23222) at the interface of the aqueous saline solution with the cathode. Hydroxyl (·OH) radicals are then generated from the hydrogen peroxide. In another method, where the bubbles may or may not be small, the anode comprises a manganese-based oxide. The hydroxyl radicals can be used to break down organic pollutants via oxidation.
A serial filtration system for liquid purification includes a preliminary-stage reverse-osmosis (RO) module and a first-stage, high-permeability, reverse-osmosis (HiRO) module. Both modules include (a) a chamber including an inlet, a retentate outlet, and a permeate outlet, and (b) at least one membrane separating the chamber into a retentate side on an upstream side of the membrane and a permeate side on a downstream side of the membrane. The membrane in the preliminary stage is an RO membrane, while the membrane in the first stage is an oxidized membrane. The first-stage inlet is in fluid communication with the preliminary-stage, retentate outlet; and the oxidized membrane in the first stage, comprises an oxidized polyamide active layer coated on a porous support, wherein the oxidized polyamide active layer has an atomic oxygen/nitrogen ratio of at least 1.5.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemicals for use in waste water treatment, membrane
cleaning chemicals for water treatment in the nature of
waste water treatment chemicals for industrial use.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemicals for use in waste water treatment; membrane
cleaning chemicals for water treatment in the nature of
waste water treatment chemicals for industrial use.
e.g.e.g., sulfur) is concentrated from a feed liquid by passing the feed liquid into a first reverse-osmosis module of a first reverse-osmosis assembly, where the feed liquid is separated with a membrane to produce a permeate and a concentrate solution. In a de-supersaturation module, dissolved components are precipitated from the concentrate solution to produce solid precipitates and a de-supersaturated concentrate solution, which is passed to a second reverse-osmosis assembly, where the de-supersaturated concentrate solution is separated with a membrane to produce a permeate and a concentrated brine. In a polishing module, the permeates from the first and second reverse-osmosis assemblies are further purified to produce a polished permeate and a concentrate solution that is recycled back to the retentate side of the first reverse-osmosis module of the first reverse-osmosis assembly where it mixes with the feed liquid, and the polished permeate is extracted from the polishing module.
PFAS removal and separation services from water, wastewater, and landfill leachate; environmental decontamination services; environmental cleanup equipment comprising membranes, fractionation columns, resins, activated carbon media, electrodes and reactors for oxidation, plasma reactors, and combustion systems
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
PFAS removal and elimination services through oxidation, advanced oxidation, plasma, and combustion; environmental decontamination services; PFAS removal and elimination equipment comprising electrodes and reactors for electrodes and reactors for oxidation, plasma reactors, and combustion systems
PFAS removal and separation services from water, wastewater, and landfill leachate; environmental decontamination services; environmental cleanup equipment comprising membranes, fractionation columns, resins, activated carbon media, electrodes and reactors for oxidation, plasma reactors, and combustion systems
PFAS removal and separation services from water, wastewater, and landfill leachate; environmental decontamination services; environmental cleanup equipment comprising membranes, fractionation columns, resins, activated carbon media, electrodes and reactors for oxidation, plasma reactors, and combustion systems
14.
LITHIUM RECOVERY FROM LIQUID STREAMS USING SOLUTE-PERMEABLE MEMBRANES
Methods and systems directed to recovery of lithium (e.g., lithium salts) from liquid streams are provided. In some embodiments, methods relate to obtaining lithium (e.g., as a solid lithium salt) by removing at least a portion of liquid from a feed stream to form a concentrated stream with respect to solubilized lithium cations. Liquid removal may include transporting at least a portion of the feed stream to a membrane separator and/or a humidifier. Some methods include removing impurities (e.g., non-lithium cations) from the concentrated stream (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization). In some embodiments, solutions containing solubilized lithium cations and anions are electrochemically-treated such that first solubilized anions are replaced with second, different anions. In some embodiments, solid lithium salt containing at least a portion of the lithium cations and the second anions is obtained (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization following concentration of the electrochemically-treated solution in a humidifier).
