A computer-implemented method for encoding an intended matrix in a quantum circuit, the method comprising obtaining an MPO representation of the intended matrix; determining an approximation rank for the intended matrix based on the MPO representation; determining an initial guess for an orthogonal approximation of the intended matrix in the form of a tensor network with isometric sub-tensors of the approximation rank; starting with the initial guess, iteratively optimizing the orthogonal approximation of the intended matrix based on an optimization algorithm minimizing a cost function subject to an isometry constraint for the isometric sub-tensors, wherein the cost function attributes a cost to the orthogonal approximation of the intended matrix based on a quality of the orthogonal approximation with respect to the intended matrix, and encoding the orthogonal approximation into a quantum circuit based on encodings of the isometric sub-tensors into quantum gates.
A varistor device for voltage-surge-protecting an electronic circuit at a cryogenic temperature comprises an electric lead composed of a superinsulator material, and electrical contact elements. The electrical contact elements are for connecting different positions along the electric lead to the electronic circuit. The electrical contact elements are in electric contact with the electric lead at the different positions along the electric lead. The electric lead is adapted to provide a superinsulating state or a cooper-pair insulating state at the cryogenic temperature, and to provide a non-linear resistance between the different positions at the cryogenic temperature.
An electronics device comprises a substrate, a first layer of a first layered material arranged over the substrate, a second layer of a second layered material arranged over the substrate, an overlap region, and a contact layer. In the overlap region, the second layer is arranged over the first layer, and a section of a bottom surface of the second layer is parallel to a section of a top surface of the first layer. The contact layer comprises a plurality of electrically conductive lines and an electrical insulation element. The plurality of electrically conductive lines comprises a first electrically conductive line and a second electrically conductive line. The first electrically conductive line and/or the second electrically conductive line comprises a superconductor material.
A hybrid quantum-classical computation system for classifying a grid of features provided as an input, comprising a convolutional block comprising a filter configured to receive the grid of features and to output a plurality of output features for the grid of features based on a trainable configuration of the convolutional filter; a flattening layer for transforming the filtered grid of output features received from the convolutional block into a flattened feature vector; a classifying block configured to receive the flattened feature vector and generate an output classification, wherein the classifying block comprises a plurality of independent variational quantum circuits; wherein the variational quantum circuits of the plurality of independent variational quantum circuits receive different subsets of features from the flattened feature vector as an input feature vector; and wherein measured outputs of the plurality of independent variational quantum circuits are combined to determine a label as the output classification.
A system or a method for optical signal amplification includes determining a target operating gain of an optical amplifier; determining a target maximum gain of the optical amplifier; determining an active fiber section length such that the optical signals are amplified with at most the target maximum gain; determining a core cross-sectional area size of the active fiber section based on a maximum allowable pulse shape distortion and a target maximum energy per pulse such that high-energy pulses with the target maximum energy per pulse are distorted by at most the maximum allowable pulse shape distortion; and determining an operating pumping power of the pumping device below the maximum pumping power such that the optical signals are amplified with the target operating gain.
A system and method for encoding a dataset in a quantum circuit for quantum machine learning in a system includes providing a dataset comprising a plurality of input features; for each input feature of the plurality of input features, applying the plurality of encoding quantum gates on one quantum bit (qubit) or a plurality of qubits, wherein each of the plurality of encoding quantum gates rotates the one qubit or the plurality of qubits by a rotation angle which is proportional to the input feature and one of a plurality of scaling factors, each of the plurality of encoding quantum gates is assigned a different one of the plurality of scaling factors, and the plurality of scaling factors comprises powers of two; applying the plurality of variational quantum gates; determining a plurality of measurement values for the qubit; adjusting the quantum circuit; and determining output data.
A method for quantum key distribution includes determining a ratio between a target maximum gain and a target operating gain of an optical amplifier; determining an active fiber section length such that the optical signals with a target maximum signal power are amplified with at most the target maximum gain; determining an operating pumping power of a pumping device below the maximum pumping power such that the optical signals are amplified with a target operating gain according to the determined ratio between the target maximum gain and the target operating gain; and determining a shared key between a first data processing device and a second data processing device by quantum key distribution comprising amplifying the optical signals via the optical amplifier by operating the pumping device at the operating pumping power.
A method for training a hybrid quantum-classical computation system for approximating a labeling function for an input feature vector, the system comprising a variational quantum circuit, a machine learning model, and a labeling module configured to receive a first output generated by the variational quantum circuit and a second output generated by the machine learning model and to generate an output label, wherein the method comprises an iterative process comprising providing an input feature vector of the sample dataset, providing the first output and the second output to the labeling module, and determining a parameter update of the variational parameters, the machine-learning parameters, and the trainable combination parameters based on a value of a cost function for the output label for the input feature vector.
A method for training a hybrid quantum-classical computation system for approximating a labeling function for an input feature vector, the system comprising a variational quantum circuit, a machine learning model, and a labeling module configured to receive a first output generated by the variational quantum circuit and a second output generated by the machine learning model and to generate an output label, wherein the method comprises an iterative process comprising the steps of providing an input feature vector of the sample dataset to the variational quantum circuit and to the machine learning model, providing the first output and the second output to the labeling module, and determining a parameter update of the variational parameters, the machine-learning parameters, and the trainable combination parameters based on a value of a cost function for the output label for the input feature vector.
The present disclosure refers to a method for quantum key distribution, the method being implementable in a system which comprises: a transmission line (io) for transmitting optical signals between a first data processing device (11) and a second data processing device (12) and an optical amplifier (14) disposed at the transmission line (io), the optical amplifier (14) comprising an active fiber section (15) and a pumping device (16), the method comprising: determining a ratio between a target maximum gain and a target operating gain of the optical amplifier (14); determining an active fiber section length such that the optical signals with a target maximum signal power are amplified with at most the target maximum gain; determining an operating pumping power of the pumping device (16) below the maximum pumping power such that the optical signals are amplified with a target operating gain according to the determined ratio between the target maximum gain and the target operating gain; and determining a shared key between the first data processing device (10) and the second data processing device (11) by quantum key distribution comprising amplifying the optical signals via the optical amplifier (14) by operating the pumping device (16) at the operating pumping power.
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
H04B 10/2531 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using spectral inversion
H04B 10/291 - Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
The present disclosure refers to a method for encoding a dataset in a quantum circuit for quantum machine learning in a system. The system comprises a quantum circuit (na) comprising a plurality of encoding quantum gates and a plurality of variational quantum gates. The method comprises: providing a dataset comprising a plurality of input features; for each input feature of the plurality of input features, applying the plurality of encoding quantum gates on one quantum bit (qubit) or a plurality of qubits, wherein each of the plurality of encoding quantum gates rotates the one qubit or the plurality of qubits by a rotation angle which is proportional to the input feature and one of a plurality of scaling factors, each of the plurality of encoding quantum gates is assigned a different one of the plurality of scaling factors, and the plurality of scaling factors comprises powers of two; applying the plurality of variational quantum gates on the qubit or the plurality of qubits; determining a plurality of measurement values for the qubit or the plurality of qubits; adjusting the quantum circuit (na) by adjusting the plurality of variational quantum gates using the plurality of measurement values; and determining output data for the dataset from the quantum circuit (na).
