Abstract

The current invention is a method of regulating the use of cnFuels-CO2 Neutral Fuels (cnFuels)—in regulated compatible cnVehicles, comprising preventing an cnVehicle from being fueled with petFuel, and/or preventing an cnVehicle from being fueled from a HEFA based biofuel or from petroleum-based fuel. Physical means comprises physical incompatibility between a petFuel pump nozzle and an cnVehicle fuel inlet, where physical incompatibility comprises at least one of different shape; size; taper; curvature; plugs; and/or locks. Electronic means of preventing an cnVehicle from being fueled with petFuel comprises detecting at least one of: a petFuel pump; a petFuel pump nozzle; a petFuel station, a petFuel supplier data system, an cnFuel pump; an cnFuel pump nozzle; an cnFuel station, an cnFuel supplier data system, an electronic communication identifying an cnVehicle; an electronic communication identifying an cnVehicle operator; and/or an electronic communication identifying an cnFuel user.

IPC Classes  ?

• B60K 15/04 - Tank inlets

Abstract

The current invention is a method of regulating the use of cnFuels - CO2 Neutral Fuels (cnFuels) - in regulated compatible cnVehicles, comprising preventing an cnVehicle from being fueled with petFuel, and/or preventing an cnVehicle from being fueled from a HEFA based biofuel or from petroleum-based fuel. Physical means comprises physical incompatibility between a petFuel pump nozzle and an cnVehicle fuel inlet, where physical incompatibility comprises at least one of different shape; size; taper; curvature; plugs; and/or locks. Electronic means of preventing an cnVehicle from being fueled with petFuel comprises detecting at least one of: a petFuel pump; a petFuel pump nozzle; a petFuel station, a petFuel supplier data system, an cnFuel pump; an cnFuel pump nozzle; an cnFuel station, an cnFuel supplier data system, an electronic communication identifying an cnVehicle; an electronic communication identifying an cnVehicle operator; and/or an electronic communication identifying an cnFuel user.

IPC Classes  ?

