An integrated circuit is provided, comprising a semiconductor layer, a superconducting qubit, a dielectric layer, and at least one electrical component. The semiconductor layer comprises a transistor. The superconducting qubit comprises a capacitor, a silicon nitride layer, and layers of high-critical-temperature superconductor material. The layers of high-critical-temperature superconductor material form a Josephson junction between them. The Josephson junction is electrically coupled to the capacitor. At least a section of the silicon nitride layer is arranged between the capacitor and the Josephson junction. The dielectric layer is arranged between the semiconductor layer and the superconducting qubit. The at least one electrical component couples the superconducting qubit to the transistor.
A computer-implemented method for implementing a hybrid quantum-classical machine learning model including a variational quantum circuit with a first and a second layer comprising preparing a set of computation qubits in a superposition state, constructing the first layer of the variational quantum circuit acting on register qubits and comprising encoding gates and a first conditional variational quantum gate acting on a register qubit according to a first variational parameter conditional on a first quantum state of the computation qubits and a second conditional variational quantum gate acting on the register qubit according to a second variational parameter conditional on a second quantum state of the computation qubits; constructing a second layer acting on the computation qubits and comprising variational quantum gates acting on the computation qubits according to respective second layer variational parameters, obtaining candidate outputs based on a measurable quantum state of the computation qubits; and performing post-selection of the candidate outputs based on the state of the register qubits being in a pre-determined state.
A method for quantum key distribution is provided, the method being carried out in a first data processing device (11) having means for preparing and transmitting quantum states, the method comprising: providing at least one secret index information key; generating a quantum signal indicative of a first initial string and transmitting the quantum signal to a second data processing device (12) via a quantum channel (10); determining, by reconciling measurement information between the first data processing device (11) and the second data processing device (12), a first reconciled string from a reconciliation subset of the first initial string; determining an error es- timate from an error estimate subset of the first reconciled string; determining a shared string from an error correction subset of the first reconciled string by performing error correction on the first reconciled string; and determining, by privacy amplification, a shared key from a priva- cy amplification subset of the shared string, wherein the order of elements within at least one of the first initial string, the first reconciled string, the shared string, the reconciliation subset, the error estimate subset, the error correction subset, and the privacy amplification subset is scram- bled using the at least one index information key before transmission to the second data pro- cessing device (12). Further methods, data processing devices, and a system for quantum key distribution are disclosed.
A photodetector device is provided for photodetection when a photosensitive element of the photodetector device has a temperature below 4.2 K. The photodetector device (10) comprises the photosensitive element (2). At least a portion of a surface of the photosensitive element (2) defines an active area (4) of the photodetector device. Electrical contacts (6) are provided to the photosensitive element. The photosensitive element (2) is adapted to provide a current between at least two of the electrical contacts (6) when a photon is absorbed in a section of the photosensitive element underlying the active area. The photodetector device is characterized in that the photosensitive element (2) comprises a superinsulator material.
H10F 30/00 - Dispositifs individuels à semi-conducteurs sensibles au rayonnement dans lesquels le rayonnement commande le flux de courant à travers les dispositifs, p. ex. photodétecteurs
G01J 1/42 - Photométrie, p. ex. posemètres photographiques en utilisant des détecteurs électriques de radiations
A computer-implemented method for solving an optimizing problem given a function, the method comprising obtaining an approximation of the function in the form of an approximated matrix product operator (MPO) representation of the function, selecting an approximation rank based on the approximated MPO representation, determining a rank-based orthogonal approximation of the approximated MPO representation in the form of an orthogonal MPO with isometric sub-tensors of the approximation rank, encoding the orthogonal approximation into a quantum circuit based on encodings of the isometric sub-tensors into quantum gates, and encoding a n arbitrary power of the orthogonal approximation based on applying the quantum circuit multiple times in a concatenated sequence of quantum circuits to an input quantum state.
LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FÜR FESTKÖRPER- UND WERKSTOFFFORSCHUNG DRESDEN E.V. (Allemagne)
CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE (CNR) (Italie)
Inventeur(s)
Ceccardi, Michele
Pallecchi, Ilaria
Caglieris, Federico
Shokri, Sanaz
Confalone, Tommaso
Nielsch, Kornelius
Poccia, Nicola
Vinokur, Valerii M.
Abrégé
A method is provided for measuring a voltage between a first position and a second position along a sample. Said voltage is induced by a temperature gradient in a region between the first position and the second position. A contact layer is provided separate from the sample. The contact layer comprises a silicon nitride layer and a plurality of conductive contact elements. The plurality of conductive contact elements comprises a first conductive contact element and a second conductive contact element. The silicon nitride layer electrically insulates said first and second conductive contact elements from one another. The method comprises arranging the contact layer over the sample such that the first conductive contact element forms a first electrical contact with the sample at the first position along the sample and that the second conductive contact element forms a second electrical contact with the sample at the second position along the sample. The method further comprises providing heat to the sample to generate said temperature difference, and measuring the voltage between the first conductive contact element and the second conductive contact element. Also, a contact layer for said method is provided. The contact layer comprises the silicon nitride layer, the conductive contact elements, and a heating element adapted to provide the heat to the sample to generate said temperature gradient. The silicon nitride layer is sufficiently thin for the contact layer to be mechanically flexible. Optionally, the contact layer comprises at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the vicinity of at least one of the conductive contact elements.
G01K 7/02 - Mesure de la température basée sur l'utilisation d'éléments électriques ou magnétiques directement sensibles à la chaleur utilisant des éléments thermo-électriques, p. ex. des thermocouples
G01N 27/00 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par l'emploi de moyens électriques, électrochimiques ou magnétiques
G01R 19/00 - Dispositions pour procéder aux mesures de courant ou de tension ou pour en indiquer l'existence ou le signe
G01K 1/143 - SupportsDispositifs de fixationDispositions pour le montage de thermomètres en des endroits particuliers pour la mesure de la température de surfaces
G01K 3/14 - Thermomètres donnant une indication autre que la valeur instantanée de la température fournissant des différences de valeursThermomètres donnant une indication autre que la valeur instantanée de la température fournissant des valeurs différenciées par rapport à l'espace
7.
METHOD FOR PREDICTING A TRAINING TIME OF A QUANTUM CIRCUIT BASED MACHINE LEARNING MODEL
A computer-implemented method for estimating a predicted training time for training a quantum-circuit based machine learning model comprising a variational quantum circuit, said method comprising the steps of receiving a quantum circuit architecture of the variational quantum circuit to be assessed for obtaining quantum circuit parameters of the variational quantum circuit including a qubit number, a number of variational qubit gates, and a number of entangling gates; providing the quantum circuit parameters to a predictor machine learning model trained to predict an execution time of the quantum circuit to generate a predicted execution time for the quantum circuit parameters; and determining based on the predicted execution time and a set of training hyperparameters, a training time for training the quantum circuit-based machine learning model.
A carbon-sulfur material contains sulfur and carbon. The carbon-sulfur material exhibits a current-voltage characteristic, wherein the voltage is zero when the current through the carbon-sulfur material is zero, and the voltage is hysteretic when the current through the carbon-sulfur material is varied and is non-zero.
C01B 32/70 - Composés contenant du carbone et du soufre, p. ex. thiophosgène
H10B 63/00 - Dispositifs de mémoire par changement de résistance, p. ex. dispositifs RAM résistifs [ReRAM]
H10N 70/20 - Dispositifs de commutation multistables, p. ex. memristors
H10N 70/00 - Dispositifs à l’état solide n’ayant pas de barrières de potentiel, spécialement adaptés au redressement, à l'amplification, à la production d'oscillations ou à la commutation
10.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION AND QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
The present disclosure pertains to a method for quantum key distribution in a system which comprises a first data processing device (10a) associated with a first quantum key distribution party, a polarization controller (11a), and a polarizing beam splitter (12a). The method comprises: transmitting, by the first data processing device (10a), first optical pulses which encode a bit sequence for quantum key distribution; polarizing, by the polarization controller (11a) and based on routing data indicating a further quantum key distribution party or a further data processing device, the first optical pulses such that second optical pulses are provided which are linearly polarized in a first polarization direction or in a second polarization direction perpendicular to the first polarization direction; and routing, by the polarizing beam splitter (12a), the second optical pulses towards at least a second data processing device (10b) associated with a second quantum key distribution party if the second optical pulses are polarized in the first polarization direction and towards at least a third data processing device (10c) associated with a third quantum key distribution party if the second optical pulses are polarized in the second polarization direction. Further, a system for quantum key distribution and a quantum key distribution network are disclosed.
