A hand held robotic system that remains stiff so long as it is operating within allowed limits, but which become actively controlled once the operator exceeds those limits. The system thus corrects deviations by more than a predetermined amount of the operator's hand motions, so that the tool remains in the allowed region even when the operator's hand deviates from the planned trajectory. The pose and path of the robotic operating head is ascertained by means of a navigation or tracking system, or by means of a proximity device to measure the closeness of the operating head to a damage sensitive feature. As the tool deviates from its predetermined path or pose, or comes too close to the hazardous area, the robot control acts to move the tool back to its predetermined pose or path, or away from the hazardous region, independently of user's hand movement.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A system and method for generating a corrected image is provided. A plurality of poses for an imaging device may be calculated based on information about an object within a patient's anatomy. An image may be received from the imaging device at each pose of the plurality of poses to yield an image set. Each image may depict at least a portion of an anatomical element of the patient and an object. A set of saturated areas in which the object has caused saturated attenuation, and a set of unsaturated areas in which the object has not caused saturated attenuation may be identified in the images of the image set. A corrected image may be generated by combining data from the set of unsaturated areas, the corrected image depicting the anatomical feature with fewer than all of the saturated areas in the set of saturated areas.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A61B 34/00 - Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
3.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CALIBRATING AN IMAGING DEVICE
Systems and methods for calibrating an imaging device are provided. Output data may be received and a calibration model may be generated using the output data. The calibration model may be configured to extrapolate calibration values. The calibration model may be applied to an imaging device having a limited dynamic range. The calibration model may also be configured to extrapolate calibration values outside of the limited dynamic range.
Systems and methods for real-time collision detection and/or detecting movement of an object are provided. Sensor data corresponding to a distance between an end effector and an object may be received. The sensor data may be processed to determine the distance. Whether a collision will occur may be determined between the end effector and the object based on the distance.
Devices, systems, and methods for drilling an anatomical element are provided. A drill bit may comprise a coaxial hollow shaft in communication with a plurality of apertures disposed on a surface of the drill bit. A fluid inlet may be in fluid communication with the coaxial hollow shaft via a selectively openable valve. The fluid inlet may be configured to receive pressurized fluid. When the valve is opened, the pressurized fluid may be released into the coaxial hollow shaft, and when at least one of the plurality of apertures is not blocked, the pressurized fluid may be released through the at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a robotic arm, an end effector, a bone mount and a bone mount interface. The end effect has a proximal end and a distal end with the proximal end of the end effector being connected to the robotic arm. The bone mount is attachable to an anatomical element at one end of the bone mount and the bone mount interface is coupled to the distal end of the end effector via a proximal end of the bone mount interface and attached to another end of the bone mount via a distal end of the bone mount interface. The bone mount interface is configured to add a degree of freedom to the end effector.
Systems, methods, and devices for generating a corrected image are provided. A first robotic arm may be configured to orient a source at a first pose and a second robotic arm may be configured to orient a detector at a plurality of second poses. An image dataset may be received from the detector at each of the plurality of second poses to yield a plurality of image datasets. The plurality of datasets may comprise an initial image having a scatter effect. The plurality of image datasets may be saved. A scatter correction may be determined and configured to correct the scatter effect. The correction may be applied to the initial image to correct the scatter effect.
An imaging system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: an image capture device; a processor coupled with the image capture device; and memory coupled with the processor and storing data thereon that, when executed by the processor, enable the processor to: initiate a long scan process for a patient anatomy using the image capture device; determine that at least some of the patient anatomy comprises a non-linear anomaly; implement a long scan adjustment that compensates for the non-linear anomaly; and output a final long scan image that depicts the patient anatomy including the non-linear anomaly.
A surgical tool comprises a dilator, a cutter, a retractable brush, and at least one retractable drill. The dilator is configured to dilate tissue of a patient and can be positioned in an undilated configuration or a dilated configuration. The cutter is configured to cut the tissue and is disposed at a distal end of the dilator. The cutter is configured to move between a cutting position when the dilator is in the undilated configuration and a non-cutting position when the dilator is in the dilated configuration. The retractable brush is configured to brush a surface of an anatomical element of the patient to remove matter from the surface. The at least one retractable drill is configured to drill into the anatomical element.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A61B 34/20 - Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
11.
SURGICAL DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS INCLUDING ADAPTIVE CONTROL
A surgical system having adaptive control includes a surgical cutting device, at least one sensor, and a controller. The surgical cutting device includes a cutting tool and a motor configured to drive movement of the cutting tool. The at least one sensor is configured to produce sensor data indicative of at least one property of the surgical cutting device during use. The controller is configured to receive the sensor data and determine a performance condition of the surgical cutting device based at least on the sensor data. The controller is further configured, where the determined performance condition is an adverse performance condition, to at least one of: adjust settings of the surgical cutting device or recommend a change relating to use of the surgical cutting device.
A61B 17/00 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
G16H 40/63 - ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
12.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING ONE OR MORE TRACKING DEVICES
Systems and methods for identifying one or more tracking devices is provided. A tracking device may emit a signal having a frequency and the signal may be received and processed to obtain frequency information of the tracking device corresponding to the frequency. The tracking device may be identified based on the frequency information.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A61B 90/98 - Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags using electromagnetic means, e.g. transponders
A61B 34/20 - Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
13.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING AND UPDATING A SURGICAL PLAN
Systems and methods for generating and updating a surgical plan are provided. A surgical plan comprising a plurality of implant positions and information about an incision may be received. A patient position may also be received or obtained. The surgical plan may be updated including the information about the incision based on the patient position and the plurality of implant positions.