• B60W 10/06 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines

Abstract

An integrated facility to produce either renewable diesel fuel or sustainable aviation fuel, or both renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel from carbon dioxide including carbon dioxide that is a byproduct of reacting Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) and hydrogen that produces renewable fuels. HEFA is hydroprocessed to produce a liquid fuel product and may produce water, CO and water, or CO2. Integrated with an eFuels process that produces the hydrogen that is needed in various steps of the integrated process. Renewable or low carbon electricity is used to convert water to hydrogen and oxygen in an electrolyzer. Carbon dioxide is reacted with at least a portion of the hydrogen to produce a stream comprising carbon monoxide with a carbon dioxide conversion per pass of between 50% to 100%, preferably between 60% and 100%, and more preferably between 70% and 100%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C01B 5/00 - Water
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention relate to two improved catalysts and associated processes that directly convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels. A catalytic system comprises two catalysts in series that are operated in tandem to directly produce synthetic liquid fuels. The carbon conversion efficiency for CO2 to liquid fuels is greater than 45%. The fuel is distilled into a premium diesel fuels (approximately 70 volume %) and naphtha (approximately 30 volume %) which are used directly as “drop-in” fuels without requiring any further processing. Any light hydrocarbons that are present with the carbon dioxide are also converted directly to fuels. This process is directly applicable to the conversion of CO2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01J 21/00 - Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• B01J 21/12 - Silica and alumina
• B01J 23/78 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 35/30 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present invention relates to a low-carbon eNaphtha. The low-carbon eNaphtha is produced through an electrofuel production process that utilizes a combination of CO2 and low carbon hydrogen. This invention addresses the need for environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-based materials by providing a low-carbon eNaphtha solution. The disclosed low-carbon eNaphtha offers reduced greenhouse gas emissions and serves as a versatile resource for various applications. Its potential uses include but are not limited to fuel for transportation and energy generation, as well as a feedstock for the production of plastic precursors and other chemical compounds. The low-carbon eNaphtha represents a significant step towards achieving a sustainable and low-carbon future.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C07C 4/04 - Thermal processes
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to processes and systems for the purification and conversion of CO2 into low-carbon or zero-carbon high quality fuels and chemicals using renewable energy. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for producing a stream comprising at least 90 mol % CO2. In certain cases, the CO2 stream is processed to make low carbon fuels and chemicals. In this process at least a portion of the CO2 is reacted with a stream comprising H2 in a Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactor to produce a product stream that comprises CO.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 3/06 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present invention relates to a low-carbon eNaphtha. The low-carbon eNaphtha is produced through an electrofuel production process that utilizes a combination of CO2 and low carbon hydrogen. This invention addresses the need for environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-based materials by providing a low-carbon eNaphtha solution. The disclosed low-carbon eNaphtha offers reduced greenhouse gas emissions and serves as a versatile resource for various applications. Its potential uses include but are not limited to fuel for transportation and energy generation, as well as a feedstock for the production of plastic precursors and other chemical compounds. The low-carbon eNaphtha represents a significant step towards achieving a sustainable and low-carbon future.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to processes and systems for the purification and conversion of CO2 into low-carbon or zero-carbon high quality fuels and chemicals using renewable energy. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for producing a stream comprising at least 90 mol % CO2. In certain cases, the CO2 stream is processed to make low carbon fuels and chemicals. In this process at least a portion of the CO2 is reacted with a stream comprising H2 in a Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactor to produce a product stream that comprises CO.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 3/06 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present disclosure describes systems and methods for producing eFuels or chemicals such as sustainable aviation fuel, renewable diesel, methanol, and ammonia, as well as the synthesis of oxygenated and non-oxygenated chemical feedstocks. Electrolyzers, CO2 capture devices, Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactors, syngas conversion reactors, and electrical steam methane reformers (eSMR) are used to produce eFuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst

Abstract

The present disclosure describes systems and methods for producing eFuels or chemicals such as sustainable aviation fuel, renewable diesel, methanol, and ammonia, as well as the synthesis of oxygenated and non-oxygenated chemical feedstocks. Electrolyzers, CO2 capture devices, Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactors, syngas conversion reactors, and electrical steam methane reformers (eSMR) are used to produce eFuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

A process for the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with low carbon intensity. The jet fuel is produced from the reaction of hydrogen from the electrolysis of water with captured carbon dioxide. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reacted to product a stream comprising carbon monoxide. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reacted to produce n-alkanes. Alkanes are hydroisomerized to produce sustainable aviation fuel with low carbon intensity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 47/12 - Inorganic carriers
• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• C10G 69/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

An integrated facility to produce either renewable diesel fuel or sustainable aviation fuel, or both renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel from carbon dioxide including carbon dioxide that is a byproduct of reacting Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) and hydrogen that produces renewable fuels. HEFA is hydroprocessed to produce a liquid fuel product and may produce water, CO and water, or CO2. Integrated with an eFuels process that produces the hydrogen that is needed in various steps of the integrated process. Renewable or low carbon electricity is used to convert water to hydrogen and oxygen in an electrolyzer. Carbon dioxide is reacted with at least a portion of the hydrogen to produce a stream comprising carbon monoxide with a carbon dioxide conversion per pass of between 50% to 100%, preferably between 60% and 100%, and more preferably between 70% and 100%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps

Abstract

An integrated facility to produce either renewable diesel fuel or sustainable aviation fuel, or both renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel from carbon dioxide including carbon dioxide that is a byproduct of reacting Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) and hydrogen that produces renewable fuels. HEFA is hydroprocessed to produce a liquid fuel product and may produce water, CO and water, or CO2. Integrated with an eFuels process that produces the hydrogen that is needed in various steps of the integrated process. Renewable or low carbon electricity is used to convert water to hydrogen and oxygen in an electrolyzer. Carbon dioxide is reacted with at least a portion of the hydrogen to produce a stream comprising carbon monoxide with a carbon dioxide conversion per pass of between 50% to 100%, preferably between 60% and 100%, and more preferably between 70% and 100%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to the efficient production of low-carbon methanol, ethanol or mixtures of methanol and ethanol from captured CO2 and renewable H2 at a generation site. The H2 is generated from water using an electrolyzer powered by renewable electricity, or from any other means of low-carbon H2 production. An improved catalyst and process is described that efficiently converts H2 and CO2 mixture to syngas in a one-step process, and alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, are produced from the syngas in a second step. The liquid methanol and ethanol, which are excellent H2 carriers, are transported to a production site, where another improved catalyst and process efficiently converts them to syngas. The syngas can then be used at the production site for the synthesis of low carbon fuels and chemicals, or to produce purified low carbon H2. The low carbon H2 can be used at the production site for the synthesis of low-carbon chemical products or compressed for transportation use.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01J 23/50 - Silver
• B01J 23/63 - Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
• B01J 23/652 - Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
• B01J 23/80 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with zinc, cadmium or mercury
• B01J 35/61 - Surface area
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

Production of fuels from low carbon electricity and from carbon dioxide by the use of a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and Fischer-Tropsch is shown. Fischer-Tropsch is an exothermic reaction that can be used to produce steam. Steam produced from the Liquid Fuel Production (LFP) reactor system, where the Fischer-Tropsch reaction occurs, is used as feed to the SOEC. The higher temperature steam improves the efficiency of the overall electrolysis system. The integration of the LFP steam improves the efficiency of the electrolysis because the heat of vaporization for the liquid water does not have to be supplied by the electrolyzer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C25B 1/042 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water by electrolysis of steam
• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas
• C25B 9/19 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

Provided herein are systems and methods for controlling the production of negative carbon-intensity liquid hydrocarbons (e.g., for fuels and chemicals). In various aspects, the methods utilize a feedstock having a negative carbon intensity, produce a co-product from the feedstock, sequester a portion of the CO2 derived from the feedstock, or utilize a portion of the O2 in a process that consumes O2 and emits CO2.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C01B 5/00 - Water
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen

Abstract

22222.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 47/10 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
• C10G 47/32 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions in the presence of hydrogen-generating compounds
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• C10G 69/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to the production of low-carbon syngas from captured CO2 and renewable H2. The H2 is generated from water using an electrolyzer powered by renewable electricity, or from any other method of low-carbon H2 production. The improved catalysts use low-cost metals, they can be produced economically in commercial quantities, and they are chemically and physically stable up to 2,100° F. CO2 conversion is between 80% and 100% with CO selectivity of greater than 99%. The catalysts don't sinter or form coke when converting H2:CO2 mixtures to syngas in the operating ranges of 1,300-1,800° F., pressures of 75-450 psi, and space velocities of 2,000-100,000 hr−1. The catalysts are stable, exhibiting between 0 and 1% CO2 conversion decline per 1,000 hrs. The syngas can be used for the synthesis of low-carbon fuels and chemicals, or for the production of purified H2. The H2 can be used at the production site for the synthesis of low-carbon chemical products or compressed for transportation use.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• B01J 21/00 - Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/10 - MagnesiumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel
• B01J 23/78 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment

Abstract

Provided herein are systems and methods for controlling production of low-carbon liquid fuels and chemicals. In an aspect, provided herein is a method controlling a process that produces e-fuels. In another aspect, provided herein is a system for producing an e-fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