A computer-implemented method for adapting a pre-trained machine learning model to a learning task, comprising receiving the pre-trained machine learning model comprising a plurality of learned weights for transforming an input towards an output, wherein the plurality of learned weights can be expressed with a weight matrix; performing a training process for adapting the pre-trained machine learning model to the learning task by updating a task-specific parameter increment added to the weight matrix, which is constructed from an MPO representation with a plurality of tensors each having an uncontracted first and second index, and a contracted index of a bond dimension, wherein a product of dimensions of the uncontracted first and second indices of the tensors are at least equal to a first dimension and a second dimension of the weight matrix, respectively, and wherein entries of the tensors are trainable parameters of the training process.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Software; downloadable software; software applications; software and applications for mobile devices; utility, security and cryptography software; software for network and device security; software for quantum-resilient solutions; software for network scanning, reporting and remediation that provides post-quantum cybersecurity functionality; threat detection software; risk detection software; downloadable computer security software. Software as a service [SaaS]; software as a service [SaaS] featuring utility, security and cryptography software; software as a service [SaaS] featuring software for network and device security; software as a service [SaaS] featuring quantum-resilient solutions; platforms for IT security as software as a service [SaaS]; design and development of utility, security and cryptography software; design and development of software for network and device security; maintenance of computer software relating to computer security and prevention of computer risks; Internet security consultancy; computer security services for protection against illegal network access; consultancy services for computer network security; IT security, protection and restoration; data encryption and decoding services.
13.
A METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A QUANTUM-CIRCUIT BASED MACHINE LEARNING MODEL
A computer-implemented method for constructing a quantum circuit-based machine learning model to estimate an output for a set of input features based on problem data, comprising receiving a quantum circuit architecture selection including a selection of a quantum circuit architecture parameter range for specifying a property of a quantum circuit layer, sampling random quantum circuits based on the quantum circuit architecture selection with a random selection of quantum circuit architecture parameters from the quantum circuit architecture parameter range, determining a circuit metric for each of the random quantum circuits, determining, based on the circuit metric meeting a corresponding metric criterion, a subset of random quantum circuits as validated quantum circuit layer candidates, training machine learning models, each comprising one of the validated quantum circuit based layer candidates; and determining an optimized set of quantum circuit architecture parameters based on a quality metric achieved by the machine learning models.
A computer-implemented method for training a machine learning model for approximating a labeling function comprising a variational quantum circuit, said method comprising establishing the variational quantum circuit, the variational quantum circuit comprising a plurality of variational quantum gates, and a plurality of encoding gates; executing the variational quantum circuit for a plurality of sample inputs; determining a candidate output for each sample input; determining a quality measure of the candidate outputs for the plurality of sample inputs in view of the labeling function to be approximated by the machine learning model; determining an entropy measure of the candidate outputs determined for each of the sample inputs; and updating the variational parameters based on an update function, the update function including a quality-based loss term based on the quality measure and an entropy-based loss term penalizing excess information on the input data encoded in the candidate output through the entropy measure.
A computer-implemented method for training a hybrid quantum-classical machine learning model including a variational quantum circuit to approximate a given labeling function, the method comprising providing a variable quantum noise source in the variational quantum circuit, training the hybrid quantum-classical machine learning model based on a variation of variational parameters of the variational quantum circuit to approximate the given labeling function with the variable quantum noise source introducing a non-zero training noise level in the variational quantum circuit, and providing the hybrid quantum-classical machine learning model trained with the training noise level as a final trained hybrid quantum- classical machine learning model with the variable quantum noise source configured to introduce a noise level, which is different from the training noise level.
The present invention provides a computer-implemented method for providing content of a content author for authentication, the method comprising: obtaining, by the content author, a first author fragment of content; generating a first state author vector from the first author fragment of content; and creating a first block of key information based on the first author fragment of content, wherein the first block of key information comprises information of the first state author vector and a first digital signature.
A computer-implemented method for simulation of a given quantum circuit, the method comprising separating the quantum circuit into layers of quantum gates of a common gate class; decomposing each of the layers of quantum gates of the common gate class into a sequence of base operations, the base operations being selected from a diagonal matrix operation based on unitary diagonal operations applied in parallel to qubits of the quantum circuit, a permutation matrix operation expressible as a matrix with exactly one entry of 1 in every row and column, with the rest being zero, and a Hadamard matrix operation based on Hadamard gates applied in parallel to qubits of the quantum circuit that transforms a plurality of the qubits between two orthogonal bases; and evolving a quantum state vector according to the layers decomposed into the sequence of base operations.
B82Y 10/00 - Nanotechnologie pour le traitement, le stockage ou la transmission d’informations, p. ex. calcul quantique ou logique à un électron
G06N 10/40 - Réalisations ou architectures physiques de processeurs ou de composants quantiques pour la manipulation de qubits, p. ex. couplage ou commande de qubit
H10N 69/00 - Dispositifs intégrés, ou ensembles de plusieurs dispositifs, comportant au moins un élément supraconducteur couvert par le groupe
22.
COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR SIMULATING FLUID FLOW, COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR DESIGNING A MIXING REACTOR, MIXING REACTOR AND COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A MIXING REACTOR, AND CORRESPONDING DATA PROCESSING DEVICE, COMPUTER PROGRAM AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM
G06F 30/28 - Optimisation, vérification ou simulation de l’objet conçu utilisant la dynamique des fluides, p. ex. les équations de Navier-Stokes ou la dynamique des fluides numérique [DFN]
23.
Method for Providing Content for Authentication and Authenticating Content
A computer-implemented method for providing content of a content author for authentication includes obtaining, by the content author, a first author fragment of content; generating a first state author vector from the first author fragment of content; and creating a first block of key information based on the first author fragment of content, wherein the first block of key information comprises information of the first state author vector and a first digital signature.
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
G06F 21/32 - Authentification de l’utilisateur par données biométriques, p. ex. empreintes digitales, balayages de l’iris ou empreintes vocales
24.
Method and System for Assigning a Label to an Input Vector of Features Given Labeling Task using Quantum Computation
A method for labeling an input vector of features with an output label using a variational quantum circuit given a labeling task includes separating the input vector of features into a plurality of sub-vectors of input data, initializing a plurality of computation qubits in an initial state, and subjecting the plurality of computation qubits to a plurality of layers of quantum gates, wherein each layer of the plurality of layers of quantum gates comprises an entangling gate a plurality of encoding gates for encoding the features of one of the sub-vectors into the computation qubits, and a plurality of variational gates, wherein the sub-vectors of input data for two different layers of quantum gates are different, and wherein variational parameters associated with the variational gates are optimized for predicting an optimal output label for the input vector of features in view of the labeling task according to a training algorithm.
A quantum computation system for determining an optimal action in a multi-step decision problem based on a current state, comprising first computation qubits, second computation qubits, a first and a second variational quantum circuit comprising a plurality of quantum gates 5 acting on the first computation qubits and on the second computation qubits, respectively, wherein the plurality of quantum gates each comprise variational quantum gates and encoding gates for modifying a state of the computation qubits; wherein the encoding gates are configured to encode the first and second input feature vector in the first and second computation qubits, respectively; and wherein the quantum gates of the second variational 10 quantum circuit do not act on the first computation qubits; a coherent interaction quantum circuit for entangling the quantum states of the first and second computation qubits; and a measurement portion for determining an output feature vector indicative of the optimal action.
G06N 10/20 - Modèles d’informatique quantique, p. ex. circuits quantiques ou ordinateurs quantiques universels
G06N 10/60 - Algorithmes quantiques, p. ex. fondés sur l'optimisation quantique ou les transformées quantiques de Fourier ou de Hadamard
27.
COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR SIMULATING FLUID FLOW, COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR DESIGNING A MIXING REACTOR, MIXING REACTOR AND COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A MIXING REACTOR, AND CORRESPONDING DATA PROCESSING DEVICE, COMPUTER PROGRAM AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM
A computer-implemented method for simulating fluid flow includes solving a Lattice Boltzmann equation for a distribution function, wherein the distribution function is represented in a tensor-train format, and/or all operations carried out for computing the distribution function are carried out with the distribution function in the tensor-train format, the distribution function and/or the tensor train format comprising at least one tensor train, the tensor train having at least one tensor train core.
G06F 30/28 - Optimisation, vérification ou simulation de l’objet conçu utilisant la dynamique des fluides, p. ex. les équations de Navier-Stokes ou la dynamique des fluides numérique [DFN]
G06F 17/11 - Opérations mathématiques complexes pour la résolution d'équations
A superconducting qubit circuit and a method of forming a superconducting qubit include superconducting qubit, wherein the superconducting qubit comprises a tunnel junction in a superconducting material having a critical temperature above 1.2 K. The tunnel junction is formed by a disorder-induced tunnel barrier, wherein the disorder is created by spatial crystallographic defects in the superconducting material.
G06N 10/40 - Réalisations ou architectures physiques de processeurs ou de composants quantiques pour la manipulation de qubits, p. ex. couplage ou commande de qubit
A method for quantum key distribution includes generating an encoder initial bit sequence; generating a quantum signal comprising optical pulses by modulating an intensity profile of the optical pulses according to an intensity function depending on a time and on a first encoder value of at least one first bit of the encoder initial bit sequence, and/or modulating a phase profile of the optical pulse according to a phase function which depends on a time and a second encoder value of at least one second bit of the encoder initial bit sequence; transmitting the plurality of optical pulses to a receiver device via a quantum channel; and determining a shared key shared between the transmitter device and the receiver device from the encoder initial bit sequence by classical post-processing and at least one of transmitting classical information to the receiver device and receiving further classical information from the receiver device.