The present disclosure refers to a method for optical signal amplification, the method being implementable in a system which comprises: a transmission line (1o) for transmitting optical signals between a first data processing device (11) and a second data processing device (12); and an optical amplifier (14) disposed at the transmission line (1o), the optical amplifier (14) comprising an active fiber section (15) and a pumping device (16). The method comprises: determining a target operating gain of the optical amplifier (14); determining a target maximum gain of the optical amplifier (14); determining an active fiber section length such that the optical signals are amplified with at most the target maximum gain; determining a core cross-sectional area size of the active fiber section (15) based on a maximum allowable pulse shape distortion and a target maximum energy per pulse such that high-energy pulses with the target maximum energy per pulse are distorted by at most the maximum allowable pulse shape distortion; and determining an operating pumping power of the pumping device (16) below the maximum pumping power such that the optical signals are amplified with the target operating gain. Further, a system for optical signal amplification is disclosed.
A laser system suitable for modification of a calcified blood vessel includes a laser source; a feedback controller configured to regulate a dosimetry of the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a catheter comprising a first optical delivery element, the first optical delivery element configured to guide the modulated laser light to an in-vivo object in the blood vessel; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or dimensional characteristics of an area of the in-vivo object in real-time, wherein the feedback controller is configured to process the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or dimensional characteristics of the area in real-time, wherein the feedback controller is further configured to regulate the dosimetry of the laser source for a controlled formation of a porous structure and/or a zone of denaturized tissue in the in-vivo object.
A61B 18/26 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibreHand-pieces therefor for producing a shock wave, e.g. laser lithotripsy
14.
FERROELECTRIC NANOPARTICLE CAPACITOR FOR NON-BINARY LOGICS
A ferroelectric nanoparticle capacitor-device comprises a pair of conductive elements electrically insulated from each other, and ferroelectric nanoparticles arranged between the conductive elements of the pair. The ferroelectric nanoparticles are adapted to provide at least three polarization states with different total ferroelectric polarizations.
H03K 19/185 - Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one outputInverting circuits using specified components using dielectric elements with variable dielectric constant, e.g. ferro-electric capacitors
15.
FERROELECTRIC NANOPARTICLE CAPACITOR FOR NON-BINARY LOGICS AND METHOD OF OPERATION
A ferroelectric nanoparticle capacitor-device comprises a pair of conductive elements electrically insulated from each other, and ferroelectric nanoparticles arranged between the conductive elements of the pair. The ferroelectric nanoparticles are adapted to provide at least three polarization states with different total ferroelectric polarizations.
H03K 19/185 - Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one outputInverting circuits using specified components using dielectric elements with variable dielectric constant, e.g. ferro-electric capacitors
16.
FERROELECTRIC NANOPARTICLE CAPACITOR FOR NON-BINARY LOGICS AND METHOD OF OPERATION
A ferroelectric nanoparticle capacitor-device comprises a pair of conductive elements electrically insulated from each other, and ferroelectric nanoparticles arranged between the conductive elements of the pair. The ferroelectric nanoparticles are adapted to provide at least three polarization states with different total ferroelectric polarizations.
G11C 11/22 - Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elementsStorage elements therefor using electric elements using ferroelectric elements
G11C 11/54 - Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elementsStorage elements therefor using elements simulating biological cells, e.g. neuron
G11C 11/56 - Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elementsStorage elements therefor using storage elements with more than two stable states represented by steps, e.g. of voltage, current, phase, frequency
17.
FERROELECTRIC NANOPARTICLE CAPACITOR FOR NON-BINARY LOGICS
A ferroelectric nanoparticle capacitor-device comprises a pair of conductive elements electrically insulated from each other, and ferroelectric nanoparticles arranged between the conductive elements of the pair. The ferroelectric nanoparticles are adapted to provide at least three polarization states with different total ferroelectric polarizations.
H03K 19/185 - Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one outputInverting circuits using specified components using dielectric elements with variable dielectric constant, e.g. ferro-electric capacitors
H10B 53/30 - Ferroelectric RAM [FeRAM] devices comprising ferroelectric memory capacitors characterised by the memory core region
18.
Laser System and Method for Detecting and Processing Information
A laser system suitable for a treatment of a cartilage tissue in a joint includes a laser source; a feedback controller, configured to regulate a dosimetry of the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a first optical delivery element, configured to guide the spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light to an area in the joint to irradiate a first part of the area; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the area in a real-time; wherein the feedback controller is configured to regulate in a real-time the dosimetry of the laser source based on the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the area for a controlled activation of a stem cell outside of the first part of the area to form a hyaline cartilage tissue.
A61B 18/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
A laser system for changing an IOP of an eye includes a laser source; a feedback controller, configured to regulate a dosimetry of the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a first optical delivery element, configured to guide the spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light to irradiate a first area on the eye; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in a second area on the eye in a real-time during the change of the IOP, wherein the feedback controller is configured to regulate the dosimetry of the laser source in a real-time based on the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the second area.
The present disclosure provides a laser system suitable for changing an IOP of an eye, the laser system comprising: a laser source; a feedback controller, configured to regulate a dosimetry of the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a first optical delivery element, configured to guide the spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light to irradiate a first area on the eye; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in a second area on the eye in a real-time during the change of the IOP, wherein the feedback controller is configured to regulate the dosimetry of the laser source in a real-time based on the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the second area.
The present disclosure provides a laser system suitable for a treatment of a cartilage tissue in a joint, comprising: a laser source; a feedback controller, configured to regulate a dosimetryof the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a first optical delivery element, configured to guide the spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light to an area in the joint to irradiate a first part of the area; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the area in a real-time; wherein the feedback controller is configured toregulate in a real-time the dosimetry of the laser source based on the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the area for a controlled activation of a stem cell outside of the first part of the area to form a hyaline cartilage tissue.
The present disclosure provides a laser system suitable for modification of a calcified blood vessel, comprising: a laser source; a feedback controller, configured to regulate a dosimetry of the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a catheter comprising a first optical delivery element, the first optical delivery element configured to guide the modulated laser light to an in-vivo object in the blood vessel; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or dimensional characteristics of an area of the in-vivo object in real-time, wherein the feedback controller is configured to process the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or dimensional characteristics of the area in real-time, wherein the feedback controller is further configured to regulate in real-time the dosimetry of the laser source based on the real-time-detected information for a controlled formation of a porous structure and/or a zone of denaturized tissue in the in-vivo object.