The present invention are new and improved processes and catalysts that can efficiently facilitate the direct carbon dioxide conversion reaction with hydrogen to hydrocarbons in a single reactor at temperatures less than 450°C and more preferably at temperatures from 250°C to 325°C. Carbon dioxide is utilized from stationary sources or from direct air capture. Hydrogen is produced by the electrolysis of water using renewable or low carbon electricity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 70/02 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by hydrogenation
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• B01J 21/12 - Silica and alumina
• B01J 23/72 - Copper
• B01J 23/745 - Iron
• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present invention are new and improved processes and catalysts that can efficiently facilitate the direct carbon dioxide conversion reaction with hydrogen to hydrocarbons in a single reactor at temperatures less than 450° C. and more preferably at temperatures from 250° C. to 325° C. Carbon dioxide is utilized from stationary sources or from direct air capture. Hydrogen is produced by the electrolysis of water using renewable or low carbon electricity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01J 23/72 - Copper
• B01J 23/745 - Iron
• B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to a reactor for the production of low-carbon syngas from captured carbon dioxide and renewable hydrogen. The hydrogen is generated from water using an electrolyzer powered by renewable electricity or from any other method of low-carbon hydrogen production. The improved catalytic reactor is energy efficient and robust when operating at temperatures up to 1800° F. Carbon dioxide conversion efficiencies are greater than 75% with carbon monoxide selectivity of greater than 98%. The catalytic reactor is constructed of materials that are physically and chemically robust up to 1800° F. As a result, these materials are not reactive with the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide or the carbon monoxide and steam products. The reactor materials do not have catalytic activity or modify the physical and chemical composition of the conversion catalyst. Electrical resistive heating elements are integrated into the catalytic bed of the reactor so that the internal temperature decreases by no more than 100° F. from the entrance at any point within the reactor. The catalytic process exhibits a reduction in performance of less than 0.5% per 1000 operational hours.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• C01B 3/06 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
• C01B 5/00 - Water
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention relates to two improved catalysts and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels. The catalytic converter is comprised of two catalysts in series that are operated at the same pressures to directly produce synthetic liquid fuels or synthetic natural gas. The carbon conversion efficiency for CO2 to liquid fuels is greater than 45%. The fuel is distilled into a premium diesel fuels (approximately 70 volume %) and naphtha (approximately 30 volume %) which are used directly as “drop-in” fuels without requiring any further processing. Any light hydrocarbons that are present with the carbon dioxide are also converted directly to fuels. This process is directly applicable to the conversion of CO2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
• B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
• B01J 23/889 - Manganese, technetium or rhenium
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel

Abstract

222C) reaction to e-methane at temperatures less than about 350°C in one step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The objective of the present invention is to take advantage of new and improved processes and catalysts that can facilitate the efficient, direct CO2 conversion (CO2C) reaction to e-methane at temperatures less than about 350° C. in one step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• B01J 23/78 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen

Abstract

The invention relates to a process, catalysts, materials for conversion of renewable electricity, air, and water to low or zero carbon fuels and chemicals by the direct capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the conversion of the carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals using hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C01B 5/00 - Water
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

Syngas and liquid hydrocarbons are produced from synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is produced from a feed mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The feed mixture is heated to the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactor inlet temperature of 1400 to 1800° F. or even more preferred to a RWGS reactor inlet temperature of 1550 to 1650° F. Some of the heat required to heat the feed mixture to the RWGS inlet temperature is supplied by the oxyfuel combustion of hydrogen or fuel with oxygen and minimizes the load onto electrical heaters or need for gas fired geaters. The high inlet temperature allows a high conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. Various fuels can be used including hydrogen, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, or carbon monoxide can be used as combustion fuel. The carbon monoxide produced can further be reacted with hydrogen to produce hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals. The hydrocarbon fuels produced include sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) that meets ASTM D7566 specification and diesel fuel that meets ASTM D975 specification. The hydrogen and oxygen are produced from the electrolysis of water. The carbon dioxide can be captured from industrial point sources such as power plants, ethanol plants, steel mills, or other producers of carbon dioxide. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide can be captured from the atmosphere.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 3/08 - Production of synthetic natural gas
• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen

Abstract

Syngas and liquid hydrocarbons are produced from synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is produced from a feed mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The feed mixture is heated to the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactor inlet temperature of 1400 to 1800°F. Some of the heat required to heat the feed mixture to the RWGS inlet temperature is supplied by the oxyfuel combustion of hydrogen or fuel with oxygen and minimizes the load onto electrical heaters or need for gas fired heaters. The high inlet temperature allows a high conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. Various fuels can be used including hydrogen, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, or carbon monoxide can be used as combustion fuel. The carbon monoxide produced can further be reacted with hydrogen to produce hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals. The hydrogen and oxygen are produced from the electrolysis of water. The carbon dioxide can be captured from industrial point sources such as power plants, ethanol plants, steel mills, or other producers of carbon dioxide. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide can be captured from the atmosphere.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

Production of fuels from low carbon electricity and from carbon dioxide by the use of a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and Fischer-Tropsch is shown. Fischer-Tropsch is an exothermic reaction that can be used to produce steam. Steam produced from the Liquid Fuel Production (LFP) reactor system, where the Fischer-Tropsch reaction occurs, is used as feed to the SOEC. The higher temperature steam improves the efficiency of the overall electrolysis system. The integration of the LFP steam improves the efficiency of the electrolysis because the heat of vaporization for the liquid water does not have to be supplied by the electrolyzer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas
• C25B 1/042 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water by electrolysis of steam
• C25B 9/19 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition

Abstract

Production of fuels from low carbon electricity and from carbon dioxide by the use of a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and Fischer-Tropsch is shown. Fischer-Tropsch is an exothermic reaction that can be used to produce steam. Steam produced from the Liquid Fuel Production (LFP) reactor system, where the Fischer-Tropsch reaction occurs, is used as feed to the SOEC. The higher temperature steam improves the efficiency of the overall electrolysis system. The integration of the LFP steam improves the efficiency of the electrolysis because the heat of vaporization for the liquid water does not have to be supplied by the electrolyzer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air

Abstract

A process for the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAP) with low carbon intensity. The jet fuel is produced from the reaction of hydrogen from the electrolysis of water with captured carbon dioxide. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reacted to product a stream comprising carbon monoxide. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reacted to produce n-alkanes. Alkanes are hydroisomerized to produce sustainable aviation fuel with low carbon intensity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons

Abstract

A process for the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with low carbon intensity. The jet fuel is produced from the reaction of hydrogen from the electrolysis of water with captured carbon dioxide. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reacted to product a stream comprising carbon monoxide. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reacted to produce n-alkanes. Alkanes are hydroisomerized to produce sustainable aviation fuel with low carbon intensity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 47/12 - Inorganic carriers
• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• C10G 69/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to a reactor for the production of low-carbon syngas from captured carbon dioxide and renewable hydrogen. The hydrogen is generated from water using an electrolyzer powered by renewable electricity or from any other method of low-carbon hydrogen production. The improved catalytic reactor is energy efficient and robust when operating at temperatures up to 1800° F. Carbon dioxide conversion efficiencies are greater than 75% with carbon monoxide selectivity of greater than 98%. The catalytic reactor is constructed of materials that are physically and chemically robust up to 1800° F. As a result, these materials are not reactive with the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide or the carbon monoxide and steam products. The reactor materials do not have catalytic activity or modify the physical and chemical composition of the conversion catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• C01B 3/06 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
• C01B 5/00 - Water

Abstract

The present invention is directed to the production of low-carbon syngas from captured CO2 and renewable H2. The H2 is generated from water using an electrolyzer powered by renewable electricity, or from any other method of low-carbon H2 production. The improved catalysts use low-cost metals, they can be produced economically in commercial quantities, and they are chemically and physically stable up to 2,100 °F. CO2 conversion is between 80% and 100% with CO selectivity of greater than 99%. The catalysts don't sinter or form coke when converting H2.CO2 mixtures to syngas in the operating ranges of 1,300-1,800 °F, pressures of 75- 450 psi, and space velocities of 2,000-100,000 hr-1. The catalysts are stable, exhibiting between 0 and 1 % CO2 conversion decline per 1,000 hrs. The syngas can be used for the synthesis of low-carbon fuels and chemicals, or for the production of purified H2.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/16 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