A61B 34/10 - Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A method according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: determining a desired location in which a robot is to be positioned; receiving information about a current location of the robot; rendering, to a display, a heatmap depicting at least one of the current location of the robot and the desired location of the robot; determining a difference between the desired location and the current location; and providing, based on the difference, a recommended adjustment to a pose of the robot to move the robot toward the desired location depicted by the heatmap.
A surgical system having adaptive control includes a surgical cutting device, at least one sensor, and a controller. The surgical cutting device includes a cutting tool and a motor configured to drive movement of the cutting tool. The at least one sensor is configured to produce sensor data indicative of at least one property of the surgical cutting device during use. The controller is configured to receive the sensor data and determine a performance condition of the surgical cutting device based at least on the sensor data. The controller is further configured, when the determined performance condition is an adverse performance condition, to at least one of: adjust settings of the surgical cutting device or recommend a change relating to use of the surgical cutting device.
Systems and methods for planning a cutting process to prevent skiving and for preventing skiving are provided. A three-dimensional model of a target anatomical element may be received. One or more inputs of the cutting process including a cutting plane may also be received. One or more parameters of the cutting process may be determined based on the cutting plane and the 3D model.
A surgical system (100), navigation system (118), and method are provided. The method includes obtaining, via a first imaging device (112a), a first image of an object in a surgical area; obtaining, via a second imaging device (112b), a second image of the first imaging device (112a), where the second image comprises one or more second tracking markers (412) arranged in a first position. The method further includes obtaining, via the first imaging device (112a), one or more additional first images of the object; obtaining, via the second imaging device (112b), one or more additional second images of the first imaging device (112a); and determining, based on the one or more additional first images and the one or more additional second images, whether the object has moved and/or whether the first imaging device (112a) has moved relative to the object.
A surgical system, navigation system, and method are provided. An illustrative system includes a robot mounted to a movable base, the robot including one or more robotic arms, a processor, and memory coupled with the processor. The memory includes data stored thereon that, when processed by the processor, enables the processor to: receive image data describing a position of the one or more robotic arms relative to a surgical target area; determine a current position of the robot is sub-optimal for enabling the robot to access the surgical target area; and provide at least one of instructions and animations for moving the movable base from the current position to a new position.
Multi-arm robotic systems and methods for monitoring a target are provided. The system may include a first robotic arm configured to orient a first component and a second robotic arm configured to orient a second component. The first robotic arm and the second robotic arm may be co-registered. The first robotic arm may be caused to orient the first component at a first pose. The second robotic arm may be caused to orient the second component at a second pose. At least one image may be received from the first component and the second component.
G16H 50/20 - ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
Methods and systems for providing a safety mechanism for a robotically controlled surgical tool. Embodiments of the methods use sensors to detect parameters that vary by the tissue traversed by a surgical tool. The sensors detect signals arising from the interaction of the surgical tool with the tissue and provide this information to a robotic controller. For example, during drilling, the sensors may measure power, vibration, sound frequency, mechanical load, electrical impedance, and distance traversed according to preoperative measurements on a three-dimensional image set used for planning the tool trajectory. By comparing the detected output with that expected for the tool position based on the planned trajectory, identified discrepancies in output would indicate that the tool has veered from the planned trajectory. The robotic controller may then alter the tool trajectory, change the speed of the tool, or discontinue power to the tool, thereby preventing damage to underlying tissue.
A61B 34/10 - Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
G16H 20/40 - ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture
G16H 40/63 - ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
21.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING A PROBABILITY OF REGISTERING IMAGES
A method and system is disclosed for acquiring image data of a subject. The image data can be collected with an imaging system using various selection techniques. The selection techniques may be used to assist in generating selected images for viewing.
A system for tracking the position of a surgical tool manipulated by a surgical robotic system, to determine that the tool is correctly positioned and orientated. Miniature 3-D tracking cameras are mounted on the end effector of the robotic system, one viewing markers on the surgical tool, and the other markers attached to the anatomy part being operated on. The initial spatial position and orientation of the surgical tool on the surface of the anatomy part is measured, and the progress of the surgical tool into the anatomic body part is tracked using one of the miniature cameras. The cameras or sensors are close to the surgical region of interest, and all the mechanical and sensor elements necessary for the system operation are mounted within the realm of the robot. The system thus avoids interruption of communication between a remotely positioned navigation camera and the robot or patient.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
Registering a robotic coordinate system defined by a robotic system and a navigation coordinate system defined by a tracking system localizer. The registration includes: determining a robotic coordinate system between a first portion of the robotic system and a subject separate from the first portion of the robotic system; connecting a fiducial marker at a first known position relative to the robotic coordinate system and relative to the first portion of the robotic system; acquiring a fiducial image at an initial time with an imaging system of the fiducial marker; detecting the acquisition of the fiducial image with the imaging system at the initial time with a detector; and sending a command to determine or record an initial position of at least one of the first portion of the robotic system or the robotic coordinate system at the initial time.
Registering a robotic coordinate system defined by a robotic system and a navigation coordinate system defined by a tracking system localizer. The registration includes: determining a robotic coordinate system between a first portion of the robotic system and a subject separate from the first portion of the robotic system; connecting a fiducial marker at a first known position relative to the robotic coordinate system and relative to the first portion of the robotic system; acquiring a fiducial image at an initial time with an imaging system of the fiducial marker; detecting the acquisition of the fiducial image with the imaging system at the initial time with a detector; and sending a command to determine or record an initial position of at least one of the first portion of the robotic system or the robotic coordinate system at the initial time.
A61B 34/20 - Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
25.