Liquid solution separation (e.g., concentration and/or desalination) methods and related systems involving membrane separators having at least one-semipermeable membrane are provided. In some instances, at least some of the membrane separators permit a portion of solute in a retentate side input stream to pass through the semi-permeable membrane. In some instances, multiple membrane separators are employed, with the membrane separators having different solute permeabilities (e.g., due to varying pore size and/or molecular weight cutoffs). The methods and systems may be configured such that the ratio of mass flow and/or concentration of solute entering the retentate sides of the membrane separators are relatively high compared to the mass flow and/or concentration of solute exiting the retentate sides of the membrane separators. Such ratios may be relatively high for some or all membrane separators employed, which can in some instances reduce capital and/or operational expenditures for the liquid separation processes.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software for management, monitoring,
controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment
plants. Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and
thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the
nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised
primarily of one or more of the following pieces of
equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering
water, clarifiers, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers,
dehumidifiers; water treatment apparatus, namely, oxidation
and disinfection machines for use in treatment of liquids in
the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and oxidation systems comprised primarily of one
or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely,
reactors, bubble diffusers, electrodes, voltage control
systems; water treatment and desalination equipment, namely,
water filtration units, membrane desalination units, and
reverse osmosis units. Water and waste water treatment services; liquid
concentration services, namely, water purification; waste
treatment [transformation]; electro-oxidation as a water and
waste water treatment and purification service. Providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software
for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and
reporting for water treatment plants.
17.
Strong Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Saline Desalination and Water Treatment
A thin-film-composite hollow-fiber membrane includes a phase-inversion layer, which is in the form of a hollow fiber, and an active layer coated on the phase-inversion layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The thin-film-composite hollow-fiber membrane can have an internal burst pressure of at least 4 MPa. In a method for forming the membrane, the polymer concentration in the spinning dope from which the hollow-fiber substrate is formed can have a polymer concentration no greater than 5% below the critical concentration.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
Example embodiments relate generally to managing wastewater. The system includes a treatment assembly. The treatment assembly includes a main housing. The main housing is configured to receive and house wastewater. The treatment assembly also includes an antiscalant and polymer dispersant source. The antiscalant and polymer dispersant source is connected to the main housing. The antiscalant and polymer dispersant source is configured to selectively provide an antiscalant and/or polymer dispersant into the wastewater housed in the main housing so as to arrive at a pre-treated wastewater. The system also includes a membrane filtration assembly. The membrane filtration assembly includes at least one of the following: a nanofiltration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane. The at least one of the nanofiltration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane are configured to receive the pre- treated wastewater from the treatment assembly and separate the pre-treated wastewater into a first reject and first permeate.
Systems and methods for treating an aqueous effluent, and more specifically, to systems and methods for treating an aqueous effluent containing isopropyl alcohol. The system includes an inlet configured to receive an aqueous effluent. The system further includes a filtration assembly to filter the impurities from the aqueous effluent. The system also includes a cooling assembly to reduce the temperature of the filtered aqueous effluent.
Liquid solution separation (e.g., concentration and/or desalination) methods and related systems involving membrane separators having at least one-semipermeable membrane are provided. In some instances, at least some of the membrane separators permit a portion of solute in a retentate side input stream to pass through the semi- permeable membrane. In some instances, multiple membrane separators are employed, with the membrane separators having different solute permeabilities (e.g., due to varying pore size and/or molecular weight cutoffs). The methods and systems may be configured such that the ratio of mass flow and/or concentration of solute entering the retentate sides of the membrane separators are relatively high compared to the mass flow and/or concentration of solute exiting the retentate sides of the membrane separators. Such ratios may be relatively high for some or all membrane separators employed, which can in some instances reduce capital and/or operational expenditures for the liquid separation processes.
