a mid-grade heat source, (6) expanded through a turbine expander to the low-side pressure, (7) cooled through the HT recuperator, (8) cooled through the LT recuperator, (9) mostly liquefied and slightly subcooled in a condenser, and (10) the condensed portion is returned to the pump to repeat this cycle.
A Renewable Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (RFTS) process produces hydrocarbons and alcohol fuels from wind energy, waste CO2 and water. The process includes (A) electrolyzing water to generate hydrogen and oxygen, (B) generating syngas in a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactor, (C) driving the RWGS reaction to the right by condensing water from the RWGS products and separating CO using a CuAlCl4-aromatic complexing method, (D) using a compressor with variable stator nozzles, (E) carrying out the FTS reactions in a high-temperature multi-tubular reactor, (F) separating the FTS products using high-pressure fractional condensation, (G) separating CO2 from product streams for recycling through the RWGS reactor, and (H) using control methods to maintain temperatures of the reactors, electrolyzer, and condensers at optima that are functions of the flow rate. The RFTS process may also include heat engines, a refrigeration cycle utilizing compressed oxygen, and a dual-source organic Rankine cycle.
C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
C07C 27/06 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds by hydrogenation of oxides of carbon
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
16.
IMPROVED NMR CRYOMAS PROBE FOR HIGH-FIELD WIDE-BORE MAGNETS
All critical circuit components, including the sample coils, are located along with the spinner assembly in a region that may be evacuated to high vacuum for thermal insulation and high-voltage operation. A hermetically sealed spinner assembly simultaneously satisfies the requirements of hermeticity, low total emissivity, rf compatibility, spinning performance, magnetic compatibility, and high filling factor by utilizing metal construction except for the central region near the rf sample coils. Hence, it is possible to maintain high vacuum in the region external to the MAS spinner assembly even over a broad range of bearing and drive gas temperatures. A bundle of optical fibers is provided for tachometry for spin rates up to 60 kHz. The use of alumina disc capacitors allows the noise contributions from the most critical capacitors to be reduced to a minor fraction of the total and simplifies high voltage operation.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Electrical and scientific apparatus, namely, magic angle spinning probes, high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance probes, [ double rotation probes, ] variable angle spinning probes, switched angle spinning probes, [ dynamic angle spinning probes, ] radio frequency coils for imaging, gradient coils, extended temperature probes, triple-tuned probes, wideline probes, spin rate detection and control equipment for nuclear magnetic resonance, temperature control equipment for nuclear magnetic resonance, [ radio frequency equipment for nuclear magnetic resonance, ] [susceptibilty-matched sample plugs,] and spinner equipment for nuclear magnetic resonance