Provided herein are systems and methods for controlling production of low-carbon liquid fuels and chemicals. In an aspect, provided herein is a method controlling a process that produces e-fuels. In another aspect, provided herein is a system for producing an e-fuel from constituent ingredients H2 and CO2, with H2 produced via electrolysis powered by renewable electrical energy.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric

Abstract

The present invention is directed to the production of low-carbon syngas from captured CO2 and renewable H2. The H2 is generated from water using an electrolyzer powered by renewable electricity, or from any other method of low-carbon H2 production. The improved catalysts use low-cost metals, they can be produced economically in commercial quantities, and they are chemically and physically stable up to 2,100 °F. CO2 conversion is between 80% and 100% with CO selectivity of greater than 99%. The catalysts don't sinter or form coke when converting H2.CO2 mixtures to syngas in the operating ranges of 1,300-1,800 °F, pressures of 75- 450 psi, and space velocities of 2,000-100,000 hr-1. The catalysts are stable, exhibiting between 0 and 1 % CO2 conversion decline per 1,000 hrs. The syngas can be used for the synthesis of low-carbon fuels and chemicals, or for the production of purified H2.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/16 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to a reactor for the production of low-carbon syngas from captured carbon dioxide and renewable hydrogen. The hydrogen is generated from water using an electrolyzer powered by renewable electricity or from any other method of low-carbon hydrogen production. The improved catalytic reactor is energy efficient and robust when operating at temperatures up to 1800°F. Carbon dioxide conversion efficiencies are greater than 75% with carbon monoxide selectivity of greater than 98%. The catalytic reactor is constructed of materials that are physically and chemically robust up to 1800°F. As a result, these materials are not reactive with the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide or the carbon monoxide and steam products. The reactor materials do not have catalytic activity or modify the physical and chemical composition of the conversion catalyst. Electrical resistive heating elements are integrated into the catalytic bed of the reactor so that the internal temperature decreases by no more than 100°F from the entrance at any point within the reactor. The catalytic process exhibits a reduction in performance of less than 0.5% per 1000 operational hours.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

Provided herein are systems and methods for controlling production of low-carbon liquid fuels and chemicals. In an aspect, provided herein is a method controlling a process that produces e-fuels. In another aspect, provided herein is a system for producing an e-fuel from constituent ingredients H2 and CO2, with H2 produced via electrolysis powered by renewable electrical energy.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to a reactor for the production of low-carbon syngas from captured carbon dioxide and renewable hydrogen. The hydrogen is generated from water using an electrolyzer powered by renewable electricity or from any other method of low-carbon hydrogen production. The improved catalytic reactor is energy efficient and robust when operating at temperatures up to 1800°F. Carbon dioxide conversion efficiencies are greater than 75% with carbon monoxide selectivity of greater than 98%. The catalytic reactor is constructed of materials that are physically and chemically robust up to 1800°F. As a result, these materials are not reactive with the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide or the carbon monoxide and steam products. The reactor materials do not have catalytic activity or modify the physical and chemical composition of the conversion catalyst. Electrical resistive heating elements are integrated into the catalytic bed of the reactor so that the internal temperature decreases by no more than 100°F from the entrance at any point within the reactor. The catalytic process exhibits a reduction in performance of less than 0.5% per 1000 operational hours.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to the production of low-carbon syngas from captured CO2 and renewable H2. The H2 is generated from water using an electrolyzer powered by renewable electricity, or from any other method of low-carbon H2 production. The improved catalysts use low-cost metals, they can be produced economically in commercial quantities, and they are chemically and physically stable up to 2,100° F. CO2 conversion is between 80% and 100% with CO selectivity of greater than 99%. The catalysts don't sinter or form coke when converting H2:CO2 mixtures to syngas in the operating ranges of 1,300-1,800° F., pressures of 75-450 psi, and space velocities of 2,000-100,000 hr−1. The catalysts are stable, exhibiting between 0 and 1% CO2 conversion decline per 1,000 hrs. The syngas can be used for the synthesis of low-carbon fuels and chemicals, or for the production of purified H2. The H2 can be used at the production site for the synthesis of low-carbon chemical products or compressed for transportation use.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• B01J 21/00 - Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/10 - MagnesiumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 23/78 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel

Abstract

Provided herein are systems and methods for controlling production of low-carbon liquid fuels and chemicals. In an aspect, provided herein is a method controlling a process that produces e-fuels. In another aspect, provided herein is a system for producing an e-fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
• B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
• B01J 23/889 - Manganese, technetium or rhenium
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel

Abstract

2 222222222 can be used at the production site for the synthesis of low-carbon chemical products or compressed for transportation use.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• C01B 3/30 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles using the fluidised bed technique
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

The present invention describes an improved catalytic reactor system with an improved catalyst that transforms CO2 and low carbon H2 into low-carbon syngas with greater than an 80% CO2 conversion efficiency, resulting in the reduction of plant capital and operating costs compared to processes described in the current art. The inside surface of the adiabatic catalytic reactors is lined with an insulating, non-reactive surface which does not react with the syngas and effect catalyst performance. The improved catalyst is robust, has a high CO2 conversion efficiency, and exhibits little or no degradation in performance over long periods of operation. The low-carbon syngas is used to produce low-carbon fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, kerosene, others), chemicals, and other products resulting in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel derived products.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
• C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• C07C 7/04 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment

Abstract

222 22 conversion efficiency, and exhibits little or no degradation in performance over long periods of operation. The low-carbon syngas is used to produce low-carbon fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, kerosene, others), chemicals, and other products resulting in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel derived products.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen

Abstract

2 conversion efficiency, and exhibits little or no degradation in performance over long periods of operation. The low-carbon syngas is used to produce low-carbon fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, kerosene, others), chemicals, and other products resulting in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel derived products.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst

Abstract

2 in a Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactor to produce a product stream that comprises CO.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 3/06 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

2222 is reacted with a stream comprising H2 in a Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactor to produce a product stream that comprises CO.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

Methods and systems are disclosed for preparing a purified carbon dioxide stream for use in the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. The method comprises providing a contaminated carbon dioxide stream which is first passed over a solid absorbent, and then mixed with oxygen and combusted. The oxygen may be generated using an electrolyzer. The process may be used to reduce the level of contaminants, including hydrocarbons, oxygenated hydrocarbons, SO2, H2S, COS, N2, amines, or combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

222 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention relate to two improved catalysts and associated processes that directly convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels. A catalytic system comprises two catalysts in series that are operated in tandem to directly produce synthetic liquid fuels. The carbon conversion efficiency for CO2 to liquid fuels is greater than 45%. The fuel is distilled into a premium diesel fuels (approximately 70 volume %) and naphtha (approximately 30 volume %) which are used directly as "drop-in" fuels without requiring any further processing. Any light hydrocarbons that are present with the carbon dioxide are also converted directly to fuels. This process is directly applicable to the conversion of CO2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01J 21/00 - Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• B01J 21/12 - Silica and alumina
• B01J 23/78 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 35/30 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuelsNatural gasSynthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , Liquefied petroleum gas
• C10L 3/08 - Production of synthetic natural gas
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuelsNatural gasSynthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , Liquefied petroleum gas
• C10L 3/08 - Production of synthetic natural gas
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide

Abstract

The invention relates to a process, catalysts, materials for conversion of renewable electricity, air, and water to low or zero carbon fuels and chemicals by the direct capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the conversion of the carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals using hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/62 - Carbon oxides
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

The invention relates to a process, catalysts, materials for conversion of renewable electricity, air, and water to low or zero carbon fuels and chemicals by the direct capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the conversion of the carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals using hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

222 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/52 - Hydrogen sulfide

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention relates to two improved catalysts and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels. The catalytic converter is comprised of two catalysts in series that are operated at the same pressures to directly produce synthetic liquid fuels or synthetic natural gas. The carbon conversion efficiency for CO2 to liquid fuels is greater than 45%. The fuel is distilled into a premium diesel fuels (approximately 70 volume %) and naphtha (approximately 30 volume %) which are used directly as "drop-in" fuels without requiring any further processing. Any light hydrocarbons that are present with the carbon dioxide are also converted directly to fuels. This process is directly applicable to the conversion of CO2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/52 - Hydrogen sulfide

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/06 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
• C01B 5/00 - Water
• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide

Abstract

The invention relates to a process, catalysts, materials for conversion of renewable electricity, air, and water to low or zero carbon fuels and chemicals by the direct capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the conversion of the carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals using hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprIsing carbon monoxide and water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 5/00 - Water
• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

e.g.e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/745 - Iron
• C01B 3/06 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
• C01B 3/24 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide

Abstract

2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
• B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
• B01J 23/889 - Manganese, technetium or rhenium
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel

Abstract

The invention relates to a process, catalysts, materials for conversion of renewable electricity, air, and water to low or zero carbon fuels and chemicals by the direct capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the conversion of the carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals using hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 5/00 - Water
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes

Abstract

The present invention describes a process and catalysts for the conversion of a light hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide input stream into high quality syngas with the subsequent conversion of the syngas into fuels or chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an efficient, solid solution catalyst for the production of a carbon containing gas from carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a single transition metal, and the transition metal is nickel.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/755 - Nickel
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
• C10J 1/20 - Carburetting gases other than air
• C07C 29/153 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
• C22C 19/07 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• B01J 23/78 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium

Abstract

The present invention describes a process and catalysts for the conversion of a light hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide input stream into high quality syngas with the subsequent conversion of the syngas into fuels or chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an efficient, solid solution catalyst for the production of a carbon containing gas from carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a single transition metal, and the transition metal is nickel.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel
• C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam

Abstract

The present invention describes a process and catalysts for the conversion of a light hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide input stream into high quality syngas with the subsequent conversion of the syngas into fuels or chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an efficient, solid solution catalyst for the production of a carbon containing gas from carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a single transition metal, and the transition metal is nickel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel
• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
• C01B 3/44 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts using moving solid particles using the fluidised bed technique
• C01G 53/00 - Compounds of nickel
• C07C 29/00 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 11/02 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process

Abstract

The present invention describes a process and catalysts for the conversion of a light hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide input stream into high quality syngas with the subsequent conversion of the syngas into fuels or chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an efficient, solid solution catalyst for the production of a carbon containing gas from carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a single transition metal, and the transition metal is nickel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/62 - Carbon oxides
• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition

Abstract

The present invention describes a process and catalysts for the conversion of a light hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide input stream into high quality syngas with the subsequent conversion of the syngas into fuels or chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an efficient, solid solution catalyst for the production of a carbon containing gas from carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a single transition metal, and the transition metal is nickel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

The present invention describes a process and catalysts for the conversion of a light hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide input stream into high quality syngas with the subsequent conversion of the syngas into fuels or chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an efficient, solid solution catalyst for the production of a carbon containing gas from carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a single transition metal, and the transition metal is nickel.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/755 - Nickel
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
• C10J 1/20 - Carburetting gases other than air
• C07C 29/153 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
• C22C 19/07 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• B01J 23/78 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium