Liquid solution separation (e.g., concentration and/or desalination) methods and related systems involving membrane separators having at least one-semipermeable membrane are provided. In some instances, at least some of the membrane separators permit a portion of solute in a retentate side input stream to pass through the semi-permeable membrane. In some instances, multiple membrane separators are employed, with the membrane separators having different solute permeabilities (e.g., due to varying pore size and/or molecular weight cutoffs). The methods and systems may be configured such that the ratio of mass flow and/or concentration of solute entering the retentate sides of the membrane separators are relatively high compared to the mass flow and/or concentration of solute exiting the retentate sides of the membrane separators. Such ratios may be relatively high for some or all membrane separators employed, which can in some instances reduce capital and/or operational expenditures for the liquid separation processes.
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
A dissolved species (e.g., sulfur) is concentrated from a feed liquid by passing the feed liquid into a first reverse-osmosis module of a first reverse-osmosis assembly, where the feed liquid is separated with a membrane to produce a permeate and a concentrate solution. In a de-supersaturation module, dissolved components are precipitated from the concentrate solution to produce solid precipitates and a de-supersaturated concentrate solution, which is passed to a second reverse-osmosis assembly, where the de-supersaturated concentrate solution is separated with a membrane to produce a permeate and a concentrated brine. In a polishing module, the permeates from the first and second reverse-osmosis assemblies are further purified to produce a polished permeate and a concentrate solution that is recycled back to the retentate side of the first reverse-osmosis module of the first reverse-osmosis assembly where it mixes with the feed liquid, and the polished permeate is extracted from the polishing module.
C02F 103/10 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant de carrières ou d'activités minières
C22B 3/00 - Extraction de composés métalliques par voie humide à partir de minerais ou de concentrés
C22B 3/22 - Traitement ou purification de solutions, p. ex. de solutions obtenues par lixiviation par des procédés physiques, p. ex. par filtration, par des moyens magnétiques
C22B 3/44 - Traitement ou purification de solutions, p. ex. de solutions obtenues par lixiviation par des procédés chimiques
Methods of forming porous media (e.g., membranes for liquid separations or parts thereof) via polymerization, and related articles, are generally described. In some instances, two components are combined such that a polymerization (e.g., interfacial polymerization) reaction occurs, resulting in the formation of polymer layer (e.g., an active layer). In some instances, the two components include a first solution including water and a relatively low concentration of a first monomer (e.g., an amine-containing monomer such as optionally-substituted m-phenylenediamine) and a second solution including a nonpolar organic liquid and a relatively low concentration of a second monomer (e.g., an acid halide-containing monomer such as an optionally-substituted trimesoyl chloride).
C08J 9/28 - Mise en œuvre de substances macromoléculaires pour produire des matériaux ou objets poreux ou alvéolairesLeur post-traitement par élimination d'une phase liquide d'un objet ou d'une composition macromoléculaire, p. ex. par séchage du coagulum
4.
SYSTEMS, ARTICLES, AND METHODS RELATED TO FOAM FRACTIONATION OF FLUIDS
Certain aspects of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods related to the removal of PFAS molecules. In one aspect, systems comprising a foam fractionation system are generally described. In some embodiments, the foam fractionation system comprises a vessel and/or a bubbler. The vessel, in accordance with certain embodiments, comprises an elongated portion and a body portion comprising a main body portion and a taper portion. The bubbler is configured to receive a gas input and inject bubbles into an interior volume of the vessel. An input liquid solution comprising one or more per- and/or polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) molecules and a surfactant enters the foam fractionation system. The input liquid solution is treated by the foam fractionation system such that some or all of the PFAS molecules are separated into a foamate output. In some embodiments, a liquid output exiting the foam fractionation system comprises a relatively low amount, if any, of the PFAS molecules. In some embodiments, the liquid output and/or the foamate output is recycled (e.g., after one or more passes through one or more foam fractionation system).
C02F 1/24 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par flottation
B01F 23/231 - Mélange de gaz avec des liquides en introduisant des gaz dans des milieux liquides, p. ex. pour produire des liquides aérés par barbotage
B01F 23/235 - Mélange de gaz avec des liquides en introduisant des gaz dans des milieux liquides, p. ex. pour produire des liquides aérés pour la fabrication de mousse
B01F 101/00 - Mélange caractérisé par la nature des matières mélangées ou par le domaine d'application
C02F 101/36 - Composés organiques contenant des atomes d'halogène
5.
MEMBRANE-BASED SEPARATION OF MICELLE-ASSOCIATED PFAS MOLECULES
Certain aspects of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods related to the removal of PFAS molecules. In one aspect, systems comprising a membrane separator and a foam fractionation separator are generally described. In some embodiments, the membrane separator and the foam fractionation separator are fluidically connected such that some or all of a feed comprising PFAS molecules, a surfactant, and a liquid and/or a foam fractionation separator input comprising PFAS molecules and a liquid can be processed by the membrane separator and/or the foam fractionation separator. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the PFAS molecules are removed from the feed and/or the foam fractionation separator input. In some embodiments, the surfactant is present such that some or all of the PFAS molecules are associated with micelles, which may facilitate the removal of the PFAS molecules from the feed and/or the foam fractionation separator input. In some embodiments, the membrane separator rejects PFAS molecules (e.g., associated with micelles) to a greater extent than certain dissolved ions.
Certain aspects of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods related to the removal of PFAS molecules. In one aspect, systems comprising a foam fractionation system are generally described. In some embodiments, the foam fractionation system comprises a vessel and/or a bubbler. The vessel, in accordance with certain embodiments, comprises an elongated portion and a body portion comprising a main body portion and a taper portion. The bubbler is configured to receive a gas input and inject bubbles into an interior volume of the vessel. An input liquid solution comprising one or more per- and/or polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) molecules and a surfactant enters the foam fractionation system. The input liquid solution is treated by the foam fractionation system such that some or all of the PFAS molecules are separated into a foamate output. In some embodiments, a liquid output exiting the foam fractionation system comprises a relatively low amount, if any, of the PFAS molecules. In some embodiments, the liquid output and/or the foamate output is recycled (e.g., after one or more passes through one or more foam fractionation system).