AUTOMATED MOVEMENT OF OPTICAL LOCALIZER FOR OPTIMAL LINE OF SIGHT WITH OPTICAL TRACKERS
A surgical navigation system including an optical tracking device, an optical localizer configured to optically track the optical tracking device, a mount assembly supporting the optical localizer, and a processor. The processor is configured to transmit commands to the mount assembly for actuating the mount assembly to position the optical localizer where there is line of sight between the optical localizer and the optical tracking device.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
26.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REGISTERING A TARGET ANATOMICAL ELEMENT
Systems and methods for registering a target anatomical element are provided. An image of patient anatomy including the target anatomical element and target pose information of the target anatomical element from the imaging device may be received. Robot pose information of a robotic arm supporting the imaging device may also be received. The target pose information and the robot pose information may be inputted into a registration model configured to register a robot coordinate system of the robot to a patient coordinate system based on the target pose information, the robot pose information, and the image.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
27.
AUTOMATED MOVEMENT OF OPTICAL LOCALIZER FOR OPTIMAL LINE OF SIGHT WITH OPTICAL TRACKERS
A surgical navigation system including an optical tracking device, an optical localizer configured to optically track the optical tracking device, a mount assembly supporting the optical localizer, and a processor. The processor is configured to transmit commands to the mount assembly for actuating the mount assembly to position the optical localizer where there is line of sight between the optical localizer and the optical tracking device.
Disclosed is a system for assisting in guiding and performing a procedure on a subject. The subject may be any appropriate subject such as inanimate object and/or an animate object. The guide and system may include various manipulate or movable members, such as robotic systems, and may be registered to selected coordinate systems to assist in movement of the robotic systems.
A61B 34/20 - Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
A61B 34/10 - Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
Disclosed is a system for assisting in guiding and performing a procedure on a subject. The subject may be any appropriate subject such as inanimate object and/or an animate object. The guide and system may include various manipulable or movable members, such as robotic systems, and may be registered to selected coordinate systems to assist in movement of the robotic systems.
Systems and methods for detecting and monitoring a drape configuration are provided. The system may include a drape and one or more indicia. The one or more indicia may be visible when at least a portion of the drape is in a predetermined configuration. Information about the one or more indicia may be received and whether or not the portion of the drape is in the predetermined configuration may be determined based on the information.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A61B 90/96 - Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags coded with symbols, e.g. text using barcodes
31.
SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR DETERMINING AN OBJECT POSE
Systems, methods, and devices for determining a tool pose are provided. A tracking device mounted to a tool may comprise a plurality of faces and a plurality of markers defining a plurality of sets of markers. Each set of markers may comprise one or more markers of the plurality of markers and each set of markers may be disposed on a corresponding face. Information about a set of markers of the plurality of markers may be received. A face of the plurality of faces having the set of markers disposed thereon may be determined. A pose of the tool based on the information and the determined face may be determined.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
32.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING A SAFETY LAYER FOR AN ANATOMICAL ELEMENT
Systems and methods for determining a safety layer for an anatomical element are provided. A cutting tool contacting the anatomical element at a first surface may be detected and dimensional information about the anatomical element may be received. A safety layer may be determined for the anatomical element based on the dimensional information and the detected contact between the cutting tool and the anatomical element at the first surface.
Multi-arm surgical robotic platforms and systems are provided. The platforms and systems may comprise a support structure or a frame and an operating table mounted to the support structure or the frame. A plurality of robotic arms may be mounted to the support structure or the frame and may be capable of manipulating an emitter and a detector to obtain between and including 0 to 360-degree imaging of a patient on the operating table.
A61B 34/00 - Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
34.
SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR MULTIPLE EXPOSURES IMAGING
Systems, methods, and devices for capturing a single image with multiple exposures is provided. An imaging device may be provided comprising a source configured to emit a wave for a time period and a detector configured to receive a signal indicative of the wave. A wave may be emitted for a time period and a signal may be received indicative of the emitted wave. A first image dataset may be saved with a first timestamp referencing a first time within the time period. A second image dataset may be saved with a second timestamp referencing a second time within the time period. The second time may occur after the first time.
Systems and methods for retractor interference avoidance is provided. At least one retractor includes a base and one or more elongate members extending from the base. The one or more elongate members are movable. A position of the at least one retractor may be determined and a trajectory of a surgical device may be received. At least one elongate member of the one or more elongate members positioned to interfere with movement of the device along a trajectory may be identified based on the position of the retractor and the trajectory of the surgical device.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A61B 90/50 - Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms
36.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VOLUME RECONSTRUCTIONS USING A PRIORI PATIENT DATA
A system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor; and a memory storing instructions thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: identify, based on first imaging data associated with an object, a boundary region corresponding to a shape of the object; identify at least one voxel included in second imaging data associated with the object, where the at least one voxel is located outside the boundary region; and generate a multidimensional image volume corresponding to the object using the second imaging data, where generating the multidimensional image volume is with respect to one or more criteria associated with voxels located outside the boundary region.
A system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor; and a memory storing instructions thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: identify, based on first imaging data associated with an object, a boundary region corresponding to a shape of the object; identify at least one voxel included in second imaging data associated with the object, where the at least one voxel is located outside the boundary region; and generate a multidimensional image volume corresponding to the object using the second imaging data, where generating the multidimensional image volume is with respect to one or more criteria associated with voxels located outside the boundary region.
A depth-indicating device for determining the depth of insertion of a surgical tool comprising a pair of spaced apart end caps, separated by a compressed spring, with the surgical tool passing through axial openings in both end caps, and firmly attached to one of the end caps, but free to slide through the opening in the other. A guide tube is attached to the second endcap, such that the surgical tool can be guided to its operating position on a body part. The second end cap and guide tube are attached to a location having a known position relative to the body part. A tracking marker is attached to the first end cap such that its longitudinal position can be tracked using a remote racking camera. Since the surgical tool is attached to the first end cap, the tool position is also tracked by the tracking system.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A61B 90/11 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis with guides for needles or instruments, e.g. arcuate slides or ball joints
B23B 49/00 - Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centring devices for holes to be bored
A surgical platform and trolley assembly and an interface of a robotic system are provided. The surgical platform and trolley assembly includes a trolley portion and a surgical platform portion. The trolley portion supports the surgical platform portion, and affords positioning and repositioning of the surgical platform portion relative to the interface of the robotic system. An end portion of the surgical platform portion is attachable relative to the robotic system via engagement to the interface.