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01D 63/00 - Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
03 - Cosmetics and toiletries; cleaning, bleaching, polishing and abrasive preparations
Goods & Services
chemicals for use in waste water treatment; waste water treatment chemicals for industrial use, namely, membrane filter cleaning chemicals for water treatment chemical cleaners directed to the waste water treatment industry
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
03 - Cosmetics and toiletries; cleaning, bleaching, polishing and abrasive preparations
Goods & Services
chemicals for use in waste water treatment; waste water treatment chemicals for industrial use, namely, membrane filter cleaning chemicals for water treatment chemical cleaners directed to the waste water treatment industry
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and
thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the
nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised of
humidifiers, dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules,
tanks, pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers. Water and waste water treatment services; liquid
concentration services, namely, water purification; waste
management services; rental of water treatment and liquid
concentration systems and equipment, namely, humidifiers,
dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules, tanks,
pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers.
25.
OSMOTIC METHODS AND SYSTEMS INVOLVING ENERGY RECOVERY
Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste management services, namely, waste processing and waste treatment; rental of water treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment, namely, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules, tanks, pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste treatment transformation; electro-oxidation as a water and waste water treatment and purification service Downloadable computer software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment plants Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised primarily of one or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering water, clarifiers, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, dehumidifiers; water treatment apparatus, namely, oxidation and disinfection machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water treatment and oxidation systems comprised primarily of one or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely, reactors, bubble diffusers, electrodes, voltage control systems; water treatment and desalination equipment, namely, water filtration units, membrane desalination units, and reverse osmosis units Providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment plants
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Chemicals for use in water treatment, membrane cleaning
chemicals for water treatment in the nature of waste water
treatment chemicals for industrial use; biocides and
algaecides for water treatment in the nature of waste water
treatment chemicals. Water filters, water filter cartridges and bags being
replacement cartridges for water filtration units for use in
waste water treatment.
Methods and systems directed to recovery of lithium (e.g., lithium salts) from liquid streams are provided. In some embodiments, methods relate to obtaining lithium (e.g., as a solid lithium salt) by removing at least a portion of liquid from a feed stream to form a concentrated stream with respect to solubilized lithium cations. Liquid removal may include transporting at least a portion of the feed stream to an osmotic unit and/or a humidifier. Some methods include removing impurities (e.g., non-lithium cations) from the concentrated stream (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization). In some embodiments, solutions containing solubilized lithium cations and anions are electrochemically-treated such that first solubilized anions are replaced with second, different anions. In some embodiments, solid lithium salt containing at least a portion of the lithium cations and the second anions is obtained (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization following concentration of the electrochemically-treated solution in a humidifier).
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste management services, namely, waste processing and waste treatment; rental of water treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment, namely, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules, tanks, pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised of humidifiers, dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules, tanks, pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers
31.
MEMBRANES WITH CONTROLLED POROSITY FOR SERIAL FILTRATION
A serial filtration system for liquid purification includes a preliminary-stage reverse-osmosis (RO) module and a first-stage, high-permeability, reverse-osmosis (HiRO) module. Both modules include (a) a chamber including an inlet, a retentate outlet, and a permeate outlet, and (b) at least one membrane separating the chamber into a retentate side on an upstream side of the membrane and a permeate side on a downstream side of the membrane. The membrane in the preliminary stage is an RO membrane, while the membrane in the first stage is an oxidized membrane. The first-stage inlet is in fluid communication with the preliminary-stage, retentate outlet; and the oxidized membrane in the first stage, comprises an oxidized polyamide active layer coated on a porous support, wherein the oxidized polyamide active layer has an atomic oxygen/nitrogen ratio of at least 1.5.
A serial filtration system for liquid purification includes a preliminary-stage reverse-osmosis (RO) module and a first-stage, high-permeability, reverse-osmosis (HiRO) module. Both modules include (a) a chamber including an inlet, a retentate outlet, and a permeate outlet, and (b) at least one membrane separating the chamber into a retentate side on an upstream side of the membrane and a permeate side on a downstream side of the membrane. The membrane in the preliminary stage is an RO membrane, while the membrane in the first stage is an oxidized membrane. The first-stage inlet is in fluid communication with the preliminary-stage, retentate outlet; and the oxidized membrane in the first stage, comprises an oxidized polyamide active layer coated on a porous support, wherein the oxidized polyamide active layer has an atomic oxygen/nitrogen ratio of at least 1.5.