A system for quantum key distribution includes a first data processing device; a second data processing device; and a transmission line extending between the first data processing device and the second data processing device. The transmission line comprises an inner optical fiber, a shielding layer surrounding the inner optical fiber, and an outer optical fiber surrounding the shielding layer. The first data processing device and the second data processing device are configured to determine a shared key by quantum key distribution via quantum signals along the inner optical fiber. The system is configured to determine outer signal losses along the outer optical fiber.
The present disclosure pertains to a system and a method for quantum key distribution. The system comprises a first data processing device (10); a second data processing device (11); and a transmission line (12) between the first data processing device (10) and the second data processing device (11). The transmission line (12) comprises an inner optical fiber (20), a shielding layer (21) surrounding the inner optical fiber (20), and an outer optical fiber (22) surrounding the shielding layer (21). The first data processing device (10) and the second data processing device (11) are configured to determine a shared key by quantum key distribution via quantum signals along the inner optical fiber (20). The system is configured to determine outer signal losses along the outer optical fiber (22).
H04B 10/80 - Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups , e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
25.
QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION DEVICE AND METHOD SUITABLE FOR ESTABLISHING A GLOBAL QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
A quantum key distribution device comprises an input signal path receiving a plurality of optical input signals from a transmitter device, an output signal path connected to the input signal path at a first end and emitting a plurality of first optical output signals at a second end, and a detector signal path connected to the input signal path at a third end and comprising a photon detector device at a fourth end opposite to the third end. The photon detector detects optical input signals from the transmitter device, and the quantum key distribution device establishes a shared quantum cryptographic key with the transmitter device based on the detected optical input signals. The input signal path forms an input path of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the output signal path and the detector signal path form output paths of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
A quantum key distribution device comprises an input signal path adapted to receive a plurality of optical input signals from a transmitter device, an output signal path connected to the input signal path at a first end and adapted to emit a plurality of first optical output signals at a second end opposite to the first end, and a detector signal path connected to the input signal path at a third end and comprising a photon detector device at a fourth end opposite to the third end. The photon detector device is adapted to detect the optical input signals from the transmitter device, and the quantum key distribution device is adapted to establish a shared quantum cryptographic key with the transmitter device based on the detected optical input signals. The input signal path forms an input path of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the output signal path and the detector signal path form output paths of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
A computer-implemented method includes encoding a QUBO problem in a corresponding QUBO graph problem, wherein each binary variable of the QUBO problem corresponds to a node of the QUBO graph problem and edges between two nodes encode coefficients of terms containing both binary variables corresponding to the two nodes, or receiving a QUBO graph problem in a QUBO graph representation; providing the QUBO graph problem as an input to a trained graph neural network on a processing system; retrieving a predicted performance metric for solving the QUBO problem with a variational quantum solver from an output of the trained graph neural network to the QUBO graph problem provided at the input; and, based on the predicted performance metric, providing the QUBO problem to the variational quantum solver implemented on quantum hardware.
A computer-implemented method for selecting processing hardware based on a given quadratic unconstrained binary optimization, QUBO, problem, said method comprising the steps of encoding the QUBO problem in a corresponding QUBO graph problem, wherein each binary variable of the QUBO problem corresponds to a node of the QUBO graph problem and edges between two nodes encode coefficients of terms containing both binary variables corresponding to the two nodes, or receiving a QUBO graph problem in a QUBO graph representation; providing the QUBO graph problem as an input to a trained graph neural network on a processing system; retrieving a predicted performance metric for solving the QUBO problem with a variational quantum solver from an output of the trained graph neural network to the QUBO graph problem provided at the input; and, based on the predicted performance metric, providing the QUBO problem to the variational quantum solver implemented on quantum hardware.
An electronics device comprises a substrate, a first layer of a first layered material arranged over the substrate, a second layer of a second layered material arranged over the substrate, an overlap region, and a contact layer. In the overlap region, the second layer is arranged over the first layer, and a section of a bottom surface of the second layer is parallel to a section of a top surface of the first layer. The contact layer is arranged over the first layer and the second layer. The contact layer comprises a plurality of electrically conductive lines and an electrical insulation element. The plurality of electrically conductive lines comprises a first electrically conductive line and a second electrically conductive line. The first electrically conductive line and/or the second electrically conductive line comprises a superconductor material. The electrical insulation element is arranged between the electrically conductive lines to electrically insulate them from each other. The electronics device further comprises a first electrical contact between the first electrically conductive line and the first layer; and a second electrical contact between the second electrically conductive line and the second layer.
B32B 3/02 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
H01L 23/28 - Encapsulation, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings
H01L 23/485 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the semiconductor body consisting of layered constructions comprising conductive layers and insulating layers, e.g. planar contacts
A method for natural language processing comprises: receiving a sample comprising natural language; processing the sample, wherein processing the sample comprises generating a plurality of response hypotheses and generating a plurality of confidence values, wherein each response hypothesis is associated with the corresponding confidence value; and selecting a response, comprising selecting the response randomly among the plurality of response hypotheses based at least in part on the corresponding confidence value by means of a quantum random number generator.
A method for natural language processing comprises: receiving a sample comprising natural language; processing the sample, wherein processing the sample comprises generating a plurality of response hypotheses and generating a plurality of confidence values, wherein each response hypothesis is associated with the corresponding confidence value; and selecting a response, comprising selecting the response randomly among the plurality of response hypotheses based at least in part on the corresponding confidence value by utilizing a quantum random number generator.
A system and method for authenticating an optical fiber key includes selecting a plurality of at least partially randomized challenge pulse parameters, generating a first optical challenge pulse based on the plurality of at least partially randomized challenge pulse parameters, determining an optical response signal based on a reflected signal of the first optical challenge pulse from the optical fiber key, applying a comparing algorithm the optical response signal and an expected response based on previously recorded optical response signals of the optical fiber key to a reference optical challenge pulse for determining a similarity metric, and authenticating the optical fiber key based on the similarity metric.
A computer-implemented method for authenticating an optical fiber key, the method comprising selecting at least partially randomized challenge pulse parameters, generating a first optical challenge pulse based on the challenge pulse parameters, determining an optical response signal based on a reflected signal of the first optical challenge pulse from the optical fiber key, applying a comparing algorithm the optical response signal and an expected response based on previously recorded optical response signals of the optical fiber key to a reference optical challenge pulse for determining a similarity metric, and authenticating the optical fiber key based on the similarity metric.
A superconductor device comprises a graphite structure, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a wrinkle region. The graphite structure comprises at least one topmost atomic layer. The first electrode is arranged over the at least one topmost atomic layer. The second electrode is arranged over the at least one topmost atomic layer and spaced apart from the first electrode. The wrinkle region is comprised in the at least one topmost atomic layer. The wrinkle region is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprises a plurality of wrinkles with a pair of wrinkles. The first electrode and the second electrode both electrically contact both wrinkles of the pair. A distance between the wrinkles of the pair is at most o .2 Wri.