A computer-implemented method for encoding an intended matrix in a quantum circuit, the method comprising obtaining an MPO representation of the intended matrix; determining an approximation rank for the intended matrix based on the MPO representation; determining an initial guess for an orthogonal approximation of the intended matrix in the form of a tensor network with isometric sub-tensors of the approximation rank; starting with the initial guess, iteratively optimizing the orthogonal approximation of the intended matrix based on an optimization algorithm minimizing a cost function subject to an isometry constraint for the isometric sub-tensors, wherein the cost function attributes a cost to the orthogonal approximation of the intended matrix based on a quality of the orthogonal approximation with respect to the intended matrix, and encoding the orthogonal approximation into a quantum circuit based on encodings ofthe isometric sub-tensors into quantum gates.
A computer-implemented method for encoding an intended matrix in a quantum circuit, the method comprising obtaining an MPO representation of the intended matrix; determining an approximation rank for the intended matrix based on the MPO representation; determining an initial guess for an orthogonal approximation of the intended matrix in the form of a tensor network with isometric sub-tensors of the approximation rank; starting with the initial guess, iteratively optimizing the orthogonal approximation of the intended matrix based on an optimization algorithm minimizing a cost function subject to an isometry constraint for the isometric sub-tensors, wherein the cost function attributes a cost to the orthogonal approximation of the intended matrix based on a quality of the orthogonal approximation with respect to the intended matrix, and encoding the orthogonal approximation into a quantum circuit based on encodings of the isometric sub-tensors into quantum gates.
G06N 10/20 - Modèles d’informatique quantique, p. ex. circuits quantiques ou ordinateurs quantiques universels
G06N 10/40 - Réalisations ou architectures physiques de processeurs ou de composants quantiques pour la manipulation de qubits, p. ex. couplage ou commande de qubit
33.
QUBIT DEVICE, METHOD FOR FABRICATING THE QUBIT DEVICE, AND CONTACT LAYER FOR THE METHOD
A qubit device comprises first and second superconductor layers a capacitor, first and second interconnects. The first superconductor layer comprises a first c-axis perpendicular to covalently bound atomic layers. The second superconductor layer comprises a second c-axis perpendicular to covalently bound atomic layers. The first and second superconductor layers form a Josephson junction, wherein the first c-axis and the second c-axis are aligned with each other at the Josephson junction. The aligned first and second c-axes intersect both the first superconductor layer and the second superconductor layer. The capacitor comprises a first electrode and a second electrode. The first interconnect electrically connects the first electrode and the first superconductor layer. The second interconnect electrically connects the second electrode and the second superconductor layer. The capacitor is arranged at a vertical position exceeding the vertical positions of both the first superconductor layer and the second superconductor layer.
G06N 10/40 - Réalisations ou architectures physiques de processeurs ou de composants quantiques pour la manipulation de qubits, p. ex. couplage ou commande de qubit
A varistor device for voltage-surge-protecting an electronic circuit at a cryogenic temperature comprises an electric lead composed of a superinsulator material, and electrical contact elements. The electrical contact elements are for connecting different positions along the electric lead to the electronic circuit. The electrical contact elements are in electric contact with the electric lead at the different positions along the electric lead. The electric lead is adapted to provide a superinsulating state or a cooper-pair insulating state at the cryogenic temperature, and to provide a non-linear resistance between the different positions at the cryogenic temperature.
An electronics device comprises a substrate, a first layer of a first layered material arranged over the substrate, a second layer of a second layered material arranged over the substrate, an overlap region, and a contact layer. In the overlap region, the second layer is arranged over the first layer, and a section of a bottom surface of the second layer is parallel to a section of a top surface of the first layer. The contact layer comprises a plurality of electrically conductive lines and an electrical insulation element. The plurality of electrically conductive lines comprises a first electrically conductive line and a second electrically conductive line. The first electrically conductive line and/or the second electrically conductive line comprises a superconductor material.
A hybrid quantum-classical computation system for classifying a grid of features provided as an input, comprising a convolutional block comprising a filter configured to receive the grid of features and to output a plurality of output features for the grid of features based on a trainable configuration of the convolutional filter; a flattening layer for transforming the filtered grid of output features received from the convolutional block into a flattened feature vector; a classifying block configured to receive the flattened feature vector and generate an output classification, wherein the classifying block comprises a plurality of independent variational quantum circuits; wherein the variational quantum circuits of the plurality of independent variational quantum circuits receive different subsets of features from the flattened feature vector as an input feature vector; and wherein measured outputs of the plurality of independent variational quantum circuits are combined to determine a label as the output classification.
G06N 10/20 - Modèles d’informatique quantique, p. ex. circuits quantiques ou ordinateurs quantiques universels
G06V 10/82 - Dispositions pour la reconnaissance ou la compréhension d’images ou de vidéos utilisant la reconnaissance de formes ou l’apprentissage automatique utilisant les réseaux neuronaux
37.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPTICAL SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION
A system or a method for optical signal amplification includes determining a target operating gain of an optical amplifier; determining a target maximum gain of the optical amplifier; determining an active fiber section length such that the optical signals are amplified with at most the target maximum gain; determining a core cross-sectional area size of the active fiber section based on a maximum allowable pulse shape distortion and a target maximum energy per pulse such that high-energy pulses with the target maximum energy per pulse are distorted by at most the maximum allowable pulse shape distortion; and determining an operating pumping power of the pumping device below the maximum pumping power such that the optical signals are amplified with the target operating gain.
A system and method for encoding a dataset in a quantum circuit for quantum machine learning in a system includes providing a dataset comprising a plurality of input features; for each input feature of the plurality of input features, applying the plurality of encoding quantum gates on one quantum bit (qubit) or a plurality of qubits, wherein each of the plurality of encoding quantum gates rotates the one qubit or the plurality of qubits by a rotation angle which is proportional to the input feature and one of a plurality of scaling factors, each of the plurality of encoding quantum gates is assigned a different one of the plurality of scaling factors, and the plurality of scaling factors comprises powers of two; applying the plurality of variational quantum gates; determining a plurality of measurement values for the qubit; adjusting the quantum circuit; and determining output data.
A method for quantum key distribution includes determining a ratio between a target maximum gain and a target operating gain of an optical amplifier; determining an active fiber section length such that the optical signals with a target maximum signal power are amplified with at most the target maximum gain; determining an operating pumping power of a pumping device below the maximum pumping power such that the optical signals are amplified with a target operating gain according to the determined ratio between the target maximum gain and the target operating gain; and determining a shared key between a first data processing device and a second data processing device by quantum key distribution comprising amplifying the optical signals via the optical amplifier by operating the pumping device at the operating pumping power.
A method for training a hybrid quantum-classical computation system for approximating a labeling function for an input feature vector, the system comprising a variational quantum circuit, a machine learning model, and a labeling module configured to receive a first output generated by the variational quantum circuit and a second output generated by the machine learning model and to generate an output label, wherein the method comprises an iterative process comprising providing an input feature vector of the sample dataset, providing the first output and the second output to the labeling module, and determining a parameter update of the variational parameters, the machine-learning parameters, and the trainable combination parameters based on a value of a cost function for the output label for the input feature vector.
The present disclosure refers to a method for quantum key distribution, the method being implementable in a system which comprises: a transmission line (io) for transmitting optical signals between a first data processing device (11) and a second data processing device (12) and an optical amplifier (14) disposed at the transmission line (io), the optical amplifier (14) comprising an active fiber section (15) and a pumping device (16), the method comprising: determining a ratio between a target maximum gain and a target operating gain of the optical amplifier (14); determining an active fiber section length such that the optical signals with a target maximum signal power are amplified with at most the target maximum gain; determining an operating pumping power of the pumping device (16) below the maximum pumping power such that the optical signals are amplified with a target operating gain according to the determined ratio between the target maximum gain and the target operating gain; and determining a shared key between the first data processing device (10) and the second data processing device (11) by quantum key distribution comprising amplifying the optical signals via the optical amplifier (14) by operating the pumping device (16) at the operating pumping power.
H04B 10/25 - Dispositions spécifiques à la transmission par fibres
H04B 10/2531 - Dispositions spécifiques à la transmission par fibres pour réduire ou éliminer la distorsion ou la dispersion due à la dispersion chromatique par inversion spectrale
H04B 10/291 - Répéteurs dans lesquels le traitement ou l’amplification est effectuée sans conversion de la forme optique du signal
A laser system suitable for modification of a calcified blood vessel includes a laser source; a feedback controller configured to regulate a dosimetry of the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a catheter comprising a first optical delivery element, the first optical delivery element configured to guide the modulated laser light to an in-vivo object in the blood vessel; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or dimensional characteristics of an area of the in-vivo object in real-time, wherein the feedback controller is configured to process the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or dimensional characteristics of the area in real-time, wherein the feedback controller is further configured to regulate the dosimetry of the laser source for a controlled formation of a porous structure and/or a zone of denaturized tissue in the in-vivo object.
A61B 18/26 - Instruments, dispositifs ou procédés chirurgicaux pour transférer des formes non mécaniques d'énergie vers le corps ou à partir de celui-ci par application de radiations électromagnétiques, p. ex. de micro-ondes en utilisant des lasers le faisceau étant dirigé le long, ou à l'intérieur d'un conduit flexible, p. ex. d'une fibre optiquePièces à main à cet effet pour produire une onde de choc, p. ex. lithotritie par laser
43.