Certain aspects of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods related to the removal of PFAS molecules. In one aspect, systems comprising a membrane separator and a foam fractionation separator are generally described. In some embodiments, the membrane separator and the foam fractionation separator are fluidically connected such that some or all of a feed comprising PFAS molecules, a surfactant, and a liquid and/or a foam fractionation separator input comprising PFAS molecules and a liquid can be processed by the membrane separator and/or the foam fractionation separator. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the PFAS molecules are removed from the feed and/or the foam fractionation separator input. In some embodiments, the surfactant is present such that some or all of the PFAS molecules are associated with micelles, which may facilitate the removal of the PFAS molecules from the feed and/or the foam fractionation separator input. In some embodiments, the membrane separator rejects PFAS molecules (e.g., associated with micelles) to a greater extent than certain dissolved ions.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Lithium; lithium brine in the nature of battery
manufacturing (terms considered too vague by the
International Bureau - Rule 13 (2) (b) of the Regulations);
lithium salts. Equipment for lithium mining, extraction, processing,
recovery, and recycling, containing nano-filtration
membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration
device, crystallizers, reactors, pumps, filters, presses,
reaction tanks and clarifiers. Lithium mining; lithium extraction. Lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining,
lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of
treatment and refining saltwater brine and other
lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Lithium; lithium brine in the nature of battery
manufacturing; lithium salts for industrial purposes. Equipment in the nature of components being parts for
lithium mining, extraction, processing, recovery, and
recycling machines, comprising nanofiltration membranes,
reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration equipment
in the nature of thermal evaporators, thermal desalination
equipment for processes such as humidification,
dehumidification, multistage flash, multi-effect
evaporation, and mechanical vapor recompression,
crystallizers in the nature of evaporative crystallizers
namely, agitated thin film dryers, forced circulation
crystallizers, fluidized bed crystallizers, and cooling
crystallizers for crystallizing lithium salts and impurities
commonly found in lithium brines, namely carbonates,
sulfates, magnesium, and calcium, chemical reactors, pumps,
filters, presses, reaction tanks and clarifiers in the
nature of rectangular clarifier and lamella clarifiers used
for settling solids from brines containing ions commonly
used in batteries. Lithium mining; lithium extraction of carbonates, sulfates,
magnesium, and calcium. Lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining,
lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of
treatment and refining saltwater brine and other
lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling.
10.
REMOVAL OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID FROM LIQUID STREAMS, INCLUDING FLUORIDE SALT PRECIPITATION
Methods and related systems for treating hydrofluoric acid-containing streams are provided. The hydrofluoric acid-containing stream may be, for example, an aqueous wastewater stream from an industrial process such as a semiconductor manufacturing process. The pH of the stream may be adjusted such that a relatively high percentage of the hydrofluoric acid (HF) molecules in the stream are deprotonated to form fluoride ions. In some instances, at least a portion the pH-adjusted stream forms part of (or all of) an inlet stream that is transported to a membrane separator. The membrane separator may produce a retentate outlet stream with a higher concentration of fluoride ions than the inlet stream and a permeate outlet stream containing a portion of liquid from the inlet stream. The methods may include additional treatments, such as removing other species present in the hydrofluoric acid-containing stream, such as silica. Some fluoride may be precipitated as a salt.
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
C22B 3/22 - Traitement ou purification de solutions, p. ex. de solutions obtenues par lixiviation par des procédés physiques, p. ex. par filtration, par des moyens magnétiques
11.
ELECTROCHEMICAL DESTRUCTION OF PFAS AND ORGANIC CARBON MIXTURES
An electrochemical destruction system comprises an electrochemical reactor that defines a contained volume. The electrochemical reactor includes at least one anode and at least one cathode in or extending into the contained volume of the electrochemical reactor. The at least one anode and the at least one cathode are configured to break down per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater in the contained volume via electro-oxidation reactions. A pH adjustment device contains an acid and/or a base and is configured to inject the acid or base into the contained volume of the electrochemical reactor or into a volume in fluid communication with the electrochemical reactor to facilitate controlling the pH of the wastewater. A defoamer in the contained volume of the electrochemical reactor or in a volume in fluid communication with the electrochemical reactor is configured to defoam foam generated in the wastewater from the electro-oxidation reactions.
C02F 1/467 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse par désinfection électrochimique
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
C02F 1/465 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse par électroflottation
C02F 9/00 - Traitement en plusieurs étapes de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout
12.
MEMBRANE-BASED SEPARATION SYSTEMS AND RELATED CONFIGURATIONS
Configurations for liquid solution separation (e.g., liquid concentration and/or desalination) methods and related systems involving membrane separators having at least one-semipermeable membrane are provided.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
(1) Lithium; lithium brine in the nature of battery manufacturing; lithium salts for industrial purposes.
(2) Equipment in the nature of components being parts for lithium mining, extraction, processing, recovery, and recycling machines, comprising nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration equipment in the nature of thermal evaporators, thermal desalination equipment for processes such as humidification, dehumidification, multistage flash, multi-effect evaporation, and mechanical vapor recompression, crystallizers in the nature of evaporative crystallizers namely, agitated thin film dryers, forced circulation crystallizers, fluidized bed crystallizers, and cooling crystallizers for crystallizing lithium salts and impurities commonly found in lithium brines, namely carbonates, sulfates, magnesium, and calcium, chemical reactors, pumps, filters, presses, reaction tanks and clarifiers in the nature of rectangular clarifier and lamella clarifiers used for settling solids from brines containing ions commonly used in batteries. (1) Lithium mining; lithium extraction of carbonates, sulfates, magnesium, and calcium.
(2) Lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining, lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of treatment and refining saltwater brine and other lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Lithium; lithium brine in the nature of battery
manufacturing (term considered too vague by the
International Bureau pursuant to Rule 13 (2) (b) of the
Regulations); lithium salts. Equipment in the nature of components being parts for
lithium mining, extraction, processing, recovery, and
recycling machines, comprising nanofiltration membranes,
reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration equipment
in the nature of thermal evaporators, thermal desalination
equipment for processes such as humidification,
dehumidification, multistage flash, multi-effect
evaporation, and mechanical vapor recompression,
crystallizers in the nature of evaporative crystallizers
namely, agitated thin film dryers, forced circulation
crystallizers, fluidized bed crystallizers, and cooling
crystallizers for crystallizing lithium salts and impurities
commonly found in lithium brines, namely carbonates,
sulfates, magnesium, and calcium, chemical reactors, pumps,
filters, presses, reaction tanks and clarifiers in the
nature of rectangular clarifier and lamella clarifiers used
for settling solids from brines containing ions commonly
used in batteries (term considered too vague by the
International Bureau pursuant to Rule 13 (2) (b) of the
Regulations). Lithium mining; lithium extraction. Lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining,
lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of
treatment and refining saltwater brine and other
lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
(1) Lithium; lithium brine in the nature of battery manufacturing (terms considered too vague by the International Bureau - Rule 13 (2) (b) of the Regulations); lithium salts.
(2) Equipment for lithium mining, extraction, processing, recovery, and recycling, containing nano-filtration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration device, crystallizers, reactors, pumps, filters, presses, reaction tanks and clarifiers. (1) Lithium mining; lithium extraction.
(2) Lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining, lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of treatment and refining saltwater brine and other lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Lithium; lithium brine in the nature of battery
manufacturing (term considered too vague by the
International Bureau pursuant to Rule 13 (2) (b) of the
Regulations). Equipment in the nature of components being parts for
lithium mining, extraction, processing, recovery, and
recycling machines, comprising nanofiltration membranes,
reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration equipment
in the nature of thermal evaporators, thermal desalination
equipment for processes such as humidification,
dehumidification, multistage flash, multi-effect
evaporation, and mechanical vapor recompression,
crystallizers in the nature of evaporative crystallizers
namely, agitated thin film dryers, forced circulation
crystallizers, fluidized bed crystallizers, and cooling
crystallizers for crystallizing lithium salts and impurities
commonly found in lithium brines, namely carbonates,
sulfates, magnesium, and calcium, chemical reactors, pumps,
filters, presses, reaction tanks and clarifiers in the
nature of rectangular clarifier and lamella clarifiers used
for settling solids from brines containing ions commonly
used in batteries (term considered too vague by the
International Bureau pursuant to Rule 13 (2) (b) of the
Regulations). Lithium mining; lithium extraction. Lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining,
lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of
treatment and refining saltwater brine and other
lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling.