A serial filtration system for liquid purification includes a preliminary-stage reverse-osmosis (RO) module and a first-stage, high-permeability, reverse-osmosis (HiRO) module. Both modules include (a) a chamber including an inlet, a retentate outlet, and a permeate outlet, and (b) at least one membrane separating the chamber into a retentate side on an upstream side of the membrane and a permeate side on a downstream side of the membrane. The membrane in the preliminary stage is an RO membrane, while the membrane in the first stage is an oxidized membrane. The first-stage inlet is in fluid communication with the preliminary-stage, retentate outlet; and the oxidized membrane in the first stage, comprises an oxidized polyamide active layer coated on a porous support, wherein the oxidized polyamide active layer has an atomic oxygen/nitrogen ratio of at least 1.5.
Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.
Methods and systems directed to recovery of lithium (e.g., lithium salts) from liquid streams are provided. In some embodiments, methods relate to obtaining lithium (e.g., as a solid lithium salt) by removing at least a portion of liquid from a feed stream to form a concentrated stream with respect to solubilized lithium cations. Liquid removal may include transporting at least a portion of the feed stream to an osmotic unit and/or a humidifier. Some methods include removing impurities (e.g., non-lithium cations) from the concentrated stream (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization). In some embodiments, solutions containing solubilized lithium cations and anions are electrochemically-treated such that first solubilized anions are replaced with second, different anions. In some embodiments, solid lithium salt containing at least a portion of the lithium cations and the second anions is obtained (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization following concentration of the electrochemically-treated solution in a humidifier).
A thin-film-composite hollow-fiber membrane includes a phase-inversion layer, which is in the form of a hollow fiber, and an active layer coated on the phase-inversion layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The thin-film-composite hollow-fiber membrane can have an internal burst pressure of at least 4 MPa. In a method for forming the membrane, the polymer concentration in the spinning dope from which the hollow-fiber substrate is formed can have a polymer concentration no greater than 5% below the critical concentration.
B01D 69/00 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software for management, monitoring,
controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment
plants. Providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software
for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and
reporting for water treatment plants.
38.
Hybrid desalination systems and associated methods
The present disclosure is related to hybrid desalination systems and associated methods. The hybrid desalination system can comprise a first desalination unit comprising a reverse osmosis unit and a second desalination unit fluidically connected to the first desalination unit, wherein the second desalination unit comprises a humidification-dehumidification desalination apparatus. The present disclosure is also related to systems and methods for the formation of solid salts using a humidifier. According to certain embodiments, the flow velocity of a gas in the humidifier can be relatively high during the formation of the solid salt. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a multi-stage bubble column humidifier.
B01D 3/16 - Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Water treatment and desalination equipment, namely, water
filtration units, membrane desalination units, and reverse
osmosis units. Water treatment and desalination services.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
downloadable computer software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing operational data, and reporting operational data for water treatment plants providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing operational data, and reporting operational data for water treatment plants
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software for management, monitoring,
controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment
plants. Providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software
for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and
reporting for water treatment plants.
44.
Turbines and associated components, systems and methods
Turbines and associated components, systems, and methods are described. In some embodiments, the turbine blades and turbines are configured to convert kinetic energy present in fluid (e.g., water) to other forms of energy (e.g., in a hydrokinetic energy system in a river or ocean) relatively efficiently and/or at relatively low cut-in speeds. The turbine blades may have a shape and/or include structural features that contribute at least in part to relatively high efficiency and/or relatively low cut-in speeds. In some embodiments, the turbine blades have a geometry similar to the geometry of a maple seed.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Electrodes and voltage control systems for water treatment
and oxidation systems. Water treatment apparatus, namely, oxidation and
disinfection machines for use in treatment of liquids in the
nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and oxidation systems comprised primarily of one
or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely,
reactors, bubble diffusers. Disinfection services. Wastewater and water treatment, namely water purification,
and removal of organic and inorganic contaminants by
oxidation, and disinfection; waste management services being
waste processing and oxidation; rental of water treatment
systems and equipment, namely, oxidation reactors,
disinfection generators, bubble diffusers, electrodes, and
electrical systems.