A system and techniques for creating a spine stress map are provided. The system may be configured to generate a multi-class segmentation for an anatomical element of a patient based on a plurality of magnetic resonance images of the anatomical element from a plurality of patients. Additionally, one or more stress maps may be generated based on simulating stresses on the anatomical element. In some embodiments, the simulated stresses may be simulated using a finite element analysis based at least in part on the multi-class segmentation. Additionally, the system may be configured to display one or more stress maps via a user interface, where the one or more stress maps are determined based on one or more deep learning models configured to predict multi-labeled masks and/or stress maps for the anatomical element.
Disclosed is a system for assisting in guiding and performing a procedure on a subject. The subject may be any appropriate subject such as inanimate object and/or an animate object. The guide and system may include various manipulable or movable members, such as robotic systems, and may be registered to selected coordinate systems.
A minimally invasive system using a surgical robot as a three-dimensional printer for fabrication of biological tissues inside the body of a subject. A preoperative plan is used to direct and control both the motion of the robot and the robotic bio-ink extrusion. The robotic motion is coordinated with the ink extrusion to form layers having the desired thickness and dimensions, and use of different types of ink enables composite elements to be laid down. Such systems have a small diameter bio-ink ejecting mechanism, generally in the form of a piston driven cannula, enabling access to regions such as joints, with limited space. The robotic control is programmed such that angular motion takes place around a pivot point at the point of insertion into the subject. The bio-inks can be stored in predetermined layers in the cannula to enable sequential dispensing from one cannula.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
43.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROGRAMMING A LEAD FOR THERAPEUTIC NEUROMODULATION
Systems and methods for programming a lead are provided. A first image of an anatomical region depicting an anatomical element and at least a portion of an initial lead and an initial lead parameter associated with the initial lead are received. A second image of the anatomical region depicting at least a portion of the anatomical element and at least a portion of an implanted lead is also received. An implanted lead parameter may be generated for the implanted lead based on a combination of the initial lead parameter and a correlation of the first image with the second image.
A61N 1/05 - Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
44.
SPINE STRESS MAP CREATION WITH FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
A system and techniques for creating a spine stress map are provided. The system may be configured to generate a multi-class segmentation for an anatomical element of a patient based on a plurality of magnetic resonance images of the anatomical element from a plurality of patients. Additionally, one or more stress maps may be generated based on simulating stresses on the anatomical element. In some embodiments, the simulated stresses may be simulated using a finite element analysis based at least in part on the multi-class segmentation. Additionally, the system may be configured to display one or more stress maps via a user interface, where the one or more stress maps are determined based on one or more deep learning models configured to predict multi-labeled masks and/or stress maps for the anatomical element.
Systems and methods for determining a safety layer for an anatomical element are provided. A cutting tool contacting the anatomical element at a first surface may be detected and dimensional information about the anatomical element may be received. A safety layer may be determined for the anatomical element based on the dimensional information and the detected contact between the cutting tool and the anatomical element at the first surface.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
46.
METHOD FOR VERIFYING HARD TISSUE LOCATION USING IMPLANT IMAGING
A low radiation, intra-operative method using two-dimensional imaging to register the positions of surgical implants relative to their pre-operative planned positions. Intraoperatively, a pair of two-dimensional fluoroscope images in different planes or a single three-dimensional image is acquired and compared to a set of three-dimensional preoperative images, to allow registration of the implant region anatomy. A second set of intraoperative fluoroscope images is acquired of the surgical area with implants in place. The second set of images is compared with the first set of intraoperative images to ascertain alignment of the implants. Registration between first and second intraoperative image sets is accomplished using the implants themselves as fiducial markers, and the process repeated until an acceptable configuration of the implants is obtained. The method is particularly advantageous for spinal surgery.
A61B 6/12 - Devices for detecting or locating foreign bodies
A61B 34/10 - Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
G06V 10/75 - Image or video pattern matching; Proximity measures in feature spaces using context analysis; Selection of dictionaries
47.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND LOCATING A REGION OF INTEREST
Systems, devices, and methods for identifying a region of interest are provided. A plurality of skeletal landmarks may be identified from an image received from an imaging device. A pose of a patient may be determined based on the plurality of skeletal landmarks. A region of interest may be identified on the patient based on the determined pose. Instructions may be automatically provided to the controller to adjust a pose of a surgical instrument relative to the region of interest. The plurality of skeletal landmarks may be tracked for movement. The region of interest may be updated when movement of the plurality of skeletal landmarks is detected.
An imaging system and method of acquiring image data is disclosed. The imaging system is operable to acquire and/or generate image data at positions relative to a subject. The imaging system includes a drive system configured to move the imaging system.
An imaging system and method of acquiring image data is disclosed. The imaging system is operable to acquire and/or generate image data at positions relative to a subject. The imaging system includes a drive system configured to move the imaging system.
An imaging system and method of acquiring image data is disclosed. The imaging system is operable to acquire and/or generate image data at positions relative to a subject. The imaging system includes a drive system configured to move the imaging system.
An imaging system and method of acquiring image data is disclosed. The imaging system is operable to acquire and/or generate image data at positions relative to a subject. The imaging system includes a drive system configured to move the imaging system.