Methods of forming porous media (e.g., membranes for liquid separations or parts thereof) via polymerization, and related articles, are generally described. In some instances, two components are combined such that a polymerization (e.g., interfacial polymerization) reaction occurs, resulting in the formation of polymer layer (e.g., an active layer). In some instances, the two components include a first solution including water and a relatively low concentration of a first monomer (e.g., an amine-containing monomer such as optionally-substituted m-phenylenediamine) and a second solution including a nonpolar organic liquid and a relatively low concentration of a second monomer (e.g., an acid halide-containing monomer such as an optionally-substituted trimesoyl chloride).
C08J 9/28 - Mise en œuvre de substances macromoléculaires pour produire des matériaux ou objets poreux ou alvéolairesLeur post-traitement par élimination d'une phase liquide d'un objet ou d'une composition macromoléculaire, p. ex. par séchage du coagulum
Methods of forming porous media (e.g., membranes for liquid separations or parts thereof) via polymerization, and related articles, are generally described. In some instances, two components are combined such that a polymerization (e.g., interfacial polymerization) reaction occurs, resulting in the formation of polymer layer (e.g., an active layer). In some instances, the two components include a first solution including water and a relatively low concentration of a first monomer (e.g., an amine-containing monomer such as optionally-substituted m-phenylenediamine) and a second solution including a nonpolar organic liquid and a relatively low concentration of a second monomer (e.g., an acid halide-containing monomer such as an optionally-substituted trimesoyl chloride).
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Lithium; lithium brine for battery manufacturing; lithium salts for industrial purposes Equipment in the nature of components being parts for lithium mining, extraction, processing, recovery, and recycling machines, comprising nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration equipment in the nature of thermal evaporators, thermal desalination equipment for processes such as humidification, dehumidification, multistage flash, multi-effect evaporation, and mechanical vapor recompression, crystallizers in the nature of evaporative crystallizers namely, agitated thin film dryers, forced circulation crystallizers, fluidized bed crystallizers, and cooling crystallizers for crystallizing lithium salts and impurities commonly found in lithium brines, namely carbonates, sulfates, magnesium, and calcium, chemical reactors, pumps, filters, presses, reaction tanks and clarifiers in the nature of rectangular clarifier and lamella clarifiers used for settling solids from brines containing ions commonly used in batteries Lithium mining; lithium extraction of carbonates, sulfates, magnesium, and calcium Lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining, lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of treatment and refining saltwater brine and other lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Lithium; lithium brine for battery manufacturing; lithium salts Equipment in the nature of components being parts for lithium mining, extraction, processing, recovery, and recycling machines, comprising nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration equipment in the nature of thermal evaporators, thermal desalination equipment for processes such as humidification, dehumidification, multistage flash, multi-effect evaporation, and mechanical vapor recompression, crystallizers in the nature of evaporative crystallizers namely, agitated thin film dryers, forced circulation crystallizers, fluidized bed crystallizers, and cooling crystallizers for crystallizing lithium salts and impurities commonly found in lithium brines, namely carbonates, sulfates, magnesium, and calcium, chemical reactors, pumps, filters, presses, reaction tanks and clarifiers in the nature of rectangular clarifier and lamella clarifiers used for settling solids from brines containing ions commonly used in batteries Lithium mining; lithium extraction lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining, lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of treatment and refining saltwater brine and other lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling
21.
GENERATION OF HYDROXYL RADICALS IN AN ADVANCED OXIDATION REACTOR
23222) at the interface of the aqueous saline solution with the cathode. Hydroxyl (·OH) radicals are then generated from the hydrogen peroxide. In another method, where the bubbles may or may not be small, the anode comprises a manganese-based oxide. The hydroxyl radicals can be used to break down organic pollutants via oxidation.
A serial filtration system for liquid purification includes a preliminary-stage reverse-osmosis (RO) module and a first-stage, high-permeability, reverse-osmosis (HiRO) module. Both modules include (a) a chamber including an inlet, a retentate outlet, and a permeate outlet, and (b) at least one membrane separating the chamber into a retentate side on an upstream side of the membrane and a permeate side on a downstream side of the membrane. The membrane in the preliminary stage is an RO membrane, while the membrane in the first stage is an oxidized membrane. The first-stage inlet is in fluid communication with the preliminary-stage, retentate outlet; and the oxidized membrane in the first stage, comprises an oxidized polyamide active layer coated on a porous support, wherein the oxidized polyamide active layer has an atomic oxygen/nitrogen ratio of at least 1.5.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
Produits et services
Chemicals for use in waste water treatment, membrane
cleaning chemicals for water treatment in the nature of
waste water treatment chemicals for industrial use.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
Produits et services
Chemicals for use in waste water treatment; membrane
cleaning chemicals for water treatment in the nature of
waste water treatment chemicals for industrial use.
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Lithium; lithium brine for battery manufacturing; lithium salts Equipment in the nature of components being parts for lithium mining, extraction, processing, recovery, and recycling machines, comprising nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration equipment in the nature of thermal evaporators, thermal desalination equipment for processes such as humidification, dehumidification, multistage flash, multi-effect evaporation, and mechanical vapor recompression, crystallizers in the nature of evaporative crystallizers namely, agitated thin film dryers, forced circulation crystallizers, fluidized bed crystallizers, and cooling crystallizers for crystallizing lithium salts and impurities commonly found in lithium brines, namely carbonates, sulfates, magnesium, and calcium, chemical reactors, pumps, filters, presses, reaction tanks and clarifiers in the nature of rectangular clarifier and lamella clarifiers used for settling solids from brines containing ions commonly used in batteries Lithium mining; lithium extraction lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining, lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of treatment and refining saltwater brine and other lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
07 - Machines et machines-outils
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Lithium; lithium brine for battery manufacturing; lithium salts Equipment in the nature of components being parts for lithium mining, extraction, processing, recovery, and recycling machines, comprising nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, thermal concentration equipment in the nature of thermal evaporators, thermal desalination equipment for processes such as humidification, dehumidification, multistage flash, multi-effect evaporation, and mechanical vapor recompression, crystallizers in the nature of evaporative crystallizers namely, agitated thin film dryers, forced circulation crystallizers, fluidized bed crystallizers, and cooling crystallizers for crystallizing lithium salts and impurities commonly found in lithium brines, namely carbonates, sulfates, magnesium, and calcium, chemical reactors, pumps, filters, presses, reaction tanks and clarifiers in the nature of rectangular clarifier and lamella clarifiers used for settling solids from brines containing ions commonly used in batteries Lithium mining; lithium extraction lithium processing in the nature of lithium refining, lithium treatment; lithium recovery in the nature of treatment and refining saltwater brine and other lithium-containing materials and lithium; lithium recycling
e.g.e.g., sulfur) is concentrated from a feed liquid by passing the feed liquid into a first reverse-osmosis module of a first reverse-osmosis assembly, where the feed liquid is separated with a membrane to produce a permeate and a concentrate solution. In a de-supersaturation module, dissolved components are precipitated from the concentrate solution to produce solid precipitates and a de-supersaturated concentrate solution, which is passed to a second reverse-osmosis assembly, where the de-supersaturated concentrate solution is separated with a membrane to produce a permeate and a concentrated brine. In a polishing module, the permeates from the first and second reverse-osmosis assemblies are further purified to produce a polished permeate and a concentrate solution that is recycled back to the retentate side of the first reverse-osmosis module of the first reverse-osmosis assembly where it mixes with the feed liquid, and the polished permeate is extracted from the polishing module.