A superconductor device comprises a graphite structure, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a wrinkle region. The graphite structure comprises at least one topmost atomic layer. The first electrode is arranged over the at least one topmost atomic layer. The second electrode is arranged over the at least one topmost atomic layer and spaced apart from the first electrode. The wrinkle region is comprised in the at least one topmost atomic layer. The wrinkle region is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprises a plurality of wrinkles with a pair of wrinkles. The first electrode and the second electrode both electrically contact both wrinkles of the pair. A distance between the wrinkles of the pair is at most 0.2 μm.
A method and system for encrypted messaging includes first and second client devices and a quantum key device having a quantum random number generator. The generator provides a first quantum random signal, and the key device provides a symmetric first master key from the first quantum random signal. The master key is transmitted to the first client device and stored. The key device uses the master key to generate an encrypted package by encrypting one of a plurality of keys. The key device generates a second encrypted package. The first pairing key is provided to the first client device by decrypting the first encrypted package using the first master key and providing the first pairing key in the second client device by decrypting the second encrypted package using the second master key to establish an encrypted connection between the first and second client devices.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 9/30 - Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert and users' encryption keys not requiring secrecy
A method for encrypted messaging in a system is presented, wherein the system comprises a first client device (io), a second client device (11), and a quantum key device (12) comprising a quantum random number generator (12d). The method comprises:¨ generating, by the quantum random number generator (12d), a first quantum random signal;¨ generating, by the quantum key device (12), a symmetric first master key from the first quantum random signal;¨ transmitting the first master key to the first client device (io), and storing the first master key in an encrypted first client container in the first client device (1o);¨ generating, by the quantum key device (12) and using the first master key, a first encrypted package by encrypting a first pairing key of a plurality of pairing keys being symmetric and assigned to the first client device (io) and the second cli-ent device (11);¨ generating, by the quantum key device (12), a second encrypted package by en-crypting the first pairing key using a second master key and transmitting the first encrypted package to the first client device (io) and the second encrypted package to the second client device (11);¨ providing the first pairing key in the first client device (1o) by decrypting the first encrypted package using the first master key and providing the first pairing key in the second client device (11) by decrypting the second encrypted package using the second master key; and¨ establishing a first encrypted connection between the first client device (io) and the second client device (11) using the first pairing key.
G06F 7/58 - Random or pseudo-random number generators
H04L 9/28 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols using particular encryption algorithm
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
38.
WAVEGUIDE FOR LOW LOSS, HIGH SPEED ELECTRO-OPTICAL MODULATOR
A waveguide device comprises a substrate comprising an electro-optical material; a waveguide formed in the electro-optical material; and a plurality of electrodes formed in a vicinity of the waveguide. The electro-optical material has a first refractive index. The waveguide comprises a plurality of tracks. The tracks comprise a second refractive index smaller than the first refractive index, are parallel to each other with a common direction defining a direction of the waveguide, and form an arrangement in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the waveguide. The arrangement comprises at least 40 equilateral triangles of identical side lengths, wherein all three corners of each of the equilateral triangles each coincide with a different track of the plurality of tracks in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the waveguide.
G02F 1/035 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
39.
WAVEGUIDE FOR LOW LOSS, HIGH SPEED ELECTRO-OPTICAL MODULATOR
A waveguide device comprises a substrate comprising an electro-optical material; a waveguide formed in the electro-optical material; and a plurality of electrodes formed in a vicinity of the waveguide. The electro-optical material has a first refractive index. The waveguide comprises a plurality of tracks. The tracks comprise a second refractive index smaller than the first refractive index, are parallel to each other with a common direction defining a direction of the waveguide, and form an arrangement in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the waveguide. The arrangement comprises at least 40 equilateral triangles of identical side lengths, wherein all three corners of each of the equilateral triangles each coincide with a different track of the plurality of tracks in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the waveguide.
G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
G02B 6/13 - Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
G02F 1/03 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
40.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PERFORMING CRYPTOCURRENCY ASSET TRANSACTIONS
The disclosure relates to a method and a system for performing cryptocurrency asset transactions, the method, in the system comprising a plurality of data processing devices, comprising the following steps:¨ generating, by a server, at least one first target cryptocurrency key pair and at least one corresponding first target cryptocurrency address of a first cryptocurrency and storing the at least one first target cryptocurrency key pair and the at least one first target cryptocurrency address on the server;¨ transferring at least one first cryptocurrency asset from at least one initial cryptocurrency address to the at least one first target cryptocurrency address employing a first cryptocurrency protocol;¨ in reaction to determining that a cryptocurrency asset has been transferred:¨ providing a first password in a first user device; and¨ providing, by the server, first user data assigned to a first user with a first vault asset corresponding to the at least one first cryptocurrency asset;¨ transmitting the first password from the first user device to the server via a first communication channel employing a first quantum key distribution protocol, and verifying the first password by the server; and¨ in reaction to the first password having been verified:¨ removing, by the server, a second vault asset from the first user data;¨ transmitting at least one second target cryptocurrency key pair and at least one corresponding second target cryptocurrency address of at least one second cryptocurrency asset corresponding to the second vault asset from the server to the first user device via the first communication channel employing the first quantum key distribution protocol or providing, by the server, second user data assigned to a second user with the second vault asset.
A system and method incudes generating a first target cryptocurrency key pair and a corresponding first target cryptocurrency address. A first cryptocurrency asset is transferred from to the first target cryptocurrency address employing a first cryptocurrency protocol, while providing a first password in a first user device and first user data assigned to a first user with a first vault asset corresponding to the at least one first cryptocurrency asset. The first password is transmitted from the first device to the server employing a first quantum key distribution protocol. Upon verification of the first key, a second vault asset is removed from the first user data, and a second target cryptocurrency key pair and a corresponding second target cryptocurrency address of a second cryptocurrency asset corresponding to the second vault asset are transmitted from the server to the first user device employing the first quantum key distribution protocol.
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/14 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms
42.
THERMAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC GENERATION AND SWITCHING OF CHIRALITY IN FERROELECTRICS
A nanostructured ferroelectric (300) is adapted to provide a high-temperature state and a low-temperature ferroelectric state. In the low-temperature ferroelectric state the nanostructured ferroelectric has a polarization state from a plurality of polarization states. The plurality of polarization states comprises at least a first chiral polarization state with a first chirality (102R) and a second chiral polarization state with a second chirality (102L) different from the first chirality. A method for generating a nanostructured ferroelectric (300) with a predefined chirality comprises: Selecting the predefined chirality from the first chirality (102R) and the second chirality (102L); selecting an electromagnetic field (506) according to the predefined chirality; providing the nanostructured ferroelectric (300) in the high-temperature state; applying the electromagnetic field (506) to the nanostructured ferroelectric (300) in the high-temperature state; and cooling, while applying the electromagnetic field (506), the nanostructured ferroelectric (300) from the high-temperature state to the low-temperature ferroelectric state to establish the polarization state of the nanostructured ferroelectric (300) with the predefined chirality.
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
C30B 33/04 - After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure using electric or magnetic fields or particle radiation
G02B 1/08 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements made of polarising materials
43.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A QUANTUM COMMUNICATION SETUP, QUANTUM COMMUNICATION SETUP, COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
A method for determining a quantum communication setup includes providing a component set indicative of a quantum communication setup comprising quantum communication components; selecting an action of a set of actions each indicative of a further quantum communication component; including the selected further quantum communication component in the component set; determining, from the component set, a quantum model; determining, from the component set and the quantum model, a maximum key rate by optimizing over an optimization parameter set comprising quantum communication component parameters; adjusting the reward value depending on the size of the maximum key rate in relation to a previous maximum key rate; and iteratively repeating the above steps until a termination criterion is satisfied, yielding an optimal component set and an optimal setup parameter set.
A method for determining a quantum communication setup is carried out in a data processing system and comprises: providing a component set indicative of a quantum communication setup comprising quantum communication components of at least one of a first communication device (40), a second communication device (43), and an eavesdropping device (44); selecting an action of a set of actions each indicative of a further quantum communication component and each selectable with a selection probability depending on the component set and a reward value; including the selected further quantum communication component in the component set; determining, from the component set, a quantum model comprising a quantum state of at least one of the first communication device (40), the second communication device (43), and the eavesdropping device (44); determining, from the component set and the quantum model, a maximum key rate by optimizing over an optimization parameter set comprising quantum com-munication component parameters; adjusting the reward value depending on the size of the maximum key rate in relation to a previous maximum key rate; and iteratively repeating the above steps until a termination criterion is satisfied, yielding an optimal component set and an optimal setup parameter set.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
10 - Medical apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Software; application software; software for monitoring,
analysing, controlling and running physical world
operations; utility, security and cryptography software;
computers and computer hardware; software for artificial
intelligence for analysis, healthcare, surveillance;
artificial intelligence software and machine learning
software; scientific, research and laboratory apparatus and
simulators; data processing equipment and accessories;
devices for the monitoring and analysis of rapidly evolving
processes; software for the monitoring and analysis of
rapidly evolving processes; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
apparatus, not for medical purposes; image capturing and
developing devices; measuring devices; sensors, detectors
and monitoring instruments and apparatus. Medical diagnostic, examination, and monitoring equipment;
electrocardiogram devices; sensors [measurement apparatus],
detectors and electronic monitoring instruments for medical
purposes. Technical and scientific consultancy services relating to
computer hardware and software; design of computer software;
development, programming and implementation of software;
research in the field of artificial intelligence; design
services relating to the development of computer-based
information processing systems; development and testing of
computing methods, algorithms and software; design,
development, programming and implementation of neural
networks.
46.
Method for determining a cryptographic key, computer program, and data processing system
A method for determining a cryptographic key is carried out in a data processing system, and comprises: providing a plaintext and a ciphertext determined from the plaintext using a cryptographic key and a cryptographic procedure which comprises cryptographic operations; for each cryptographic operation of the cryptographic procedure, providing at least one intermediate relation which comprises an intermediate equation and/or an intermediate inequality; determining an optimization problem comprising: the plaintext and the ciphertext; at least one optimization expression assigned to a round of the cryptographic procedure; and optimization variables comprising state variables of the cryptographic procedure and a cryptographic key variable; wherein the at least one optimization expression is determined from the at least one intermediate relation and comprises at least one preceding state variable assigned to a preceding round. The method further comprises: solving the optimization problem and determining the cryptographic key from an optimizing value of the cryptographic key variable.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06N 10/60 - Quantum algorithms, e.g. based on quantum optimisation, or quantum Fourier or Hadamard transforms
47.
HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING QUBIT AND FABRICATION METHOD
A high-temperature superconducting qubit implements a quantum mechanical two-level system. The high-temperature superconducting qubit comprises a first superconductor, a second superconductor, and an overlap region. The first superconductor comprises a first high-temperature superconductor material. The second superconductor comprises a second high-temperature superconductor material. In the overlap region, at least a first section of the first surface and at least a second section of the second surface overlap, the first section and the second section are arranged in parallel at a distance corresponding to a predefined distance, and the first orientation and the second orientation are arranged with an angle corresponding to a predefined angle. The high-temperature superconducting qubit comprises a Josephson junction between the first high-temperature superconductor material and the second high-temperature superconductor material. The Josephson junction provides the quantum mechanical two-level system of the high-temperature superconducting qubit.
H01L 39/22 - Devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, e.g. Josephson-effect devices
H01L 27/18 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including components exhibiting superconductivity
G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
48.
A HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING QUBIT AND FABRICATION METHOD
A high-temperature superconducting qubit is adapted to implement a quantum mechanical two-level system. The high-temperature superconducting qubit comprises a first superconductor, a second superconductor, and an overlap region. The first superconductor comprises a first high-temperature superconductor material comprising a first surface and a first orientation. The second superconductor comprises a second high-temperature superconductor material comprising a second surface and a second orientation. In the overlap region, at least a first section of the first surface and at least a second section of the second surface overlap, the first section and the second section are arranged in parallel at a distance corresponding to a predefined distance, and the first orientation and the second orientation are arranged with an angle corresponding to a predefined angle. The high-temperature superconducting qubit comprises a Josephson junction between the first high-temperature superconductor material and the second high-temperature superconductor material. The Josephson junction is adapted to provide the quantum mechanical two-level system of the high-temperature superconducting qubit.
A method for converting physiological signals includes: obtaining a first signal as a function of a time parameter, wherein the first signal represents electrocardiogram data; obtaining a second signal as a function of the time parameter, wherein the second signal represents physiological data different from the electrocardiogram data; mixing the first signal and the second signal to obtain a mixed signal; and generating a frequency spectrum pertaining to the mixed signal.
The disclosure relates to a method for converting physiological signals, comprising: obtaining a first signal as a function of a time parameter, wherein the first signal represents electrocardiogram data; obtaining a second signal as a function of the time parameter, wherein the second signal represents physiological data different from the electrocardiogram data; mixing the first signal and the second signal to obtain a mixed signal; and generating a frequency spectrum pertaining to the mixed signal.
G16H 50/20 - ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data miningICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
51.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY, COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
A method for determining a cryptographic key is carried out in a data processing system (20), and comprises: providing a plaintext and a ciphertext determined from the plaintext using a cryptographic key and a cryptographic procedure which comprises cryptographic operations; for each cryptographic operation of the cryptographic procedure, providing at least one inter-mediate relation which comprises an intermediate equation and/or an intermediate inequal-ity; determining an optimization problem comprising: the plaintext and the ciphertext; at least one optimization expression assigned to a round of the cryptographic procedure; and optimi-zation variables comprising state variables of the cryptographic procedure and a cryptographic key variable; wherein the at least one optimization expression is determined from the at least one intermediate relation and comprises at least one preceding state variable assigned to a preceding round. The method further comprises: solving the optimization problem and deter-mining the cryptographic key from an optimizing value of the cryptographic key variable.