46.
CARBON-COATED, TRANSITION-METAL ELECTRODES FOR ADVANCED OXIDATION REACTORS
A cathode, which can be used in combination with an anode in an advanced oxidation reactor, comprises a transition-metal foam and a carbon coating on the transition-metal foam. Oxidation can be achieved by electrifying the cathode and using the electrified cathode to produce a hydrogen-peroxide product via a first electrochemical reaction. OH radicals can be produced via a second electrochemical reaction involving the hydrogen peroxide product. Organic molecules can then be oxidized from a feed stream using the OH radicals.
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
water treatment and desalination services water treatment and desalination equipment, namely, water filtration units, membrane desalination units, and reverse osmosis units
48.
TURBINES AND ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS
Turbines and associated components, systems, and methods are described. In some embodiments, the turbine blades and turbines are configured to convert kinetic energy present in fluid (e.g., water) to other forms of energy (e.g., in a hydrokinetic energy system in a river or ocean) relatively efficiently and/or at relatively low cut-in speeds. The turbine blades may have a shape and/or include structural features that contribute at least in part to relatively high efficiency and/or relatively low cut-in speeds. In some embodiments, the turbine blades have a geometry similar to the geometry of a maple seed.
Turbines and associated components, systems, and methods are described. In some embodiments, the turbine blades and turbines are configured to convert kinetic energy present in fluid (e.g., water) to other forms of energy (e.g., in a hydrokinetic energy system in a river or ocean) relatively efficiently and/or at relatively low cut-in speeds. The turbine blades may have a shape and/or include structural features that contribute at least in part to relatively high efficiency and/or relatively low cut-in speeds. In some embodiments, the turbine blades have a geometry similar to the geometry of a maple seed.
Liquid solution concentration systems, and related methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, the system is an osmotic system comprising a plurality of osmotic modules. For example, the osmotic system can comprise a feed osmotic module configured to produce an osmotic module retentate outlet stream having a higher concentration of solute than the retentate inlet stream transported to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also comprise an isolation osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also optionally comprise a purification osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module and/or the isolation osmotic module. Certain embodiments are related to altering the degree to which the feed osmotic module retentate outlet stream is recycled back to the retentate-side inlet of the feed osmotic module during operation. Additional embodiments are related to the manner in which the retentate-side effluent from the isolation osmotic module is distributed among the system modules during operation.
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
(1) Water treatment apparatus, namely, water purification sedimentation and filtration units for clarification and thickening of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water for industrial use; water treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised primarily of one or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering water, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers. (1) Water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste management services, namely, waste water reprocessing; rental of water treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment, namely, membrane modules, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers, all the foregoing being water treatment apparatus for use in water treatment.
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Water treatment and desalination equipment, namely, water
filtration units, membrane desalination units, and reverse
osmosis units. Water treatment and desalination services.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment plants Providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment plants
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and
thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the
nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised
primarily of one or more of the following pieces of
equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering
water, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators,
humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers. Water disinfection services. Water and waste water treatment services; liquid
concentration services, namely, water purification; waste
management services being waste processing; rental of water
treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment,
namely, membrane modules, clarifiers, disinfection
generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and
dehumidifiers, all the foregoing being water treatment
apparatus for use in water treatment.
55.
Feedback control optimization of counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange
A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.
F28F 27/00 - Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
F28B 1/02 - Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separated from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
F28C 1/02 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
B01D 3/16 - Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
F28B 5/00 - Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by groups and ; Other condensers
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity—compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream—is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 5/02 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
Liquid solution concentration systems, and related methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, the system is an osmotic system comprising a plurality of osmotic modules. For example, the osmotic system can comprise a feed osmotic module configured to produce an osmotic module retentate outlet stream having a higher concentration of solute than the retentate inlet stream transported to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also comprise an isolation osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also optionally comprise a purification osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module and/or the isolation osmotic module. Certain embodiments are related to altering the degree to which the feed osmotic module retentate outlet stream is recycled back to the retentate- side inlet of the feed osmotic module during operation. Additional embodiments are related to the manner in which the retentate- side effluent from the isolation osmotic module is distributed among the system modules during operation.