A surgical system includes a power tool that generates torque; a torque sensor for measuring a torque characteristic of the power tool; a user interface; at least one processor; and a memory. The memory stores instructions for execution by the at least one processor that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to: receive torque data from the torque sensor, the torque data corresponding to the measured torque characteristic; evaluate the torque data; and execute a predetermined action based on the evaluation.
A61B 34/00 - Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
G01L 5/26 - Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining the characteristic of torque in relation to revolutions per unit of time
A61B 17/88 - Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal fixation devices
A61B 34/10 - Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
A61B 17/16 - Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
Systems and methods for verifying a pose of a target may include causing a robotic arm to contact a target with a verification tool to yield first pose information of the target and receiving second pose information of the target. The pose of the target may be verified based on the first pose information and the second pose information.
Systems and methods for verifying a pose of a target may include causing a robotic arm to contact a target with a verification tool to yield first pose information of the target and receiving second pose information of the target. The pose of the target may be verified based on the first pose information and the second pose information.
A surgical tool, systems, and method for cleaning an anatomical space is provided. At least one brush is disposed on a shaft extending through a tube. The tube includes a corresponding brush slot for each brush. A motor is operable to rotate the shaft to cause the at least one brush to move from a closed position to a cleaning position. The at least one brush is positioned entirely inside of the tube when in the closed position and at least partially outside of the tube when in the cleaning position. A fluid source is operable to supply fluid to the at least one brush as the at least one brush passes through the brush slot.
A61B 90/70 - Cleaning devices specially adapted for surgical instruments
B08B 9/045 - Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes the cleaning devices being rotated while moved
B08B 9/047 - Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes the cleaning devices having motors for powering cleaning tools
B08B 9/057 - Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices being entrained discrete elements, e.g. balls, grinding elements, brushes
A61F 13/00 - Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
Systems, techniques, and embodiments are provided herein that are configured to interchangeably couple any surgical tool of a plurality of surgical tools to a robotic arm. For example, a robotic surgical system is provided that includes an interface unit disposed at a distal end of the robotic arm and coupled to the robotic arm, where the interface unit includes a set of components configured to provide the coupling. In some embodiments, the set of components of the interface unit is configured to provide electrical coupling, communication coupling, mechanical coupling, pneumatic coupling, irrigation coupling, or a combination thereof, for coupling any surgical tool of the plurality of surgical tools to the robotic arm. Additionally, each surgical tool of the plurality of surgical tools may comprise an identification feature for the interface unit and/or a processor to identify which surgical tool is being coupled to the robotic arm.
A system and method for the minimally invasive insertion of an intervertebral rod into the vertebrae of a subject, according to a preoperative surgical plan also defining positions for the insertion of rod clamping screws into the vertebrae. The rod shape for connecting the heads of the screws is calculated, and a path planning algorithm used to determine whether the distal end of the rod can be threaded through the screw heads by longitudinal and rotational manipulation of the proximal end of the rod. If so, instructions are provided for forming that rod shape and for the robotic insertion of the screw holes and the rod. If not, either or both of the screw positions and the rod shape are adjusted, to moderate the bends in the rods, until insertion becomes possible. The insertion can be performed robotically, or, if a navigation tracking system is added, manually.
Systems, techniques, and embodiments are provided herein that are configured to interchangeably couple any surgical tool of a plurality of surgical tools to a robotic arm. For example, a robotic surgical system is provided that includes an interface unit disposed at a distal end of the robotic arm and coupled to the robotic arm, where the interface unit includes a set of components configured to provide the coupling. In some embodiments, the set of components of the interface unit is configured to provide electrical coupling, communication coupling, mechanical coupling, pneumatic coupling, irrigation coupling, or a combination thereof, for coupling any surgical tool of the plurality of surgical tools to the robotic arm. Additionally, each surgical tool of the plurality of surgical tools may comprise an identification feature for the interface unit and/or a processor to identify which surgical tool is being coupled to the robotic arm.
Systems, methods, and devices for generating a corrected image are provided. A first robotic arm may be configured to orient a source at a first pose and a second robotic arm may be configured to orient a detector at a plurality of second poses. An image dataset may be received from the detector at each of the plurality of second poses to yield a plurality of image datasets. The plurality of datasets may comprise an initial image having a scatter effect. The plurality of image datasets may be saved. A scatter correction may be determined and configured to correct the scatter effect. The correction may be applied to the initial image to correct the scatter effect.
A system includes a robot mounted to a movable base, the robot including one or more robotic arms. The system monitors, by one or more measurement devices, one or more parameters associated with an object. The system adjusts a pose of the robot based on the one or more parameters satisfying one or more criteria. The system outputs an alert based on the one or more parameters satisfying one or more second criteria. The system performs a registration process associated with the object and the robot, based on the one or more parameters satisfying the one or more second criteria. The one or more measurement devices include a mechanical measurement device that maintains a non-rigid connection between the robot and the object. The one or more measurement devices include an optical measurement device, an acoustic transducer, or a multi¬ sensor device.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A61B 90/50 - Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms
61.
REPLACEABLE ARM GUIDE AND END EFFECTOR FOR SURGICAL SYSTEMS
A surgical system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes an interface block disposed at a distal end of a robot arm and an end-effector block that attaches to the interface block via a nut. For example, the interface block may include a threaded rod that extends a distance from a mounting surface of the interface block. Accordingly, the end-effector block may include a mounting hole that passes through the end-effector block, where the nut threadedly engages with the threaded rod through the mounting hole to clamp the end-effector block against the interface block. In some examples, a sterile drape may be used to provide a sterile barrier between the surgical system and a patient. Additionally, a liner plate may be used with the surgical system, such that an area of the sterile drape is disposed between the liner plate and the mounting surface.