Ferroelectric nanoparticle capacitor for non-binary logics and method of operation
A ferroelectric nanoparticle capacitor-device comprises a pair of conductive elements electrically insulated from each other, and ferroelectric nanoparticles arranged between the conductive elements of the pair. The ferroelectric nanoparticles are adapted to provide at least three polarization states with different total ferroelectric polarizations.
H10B 53/30 - Dispositifs RAM ferro-électrique [FeRAM] comprenant des condensateurs ferro-électriques de mémoire caractérisés par la région noyau de mémoire
G11C 11/22 - Mémoires numériques caractérisées par l'utilisation d'éléments d'emmagasinage électriques ou magnétiques particuliersÉléments d'emmagasinage correspondants utilisant des éléments électriques utilisant des éléments ferro-électriques
G11C 11/54 - Mémoires numériques caractérisées par l'utilisation d'éléments d'emmagasinage électriques ou magnétiques particuliersÉléments d'emmagasinage correspondants utilisant des éléments simulateurs de cellules biologiques, p. ex. neurone
G11C 11/56 - Mémoires numériques caractérisées par l'utilisation d'éléments d'emmagasinage électriques ou magnétiques particuliersÉléments d'emmagasinage correspondants utilisant des éléments d'emmagasinage comportant plus de deux états stables représentés par des échelons, p. ex. de tension, de courant, de phase, de fréquence
H03K 19/185 - Circuits logiques, c.-à-d. ayant au moins deux entrées agissant sur une sortieCircuits d'inversion utilisant des éléments spécifiés utilisant des éléments diélectriques avec une constante diélectrique variable, p. ex. condensateurs ferro-électriques
H10D 1/68 - Condensateurs n’ayant pas de barrières de potentiel
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnologie pour matériaux ou science des surfaces, p. ex. nanocomposites
44.
FERROELECTRIC NANOPARTICLE CAPACITOR FOR NON-BINARY LOGICS
A ferroelectric nanoparticle capacitor-device comprises a pair of conductive elements electrically insulated from each other, and ferroelectric nanoparticles arranged between the conductive elements of the pair. The ferroelectric nanoparticles are adapted to provide at least three polarization states with different total ferroelectric polarizations.
H03K 19/185 - Circuits logiques, c.-à-d. ayant au moins deux entrées agissant sur une sortieCircuits d'inversion utilisant des éléments spécifiés utilisant des éléments diélectriques avec une constante diélectrique variable, p. ex. condensateurs ferro-électriques
H10B 53/30 - Dispositifs RAM ferro-électrique [FeRAM] comprenant des condensateurs ferro-électriques de mémoire caractérisés par la région noyau de mémoire
45.
Laser System and Method for Detecting and Processing Information
A laser system suitable for a treatment of a cartilage tissue in a joint includes a laser source; a feedback controller, configured to regulate a dosimetry of the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a first optical delivery element, configured to guide the spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light to an area in the joint to irradiate a first part of the area; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the area in a real-time; wherein the feedback controller is configured to regulate in a real-time the dosimetry of the laser source based on the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the area for a controlled activation of a stem cell outside of the first part of the area to form a hyaline cartilage tissue.
A61B 18/20 - Instruments, dispositifs ou procédés chirurgicaux pour transférer des formes non mécaniques d'énergie vers le corps ou à partir de celui-ci par application de radiations électromagnétiques, p. ex. de micro-ondes en utilisant des lasers
A61L 27/36 - Matériaux pour prothèses ou pour revêtement de prothèses contenant des constituants de constitution indéterminée ou leurs produits réactionnels
A laser system for changing an IOP of an eye includes a laser source; a feedback controller, configured to regulate a dosimetry of the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a first optical delivery element, configured to guide the spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light to irradiate a first area on the eye; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in a second area on the eye in a real-time during the change of the IOP, wherein the feedback controller is configured to regulate the dosimetry of the laser source in a real-time based on the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the second area.
The present disclosure provides a laser system suitable for changing an IOP of an eye, the laser system comprising: a laser source; a feedback controller, configured to regulate a dosimetry of the laser source to produce spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light; a first optical delivery element, configured to guide the spatially and/or temporally modulated laser light to irradiate a first area on the eye; and a detecting element, configured to detect one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in a second area on the eye in a real-time during the change of the IOP, wherein the feedback controller is configured to regulate the dosimetry of the laser source in a real-time based on the real-time detected information pertaining to the one or more physical, chemical, mechanical and/or structural characteristics in the second area.
A system for quantum key distribution includes a first data processing device; a second data processing device; and a transmission line extending between the first data processing device and the second data processing device. The transmission line comprises an inner optical fiber, a shielding layer surrounding the inner optical fiber, and an outer optical fiber surrounding the shielding layer. The first data processing device and the second data processing device are configured to determine a shared key by quantum key distribution via quantum signals along the inner optical fiber. The system is configured to determine outer signal losses along the outer optical fiber.
A quantum key distribution device comprises an input signal path receiving a plurality of optical input signals from a transmitter device, an output signal path connected to the input signal path at a first end and emitting a plurality of first optical output signals at a second end, and a detector signal path connected to the input signal path at a third end and comprising a photon detector device at a fourth end opposite to the third end. The photon detector detects optical input signals from the transmitter device, and the quantum key distribution device establishes a shared quantum cryptographic key with the transmitter device based on the detected optical input signals. The input signal path forms an input path of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the output signal path and the detector signal path form output paths of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
A quantum key distribution device comprises an input signal path adapted to receive a plurality of optical input signals from a transmitter device, an output signal path connected to the input signal path at a first end and adapted to emit a plurality of first optical output signals at a second end opposite to the first end, and a detector signal path connected to the input signal path at a third end and comprising a photon detector device at a fourth end opposite to the third end. The photon detector device is adapted to detect the optical input signals from the transmitter device, and the quantum key distribution device is adapted to establish a shared quantum cryptographic key with the transmitter device based on the detected optical input signals. The input signal path forms an input path of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the output signal path and the detector signal path form output paths of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
A computer-implemented method includes encoding a QUBO problem in a corresponding QUBO graph problem, wherein each binary variable of the QUBO problem corresponds to a node of the QUBO graph problem and edges between two nodes encode coefficients of terms containing both binary variables corresponding to the two nodes, or receiving a QUBO graph problem in a QUBO graph representation; providing the QUBO graph problem as an input to a trained graph neural network on a processing system; retrieving a predicted performance metric for solving the QUBO problem with a variational quantum solver from an output of the trained graph neural network to the QUBO graph problem provided at the input; and, based on the predicted performance metric, providing the QUBO problem to the variational quantum solver implemented on quantum hardware.
An electronics device comprises a substrate, a first layer of a first layered material arranged over the substrate, a second layer of a second layered material arranged over the substrate, an overlap region, and a contact layer. In the overlap region, the second layer is arranged over the first layer, and a section of a bottom surface of the second layer is parallel to a section of a top surface of the first layer. The contact layer is arranged over the first layer and the second layer. The contact layer comprises a plurality of electrically conductive lines and an electrical insulation element. The plurality of electrically conductive lines comprises a first electrically conductive line and a second electrically conductive line. The first electrically conductive line and/or the second electrically conductive line comprises a superconductor material. The electrical insulation element is arranged between the electrically conductive lines to electrically insulate them from each other. The electronics device further comprises a first electrical contact between the first electrically conductive line and the first layer; and a second electrical contact between the second electrically conductive line and the second layer.
A method for natural language processing comprises: receiving a sample comprising natural language; processing the sample, wherein processing the sample comprises generating a plurality of response hypotheses and generating a plurality of confidence values, wherein each response hypothesis is associated with the corresponding confidence value; and selecting a response, comprising selecting the response randomly among the plurality of response hypotheses based at least in part on the corresponding confidence value by means of a quantum random number generator.
A method for natural language processing comprises: receiving a sample comprising natural language; processing the sample, wherein processing the sample comprises generating a plurality of response hypotheses and generating a plurality of confidence values, wherein each response hypothesis is associated with the corresponding confidence value; and selecting a response, comprising selecting the response randomly among the plurality of response hypotheses based at least in part on the corresponding confidence value by utilizing a quantum random number generator.
A system and method for authenticating an optical fiber key includes selecting a plurality of at least partially randomized challenge pulse parameters, generating a first optical challenge pulse based on the plurality of at least partially randomized challenge pulse parameters, determining an optical response signal based on a reflected signal of the first optical challenge pulse from the optical fiber key, applying a comparing algorithm the optical response signal and an expected response based on previously recorded optical response signals of the optical fiber key to a reference optical challenge pulse for determining a similarity metric, and authenticating the optical fiber key based on the similarity metric.
A computer-implemented method for authenticating an optical fiber key, the method comprising selecting at least partially randomized challenge pulse parameters, generating a first optical challenge pulse based on the challenge pulse parameters, determining an optical response signal based on a reflected signal of the first optical challenge pulse from the optical fiber key, applying a comparing algorithm the optical response signal and an expected response based on previously recorded optical response signals of the optical fiber key to a reference optical challenge pulse for determining a similarity metric, and authenticating the optical fiber key based on the similarity metric.
A superconductor device comprises a graphite structure, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a wrinkle region. The graphite structure comprises at least one topmost atomic layer. The first electrode is arranged over the at least one topmost atomic layer. The second electrode is arranged over the at least one topmost atomic layer and spaced apart from the first electrode. The wrinkle region is comprised in the at least one topmost atomic layer. The wrinkle region is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprises a plurality of wrinkles with a pair of wrinkles. The first electrode and the second electrode both electrically contact both wrinkles of the pair. A distance between the wrinkles of the pair is at most o .2 Wri.
A superconductor device comprises a graphite structure, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a wrinkle region. The graphite structure comprises at least one topmost atomic layer. The first electrode is arranged over the at least one topmost atomic layer. The second electrode is arranged over the at least one topmost atomic layer and spaced apart from the first electrode. The wrinkle region is comprised in the at least one topmost atomic layer. The wrinkle region is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprises a plurality of wrinkles with a pair of wrinkles. The first electrode and the second electrode both electrically contact both wrinkles of the pair. A distance between the wrinkles of the pair is at most 0.2 μm.
A method and system for encrypted messaging includes first and second client devices and a quantum key device having a quantum random number generator. The generator provides a first quantum random signal, and the key device provides a symmetric first master key from the first quantum random signal. The master key is transmitted to the first client device and stored. The key device uses the master key to generate an encrypted package by encrypting one of a plurality of keys. The key device generates a second encrypted package. The first pairing key is provided to the first client device by decrypting the first encrypted package using the first master key and providing the first pairing key in the second client device by decrypting the second encrypted package using the second master key to establish an encrypted connection between the first and second client devices.
H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
H04L 9/14 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant plusieurs clés ou algorithmes
H04L 9/30 - Clé publique, c.-à-d. l'algorithme de chiffrement étant impossible à inverser par ordinateur et les clés de chiffrement des utilisateurs n'exigeant pas le secret
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
A method for encrypted messaging in a system is presented, wherein the system comprises a first client device (io), a second client device (11), and a quantum key device (12) comprising a quantum random number generator (12d). The method comprises:¨ generating, by the quantum random number generator (12d), a first quantum random signal;¨ generating, by the quantum key device (12), a symmetric first master key from the first quantum random signal;¨ transmitting the first master key to the first client device (io), and storing the first master key in an encrypted first client container in the first client device (1o);¨ generating, by the quantum key device (12) and using the first master key, a first encrypted package by encrypting a first pairing key of a plurality of pairing keys being symmetric and assigned to the first client device (io) and the second cli-ent device (11);¨ generating, by the quantum key device (12), a second encrypted package by en-crypting the first pairing key using a second master key and transmitting the first encrypted package to the first client device (io) and the second encrypted package to the second client device (11);¨ providing the first pairing key in the first client device (1o) by decrypting the first encrypted package using the first master key and providing the first pairing key in the second client device (11) by decrypting the second encrypted package using the second master key; and¨ establishing a first encrypted connection between the first client device (io) and the second client device (11) using the first pairing key.
G06F 7/58 - Générateurs de nombres aléatoires ou pseudo-aléatoires
H04L 9/28 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant un algorithme de chiffrement particulier
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
61.
Waveguide for low loss, high speed electro-optical modulator
A waveguide device comprises a substrate comprising an electro-optical material; a waveguide formed in the electro-optical material; and a plurality of electrodes formed in a vicinity of the waveguide. The electro-optical material has a first refractive index. The waveguide comprises a plurality of tracks. The tracks comprise a second refractive index smaller than the first refractive index, are parallel to each other with a common direction defining a direction of the waveguide, and form an arrangement in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the waveguide. The arrangement comprises at least 40 equilateral triangles of identical side lengths, wherein all three corners of each of the equilateral triangles each coincide with a different track of the plurality of tracks in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the waveguide.
G02F 1/035 - Dispositifs ou dispositions pour la commande de l'intensité, de la couleur, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction de la lumière arrivant d'une source lumineuse indépendante, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte ou modulationOptique non linéaire pour la commande de l'intensité, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la couleur basés sur des céramiques ou des cristaux électro-optiques, p. ex. produisant un effet Pockels ou un effet Kerr dans une structure de guide d'ondes optique
G02F 1/01 - Dispositifs ou dispositions pour la commande de l'intensité, de la couleur, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction de la lumière arrivant d'une source lumineuse indépendante, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte ou modulationOptique non linéaire pour la commande de l'intensité, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la couleur
62.
WAVEGUIDE FOR LOW LOSS, HIGH SPEED ELECTRO-OPTICAL MODULATOR
A waveguide device comprises a substrate comprising an electro-optical material; a waveguide formed in the electro-optical material; and a plurality of electrodes formed in a vicinity of the waveguide. The electro-optical material has a first refractive index. The waveguide comprises a plurality of tracks. The tracks comprise a second refractive index smaller than the first refractive index, are parallel to each other with a common direction defining a direction of the waveguide, and form an arrangement in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the waveguide. The arrangement comprises at least 40 equilateral triangles of identical side lengths, wherein all three corners of each of the equilateral triangles each coincide with a different track of the plurality of tracks in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the waveguide.
G02B 6/122 - Éléments optiques de base, p. ex. voies de guidage de la lumière
G02B 6/13 - Circuits optiques intégrés caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication
G02F 1/03 - Dispositifs ou dispositions pour la commande de l'intensité, de la couleur, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction de la lumière arrivant d'une source lumineuse indépendante, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte ou modulationOptique non linéaire pour la commande de l'intensité, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la couleur basés sur des céramiques ou des cristaux électro-optiques, p. ex. produisant un effet Pockels ou un effet Kerr
63.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PERFORMING CRYPTOCURRENCY ASSET TRANSACTIONS
The disclosure relates to a method and a system for performing cryptocurrency asset transactions, the method, in the system comprising a plurality of data processing devices, comprising the following steps:¨ generating, by a server, at least one first target cryptocurrency key pair and at least one corresponding first target cryptocurrency address of a first cryptocurrency and storing the at least one first target cryptocurrency key pair and the at least one first target cryptocurrency address on the server;¨ transferring at least one first cryptocurrency asset from at least one initial cryptocurrency address to the at least one first target cryptocurrency address employing a first cryptocurrency protocol;¨ in reaction to determining that a cryptocurrency asset has been transferred:¨ providing a first password in a first user device; and¨ providing, by the server, first user data assigned to a first user with a first vault asset corresponding to the at least one first cryptocurrency asset;¨ transmitting the first password from the first user device to the server via a first communication channel employing a first quantum key distribution protocol, and verifying the first password by the server; and¨ in reaction to the first password having been verified:¨ removing, by the server, a second vault asset from the first user data;¨ transmitting at least one second target cryptocurrency key pair and at least one corresponding second target cryptocurrency address of at least one second cryptocurrency asset corresponding to the second vault asset from the server to the first user device via the first communication channel employing the first quantum key distribution protocol or providing, by the server, second user data assigned to a second user with the second vault asset.
G06N 10/00 - Informatique quantique, c.-à-d. traitement de l’information fondé sur des phénomènes de mécanique quantique
G06Q 20/06 - Circuits privés de paiement, p. ex. impliquant de la monnaie électronique utilisée uniquement entre les participants à un programme commun de paiement
H04L 9/00 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité
A system and method incudes generating a first target cryptocurrency key pair and a corresponding first target cryptocurrency address. A first cryptocurrency asset is transferred from to the first target cryptocurrency address employing a first cryptocurrency protocol, while providing a first password in a first user device and first user data assigned to a first user with a first vault asset corresponding to the at least one first cryptocurrency asset. The first password is transmitted from the first device to the server employing a first quantum key distribution protocol. Upon verification of the first key, a second vault asset is removed from the first user data, and a second target cryptocurrency key pair and a corresponding second target cryptocurrency address of a second cryptocurrency asset corresponding to the second vault asset are transmitted from the server to the first user device employing the first quantum key distribution protocol.
G06Q 20/06 - Circuits privés de paiement, p. ex. impliquant de la monnaie électronique utilisée uniquement entre les participants à un programme commun de paiement
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
H04L 9/14 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant plusieurs clés ou algorithmes
65.
THERMAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC GENERATION AND SWITCHING OF CHIRALITY IN FERROELECTRICS
A nanostructured ferroelectric (300) is adapted to provide a high-temperature state and a low-temperature ferroelectric state. In the low-temperature ferroelectric state the nanostructured ferroelectric has a polarization state from a plurality of polarization states. The plurality of polarization states comprises at least a first chiral polarization state with a first chirality (102R) and a second chiral polarization state with a second chirality (102L) different from the first chirality. A method for generating a nanostructured ferroelectric (300) with a predefined chirality comprises: Selecting the predefined chirality from the first chirality (102R) and the second chirality (102L); selecting an electromagnetic field (506) according to the predefined chirality; providing the nanostructured ferroelectric (300) in the high-temperature state; applying the electromagnetic field (506) to the nanostructured ferroelectric (300) in the high-temperature state; and cooling, while applying the electromagnetic field (506), the nanostructured ferroelectric (300) from the high-temperature state to the low-temperature ferroelectric state to establish the polarization state of the nanostructured ferroelectric (300) with the predefined chirality.