Liquid solution concentration systems, and related methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, the system is an osmotic system comprising a plurality of osmotic modules. For example, the osmotic system can comprise a feed osmotic module configured to produce an osmotic module retentate outlet stream having a higher concentration of solute than the retentate inlet stream transported to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also comprise an isolation osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also optionally comprise a purification osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module and/or the isolation osmotic module. Certain embodiments are related to altering the degree to which the feed osmotic module retentate outlet stream is recycled back to the retentate- side inlet of the feed osmotic module during operation. Additional embodiments are related to the manner in which the retentate- side effluent from the isolation osmotic module is distributed among the system modules during operation.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised primarily of one or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering water, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers Water disinfection services Water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste management services being waste processing; rental of water treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment, namely, membrane modules, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers, all the foregoing being water treatment apparatus for use in water treatment
62.
Humidification-dehumidification desalination systems and methods
Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
B01D 1/14 - Evaporating with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The flow rates of the fluids at the points of entry and/or exit to/from the device are measured; and the mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.
F28F 27/00 - Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
F28B 1/02 - Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separated from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
F28C 1/02 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
B01D 3/16 - Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
F28B 5/00 - Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by groups and ; Other condensers
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
Selective scaling in water treatment systems in which desalination is performed is generally described. According to certain embodiments, the location of the formation of solid scale within a water treatment system is controlled by adjusting one or more system parameters, such as the temperature and/or flow velocity of a saline stream within the water treatment system.
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
C02F 9/00 - Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are hybrid systems comprising one or more first desalination units and one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units, which may form a fluidic circuit that is located downstream from the one or more first desalination units, may be configured to desalinate higher salinity liquid streams than the one or more first desalination units. In certain embodiments, the one or more first desalination units are operated under steady-state conditions and/or configured to operate under steady-state conditions. In certain embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is flowed through the one or more first desalination units, which are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to form a first concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first concentrated brine stream is fed to a fluidic circuit comprising the one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the first concentrated brine stream to produce a second concentrated brine stream further enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the second concentrated brine stream is recirculated through at least a portion of the fluidic circuit until the second concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %).
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
C02F 103/28 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
C02F 103/10 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
67.
Osmotic desalination methods and associated systems
Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity—compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream—is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 5/02 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which multivalent ions are selectively retained in an aqueous stream. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the solubilized multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream contains—relative to the initial aqueous feed stream—a high amount of solubilized multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of solubilized multivalent ions to solubilized monovalent ions.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which ion-selective separation and multi-stage osmotic separation is used to produce multivalent-ion-rich process streams. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream contains—relative to the initial aqueous feed stream—a high amount of multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of multivalent ions to monovalent ions.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
An osmotic membrane comprises an active layer and a composite support layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The composite support layer includes a side that is bonded to the active layer and comprises an electrospun-fiber sub-layer and a phase-inversion sub-layer.
An osmotic membrane comprises an active layer and a composite support layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The composite support layer includes a side that is bonded to the active layer and comprises an electrospun-fiber sub-layer and a phase-inversion sub-layer.
An osmotic membrane comprises an active layer and a composite support layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The composite support layer includes a side that is bonded to the active layer and comprises an electrospun-fiber sub-layer and a phase-inversion sub-layer.
B01D 71/64 - Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
Apparatuses, systems, and methods related to water treatment are generally described. In particular, clarifiers that may improve solids thickening and related systems and methods are disclosed.
Embodiments described generally relate to systems comprising a humidifier (e.g., a bubble column humidifier) and a heating device (e.g. a heat exchanger), and associated methods. In certain embodiments, the heating device heats a first liquid stream comprising a condensable fluid in liquid phase (e.g., water) and a dissolved salt (e.g., NaCl) to a relatively low temperature (e.g., about 90°C or less) prior to the first liquid stream entering the humidifier through a main humidifier liquid inlet. In some cases, the system comprising the humidifier and the heating device requires only low-grade heat to operate, which may be advantageous due to the low cost and high availability of such heat.
Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
B01D 1/14 - Evaporating with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid
C02F 1/18 - Transportable devices to obtain potable water
C02F 5/08 - Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
C02F 103/10 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
C02F 103/36 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the chemical industry not provided for in groups from the manufacture of organic compounds
77.
HUMIDIFICATION-DEHUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS AT LOW TOP BRINE TEMPERATURES
Embodiments described generally relate to systems comprising a humidifier (e.g., a bubble column humidifier) and a heating device (e.g. a heat exchanger), and associated methods. In certain embodiments, the heating device heats a first liquid stream comprising a condensable fluid in liquid phase (e.g., water) and a dissolved salt (e.g., NaCl) to a relatively low temperature (e.g., about 90°C or less) prior to the first liquid stream entering the humidifier through a main humidifier liquid inlet. In some cases, the system comprising the humidifier and the heating device requires only low-grade heat to operate, which may be advantageous due to the low cost and high availability of such heat.
Embodiments described generally relate to systems comprising a humidifier (e.g., a bubble column humidifier) and a heating device (e.g. a heat exchanger), and associated methods. In certain embodiments, the heating device heats a first liquid stream comprising a condensable fluid in liquid phase (e.g., water) and a dissolved salt (e.g., NaCl) to a relatively low temperature (e.g., about 90° C. or less) prior to the first liquid stream entering the humidifier through a main humidifier liquid inlet. In some cases, the system comprising the humidifier and the heating device requires only low-grade heat to operate, which may be advantageous due to the low cost and high availability of such heat.
B01F 3/04 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed gases or vapours with liquids
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
B01D 1/14 - Evaporating with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
C02F 101/12 - Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is flowed through the one or more first desalination units, which are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to form a first concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first concentrated brine stream is fed to a fluidic circuit comprising the one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the first concentrated brine stream to produce a second concentrated brine stream further enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the second concentrated brine stream is recirculated through at least a portion of the fluidic circuit until the second concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt%).
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
C02F 1/58 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
C02F 5/02 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
C02F 9/00 - Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for the formation of solid salts using a humidifier. According to certain embodiments, the flow velocity of a gas in the humidifier can be relatively high during the formation of the solid salt. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a multi-stage bubble column humidifier.
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 5/02 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
B01D 3/16 - Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The flow rates of the fluids at the points of entry and/or exit to/from the device are measured; and the mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.
F28F 27/00 - Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
F28B 1/02 - Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separated from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
F28C 1/02 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
B01D 3/16 - Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
F28B 5/00 - Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by groups and ; Other condensers
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
Described herein are systems and methods for treating an aqueous input stream comprising at least one suspended and/or emulsified immiscible phase (e.g., oil, grease) and, in some cases, one or more additional contaminants, such as solubilized bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions, solubilized divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+), solubilized trivalent cations (e.g., Fe3+, Al3+), organic material (e.g., humic acid, fulvic acid), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and/or suspended solids. According to certain embodiments, the aqueous feed stream is supplied to a water treatment system comprising a chemical coagulation apparatus and a suspended solids removal apparatus (e.g., a clarifier). Within the chemical coagulation apparatus, an amount of an inorganic coagulant (e.g., aluminum chlorohydrate, polyaluminum chloride), an amount of a strong base (e.g., sodium hydroxide), and an amount of a polyelectrolyte (e.g., polyacrylamide) may be added to the aqueous input stream to form a chemically-treated stream.
Described herein are systems and methods for removing boron from water. According to certain embodiments, an aqueous input stream comprising boron and at least one suspended and/or emulsified immiscible phase is supplied to a water treatment system comprising a chemical coagulation apparatus, a suspended solids removal apparatus, and a boron removal apparatus. Within the chemical coagulation apparatus, an amount of an inorganic coagulant, an amount of a strong base, and an amount of a polyelectrolyte may be added to the aqueous input stream to form a chemically-treated stream. In some embodiments, the chemically-treated stream, which may comprise a plurality of floes, may be directed to flow to the suspended solids removal apparatus. Within the suspended solids removal apparatus, at least a portion of the floes may be removed from the chemically-treated stream to form a contaminant- diminished stream having a lower concentration of contaminants than the aqueous input stream.