A system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor; and a memory storing data thereon that, when processed by the processor, cause the processor to: determine, based on a navigation element of a first type and a navigation element of a second type both disposed on a navigation tracker, a first registration between the navigation tracker and an anatomical element; determine, based on a navigation element of a third type disposed on the navigation tracker, a second registration between a robotic arm and the navigation tracker; and navigate, based on the first registration and the second registration, the robotic arm relative to the anatomical element.
A surgical system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes an interface block disposed at a distal end of a robot arm and an end-effector block that attaches to the interface block via a nut. For example, the interface block may include a threaded rod that extends a distance from a mount surface of the interface block. Accordingly, the end-effector block may include a mount hole that passes through the end-effector block, where the nut threadedly engages with the threaded rod through the mount hole to clamp the end-effector block against the interface block. In some examples, a sterile drape may be used to provide a sterile barrier between the surgical system and a patient. Additionally, a liner plate may be used with the surgical system, such that an area of the sterile drape is disposed between the liner plate and the mount surface.
A system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor; and a memory storing data thereon that, when processed by the processor, cause the processor to: determine, based on a navigation element of a first type and a navigation element of a second type both disposed on a navigation tracker, a first registration between the navigation tracker and an anatomical element; determine, based on a navigation element of a third type disposed on the navigation tracker, a second registration between a robotic arm and the navigation tracker; and navigate, based on the first registration and the second registration, the robotic arm relative to the anatomical element.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
65.
ROBOTIC SURGICAL SYSTEM WITH FLOATING PATIENT MOUNT
A system includes a robot mounted to a movable base, the robot including one or more robotic arms. The system monitors, by one or more measurement devices, one or more parameters associated with an object. The system adjusts a pose of the robot based on the one or more parameters satisfying one or more criteria. The system outputs an alert based on the one or more parameters satisfying one or more second criteria. The system performs a registration process associated with the object and the robot, based on the one or more parameters satisfying the one or more second criteria. The one or more measurement devices include a mechanical measurement device that maintains a non-rigid connection between the robot and the object. The one or more measurement devices include an optical measurement device, an acoustic transducer, or a multi-sensor device.
Retraction systems, assemblies, and devices for retracting an end unit are provided. A retraction assembly may be configured to move the end unit of a robot between a first state and a second state. A first signal may be received indicating a working condition. A first instruction may be generated to move the end unit from the second state to the first state. The retraction assembly may be caused to move the end unit from the second state to the first state based on receiving the first signal and the first instruction. The end unit may be held in the first state when the first signal is being received and the retraction assembly may move the end unit from the first state to the second state when the first signal is not received.
Systems, methods, and devices for generating a corrected image are provided. A first robotic arm may be configured to orient a source at a first pose and a second robotic arm may be configured to orient a detector at a plurality of second poses. An image dataset may be received from the detector at each of the plurality of second poses to yield a plurality of image datasets. The plurality of datasets may comprise an initial image having a scatter effect. The plurality of image datasets may be saved. A scatter correction may be determined and configured to correct the scatter effect. The correction may be applied to the initial image to correct the scatter effect.
A surgical platform and trolley assembly and an interface of a robotic system are provided. The surgical platform and trolley assembly includes a trolley portion and a surgical platform portion. The trolley portion supports the surgical platform portion, and affords positioning and repositioning of the surgical platform portion relative to the interface of the robotic system. An end portion of the surgical platform portion is attachable relative to the robotic system via engagement to the interface.
A surgical platform and trolley assembly and an interface of a robotic system are provided. The surgical platform and trolley assembly includes a trolley portion and a surgical platform portion. The trolley portion supports the surgical platform portion, and affords positioning and repositioning of the surgical platform portion relative to the interface of the robotic system. An end portion of the surgical platform portion is attachable relative to the robotic system via engagement to the interface.
An adaptor assembly (300,700,1100,1800) comprising a plurality of spacers (722,724,726,728,1126,1128,1130) configured to contact a plurality of contact points of an imaging device (100) and a plurality of holders (120) configured to be adjustable in one or more directions and to support the plurality of spacers (722,724,726,728,1126,1128,1130). The adaptor assembly (300, 700, 1100, 1800) is configured to couple a corrector assembly (104) to an imaging device (100). The plurality of holders (120) may comprise a bracket (702) and at least one side bracket (704); a plurality of arms (304, 306, 308), each arm comprising a first link (314) pivotably connected to a base (312) and a second link (316) pivotably connected to the first link (314); at least one clamp assembly (1102, 1104, 1106); or at least one belt assembly (1802, 1804, 1806).
F16M 13/02 - Other supports for positioning apparatus or articles; Means for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles for supporting on, or attaching to, an object, e.g. tree, gate, window-frame, cycle
G09F 7/18 - Means for attaching signs, plates, panels, or boards to a supporting structure
A system for rod bending for use in robotic spinal surgery, enabling the correct bending of a fusion rod to match the shape required to accurately pass through the heads of the pedicle screws. The system uses data generated by information provided to the robot by the surgeon's preoperative plan, optionally augmented by feedback from the robot control system of deviations encountered intraoperatively. Such deviations could occur, for example, when the surgeon decides intraoperatively on a different trajectory or even to skip screws on one vertebra, in which case, the robot will be commanded to perform the alternative procedure, with commensurate instructions relayed to the control system of the rod-bending machine. The system is also able to thin down the rod at predetermined locations along its length, adapted to be at selected intervertebral locations, for maintaining limited flexibility between vertebrae, instead of fixating them.
A system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor; and a memory storing data thereon that, when processed by the processor, cause the processor to: move a first robotic arm from a first state to a second state; update, based on the moving of the first robotic arm from the first state to the second state, a first status identifier associated with the first robotic arm in a combination state table, the combination state table associated with the first robotic arm and a second robotic arm; determine, based on the first status identifier and the combination state table, a set of permissive states and a set of non-permissive states for the second robotic arm; and prevent the second robotic arm in a third state from performing one or more actions that interfere with the first robotic arm being in the second state.
A method for performing at least one ablation comprising receiving image data of a mass to be ablated; segmenting a volume of the mass to yield a plurality of sub-volumes, each of the plurality of sub-volumes corresponding to one of a plurality of ablation steps; identifying, for each of the plurality of ablation steps and based on the corresponding sub-volume, an ablation center; calculating, for each of the plurality of ablation steps, an ablation tool position and an imaging device position, the imaging device position being independent of the ablation tool position; causing both an ablation tool to be positioned based on the calculated ablation tool position and an imaging device to be positioned based on the calculated imaging device position for one ablation step of the plurality of ablation steps; and causing an ablation tool to activate based on the one ablation step.
Systems and methods for controlling a robotic arm are provided. A breathing pattern of a patient may be controlled and a sample of the breathing pattern may be obtained. A pattern of movement of an anatomical element based on the sample may be determined. A trajectory of a robotic arm may be adjusted based on the pattern of movement.
A rotatable fixation bridge as described herein may include a first end fixedly connectable to a reference and defining at least a portion of a first joint; a second end fixedly connectable to an anchor and defining at least a portion of a second joint; and a bridge member extending between and rotatably secured to the first end and the second end, the bridge member rotatable relative to an axis and comprising a central portion offset from the axis.
A registration method involves receiving image information corresponding to an anatomical element of a patient; receiving sensor information about a simultaneous pose of each of a patient reference frame, a first robot, and a second robot; determining, based on the image information and the sensor information, a correlation among a patient coordinate system, a first coordinate system of the first robot, and a second coordinate system of the second robot; and controlling movement of the first robot and the second robot within a common work volume based on the correlation.
A system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor; and a memory storing instructions thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive, from an inertial sensor disposed proximate an anatomical element, a reading indicative of a first movement of the anatomical element; determine a second movement of a fiducial marker being positioned with a known physical relationship to the inertial sensor; and determine, based on the first movement and the second movement, a change in pose of the anatomical element.
Systems and methods for validating a pose of a marker are provided. First pose information and second pose information of the marker may be received. A pose difference between the first pose information and the second pose information may be determined. A pose of the marker may be validated in response to determining that the pose difference is less than a pose threshold.
A robotic registration kit according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes an elongate arm (304) extending from a proximal end (302) to a distal end (306) including a target receiving surface (308) and a robot mount bracket (312) including a robot attachment surface (358), a clamp screw (316), including a bracket contact surface in contact with the robot mount bracket (312) and a threaded outer surface (322), rotationally attached to the robot mount bracket (312) allowing the clamp screw (316) to rotate and preventing axial movement of the clamp screw (316), and a clamp (320) including a plate (324) with a threaded hole (328) running therethrough and a finger (332) extending a distance to a clamp end including a hook portion (336) disposed proximally past the robot attachment surface (358) of the robot mount bracket (312). The clamp (320) is moveable between a clamped state and an unclamped state by a rotational movement of the clamp screw (316) relative to the clamp (320).
Systems and methods for validating a pose of a marker are provided. First pose information and second pose information of the marker may be received. A pose difference between the first pose information and the second pose information may be determined. A pose of the marker may be validated in response to determining that the pose difference is less than a pose threshold.
A robotic navigation system includes a robot base (140); a robotic arm (144) comprising a proximal portion secured to the robot base, a distal portion movable relative to the proximal portion, and a tracking marker (156) secured to the robotic arm proximate the distal portion; at least one processor; a navigation system including a tracking marker sensor configured to identify positions of the tracking marker in a first coordinate space; and a memory. The memory stores instructions that cause the at least one processor to: cause the robotic arm (144) to move to a plurality of different poses; receive information relating to a position of the tracking marker (156) in a second coordinate space when the robotic arm is in each of the plurality of different poses; and compare the positions of the tracking marker in the first coordinate space to the positions of the tracking marker in the second coordinate space.
Protection systems, assemblies, and devices are provided. A protection assembly may be configured to transition an end unit of a robot between a first state and a second state. A signal indicating a breaching state may be received. The protection assembly may transition the end unit from the first state to the second state when the signal is received.
Systems and methods for controlling a robotic arm are provided. A breathing pattern of a patient may be controlled and a sample of the breathing pattern may be obtained. A pattern of movement of an anatomical element based on the sample may be determined. A trajectory of a robotic arm may be adjusted based on the pattern of movement.
Systems and methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure include: receiving registration data including information about a location of an anatomical element in a surgical environment; defining, based on the registration data, a three-dimensional (3D) volume in the surgical environment including the anatomical element; and controlling a robotic arm inside the surgical environment based on the defined 3D volume such that at least the robotic arm or one or more components attached to the robotic arm avoids passing through the defined 3D volume during a movement of the robotic arm.
A robotic surgical system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a robot arm including a proximal end and a distal end and a surgical tool that attaches to the distal end of the robot arm via a robot mount flange on the surgical tool. The surgical tool includes a blade support tip that extends from a first end and a rod that extends from a second end opposite the first end. The rod may include a blunt tip end and an actuation end, where the blunt tip end extends from the second end. Accordingly, the surgical tool may be rotatable about a tool rotation axis between a cutting position disposing the blade support tip in proximity to a target site and a tissue pathway creation position disposing the blunt tip end in proximity to the target site.
A61B 17/00 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
Methods, systems, and devices for robot integrated segmental tracking are described. A system determines first positional information of one or more objects based on three- dimensional first image data captured by an imaging device, tracking information associated with the one or more objects, or both. The first positional information includes a real-time location of the one or more objects. The system generates an image including a graphical representation of the one or more objects. Generating the image includes positioning the graphical representation of the one or more objects based on a comparison result indicative of a deviation between the first positional information and reference positional information of the one or more objects. The reference positional information includes a registered location of the one or more objects. The system outputs an indication of the deviation between the first positional information and the reference positional information.