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
environmental cleanup equipment comprising membranes, fractionation columns, resins, activated carbon media, electrodes and reactors for oxidation, plasma reactors, and combustion systems Treatment of water, wastewater, and landfill leachate, namely, removal and separation of PFAS; environmental decontamination services
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Water treatment equipment, namely, PFAS removal and elimination equipment containing electrodes and reactors for oxidation, plasma reactors, and combustion systems Treatment of water, wastewater, and landfill leachate, namely, PFAS removal and elimination services through oxidation, advanced oxidation, plasma, and combustion; environmental decontamination services
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
environmental cleanup equipment comprising membranes, fractionation columns, resins, activated carbon media, electrodes and reactors for oxidation, plasma reactors, and combustion systems Treatment of water, wastewater, and landfill leachate, namely, removal and separation of PFAS; environmental decontamination services
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
environmental cleanup equipment comprising membranes, fractionation columns, resins, activated carbon media, electrodes and reactors for oxidation, plasma reactors, and combustion systems Treatment of water, wastewater, and landfill leachate, namely, removal and separation of PFAS; environmental decontamination services
32.
LITHIUM RECOVERY FROM LIQUID STREAMS USING SOLUTE-PERMEABLE MEMBRANES
Methods and systems directed to recovery of lithium (e.g., lithium salts) from liquid streams are provided. In some embodiments, methods relate to obtaining lithium (e.g., as a solid lithium salt) by removing at least a portion of liquid from a feed stream to form a concentrated stream with respect to solubilized lithium cations. Liquid removal may include transporting at least a portion of the feed stream to a membrane separator and/or a humidifier. Some methods include removing impurities (e.g., non-lithium cations) from the concentrated stream (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization). In some embodiments, solutions containing solubilized lithium cations and anions are electrochemically-treated such that first solubilized anions are replaced with second, different anions. In some embodiments, solid lithium salt containing at least a portion of the lithium cations and the second anions is obtained (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization following concentration of the electrochemically-treated solution in a humidifier).
Liquid solution separation (e.g., concentration and/or desalination) methods and related systems involving membrane separators having at least one-semipermeable membrane are provided. In some instances, at least some of the membrane separators permit a portion of solute in a retentate side input stream to pass through the semi-permeable membrane. In some instances, multiple membrane separators are employed, with the membrane separators having different solute permeabilities (e.g., due to varying pore size and/or molecular weight cutoffs). The methods and systems may be configured such that the ratio of mass flow and/or concentration of solute entering the retentate sides of the membrane separators are relatively high compared to the mass flow and/or concentration of solute exiting the retentate sides of the membrane separators. Such ratios may be relatively high for some or all membrane separators employed, which can in some instances reduce capital and/or operational expenditures for the liquid separation processes.
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Downloadable computer software for management, monitoring,
controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment
plants. Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and
thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the
nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised
primarily of one or more of the following pieces of
equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering
water, clarifiers, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers,
dehumidifiers; water treatment apparatus, namely, oxidation
and disinfection machines for use in treatment of liquids in
the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and oxidation systems comprised primarily of one
or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely,
reactors, bubble diffusers, electrodes, voltage control
systems; water treatment and desalination equipment, namely,
water filtration units, membrane desalination units, and
reverse osmosis units. Water and waste water treatment services; liquid
concentration services, namely, water purification; waste
treatment [transformation]; electro-oxidation as a water and
waste water treatment and purification service. Providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software
for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and
reporting for water treatment plants.
35.
Strong Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Saline Desalination and Water Treatment
A thin-film-composite hollow-fiber membrane includes a phase-inversion layer, which is in the form of a hollow fiber, and an active layer coated on the phase-inversion layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The thin-film-composite hollow-fiber membrane can have an internal burst pressure of at least 4 MPa. In a method for forming the membrane, the polymer concentration in the spinning dope from which the hollow-fiber substrate is formed can have a polymer concentration no greater than 5% below the critical concentration.
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
Example embodiments relate generally to managing wastewater. The system includes a treatment assembly. The treatment assembly includes a main housing. The main housing is configured to receive and house wastewater. The treatment assembly also includes an antiscalant and polymer dispersant source. The antiscalant and polymer dispersant source is connected to the main housing. The antiscalant and polymer dispersant source is configured to selectively provide an antiscalant and/or polymer dispersant into the wastewater housed in the main housing so as to arrive at a pre-treated wastewater. The system also includes a membrane filtration assembly. The membrane filtration assembly includes at least one of the following: a nanofiltration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane. The at least one of the nanofiltration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane are configured to receive the pre- treated wastewater from the treatment assembly and separate the pre-treated wastewater into a first reject and first permeate.
Systems and methods for treating an aqueous effluent, and more specifically, to systems and methods for treating an aqueous effluent containing isopropyl alcohol. The system includes an inlet configured to receive an aqueous effluent. The system further includes a filtration assembly to filter the impurities from the aqueous effluent. The system also includes a cooling assembly to reduce the temperature of the filtered aqueous effluent.
C02F 1/22 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par congélation
C02F 1/68 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par addition de substances spécifiées, pour améliorer l'eau potable, p. ex. par addition d'oligo-éléments
C02F 9/00 - Traitement en plusieurs étapes de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout
38.
LIQUID SEPARATION USING SOLUTE-PERMEABLE MEMBRANES AND RELATED SYSTEMS
Liquid solution separation (e.g., concentration and/or desalination) methods and related systems involving membrane separators having at least one-semipermeable membrane are provided. In some instances, at least some of the membrane separators permit a portion of solute in a retentate side input stream to pass through the semi- permeable membrane. In some instances, multiple membrane separators are employed, with the membrane separators having different solute permeabilities (e.g., due to varying pore size and/or molecular weight cutoffs). The methods and systems may be configured such that the ratio of mass flow and/or concentration of solute entering the retentate sides of the membrane separators are relatively high compared to the mass flow and/or concentration of solute exiting the retentate sides of the membrane separators. Such ratios may be relatively high for some or all membrane separators employed, which can in some instances reduce capital and/or operational expenditures for the liquid separation processes.