G06F 21/62 - Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
G06N 10/60 - Quantum algorithms, e.g. based on quantum optimisation, or quantum Fourier or Hadamard transforms
G09C 1/00 - Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
10 - Medical apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Downloadable Software for accomplishing the input, processing, output, storage, and control activities of information systems, for text processing, presentations, spreadsheets, desktop publishing, graphics, multimedia, database applications, and data storage; Downloadable application software which contains executable code for mobile phones, portable media players, handheld computers, calculators for executing phone calls, sending and receiving messages, mobile webbrowsing features, e-mail functionality, music player functionality, video playback, personal information manager, ID facial recognition taking still images and videos, secure wireless transactions, and computation tasks; software for monitoring, analysing, and controlling physical world operations of audio and video devices; downloadable software which contains executable code for accessing utility, security and cryptography executing ciphering and communication of the encoded data, and protecting the stored and transmitted data; computers and computer hardware; downloadable software which contains executable code using artificial intelligence for analysis of databases, database management, generated word processing, and healthcare diagnostics for the healthcare industry, and for clinical and epidemiology surveillance; downloadable software which contains executable code for using artificial intelligence and machine learning for use in the field of programs for facial and speech recognition, patterns of algorithms recognition, patterns of learning recognition, patterns for using in the software development, patterns of the mental processes; scientific, research and laboratory apparatus and simulators, namely laboratory equipment and accessories for applications and research utilizing the computer control, in the nature of neuroscience equipment namely, analytical instruments for use with air sampling, calorimetry, colorimetry, chromatography, mass spectrometers, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray analytical tools, pH meters, NMR devices; data processing equipment; data processing accessories, namely customer relationship management equipment being real-time transaction processing devices, reservation management devices, and point of sale terminals; computer hardware devices for the monitoring and analysis of rapidly evolving processes, namely electronic monitors and monitor modules for monitoring radioactive and particle radiation; software for the monitoring and analysis of rapidly evolving processes, namely shifts in radioactive and particle radiation; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus, not for medical purposes; image capturing and image developing devices, namely cameras; sensors, radiation detectors and monitoring instruments and apparatus being wired and wireless controllers to monitor the functioning of other electronic devices; none of the aforementioned in the field of seismology Medical diagnostic, and examination equipment, namely Blood Glucose Monitors, Blood Pressure Monitors, ENT Diagnostic Instruments, Fall Monitoring Systems, Medical Oxygen Sensors, Oxygen and Nitrogen Analyzers, Patient Monitors, Patient Wandering, Pulmanory Assist Devices, Pulse Oximetry Accessories, and Pulse Oximeters, and medical monitoring equipment for monitoring vital signs, blood properties, and respiratory events; electrocardiogram devices, namely electrocardiogram monitors, ECG testing machines, handheld ECG devices for atrial fibrillation; sensors for measuring heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse rate, posture, activity, and diagnosis; detectors being medical devices for detecting shifts in heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse rate, posture, and physical activity; electronic monitoring instruments being Blood Glucose Monitors, Blood Pressure Monitors, ENT Diagnostic Instruments, Fall Monitoring Systems, Medical Oxygen Sensors, Oxygen and Nitrogen Analyzers, Patient Monitors, and Pulse Oximeters for medical purposes; none of the aforementioned in the field of seismology Technical and scientific consultancy services, namely, research and development services for others in the fields of computer hardware and computer software; design of computer software; development, programming and implementation of software; research in the field of artificial intelligence; design services relating to the development of computer-based information processing systems being computer software and computer hardware; development and testing of computing methods, computer algorithms and computer software; design, development, programming and implementation of neural networks being artificial intelligence computing methods; none of the aforementioned in the field of seismology
53.
Field effect transistor with a negative capacitance gate structure
A field effect transistor has a negative capacitance gate structure. The field effect transistor comprises a channel and a gate dielectric arranged over the channel. The negative capacitance gate structure comprises a bottom electrode structure comprising a bottom electrode, a multi-domain structure, and a top electrode structure. The multi-domain structure comprises a multi-domain element arranged over the bottom electrode, the multi-domain element comprising a plurality of topological domains and at least one topological domain wall. The top electrode structure comprises a top electrode arranged over the multi-domain element. At least a section of the bottom electrode structure of the negative capacitance gate structure is arranged over the gate dielectric and adapted to be coupled to the channel through the gate dielectric.
H01L 29/10 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode not carrying current to be rectified, amplified, or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
H01L 29/06 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions
H01L 29/08 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode carrying current to be rectified, amplified, or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
H01L 29/41 - Electrodes characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
54.
FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR WITH A NEGATIVE CAPACITANCE GATE STRUCTURE
A field effect transistor has a negative capacitance gate structure. The field effect transistor comprises a channel and a gate dielectric arranged over the channel. The negative capacitance gate structure comprises a bottom electrode structure comprising a bottom electrode, a multi-domain structure, and a top electrode structure. The multi-domain structure comprises a multi-domain element arranged over the bottom electrode, the multi-domain element comprising a plurality of topological domains and at least one topological domain wall. The top electrode structure comprises a top electrode arranged over the multi-domain element. At least a section of the bottom electrode structure of the negative capacitance gate structure is arranged over the gate dielectric and adapted to be coupled to the channel through the gate dielectric.
A method employs a device with a heterostructure as a resonator for electrons of an electrical circuit or for a terahertz electromagnetic wave. The heterostructure comprises at least one dielectric layer and at least one ferroelectric layer. The at least one ferroelectric layer comprises a plurality of ferroelectric polarization domains. The plurality of ferroelectric polarization domains forms a polarization pattern. The polarization pattern is adapted to perform an oscillation with a resonance frequency in a terahertz frequency range. The method comprises functionally coupling the oscillation of the polarization pattern and an oscillation of the electrons of the electrical circuit or of the terahertz electromagnetic wave by the device.
G01N 21/3581 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared lightInvestigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using Terahertz radiation
The disclosure relates to a method of employing a device with a heterostructure as a resonator for electrons of an electrical circuit or for a terahertz electromagnetic wave. The heterostructure comprises at least one dielectric layer and at least one ferroelectric layer. The at least one ferroelectric layer comprises a plurality of ferroelectric polarization domains. The plurality of ferroelectric polarization domains forms a polarization pattern. The polarization pattern is adapted to perform an oscillation with a resonance frequency in a terahertz frequency range. The method comprises functionally coupling the oscillation of the polarization pattern and an oscillation of the electrons of the electrical circuit or of the terahertz electromagnetic wave by the device.