B82Y 40/00 - Fabrication ou traitement des nanostructures
C30B 33/04 - Post-traitement des monocristaux ou des matériaux polycristallins homogènes de structure déterminée en utilisant des champs électriques ou magnétiques ou des rayonnements corpusculaires
G02B 1/08 - Éléments optiques caractérisés par la substance dont ils sont faitsRevêtements optiques pour éléments optiques faits de substances polarisantes
66.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A QUANTUM COMMUNICATION SETUP, QUANTUM COMMUNICATION SETUP, COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
A method for determining a quantum communication setup includes providing a component set indicative of a quantum communication setup comprising quantum communication components; selecting an action of a set of actions each indicative of a further quantum communication component; including the selected further quantum communication component in the component set; determining, from the component set, a quantum model; determining, from the component set and the quantum model, a maximum key rate by optimizing over an optimization parameter set comprising quantum communication component parameters; adjusting the reward value depending on the size of the maximum key rate in relation to a previous maximum key rate; and iteratively repeating the above steps until a termination criterion is satisfied, yielding an optimal component set and an optimal setup parameter set.
A method for determining a quantum communication setup is carried out in a data processing system and comprises: providing a component set indicative of a quantum communication setup comprising quantum communication components of at least one of a first communication device (40), a second communication device (43), and an eavesdropping device (44); selecting an action of a set of actions each indicative of a further quantum communication component and each selectable with a selection probability depending on the component set and a reward value; including the selected further quantum communication component in the component set; determining, from the component set, a quantum model comprising a quantum state of at least one of the first communication device (40), the second communication device (43), and the eavesdropping device (44); determining, from the component set and the quantum model, a maximum key rate by optimizing over an optimization parameter set comprising quantum com-munication component parameters; adjusting the reward value depending on the size of the maximum key rate in relation to a previous maximum key rate; and iteratively repeating the above steps until a termination criterion is satisfied, yielding an optimal component set and an optimal setup parameter set.
H04B 10/00 - Systèmes de transmission utilisant des ondes électromagnétiques autres que les ondes hertziennes, p. ex. les infrarouges, la lumière visible ou ultraviolette, ou utilisant des radiations corpusculaires, p. ex. les communications quantiques
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
10 - Appareils et instruments médicaux
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Software; application software; software for monitoring,
analysing, controlling and running physical world
operations; utility, security and cryptography software;
computers and computer hardware; software for artificial
intelligence for analysis, healthcare, surveillance;
artificial intelligence software and machine learning
software; scientific, research and laboratory apparatus and
simulators; data processing equipment and accessories;
devices for the monitoring and analysis of rapidly evolving
processes; software for the monitoring and analysis of
rapidly evolving processes; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
apparatus, not for medical purposes; image capturing and
developing devices; measuring devices; sensors, detectors
and monitoring instruments and apparatus. Medical diagnostic, examination, and monitoring equipment;
electrocardiogram devices; sensors [measurement apparatus],
detectors and electronic monitoring instruments for medical
purposes. Technical and scientific consultancy services relating to
computer hardware and software; design of computer software;
development, programming and implementation of software;
research in the field of artificial intelligence; design
services relating to the development of computer-based
information processing systems; development and testing of
computing methods, algorithms and software; design,
development, programming and implementation of neural
networks.
69.
Method for determining a cryptographic key, computer program, and data processing system
A method for determining a cryptographic key is carried out in a data processing system, and comprises: providing a plaintext and a ciphertext determined from the plaintext using a cryptographic key and a cryptographic procedure which comprises cryptographic operations; for each cryptographic operation of the cryptographic procedure, providing at least one intermediate relation which comprises an intermediate equation and/or an intermediate inequality; determining an optimization problem comprising: the plaintext and the ciphertext; at least one optimization expression assigned to a round of the cryptographic procedure; and optimization variables comprising state variables of the cryptographic procedure and a cryptographic key variable; wherein the at least one optimization expression is determined from the at least one intermediate relation and comprises at least one preceding state variable assigned to a preceding round. The method further comprises: solving the optimization problem and determining the cryptographic key from an optimizing value of the cryptographic key variable.
H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
G06N 10/60 - Algorithmes quantiques, p. ex. fondés sur l'optimisation quantique ou les transformées quantiques de Fourier ou de Hadamard
70.
High-temperature superconducting qubit comprising quantum-mechanical two-level system and fabrication
A high-temperature superconducting qubit implements a quantum mechanical two-level system. The high-temperature superconducting qubit comprises a first superconductor, a second superconductor, and an overlap region. The first superconductor comprises a first high-temperature superconductor material. The second superconductor comprises a second high-temperature superconductor material. In the overlap region, at least a first section of the first surface and at least a second section of the second surface overlap, the first section and the second section are arranged in parallel at a distance corresponding to a predefined distance, and the first orientation and the second orientation are arranged with an angle corresponding to a predefined angle. The high-temperature superconducting qubit comprises a Josephson junction between the first high-temperature superconductor material and the second high-temperature superconductor material. The Josephson junction provides the quantum mechanical two-level system of the high-temperature superconducting qubit.
G06N 10/40 - Réalisations ou architectures physiques de processeurs ou de composants quantiques pour la manipulation de qubits, p. ex. couplage ou commande de qubit
H10N 69/00 - Dispositifs intégrés, ou ensembles de plusieurs dispositifs, comportant au moins un élément supraconducteur couvert par le groupe
71.
A HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING QUBIT AND FABRICATION METHOD
A high-temperature superconducting qubit is adapted to implement a quantum mechanical two-level system. The high-temperature superconducting qubit comprises a first superconductor, a second superconductor, and an overlap region. The first superconductor comprises a first high-temperature superconductor material comprising a first surface and a first orientation. The second superconductor comprises a second high-temperature superconductor material comprising a second surface and a second orientation. In the overlap region, at least a first section of the first surface and at least a second section of the second surface overlap, the first section and the second section are arranged in parallel at a distance corresponding to a predefined distance, and the first orientation and the second orientation are arranged with an angle corresponding to a predefined angle. The high-temperature superconducting qubit comprises a Josephson junction between the first high-temperature superconductor material and the second high-temperature superconductor material. The Josephson junction is adapted to provide the quantum mechanical two-level system of the high-temperature superconducting qubit.
B82Y 10/00 - Nanotechnologie pour le traitement, le stockage ou la transmission d’informations, p. ex. calcul quantique ou logique à un électron
G06N 10/40 - Réalisations ou architectures physiques de processeurs ou de composants quantiques pour la manipulation de qubits, p. ex. couplage ou commande de qubit
A method for converting physiological signals includes: obtaining a first signal as a function of a time parameter, wherein the first signal represents electrocardiogram data; obtaining a second signal as a function of the time parameter, wherein the second signal represents physiological data different from the electrocardiogram data; mixing the first signal and the second signal to obtain a mixed signal; and generating a frequency spectrum pertaining to the mixed signal.
A61B 5/00 - Mesure servant à établir un diagnostic Identification des individus
A61B 5/318 - Modalités électriques se rapportant au cœur, p. ex. électrocardiographie [ECG]
A61B 5/02 - Détection, mesure ou enregistrement en vue de l'évaluation du système cardio-vasculaire, p. ex. mesure du pouls, du rythme cardiaque, de la pression sanguine ou du débit sanguin
The disclosure relates to a method for converting physiological signals, comprising: obtaining a first signal as a function of a time parameter, wherein the first signal represents electrocardiogram data; obtaining a second signal as a function of the time parameter, wherein the second signal represents physiological data different from the electrocardiogram data; mixing the first signal and the second signal to obtain a mixed signal; and generating a frequency spectrum pertaining to the mixed signal.
G16H 50/20 - TIC spécialement adaptées au diagnostic médical, à la simulation médicale ou à l’extraction de données médicalesTIC spécialement adaptées à la détection, au suivi ou à la modélisation d’épidémies ou de pandémies pour le diagnostic assisté par ordinateur, p. ex. basé sur des systèmes experts médicaux
74.
Field effect transistor with a negative capacitance gate structure
A field effect transistor has a negative capacitance gate structure. The field effect transistor comprises a channel and a gate dielectric arranged over the channel. The negative capacitance gate structure comprises a bottom electrode structure comprising a bottom electrode, a multi-domain structure, and a top electrode structure. The multi-domain structure comprises a multi-domain element arranged over the bottom electrode, the multi-domain element comprising a plurality of topological domains and at least one topological domain wall. The top electrode structure comprises a top electrode arranged over the multi-domain element. At least a section of the bottom electrode structure of the negative capacitance gate structure is arranged over the gate dielectric and adapted to be coupled to the channel through the gate dielectric.
H01L 29/10 - Corps semi-conducteurs caractérisés par les formes, les dimensions relatives, ou les dispositions des régions semi-conductrices avec des régions semi-conductrices connectées à une électrode ne transportant pas le courant à redresser, amplifier ou commuter, cette électrode faisant partie d'un dispositif à semi-conducteur qui comporte trois électrodes ou plus
H01L 29/06 - Corps semi-conducteurs caractérisés par les formes, les dimensions relatives, ou les dispositions des régions semi-conductrices
H01L 29/08 - Corps semi-conducteurs caractérisés par les formes, les dimensions relatives, ou les dispositions des régions semi-conductrices avec des régions semi-conductrices connectées à une électrode transportant le courant à redresser, amplifier ou commuter, cette électrode faisant partie d'un dispositif à semi-conducteur qui comporte trois électrodes ou plus
H01L 29/41 - Electrodes caractérisées par leur forme, leurs dimensions relatives ou leur disposition relative
75.
FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR WITH A NEGATIVE CAPACITANCE GATE STRUCTURE
A field effect transistor has a negative capacitance gate structure. The field effect transistor comprises a channel and a gate dielectric arranged over the channel. The negative capacitance gate structure comprises a bottom electrode structure comprising a bottom electrode, a multi-domain structure, and a top electrode structure. The multi-domain structure comprises a multi-domain element arranged over the bottom electrode, the multi-domain element comprising a plurality of topological domains and at least one topological domain wall. The top electrode structure comprises a top electrode arranged over the multi-domain element. At least a section of the bottom electrode structure of the negative capacitance gate structure is arranged over the gate dielectric and adapted to be coupled to the channel through the gate dielectric.
A method employs a device with a heterostructure as a resonator for electrons of an electrical circuit or for a terahertz electromagnetic wave. The heterostructure comprises at least one dielectric layer and at least one ferroelectric layer. The at least one ferroelectric layer comprises a plurality of ferroelectric polarization domains. The plurality of ferroelectric polarization domains forms a polarization pattern. The polarization pattern is adapted to perform an oscillation with a resonance frequency in a terahertz frequency range. The method comprises functionally coupling the oscillation of the polarization pattern and an oscillation of the electrons of the electrical circuit or of the terahertz electromagnetic wave by the device.
G01N 21/3581 - CouleurPropriétés spectrales, c.-à-d. comparaison de l'effet du matériau sur la lumière pour plusieurs longueurs d'ondes ou plusieurs bandes de longueurs d'ondes différentes en recherchant l'effet relatif du matériau pour les longueurs d'ondes caractéristiques d'éléments ou de molécules spécifiques, p. ex. spectrométrie d'absorption atomique en utilisant la lumière infrarouge en utilisant la lumière de l'infrarouge lointainCouleurPropriétés spectrales, c.-à-d. comparaison de l'effet du matériau sur la lumière pour plusieurs longueurs d'ondes ou plusieurs bandes de longueurs d'ondes différentes en recherchant l'effet relatif du matériau pour les longueurs d'ondes caractéristiques d'éléments ou de molécules spécifiques, p. ex. spectrométrie d'absorption atomique en utilisant la lumière infrarouge en utilisant un rayonnement térahertz
The disclosure relates to a method of employing a device with a heterostructure as a resonator for electrons of an electrical circuit or for a terahertz electromagnetic wave. The heterostructure comprises at least one dielectric layer and at least one ferroelectric layer. The at least one ferroelectric layer comprises a plurality of ferroelectric polarization domains. The plurality of ferroelectric polarization domains forms a polarization pattern. The polarization pattern is adapted to perform an oscillation with a resonance frequency in a terahertz frequency range. The method comprises functionally coupling the oscillation of the polarization pattern and an oscillation of the electrons of the electrical circuit or of the terahertz electromagnetic wave by the device.
H03B 5/30 - Production d'oscillation au moyen d'un amplificateur comportant un circuit de réaction entre sa sortie et son entrée l'élément déterminant la fréquence étant un résonateur électromécanique
H03H 9/00 - Réseaux comprenant des éléments électromécaniques ou électro-acoustiquesRésonateurs électromécaniques
H10N 70/00 - Dispositifs à l’état solide n’ayant pas de barrières de potentiel, spécialement adaptés au redressement, à l'amplification, à la production d'oscillations ou à la commutation
A system and method for determining a secret cryptographic key shared between a sending unit and a receiving unit by using a communication channel comprising spatially separated amplifiers for secure long-distance communication includes transmitting a sequence of electromagnetic pulses via the communication channel through the amplifiers for establishing a shared secret cryptographic key, wherein each electromagnetic pulse corresponds to a bit of a random bit sequence according to a ciphering protocol, and at least one ciphering parameter is determined by maximizing the expected key generation rate using an information theory model, wherein a measured signal loss and at least one amplification parameter are taken into account as input parameters to the information theory model.
A system and method for quantum key distribution includes determining an intrinsic loss along a quantum channel; generating a pulse sequence; transmitting the pulse sequence via the quantum channel; receiving the pulse sequence; determining invalid signal positions and providing the invalid signal positions; determining a first reconciled signal from the first signal and the invalid signal positions, and determining a second reconciled signal from the second signal and the invalid signal positions; determining a total loss along the quantum channel from the at least one test pulse received, determining a signal loss from the total loss and the intrinsic loss, and providing the signal loss; determining a shared by error correcting the first reconciled signal and the second reconciled signal; and determining an amplified key from the shared key by shortening the shared key by a shortening amount that is determined from the signal loss.
A method is provided for determining a secret cryptographic key shared between a sending unit (1) and a receiving unit (2) by using a communication channel (3) comprising spatially separated amplifiers (4) for secure long-distance communication. The method comprises transmitting a sequence of electromagnetic pulses (6) via the communication channel (3) through the amplifiers (4) for establishing a shared secret cryptographic key, wherein each electromagnetic pulse corresponds to a bit of a random bit sequence according to a ciphering protocol, and at least one ciphering parameter is determined by maximizing the expected key generation rate using an information theory model, wherein a measured signal loss and at least one amplification parameter are taken into account as input parameters to the information theory model.
H03M 13/11 - Détection d'erreurs ou correction d'erreurs transmises par redondance dans la représentation des données, c.-à-d. mots de code contenant plus de chiffres que les mots source utilisant un codage par blocs, c.-à-d. un nombre prédéterminé de bits de contrôle ajouté à un nombre prédéterminé de bits d'information utilisant plusieurs bits de parité
H04L 9/28 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant un algorithme de chiffrement particulier
A method for quantum key distribution comprises: determining an intrinsic loss along a quantum channel between a first and a second data processing device (10,11); generating a pulse sequence comprising a test pulse and signal pulses and transmitting the pulse sequence from the first data processing device (10) to the second data processing device (11); determining a second signal from the pulse sequence, first and second reconciled signals, a total loss along the quantum channel (13) from the test pulse and a signal loss from the total loss and the intrinsic loss, a shared key in the first and the second data processing device (10,11) by error correcting the first and second reconciled signals; and an amplified key from the shared key by shortening the shared key by a shortening amount determined from the signal loss.
H04L 9/28 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité utilisant un algorithme de chiffrement particulier
A system method for quantum key includes providing an initial key in a first data processing device and a second data processing device; providing, in the second data processing device, a quantum signal comprising a plurality of quantum states; determining, in the second data processing device, a plurality of quantum measurement parameters, a raw signal by quantum measuring the plurality of quantum states employing the plurality of quantum measurement parameters; generating with the initial key, in the second data processing device, an encrypted signal; determining, in at least one of the first data processing device and the second data processing device, a reconciled signal from the encrypted signal; determining, in at least one of the first data processing device and the second data processing device, a shared key from the reconciled signal by correcting the first reconciled signal.
A method of driving a quantum computational network for finding a solution to a computational problem comprising a system of linear binary relations includes initializing computation qubits, applying a set of quantum gates and measuring an outcome state. A solution is determined based on a plurality of solution candidates, wherein a state of the register qubits is associated with a select one of the binary relations and a state of the ancilla qubits is associated with a solution candidate for the select one of the binary relations. The solution is then iteratively improved.
G06N 10/20 - Modèles d’informatique quantique, p. ex. circuits quantiques ou ordinateurs quantiques universels
G06N 10/80 - Programmation quantique, p. ex. interfaces, langages ou boîtes à outils de développement logiciel pour la création ou la manipulation de programmes capables de fonctionner sur des ordinateurs quantiquesPlate-formes pour la simulation ou l’accès aux ordinateurs quantiques, p. ex. informatique quantique en nuage
84.
HYBRID QUANTUM COMPUTATION ARCHITECTURE FOR SOLVING A SYSTEM OF LINEAR BINARY RELATIONS
A method of driving a quantum computational network for finding a solution to a computational problem comprising a system of linear binary relations is provided, the method comprising: initializing computation qubits, applying a set of quantum gates to the computation qubits and measuring an outcome state, and determining a solution for the system of linear binary relations associated with the variational parameters θ→ based on a plurality of solution candidates for the individual relations of the system of linear binary relations encoded in the outcome state, wherein a state of the register qubits is associated with a select one of the binary relations and a state of the ancilla qubits is associated with a solution candidate for the select one of the binary relations, and wherein the solution is iteratively improved by, determining a plurality of partial derivatives of the set of quantum gates with respect to the variational parameters θ→ with the quantum computational network, determining a gradient of a cost function for the system of linear binary relations based on the plurality of partial derivatives of the set of quantum gates, wherein the cost function associates a cost to a solution candidate for the system of linear binary relations encoded in the outcome state of the computation qubits, and wherein the cost comprises an individual relation penalty associated with a mismatch between the sides of each of the relations and an inconsistency penalty associated with a clash of the value of the same variable in different linear binary relations after repeatedly measuring the computation qubits, and by updating the variational parameters θ→ based on an update function of a moving average over the gradient of the cost function and of a moving average over the squared gradient of the cost function.