B01D 61/04 - Prétraitement du courant d'alimentation
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
B01J 20/28 - Compositions absorbantes ou adsorbantes solides ou compositions facilitant la filtrationAbsorbants ou adsorbants pour la chromatographieProcédés pour leur préparation, régénération ou réactivation caractérisées par leur forme ou leurs propriétés physiques
B01D 63/00 - Appareils en général pour les procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables
Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.
B01D 5/00 - Condensation de vapeursRécupération de solvants volatils par condensation
B01D 1/14 - Évaporation avec gaz ou vapeurs chauffés en contact avec le liquide
B01D 3/22 - Colonnes de fractionnement dans lesquelles la vapeur barbote à travers le liquide à grilles ou plateaux perforés horizontauxConstruction de ces éléments
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
B01F 23/21 - Mélange de gaz avec des liquides par l’ajout de liquides dans les milieux gazeux
B01F 23/231 - Mélange de gaz avec des liquides en introduisant des gaz dans des milieux liquides, p. ex. pour produire des liquides aérés par barbotage
F24F 6/12 - Humidification de l'air par dispersion d'eau dans l'air
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
03 - Produits cosmétiques et préparations de toilette; préparations pour blanchir, nettoyer, polir et abraser.
Produits et services
chemicals for use in waste water treatment; waste water treatment chemicals for industrial use, namely, membrane filter cleaning chemicals for water treatment chemical cleaners directed to the waste water treatment industry
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
03 - Produits cosmétiques et préparations de toilette; préparations pour blanchir, nettoyer, polir et abraser.
Produits et services
chemicals for use in waste water treatment; waste water treatment chemicals for industrial use, namely, membrane filter cleaning chemicals for water treatment chemical cleaners directed to the waste water treatment industry
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and
thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the
nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised of
humidifiers, dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules,
tanks, pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers. Water and waste water treatment services; liquid
concentration services, namely, water purification; waste
management services; rental of water treatment and liquid
concentration systems and equipment, namely, humidifiers,
dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules, tanks,
pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers.
43.
OSMOTIC METHODS AND SYSTEMS INVOLVING ENERGY RECOVERY
Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste management services, namely, waste processing and waste treatment; rental of water treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment, namely, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules, tanks, pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Downloadable computer software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment plants Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised primarily of one or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering water, clarifiers, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, dehumidifiers; water treatment apparatus, namely, oxidation and disinfection machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water treatment and oxidation systems comprised primarily of one or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely, reactors, bubble diffusers, electrodes, voltage control systems; water treatment and desalination equipment, namely, water filtration units, membrane desalination units, and reverse osmosis units Water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste treatment transformation; electro-oxidation as a water and waste water treatment and purification service Providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment plants
Methods and systems directed to recovery of lithium (e.g., lithium salts) from liquid streams are provided. In some embodiments, methods relate to obtaining lithium (e.g., as a solid lithium salt) by removing at least a portion of liquid from a feed stream to form a concentrated stream with respect to solubilized lithium cations. Liquid removal may include transporting at least a portion of the feed stream to an osmotic unit and/or a humidifier. Some methods include removing impurities (e.g., non-lithium cations) from the concentrated stream (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization). In some embodiments, solutions containing solubilized lithium cations and anions are electrochemically-treated such that first solubilized anions are replaced with second, different anions. In some embodiments, solid lithium salt containing at least a portion of the lithium cations and the second anions is obtained (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization following concentration of the electrochemically-treated solution in a humidifier).
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised of humidifiers, dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules, tanks, pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste management services, namely, waste processing and waste treatment; rental of water treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment, namely, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, nanofiltration membrane modules, tanks, pumps, blowers, heaters, pipes, filters, controllers
48.
MEMBRANES WITH CONTROLLED POROSITY FOR SERIAL FILTRATION
A serial filtration system for liquid purification includes a preliminary-stage reverse-osmosis (RO) module and a first-stage, high-permeability, reverse-osmosis (HiRO) module. Both modules include (a) a chamber including an inlet, a retentate outlet, and a permeate outlet, and (b) at least one membrane separating the chamber into a retentate side on an upstream side of the membrane and a permeate side on a downstream side of the membrane. The membrane in the preliminary stage is an RO membrane, while the membrane in the first stage is an oxidized membrane. The first-stage inlet is in fluid communication with the preliminary-stage, retentate outlet; and the oxidized membrane in the first stage, comprises an oxidized polyamide active layer coated on a porous support, wherein the oxidized polyamide active layer has an atomic oxygen/nitrogen ratio of at least 1.5.
A serial filtration system for liquid purification includes a preliminary-stage reverse-osmosis (RO) module and a first-stage, high-permeability, reverse-osmosis (HiRO) module. Both modules include (a) a chamber including an inlet, a retentate outlet, and a permeate outlet, and (b) at least one membrane separating the chamber into a retentate side on an upstream side of the membrane and a permeate side on a downstream side of the membrane. The membrane in the preliminary stage is an RO membrane, while the membrane in the first stage is an oxidized membrane. The first-stage inlet is in fluid communication with the preliminary-stage, retentate outlet; and the oxidized membrane in the first stage, comprises an oxidized polyamide active layer coated on a porous support, wherein the oxidized polyamide active layer has an atomic oxygen/nitrogen ratio of at least 1.5.
Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.
Methods and systems directed to recovery of lithium (e.g., lithium salts) from liquid streams are provided. In some embodiments, methods relate to obtaining lithium (e.g., as a solid lithium salt) by removing at least a portion of liquid from a feed stream to form a concentrated stream with respect to solubilized lithium cations. Liquid removal may include transporting at least a portion of the feed stream to an osmotic unit and/or a humidifier. Some methods include removing impurities (e.g., non-lithium cations) from the concentrated stream (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization). In some embodiments, solutions containing solubilized lithium cations and anions are electrochemically-treated such that first solubilized anions are replaced with second, different anions. In some embodiments, solid lithium salt containing at least a portion of the lithium cations and the second anions is obtained (e.g., via precipitation and/or crystallization following concentration of the electrochemically-treated solution in a humidifier).
A thin-film-composite hollow-fiber membrane includes a phase-inversion layer, which is in the form of a hollow fiber, and an active layer coated on the phase-inversion layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The thin-film-composite hollow-fiber membrane can have an internal burst pressure of at least 4 MPa. In a method for forming the membrane, the polymer concentration in the spinning dope from which the hollow-fiber substrate is formed can have a polymer concentration no greater than 5% below the critical concentration.
B01D 69/00 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
The present disclosure is related to hybrid desalination systems and associated methods. The hybrid desalination system can comprise a first desalination unit comprising a reverse osmosis unit and a second desalination unit fluidically connected to the first desalination unit, wherein the second desalination unit comprises a humidification-dehumidification desalination apparatus. The present disclosure is also related to systems and methods for the formation of solid salts using a humidifier. According to certain embodiments, the flow velocity of a gas in the humidifier can be relatively high during the formation of the solid salt. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a multi-stage bubble column humidifier.
B01D 3/16 - Colonnes de fractionnement dans lesquelles la vapeur barbote à travers le liquide
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
C02F 1/52 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par floculation ou précipitation d'impuretés en suspension
Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Water treatment and desalination equipment, namely, water
filtration units, membrane desalination units, and reverse
osmosis units. Water treatment and desalination services.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Downloadable computer software for management, monitoring,
controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment
plants. Providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software
for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and
reporting for water treatment plants.
57.
Turbines and associated components, systems and methods
Turbines and associated components, systems, and methods are described. In some embodiments, the turbine blades and turbines are configured to convert kinetic energy present in fluid (e.g., water) to other forms of energy (e.g., in a hydrokinetic energy system in a river or ocean) relatively efficiently and/or at relatively low cut-in speeds. The turbine blades may have a shape and/or include structural features that contribute at least in part to relatively high efficiency and/or relatively low cut-in speeds. In some embodiments, the turbine blades have a geometry similar to the geometry of a maple seed.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Electrodes and voltage control systems for water treatment
and oxidation systems. Water treatment apparatus, namely, oxidation and
disinfection machines for use in treatment of liquids in the
nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and oxidation systems comprised primarily of one
or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely,
reactors, bubble diffusers. Disinfection services. Wastewater and water treatment, namely water purification,
and removal of organic and inorganic contaminants by
oxidation, and disinfection; waste management services being
waste processing and oxidation; rental of water treatment
systems and equipment, namely, oxidation reactors,
disinfection generators, bubble diffusers, electrodes, and
electrical systems.
59.
CARBON-COATED, TRANSITION-METAL ELECTRODES FOR ADVANCED OXIDATION REACTORS
A cathode, which can be used in combination with an anode in an advanced oxidation reactor, comprises a transition-metal foam and a carbon coating on the transition-metal foam. Oxidation can be achieved by electrifying the cathode and using the electrified cathode to produce a hydrogen-peroxide product via a first electrochemical reaction. OH radicals can be produced via a second electrochemical reaction involving the hydrogen peroxide product. Organic molecules can then be oxidized from a feed stream using the OH radicals.
C02F 1/467 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse par désinfection électrochimique
C02F 1/72 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par oxydation
C02F 1/461 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse
C02F 1/46 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
water treatment and desalination equipment, namely, water filtration units, membrane desalination units, and reverse osmosis units water treatment and desalination services
61.
TURBINES AND ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS
Turbines and associated components, systems, and methods are described. In some embodiments, the turbine blades and turbines are configured to convert kinetic energy present in fluid (e.g., water) to other forms of energy (e.g., in a hydrokinetic energy system in a river or ocean) relatively efficiently and/or at relatively low cut-in speeds. The turbine blades may have a shape and/or include structural features that contribute at least in part to relatively high efficiency and/or relatively low cut-in speeds. In some embodiments, the turbine blades have a geometry similar to the geometry of a maple seed.
Liquid solution concentration systems, and related methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, the system is an osmotic system comprising a plurality of osmotic modules. For example, the osmotic system can comprise a feed osmotic module configured to produce an osmotic module retentate outlet stream having a higher concentration of solute than the retentate inlet stream transported to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also comprise an isolation osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also optionally comprise a purification osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module and/or the isolation osmotic module. Certain embodiments are related to altering the degree to which the feed osmotic module retentate outlet stream is recycled back to the retentate-side inlet of the feed osmotic module during operation. Additional embodiments are related to the manner in which the retentate-side effluent from the isolation osmotic module is distributed among the system modules during operation.
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
(1) Water treatment apparatus, namely, water purification sedimentation and filtration units for clarification and thickening of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water for industrial use; water treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised primarily of one or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering water, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers. (1) Water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste management services, namely, waste water reprocessing; rental of water treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment, namely, membrane modules, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers, all the foregoing being water treatment apparatus for use in water treatment.
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Water treatment and desalination equipment, namely, water
filtration units, membrane desalination units, and reverse
osmosis units. Water treatment and desalination services.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Downloadable computer software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment plants Providing temporary use of online non-downloadable software for management, monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and reporting for water treatment plants
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and
thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the
nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water
treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised
primarily of one or more of the following pieces of
equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering
water, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators,
humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers. Water disinfection services. Water and waste water treatment services; liquid
concentration services, namely, water purification; waste
management services being waste processing; rental of water
treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment,
namely, membrane modules, clarifiers, disinfection
generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and
dehumidifiers, all the foregoing being water treatment
apparatus for use in water treatment.
67.
Feedback control optimization of counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange
A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.
F28F 27/00 - Commandes ou dispositifs de sécurité spécialement adaptés pour les appareils d'échange ou de transfert de chaleur
F28B 1/02 - Condenseurs dans lesquels la vapeur d'eau ou autre vapeur est séparée de l'agent de refroidissement par des parois, p. ex. condenseur à surface utilisant l'eau ou un autre liquide comme agent de refroidissement
F28C 1/02 - Réfrigérants à ruissellement à contact direct, p. ex. tours de réfrigération avec contre-courant uniquement
C02F 1/00 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout
B01D 3/16 - Colonnes de fractionnement dans lesquelles la vapeur barbote à travers le liquide
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
F28B 5/00 - Condenseurs utilisant une combinaison des procédés couverts par les groupes et Autres condenseurs
F28D 21/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur non couverts par l'un des groupes
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
C02F 103/10 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant de carrières ou d'activités minières
Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity—compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream—is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
70.
Production of ultra-high-density brines using transiently-operated desalination systems
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
C02F 5/02 - Adoucissement de l'eau par précipitation des substances qui rendent l'eau dure
C02F 1/66 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par neutralisationAjustage du pH
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
Liquid solution concentration systems, and related methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, the system is an osmotic system comprising a plurality of osmotic modules. For example, the osmotic system can comprise a feed osmotic module configured to produce an osmotic module retentate outlet stream having a higher concentration of solute than the retentate inlet stream transported to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also comprise an isolation osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also optionally comprise a purification osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module and/or the isolation osmotic module. Certain embodiments are related to altering the degree to which the feed osmotic module retentate outlet stream is recycled back to the retentate- side inlet of the feed osmotic module during operation. Additional embodiments are related to the manner in which the retentate- side effluent from the isolation osmotic module is distributed among the system modules during operation.
37 - Services de construction; extraction minière; installation et réparation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Water treatment apparatus, namely, clarification and thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water treatment and liquid concentration systems comprised primarily of one or more of the following pieces of equipment, namely, membrane filtration modules for filtering water, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers Water disinfection services Water and waste water treatment services; liquid concentration services, namely, water purification; waste management services being waste processing; rental of water treatment and liquid concentration systems and equipment, namely, membrane modules, clarifiers, disinfection generators, evaporators, humidifiers, condensers, and dehumidifiers, all the foregoing being water treatment apparatus for use in water treatment
73.
Humidification-dehumidification desalination systems and methods
Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
B01D 1/14 - Évaporation avec gaz ou vapeurs chauffés en contact avec le liquide
B01D 5/00 - Condensation de vapeursRécupération de solvants volatils par condensation
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
C02F 1/66 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par neutralisationAjustage du pH
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The flow rates of the fluids at the points of entry and/or exit to/from the device are measured; and the mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.
F28F 27/00 - Commandes ou dispositifs de sécurité spécialement adaptés pour les appareils d'échange ou de transfert de chaleur
F28B 1/02 - Condenseurs dans lesquels la vapeur d'eau ou autre vapeur est séparée de l'agent de refroidissement par des parois, p. ex. condenseur à surface utilisant l'eau ou un autre liquide comme agent de refroidissement
F28C 1/02 - Réfrigérants à ruissellement à contact direct, p. ex. tours de réfrigération avec contre-courant uniquement
C02F 1/00 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout
B01D 3/16 - Colonnes de fractionnement dans lesquelles la vapeur barbote à travers le liquide
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
F28B 5/00 - Condenseurs utilisant une combinaison des procédés couverts par les groupes et Autres condenseurs
F28D 21/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur non couverts par l'un des groupes
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
C02F 103/10 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant de carrières ou d'activités minières
75.
Scale removal in humidification-dehumidification systems
B01D 5/00 - Condensation de vapeursRécupération de solvants volatils par condensation
B08B 9/027 - Nettoyage des surfaces intérieuresÉlimination des bouchons
F28G 15/00 - NETTOYAGE DES SURFACES INTERNES OU EXTERNES DES CONDUITS DES ÉCHANGEURS DE CHALEUR OU DE TRANSFERT DE CHALEUR, p. ex. TUBES D'EAU DE CHAUDIÈRES Parties constitutives
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
76.
Selective scaling in desalination water treatment systems and associated methods
Selective scaling in water treatment systems in which desalination is performed is generally described. According to certain embodiments, the location of the formation of solid scale within a water treatment system is controlled by adjusting one or more system parameters, such as the temperature and/or flow velocity of a saline stream within the water treatment system.
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
B01D 5/00 - Condensation de vapeursRécupération de solvants volatils par condensation
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
C02F 9/00 - Traitement en plusieurs étapes de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout
B01D 3/00 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
77.
Hybrid desalination systems and associated methods
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are hybrid systems comprising one or more first desalination units and one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units, which may form a fluidic circuit that is located downstream from the one or more first desalination units, may be configured to desalinate higher salinity liquid streams than the one or more first desalination units. In certain embodiments, the one or more first desalination units are operated under steady-state conditions and/or configured to operate under steady-state conditions. In certain embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is flowed through the one or more first desalination units, which are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to form a first concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first concentrated brine stream is fed to a fluidic circuit comprising the one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the first concentrated brine stream to produce a second concentrated brine stream further enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the second concentrated brine stream is recirculated through at least a portion of the fluidic circuit until the second concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %).
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
B01D 5/00 - Condensation de vapeursRécupération de solvants volatils par condensation
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
B01D 3/00 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction
B01D 1/14 - Évaporation avec gaz ou vapeurs chauffés en contact avec le liquide
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
C02F 103/18 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant de l'épuration des effluents gazeux par voie humide
C02F 103/30 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant de l'industrie textile
C02F 103/06 - Eau souterraine contaminée ou eau de lessivage
B01D 1/28 - Évaporation avec compression de vapeur
C02F 103/28 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant du traitement de plantes ou de parties de celles-ci provenant de l'industrie du papier ou de la cellulose
C02F 103/10 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant de carrières ou d'activités minières
78.
Osmotic desalination methods and associated systems
Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity—compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream—is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
C02F 5/02 - Adoucissement de l'eau par précipitation des substances qui rendent l'eau dure
C02F 1/66 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par neutralisationAjustage du pH
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which multivalent ions are selectively retained in an aqueous stream. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the solubilized multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream contains—relative to the initial aqueous feed stream—a high amount of solubilized multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of solubilized multivalent ions to solubilized monovalent ions.
C02F 1/469 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par séparation électrochimique, p. ex. par électro-osmose, électrodialyse, électrophorèse
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which ion-selective separation and multi-stage osmotic separation is used to produce multivalent-ion-rich process streams. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream contains—relative to the initial aqueous feed stream—a high amount of multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of multivalent ions to monovalent ions.
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
An osmotic membrane comprises an active layer and a composite support layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The composite support layer includes a side that is bonded to the active layer and comprises an electrospun-fiber sub-layer and a phase-inversion sub-layer.
An osmotic membrane comprises an active layer and a composite support layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The composite support layer includes a side that is bonded to the active layer and comprises an electrospun-fiber sub-layer and a phase-inversion sub-layer.
B01D 71/64 - PolyimidesPolyamide-imidesPolyester-imidesPolyamide-acides ou précurseurs similaires de polyimides
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
Apparatuses, systems, and methods related to water treatment are generally described. In particular, clarifiers that may improve solids thickening and related systems and methods are disclosed.
Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
B01D 5/00 - Condensation de vapeursRécupération de solvants volatils par condensation
B01D 1/14 - Évaporation avec gaz ou vapeurs chauffés en contact avec le liquide
C02F 1/18 - Dispositifs portatifs pour obtenir de l'eau potable
C02F 5/08 - Traitement de l'eau avec des produits chimiques complexants ou des agents solubilisants pour l'adoucissement, la prévention ou l'élimination de l'entartrage, p. ex. par addition d'agents séquestrants
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
C02F 103/10 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant de carrières ou d'activités minières
C02F 103/36 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant de l'industrie chimique non prévue dans les groupes provenant de la fabrication de composés organiques
86.
HUMIDIFICATION-DEHUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS AT LOW TOP BRINE TEMPERATURES
Embodiments described generally relate to systems comprising a humidifier (e.g., a bubble column humidifier) and a heating device (e.g. a heat exchanger), and associated methods. In certain embodiments, the heating device heats a first liquid stream comprising a condensable fluid in liquid phase (e.g., water) and a dissolved salt (e.g., NaCl) to a relatively low temperature (e.g., about 90°C or less) prior to the first liquid stream entering the humidifier through a main humidifier liquid inlet. In some cases, the system comprising the humidifier and the heating device requires only low-grade heat to operate, which may be advantageous due to the low cost and high availability of such heat.
Embodiments described generally relate to systems comprising a humidifier (e.g., a bubble column humidifier) and a heating device (e.g. a heat exchanger), and associated methods. In certain embodiments, the heating device heats a first liquid stream comprising a condensable fluid in liquid phase (e.g., water) and a dissolved salt (e.g., NaCl) to a relatively low temperature (e.g., about 90° C. or less) prior to the first liquid stream entering the humidifier through a main humidifier liquid inlet. In some cases, the system comprising the humidifier and the heating device requires only low-grade heat to operate, which may be advantageous due to the low cost and high availability of such heat.