H03B 5/30 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator
H03H 9/00 - Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elementsElectromechanical resonators
H10N 70/00 - Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
A system and method for determining a secret cryptographic key shared between a sending unit and a receiving unit by using a communication channel comprising spatially separated amplifiers for secure long-distance communication includes transmitting a sequence of electromagnetic pulses via the communication channel through the amplifiers for establishing a shared secret cryptographic key, wherein each electromagnetic pulse corresponds to a bit of a random bit sequence according to a ciphering protocol, and at least one ciphering parameter is determined by maximizing the expected key generation rate using an information theory model, wherein a measured signal loss and at least one amplification parameter are taken into account as input parameters to the information theory model.
A system and method for quantum key distribution includes determining an intrinsic loss along a quantum channel; generating a pulse sequence; transmitting the pulse sequence via the quantum channel; receiving the pulse sequence; determining invalid signal positions and providing the invalid signal positions; determining a first reconciled signal from the first signal and the invalid signal positions, and determining a second reconciled signal from the second signal and the invalid signal positions; determining a total loss along the quantum channel from the at least one test pulse received, determining a signal loss from the total loss and the intrinsic loss, and providing the signal loss; determining a shared by error correcting the first reconciled signal and the second reconciled signal; and determining an amplified key from the shared key by shortening the shared key by a shortening amount that is determined from the signal loss.
A method is provided for determining a secret cryptographic key shared between a sending unit (1) and a receiving unit (2) by using a communication channel (3) comprising spatially separated amplifiers (4) for secure long-distance communication. The method comprises transmitting a sequence of electromagnetic pulses (6) via the communication channel (3) through the amplifiers (4) for establishing a shared secret cryptographic key, wherein each electromagnetic pulse corresponds to a bit of a random bit sequence according to a ciphering protocol, and at least one ciphering parameter is determined by maximizing the expected key generation rate using an information theory model, wherein a measured signal loss and at least one amplification parameter are taken into account as input parameters to the information theory model.
H03M 13/11 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
A method for quantum key distribution comprises: determining an intrinsic loss along a quantum channel between a first and a second data processing device (10,11); generating a pulse sequence comprising a test pulse and signal pulses and transmitting the pulse sequence from the first data processing device (10) to the second data processing device (11); determining a second signal from the pulse sequence, first and second reconciled signals, a total loss along the quantum channel (13) from the test pulse and a signal loss from the total loss and the intrinsic loss, a shared key in the first and the second data processing device (10,11) by error correcting the first and second reconciled signals; and an amplified key from the shared key by shortening the shared key by a shortening amount determined from the signal loss.
A system method for quantum key includes providing an initial key in a first data processing device and a second data processing device; providing, in the second data processing device, a quantum signal comprising a plurality of quantum states; determining, in the second data processing device, a plurality of quantum measurement parameters, a raw signal by quantum measuring the plurality of quantum states employing the plurality of quantum measurement parameters; generating with the initial key, in the second data processing device, an encrypted signal; determining, in at least one of the first data processing device and the second data processing device, a reconciled signal from the encrypted signal; determining, in at least one of the first data processing device and the second data processing device, a shared key from the reconciled signal by correcting the first reconciled signal.
A method of driving a quantum computational network for finding a solution to a computational problem comprising a system of linear binary relations includes initializing computation qubits, applying a set of quantum gates and measuring an outcome state. A solution is determined based on a plurality of solution candidates, wherein a state of the register qubits is associated with a select one of the binary relations and a state of the ancilla qubits is associated with a solution candidate for the select one of the binary relations. The solution is then iteratively improved.
G06N 10/20 - Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
G06N 10/80 - Quantum programming, e.g. interfaces, languages or software-development kits for creating or handling programs capable of running on quantum computersPlatforms for simulating or accessing quantum computers, e.g. cloud-based quantum computing
63.
HYBRID QUANTUM COMPUTATION ARCHITECTURE FOR SOLVING A SYSTEM OF LINEAR BINARY RELATIONS
A method of driving a quantum computational network for finding a solution to a computational problem comprising a system of linear binary relations is provided, the method comprising: initializing computation qubits, applying a set of quantum gates to the computation qubits and measuring an outcome state, and determining a solution for thesystem of linear binary relations associated with the variational parameters 49 based on a plurality of solution candidates for the individual relations of the system of linear binary relations encoded in the outcome state, wherein a state of the register qubits is associated with a select one of the binary relations and a state of the ancilla qubits is associated with a solution candidate for the select one of the binary relations, and wherein the solution is iteratively improved by, determining a plurality of partial derivatives of the set of quantumgates with respect to the variational parameters 49 with the quantum computational network, determining a gradient of a cost function for the system of linear binary relations based on the plurality of partial derivatives of the set of quantum gates, wherein the cost function associates a cost to a solution candidate for the system of linear binary relations encoded in the outcome state of the computation qubits, and wherein the cost comprises an individual relation penalty associated with a mismatch between the sides of each of the relations and an inconsistency penalty associated with a clash of the value of the same variable in different linear binary relations after repeatedly measuring the computation qubits, and by updatingthe variational parameters e based on an update function of a moving average over the gradient of the cost function and of a moving average over the squared gradient of the cost function.
A method for quantum key distribution in a system comprising a plurality of data processing devices comprises: providing an initial key in a first device and a second device; providing, in the second device, a quantum signal comprising a plurality of quantum states; determining, in the second device, a plurality of quantum measurement parameters; determining, in the second device, a raw signal by quantum measuring the plurality of quantum states employing the plurality of quantum measurement parameters; generating with the initial key, in the second device, an encrypted signal indicating at least one of the plurality of quantum measurement parameters and transmitting the encrypted signal to the first device; determining, in the first device and/or the second device, a reconciled signal from the encrypted signal; determining, in the first device and/or the second device, a shared key from the reconciled signal by correcting the reconciled signal.
A method for determining a preimage element of a cryptographic hash function includes providing an output value of a cryptographic hash function and hash function operations of the cryptographic hash function; for each of the hash function operations, determining at least one hash function relation, comprising an equation and/or an inequality; determining an optimization problem comprising: the output value, at least one constraint assigned to an iteration of the cryptographic hash function, and optimization variables comprising internal state variables of the cryptographic hash function and at least one preimage variable, wherein the at least one constraint is determined from the at least one hash function relation and comprises preceding internal state variables assigned to a preceding iteration; and solving the optimization problem and determining a preimage element of the cryptographic hash function from an optimizing value of the at least one preimage variable.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
66.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A PREIMAGE ELEMENT OF A CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH FUNCTION, COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
A method for determining a preimage element of a cryptographic hash function is car-ried out in a data processing system and comprises providing an output value of a cryp-tographic hash function and hash function operations of the cryptographic hash func-tion; for each of the hash function operations, determining at least one hash function re-lation, comprising an equation and/or an inequality; determining an optimization prob-lem comprising: the output value, at least one constraint assigned to an iteration of the cryptographic hash function, and optimization variables comprising internal state varia-bles of the cryptographic hash function and at least one preimage variable, wherein the at least one constraint is determined from the at least one hash function relation and comprises preceding internal state variables assigned to a preceding iteration; and solv-ing the optimization problem and determining a preimage element of the cryptographic hash function from an optimizing value of the at least one preimage variable.
A system and method for determining a secret crypto-graphic key shared between a sending unit and a receiving unit for secure communication includes obtaining, by the sending unit, a random bit sequence, and transmitting, at the sending unit, a first sequence of electromagnetic pulses to the receiving unit via a communication channel, wherein each electro-magnetic pulse of the first sequence of electromagnetic pulses corresponds to a bit of the random bit sequence according to a ciphering protocol, the signal loss is determined in the communication channel caused by an eavesdropper, and an information advantage is estimated over the eavesdropper based on the determined signal loss. Privacy amplification is performed based on the estimated information advantage in order to establish a shared secret crypto-graphic key.
The disclosure relates to a method for determining a secret crypto-graphic key shared between a sending unit (1) and a receiving unit (2) for secure communication. The method comprises obtaining, by the sending unit, a random bit sequence, and transmitting, at the sending unit (1), a first sequence of electromagnetic pulses (Li) to the receiving unit (2) via a communication channel (3). Thereby, each electromag-netic pulse of the first sequence of electromagnetic pulses (Li) corre-sponds to a bit of the random bit sequence according to a ciphering pro-tocol. The method further comprises determining a signal loss in the communication channel (3) caused by an eavesdropper (4), and esti-mating an information advantage over the eavesdropper (4) based on the determined signal loss. The method further comprises performing privacy amplification based on the estimated information advantage in order to establish a shared secret cryptographic key.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
A system and method for determining a nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time of a probe includes polarizing first nuclei and second nuclei by applying a longitudinal static magnetic field to the probe, exchanging the polarizations of the first nuclei and the second nuclei by irradiating a swap sequence of transverse magnetic field pulses, transversely magnetizing the second nuclei by irradiating at least one excitation pulse and measuring the resulting magnetization signal of the second nuclei, and determining the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time of the second nuclei based on the measured magnetization signal of the second nuclei.
The disclosure relates to a method of driving a quantum computational network for determining an extremal value of a cost function for solutions of a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem, the method comprising: initializing qubits, sequentially applying layers of quantum gates to the qubits, wherein each layer comprises multi-qubit quantum gates acting on a plurality of qubits and a plurality of variational quantum gates with two eigenvalues and variable actions onto the qubits, wherein the variable actions of the variational quantum gates of the layers of quantum gates form a set of variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)}, and determining an output state of the quantum computational network for obtaining a solution associated with the set of variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)}, wherein each binary variable of the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem is associated with a computational basis state of the register qubits, and the solution is obtained by evaluating the probabilities of measuring the computational basis states corresponding to the binary variables, and wherein the solution is iteratively improved by, determining an output state for shifted variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)}* to evaluate a partial derivative with respect to the subset of the variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)} for determining a gradient of the cost function based on the output state for the shifted variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)}*, and by updating the variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)}based on an update function of a moving average over the gradient of the cost function and of a moving average over the squared gradient of the cost function.
The disclosure relates to a method of driving a quantum computational network for determining an extremal value of a cost function for solutions of a QUBO problem comprising: initializing qubits, sequentially applying layers of quantum gates to the qubits, each layer comprising a plurality of variational quantum gates with variable actions onto the qubits forming a set of variational parameters, and determining an output state of the quantum computational network for obtaining a solution by evaluating the probabilities of measuring the computational basis states, and wherein the solution is iteratively improved by, determining an output state for symmetrically shifted variational parameters for each variational quantum gate for determining a gradient of the cost function , and by updating the variational parameters based on an update function of a moving average over the gradient of the cost function and of a moving average over the squared gradient of the cost function.
The invention relates to a method of determining a nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time of a probe (P). The method comprises a first step (S1) of polarizing first nuclei (H) and second nuclei (N) by applying a longitudinal static magnetic field (Bo) to the probe (P), a second step (S2) of exchanging the polarizations of the first nuclei (H) and the second nuclei (N) by irradiating a swap sequence (SWAP) of transverse magnetic field pulses, a third step (S3) of transversely magnetizing the second nuclei (N) by irradiating at least one excitation pulse (EXC) and measuring the resulting magnetization signal (FID) of the second nuclei (N), and a fourth step (S4) of determining the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time of the second nuclei (N) based on the measured magnetization signal (FID) of the second nuclei (N).
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Downloadable software which contains executable code for accomplishing the input, processing, output, storage, and control activities of information systems, for text processing, presentations,
spreadsheets, desktop publishing, graphics, multimedia, database applications, and data storage; Downloadable application software which contains executable code for mobile phones, portable media players, handheld computers, calculators for executing phone calls, sending and receiving messages, mobile web-browsing features, e-mail functionality, music player functionality, video playback, personal information manager, ID facial recognition, taking still images and videos, secure wireless transactions, and computation tasks; Downloadable software which contains executable code for accessing cryptography, security and utility executing ciphering and communication of the encoded data, protecting the stored and transmitted data, and controlling functioning of the data handling devices; Computers and computer hardware; Downloadable software which contains executable code using artificial intelligence for analysis of the databases, database management, generated word processing, and the healthcare diagnostics for the healthcare industry, for clinical surveillance, for public health surveillance, for epidemiology surveillance; Downloadable software which contains
executable code for using artificial intelligence and machine learning for use in the field of programs for facial and speech recognition, patterns of algorithms recognition, patterns of learning recognition, patterns for using in the software development, patterns of the mental processes; equipment for therapeutic, surgery, and laser treatment purposes Technological and scientific consultancy services relating to computer hardware and software in the field of the study of the theory, design, implementation, and performance of computer software and computer systems, namely the study of computability and computation itself, design of computer hardware and of computer-based devices, applying information technology to solving problems, in the area of businesses and other enterprises; Computer system design services relating to computerized information processing systems; Development and testing of computing
methods, namely, mathematical computer software in the nature of algorithms and computer software; Design, development, programming and implementation of computer software in the nature of neural networks
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
10 - Medical apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Software; Application software; Software for monitoring, analysing, controlling and running physical world operations; Cryptography, security and utility software; Computers and computer hardware; Artificial intelligence software for analysis, healthcare, surveillance; Artificial intelligence and machine learning software; Scientific research and laboratory apparatus, and simulators; Date processing equipment and accessories; Devices for the monitoring and analysis of rapidly evolving processes; Software for the monitoring and analysis of rapidly evolving processes; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus, not for medical purposes; Image capturing and developing devices; Measuring devices; measurement apparatus; Sensors, detectors and monitoring instruments. Medical diagnostic, examination, and monitoring equipment; Electrocardiogram devices; Sensors, detectors and monitoring instruments, for medical purposes. Technical and scientific consultancy services relating to computer hardware and software; Software design; Software development, programming and implementation; Research in the field of artificial intelligence; Design services relating to computerised information processing systems; Development and testing of computing methods, algorithms and software; Design, development, programming and implementation of neural networks.