A method for quantum key distribution in a system comprising a plurality of data processing devices comprises: providing an initial key in a first device and a second device; providing, in the second device, a quantum signal comprising a plurality of quantum states; determining, in the second device, a plurality of quantum measurement parameters; determining, in the second device, a raw signal by quantum measuring the plurality of quantum states employing the plurality of quantum measurement parameters; generating with the initial key, in the second device, an encrypted signal indicating at least one of the plurality of quantum measurement parameters and transmitting the encrypted signal to the first device; determining, in the first device and/or the second device, a reconciled signal from the encrypted signal; determining, in the first device and/or the second device, a shared key from the reconciled signal by correcting the reconciled signal.
A method for determining a preimage element of a cryptographic hash function includes providing an output value of a cryptographic hash function and hash function operations of the cryptographic hash function; for each of the hash function operations, determining at least one hash function relation, comprising an equation and/or an inequality; determining an optimization problem comprising: the output value, at least one constraint assigned to an iteration of the cryptographic hash function, and optimization variables comprising internal state variables of the cryptographic hash function and at least one preimage variable, wherein the at least one constraint is determined from the at least one hash function relation and comprises preceding internal state variables assigned to a preceding iteration; and solving the optimization problem and determining a preimage element of the cryptographic hash function from an optimizing value of the at least one preimage variable.
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
87.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A PREIMAGE ELEMENT OF A CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH FUNCTION, COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
A method for determining a preimage element of a cryptographic hash function is car-ried out in a data processing system and comprises providing an output value of a cryp-tographic hash function and hash function operations of the cryptographic hash func-tion; for each of the hash function operations, determining at least one hash function re-lation, comprising an equation and/or an inequality; determining an optimization prob-lem comprising: the output value, at least one constraint assigned to an iteration of the cryptographic hash function, and optimization variables comprising internal state varia-bles of the cryptographic hash function and at least one preimage variable, wherein the at least one constraint is determined from the at least one hash function relation and comprises preceding internal state variables assigned to a preceding iteration; and solv-ing the optimization problem and determining a preimage element of the cryptographic hash function from an optimizing value of the at least one preimage variable.
A system and method for determining a secret crypto-graphic key shared between a sending unit and a receiving unit for secure communication includes obtaining, by the sending unit, a random bit sequence, and transmitting, at the sending unit, a first sequence of electromagnetic pulses to the receiving unit via a communication channel, wherein each electro-magnetic pulse of the first sequence of electromagnetic pulses corresponds to a bit of the random bit sequence according to a ciphering protocol, the signal loss is determined in the communication channel caused by an eavesdropper, and an information advantage is estimated over the eavesdropper based on the determined signal loss. Privacy amplification is performed based on the estimated information advantage in order to establish a shared secret crypto-graphic key.
The disclosure relates to a method for determining a secret crypto¬ graphic key shared between a sending unit (1) and a receiving unit (2) 5 for secure communication. The method comprises obtaining, by the sending unit, a random bit sequence, and transmitting, at the sending unit (1), a first sequence of electromagnetic pulses (1.1) to the receiving unit (2) via a communication channel (3). Thereby, each electromag¬ netic pulse of the first sequence of electromagnetic pulses (1.1) corre- 10 sponds to a bit of the random bit sequence according to a ciphering pro¬ tocol. The method further comprises determining a signal loss in the communication channel (3) caused by an eavesdropper (4), and esti¬ mating an information advantage over the eavesdropper (4) based on the determined signal loss. The method further comprises performing 15 privacy amplification based on the estimated information advantage in order to establish a shared secret cryptographic key.
H04L 9/06 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité l'appareil de chiffrement utilisant des registres à décalage ou des mémoires pour le codage par blocs, p. ex. système DES
A system and method for determining a nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time of a probe includes polarizing first nuclei and second nuclei by applying a longitudinal static magnetic field to the probe, exchanging the polarizations of the first nuclei and the second nuclei by irradiating a swap sequence of transverse magnetic field pulses, transversely magnetizing the second nuclei by irradiating at least one excitation pulse and measuring the resulting magnetization signal of the second nuclei, and determining the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time of the second nuclei based on the measured magnetization signal of the second nuclei.
A method for driving a quantum computational network for determining an extremal value of a cost function for solutions of a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem includes initializing qubits, sequentially applying layers of quantum gates to the qubits, determining an output state of the quantum computational network for obtaining a solution associated with the set of variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)}, and determining an output state for shifted variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)}* to evaluate a partial derivative with respect to the subset of the variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)} for determining a gradient of the cost function based on the output state for the shifted variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)}*, and by updating the variational parameters {right arrow over (θ)} based on an update function of a moving average over the gradient of the cost function and of a moving average over the squared gradient of the cost function.
The disclosure relates to a method of driving a quantum computational network for determining an extremal value of a cost function for solutions of a QUBO problem comprising: initializing qubits, sequentially applying layers of quantum gates to the qubits, each layer comprising a plurality of variational quantum gates with variable actions onto the qubits forming a set of variational parameters, and determining an output state of the quantum computational network for obtaining a solution by evaluating the probabilities of measuring the computational basis states, and wherein the solution is iteratively improved by, determining an output state for symmetrically shifted variational parameters for each variational quantum gate for determining a gradient of the cost function , and by updating the variational parameters based on an update function of a moving average over the gradient of the cost function and of a moving average over the squared gradient of the cost function.
G06N 10/40 - Réalisations ou architectures physiques de processeurs ou de composants quantiques pour la manipulation de qubits, p. ex. couplage ou commande de qubit
G06N 10/60 - Algorithmes quantiques, p. ex. fondés sur l'optimisation quantique ou les transformées quantiques de Fourier ou de Hadamard
93.
TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING A NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE RELAXATION TIME AND/OR A NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRUM OF A PROBE
The invention relates to a method of determining a nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time of a probe (P). The method comprises a first step (S1) of polarizing first nuclei (H) and second nuclei (N) by applying a longitudinal static magnetic field (Bo) to the probe (P), a second step (S2) of exchanging the polarizations of the first nuclei (H) and the second nuclei (N) by irradiating a swap sequence (SWAP) of transverse magnetic field pulses, a third step (S3) of transversely magnetizing the second nuclei (N) by irradiating at least one excitation pulse (EXC) and measuring the resulting magnetization signal (FID) of the second nuclei (N), and a fourth step (S4) of determining the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time of the second nuclei (N) based on the measured magnetization signal (FID) of the second nuclei (N).
G01R 33/44 - Dispositions ou appareils pour la mesure des grandeurs magnétiques faisant intervenir la résonance magnétique utilisant la résonance magnétique nucléaire [RMN]
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Downloadable software which contains executable code for accomplishing the input, processing, output, storage, and control activities of information systems, for text processing, presentations,
spreadsheets, desktop publishing, graphics, multimedia, database applications, and data storage; Downloadable application software which contains executable code for mobile phones, portable media players, handheld computers, calculators for executing phone calls, sending and receiving messages, mobile web-browsing features, e-mail functionality, music player functionality, video playback, personal information manager, ID facial recognition, taking still images and videos, secure wireless transactions, and computation tasks; Downloadable software which contains executable code for accessing cryptography, security and utility executing ciphering and communication of the encoded data, protecting the stored and transmitted data, and controlling functioning of the data handling devices; Computers and computer hardware; Downloadable software which contains executable code using artificial intelligence for analysis of the databases, database management, generated word processing, and the healthcare diagnostics for the healthcare industry, for clinical surveillance, for public health surveillance, for epidemiology surveillance; Downloadable software which contains
executable code for using artificial intelligence and machine learning for use in the field of programs for facial and speech recognition, patterns of algorithms recognition, patterns of learning recognition, patterns for using in the software development, patterns of the mental processes; equipment for therapeutic, surgery, and laser treatment purposes Technological and scientific consultancy services relating to computer hardware and software in the field of the study of the theory, design, implementation, and performance of computer software and computer systems, namely the study of computability and computation itself, design of computer hardware and of computer-based devices, applying information technology to solving problems, in the area of businesses and other enterprises; Computer system design services relating to computerized information processing systems; Development and testing of computing
methods, namely, mathematical computer software in the nature of algorithms and computer software; Design, development, programming and implementation of computer software in the nature of neural networks
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
10 - Appareils et instruments médicaux
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Software; Application software; Software for monitoring, analysing, controlling and running physical world operations; Cryptography, security and utility software; Computers and computer hardware; Artificial intelligence software for analysis, healthcare, surveillance; Artificial intelligence and machine learning software; Scientific research and laboratory apparatus, and simulators; Date processing equipment and accessories; Devices for the monitoring and analysis of rapidly evolving processes; Software for the monitoring and analysis of rapidly evolving processes; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus, not for medical purposes; Image capturing and developing devices; Measuring devices; measurement apparatus; Sensors, detectors and monitoring instruments. Medical diagnostic, examination, and monitoring equipment; Electrocardiogram devices; Sensors, detectors and monitoring instruments, for medical purposes. Technical and scientific consultancy services relating to computer hardware and software; Software design; Software development, programming and implementation; Research in the field of artificial intelligence; Design services relating to computerised information processing systems; Development and testing of computing methods, algorithms and software; Design, development, programming and implementation of neural networks.