B01F 3/04 - Mélange, p.ex. dispersion, émulsion, selon les phases à mélanger de gaz ou de vapeurs avec des liquides
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
B01D 1/14 - Évaporation avec gaz ou vapeurs chauffés en contact avec le liquide
B01D 5/00 - Condensation de vapeursRécupération de solvants volatils par condensation
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is flowed through the one or more first desalination units, which are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to form a first concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first concentrated brine stream is fed to a fluidic circuit comprising the one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the first concentrated brine stream to produce a second concentrated brine stream further enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the second concentrated brine stream is recirculated through at least a portion of the fluidic circuit until the second concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt%).
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
C02F 1/42 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par échange d'ions
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
C02F 1/52 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par floculation ou précipitation d'impuretés en suspension
C02F 1/58 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par élimination de composés spécifiés dissous
C02F 5/02 - Adoucissement de l'eau par précipitation des substances qui rendent l'eau dure
C02F 9/00 - Traitement en plusieurs étapes de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
89.
FORMATION OF SOLID SALTS USING HIGH GAS FLOW VELOCITIES IN HUMIDIFIERS, SUCH AS MULTI-STAGE BUBBLE COLUMN HUMIDIFIERS
The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for the formation of solid salts using a humidifier. According to certain embodiments, the flow velocity of a gas in the humidifier can be relatively high during the formation of the solid salt. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a multi-stage bubble column humidifier.
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
C02F 5/02 - Adoucissement de l'eau par précipitation des substances qui rendent l'eau dure
C02F 1/66 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par neutralisationAjustage du pH
B01D 3/16 - Colonnes de fractionnement dans lesquelles la vapeur barbote à travers le liquide
A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The flow rates of the fluids at the points of entry and/or exit to/from the device are measured; and the mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.
F28F 27/00 - Commandes ou dispositifs de sécurité spécialement adaptés pour les appareils d'échange ou de transfert de chaleur
F28B 1/02 - Condenseurs dans lesquels la vapeur d'eau ou autre vapeur est séparée de l'agent de refroidissement par des parois, p. ex. condenseur à surface utilisant l'eau ou un autre liquide comme agent de refroidissement
F28C 1/02 - Réfrigérants à ruissellement à contact direct, p. ex. tours de réfrigération avec contre-courant uniquement
B01D 3/16 - Colonnes de fractionnement dans lesquelles la vapeur barbote à travers le liquide
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
F28B 5/00 - Condenseurs utilisant une combinaison des procédés couverts par les groupes et Autres condenseurs
F28D 21/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur non couverts par l'un des groupes
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
C02F 103/10 - Nature de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux ou boues d'égout à traiter provenant de carrières ou d'activités minières
92.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF WATER, SUCH AS OILFIELD WASTEWATER, VIA CHEMICAL COAGULATION
Described herein are systems and methods for treating an aqueous input stream comprising at least one suspended and/or emulsified immiscible phase (e.g., oil, grease) and, in some cases, one or more additional contaminants, such as solubilized bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions, solubilized divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+), solubilized trivalent cations (e.g., Fe3+, Al3+), organic material (e.g., humic acid, fulvic acid), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and/or suspended solids. According to certain embodiments, the aqueous feed stream is supplied to a water treatment system comprising a chemical coagulation apparatus and a suspended solids removal apparatus (e.g., a clarifier). Within the chemical coagulation apparatus, an amount of an inorganic coagulant (e.g., aluminum chlorohydrate, polyaluminum chloride), an amount of a strong base (e.g., sodium hydroxide), and an amount of a polyelectrolyte (e.g., polyacrylamide) may be added to the aqueous input stream to form a chemically-treated stream.
Described herein are systems and methods for removing boron from water. According to certain embodiments, an aqueous input stream comprising boron and at least one suspended and/or emulsified immiscible phase is supplied to a water treatment system comprising a chemical coagulation apparatus, a suspended solids removal apparatus, and a boron removal apparatus. Within the chemical coagulation apparatus, an amount of an inorganic coagulant, an amount of a strong base, and an amount of a polyelectrolyte may be added to the aqueous input stream to form a chemically-treated stream. In some embodiments, the chemically-treated stream, which may comprise a plurality of floes, may be directed to flow to the suspended solids removal apparatus. Within the suspended solids removal apparatus, at least a portion of the floes may be removed from the chemically-treated stream to form a contaminant- diminished stream having a lower concentration of contaminants than the aqueous input stream.
C02F 1/58 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par élimination de composés spécifiés dissous
C02F 1/52 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par floculation ou précipitation d'impuretés en suspension
C02F 1/68 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par addition de substances spécifiées, pour améliorer l'eau potable, p. ex. par addition d'oligo-éléments
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which multivalent ions are selectively retained in an aqueous stream. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the solubilized multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream contains - relative to the initial aqueous feed stream - a high amount of solubilized multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of solubilized multivalent ions to solubilized monovalent ions.
B01D 15/04 - Procédés de séparation comportant le traitement de liquides par des adsorbants ou des absorbants solidesAppareillages pour ces procédés par des substances échangeuses d'ions comme adsorbants
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/28 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par absorption ou adsorption
96.
PRODUCTION OF MULTIVALENT ION-RICH PROCESS STREAMS USING MULTI-STAGE OSMOTIC SEPARATION
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which ion-selective separation and multi-stage osmotic separation is used to produce multivalent-ion-rich process streams. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream contains - relative to the initial aqueous feed stream - a high amount of multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of multivalent ions to monovalent ions.
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which an aqueous stream comprising solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions is processed such that multivalent ions are selectively retained and monovalent ions are selectively removed. According to certain embodiments, an aqueous feed stream is transported through an ion-selective separator to produce a multivalent-ion- enriched stream and a monovalent-ion-enriched stream. The monovalent-ion-enriched stream may be transported through a desalination apparatus to produce a substantially pure water stream and a concentrated aqueous stream. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the multivalent-ion-enriched stream produced by the ion-selective separator is combined with at least a portion of the substantially pure water stream produced by the desalination apparatus to produce a combined product stream containing a relatively large percentage of the solubilized multivalent ions from the aqueous feed stream and a relatively small percentage of the solubilized monovalent ions from the aqueous feed stream.
Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity - compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream - is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).
B01D 1/14 - Évaporation avec gaz ou vapeurs chauffés en contact avec le liquide
B01D 5/00 - Condensation de vapeursRécupération de solvants volatils par condensation
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
C02F 1/04 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
C02F 1/52 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par floculation ou précipitation d'impuretés en suspension
C02F 1/66 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par neutralisationAjustage du pH
Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.
C02F 1/26 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par extraction
C02F 1/10 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par chauffage par distillation ou évaporation par contact direct avec un solide particulaire, ou un fluide, agissant comme agent de transfert de chaleur
B01D 3/34 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction avec une ou plusieurs substances auxiliaires
C02F 5/02 - Adoucissement de l'eau par précipitation des substances qui rendent l'eau dure
B01D 3/16 - Colonnes de fractionnement dans lesquelles la vapeur barbote à travers le liquide
C02F 1/52 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par floculation ou précipitation d'impuretés en suspension