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which multivalent ions are selectively retained in an aqueous stream. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the solubilized multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream contains - relative to the initial aqueous feed stream - a high amount of solubilized multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of solubilized multivalent ions to solubilized monovalent ions.
B01D 15/04 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor with ion-exchange materials as adsorbents
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
87.
PRODUCTION OF MULTIVALENT ION-RICH PROCESS STREAMS USING MULTI-STAGE OSMOTIC SEPARATION
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which ion-selective separation and multi-stage osmotic separation is used to produce multivalent-ion-rich process streams. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream contains - relative to the initial aqueous feed stream - a high amount of multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of multivalent ions to monovalent ions.
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which an aqueous stream comprising solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions is processed such that multivalent ions are selectively retained and monovalent ions are selectively removed. According to certain embodiments, an aqueous feed stream is transported through an ion-selective separator to produce a multivalent-ion- enriched stream and a monovalent-ion-enriched stream. The monovalent-ion-enriched stream may be transported through a desalination apparatus to produce a substantially pure water stream and a concentrated aqueous stream. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the multivalent-ion-enriched stream produced by the ion-selective separator is combined with at least a portion of the substantially pure water stream produced by the desalination apparatus to produce a combined product stream containing a relatively large percentage of the solubilized multivalent ions from the aqueous feed stream and a relatively small percentage of the solubilized monovalent ions from the aqueous feed stream.
Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity - compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream - is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity - compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream - is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).
B01D 1/14 - Evaporating with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.
C02F 1/26 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by extraction
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
C02F 5/02 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
B01D 3/16 - Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
C02F 101/12 - Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
Embodiments described herein generally relate to apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), and associated systems and methods. In certain embodiments, the apparatuses are configured to include various internal features, such as vapor distribution regions and/or liquid flow control weirs and/or baffles. In some cases, the apparatuses are used in water purification systems, such as desalination systems. The water purification systems may comprise additional devices external to the apparatuses, such as one or more heat exchangers, one or more heating devices, and/or one or more cooling devices.
B01D 1/14 - Evaporating with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
Embodiments described herein generally relate to apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), and associated systems and methods. In certain embodiments, the apparatuses are configured to include various internal features, such as vapor distribution regions and/or liquid flow control weirs and/or baffles. In some cases, the apparatuses are used in water purification systems, such as desalination systems. The water purification systems may comprise additional devices external to the apparatuses, such as one or more heat exchangers, one or more heating devices, and/or one or more cooling devices.
B01D 1/14 - Evaporating with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
B01D 1/14 - Evaporating with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt.
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt.
Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).
Water treatment systems and associated methods are generally described. Certain embodiments of the water treatment systems and methods described herein may be used to treat water comprising one or more contaminants (e.g., oil, grease, suspended solids, scale-forming ions, volatile organic material) to remove at least a portion of the one or more contaminants. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may be used directly in certain applications (e.g., oil and/or gas extraction processes). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may undergo desalination to produce substantially pure water and/or concentrated brine.
C02F 9/00 - Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
B01D 21/00 - Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
C02F 101/12 - Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
C02F 103/10 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 1/20 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
C02F 1/24 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
C02F 1/463 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
C02F 103/06 - Contaminated groundwater or leachate
C02F 103/18 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the wet purification of gaseous effluents
C02F 103/24 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of animals, e.g. poultry, fish, or parts thereof from tanneries
C02F 103/28 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
C02F 103/36 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the chemical industry not provided for in groups from the manufacture of organic compounds
100.
Methods and systems for producing treated brines for desalination
Water treatment systems and associated methods are generally described. Certain embodiments of the water treatment systems and methods described herein may be used to treat water comprising one or more contaminants (e.g., oil, grease, suspended solids, scale-forming ions, volatile organic material) to remove at least a portion of the one or more contaminants. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may be used directly in certain applications (e.g., oil and/or gas extraction processes). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may undergo desalination to produce substantially pure water and/or concentrated brine.