A61B 90/20 - Surgical microscopes characterised by non-optical aspects
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
Systems, methods, and devices for drilling and imaging an anatomical element are provided. An image may be received from an imaging device coupled to a housing. The image may depict hard tissue and/or soft tissue and the image may be processed using image processing to identify the hard tissue and/or soft tissue. A thickness of the hard tissue may be determined and instructions to perform a surgical step on the hard tissue when the thickness is less than a predetermined threshold may be transmitted.
A61B 17/16 - Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
A61B 17/00 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
88.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING SURGICAL TOOLS BASED ON BONE DENSITY ESTIMATION
A method of estimating bone mineral density according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes receiving one or more images of an anatomical element; generating, based on the one or more images of the anatomical element, a three-dimensional mask for the anatomical element; generating, based on the three-dimensional mask for the anatomical element, a transformed three-dimensional mask for at least a portion of the anatomical element; filtering the one or more images of the anatomical element with the transformed three-dimensional mask for the at least a portion of the anatomical element; and determining, based on the filtering, a bone mineral density for the at least a portion of the anatomical element.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes ; Identification of persons
A drape assembly (100) for a surgical instrument (108) is provided. The assembly (100) comprises a covering (106) having an outer perimeter and an opening (118) defining an inner perimeter. The covering (106) is configured to cover an instrument (108). The assembly (100) also comprises a housing (102) positioned within the opening (118) and connected to the inner perimeter. The housing (102) is configured to removably couple to the instrument (108). The assembly (100) also comprises an optical element (104) positioned within the housing (102).
A system comprises a neuromonitoring system configured to generate nerve data regarding a state of a nerve of a patient during a surgical procedure on the patient. The system includes a robotic system configured to receive or generate, for the surgical procedure, location data that identifies a location of the nerve of the patient. The robotic system may cause the neuromonitoring system to be in either an active state or an inactive state based on the location data, where the active state is a state in which the neuromonitoring system provides the nerve data to the robotic system, while the inactive state is a state in which the neuromonitoring system does not provide the nerve data to the robotic system. The robotic system may further generate at least one control signal that implements one or more safeguards for the surgical procedure.
A robotic surgical system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first robot arm coupled to a second robot arm, where a surgical tool is attached to the first robot arm and an ultrasonic sensor is attached to the second robot arm. Accordingly, when the first robot arm is moved to position the surgical tool adjacent a target site of a patient, the second robot arm is also moved to position the ultrasonic sensor adjacent the surgical tool and the target site. In some examples, images generated by the ultrasonic sensor may be used to determine layers of fascia of the patient at the target site. Subsequently, the surgical tool may move through the layers of fascia while continuing to receive real-time images of the tissue displacement instrument relative to the target site from the ultrasonic sensor.
Systems and methods for tracking movement of an anatomical element are provided. A marker may be coupled to an anatomical element and may be tracked by a navigation system. Movement of the marker may be detected by the navigation system and a pose of the marker may be determined based on the movement. The pose of the marker may be validated when the pose substantially matches a desired predetermined pose.
A61B 34/20 - Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
Retraction systems, assemblies, and devices for retracting an end unit are provided. A retraction assembly may be configured to move the end unit of a robot between a first state and a second state. A first signal may be received indicating a working condition. A first instruction may be generated to move the end unit from the second state to the first state. The retraction assembly may be caused to move the end unit from the second state to the first state based on receiving the first signal and the first instruction. The end unit may be held in the first state when the first signal is being received and the retraction assembly may move the end unit from the first state to the second state when the first signal is not received.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
Systems and methods for registering one or more anatomical elements are provided. The system may comprise an imaging device and a navigation system configured to track a pose of a marker coupled to an object and configured to identify the marker. A first image may be received from a surgical plan. Pose information describing the pose of the marker and a marker identification of the marker may be obtained from the navigation system. An object identification based on the marker identification may be retrieved from a database. Image data of a second image depicting an anatomical element and the object may be obtained from the imaging device. The image data, the pose information, and the object identification may be input into a registration model. The registration model may be configured to register the anatomical element to the first image based on the pose information and the object identification.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor; and a memory storing instructions thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive, from an inertial sensor disposed proximate an anatomical element, a reading indicative of a first movement of the anatomical element; determine a second movement of a fiducial marker being positioned with a known physical relationship to the inertial sensor; and determine, based on the first movement and the second movement, a change in pose of the anatomical element.
A61B 34/20 - Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for a robotic arm guide used as a depth stop. For example, a system for positioning a surgical tool includes a surgical robotic system having a robot arm with a guide sleeve, the guide sleeve defining axial and lateral directions. The system is further configured to (i) receive a surgical plan associated with a subject, the surgical plan including three-dimensional preoperative data related to the subject, (ii) determine, based on the surgical plan, a desired trajectory of a distal end of the surgical tool as the surgical tool is inserted into the guide sleeve, and (iii) transmit one or more control signals to the surgical robotic system, causing the surgical robotic system to orient and position the guide sleeve such that the distal end of the surgical tool follows the desired trajectory when the surgical tool is inserted in the guide sleeve.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
97.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING SURGICAL TOOLS BASED ON BONE DENSITY ESTIMATION
A method of estimating bone mineral density according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes receiving one or more images of an anatomical element; generating, based on the one or more images of the anatomical element, a three-dimensional mask for the anatomical element; generating, based on the three-dimensional mask for the anatomical element, a transformed three-dimensional mask for at least a portion of the anatomical element; filtering the one or more images of the anatomical element with the transformed three-dimensional mask for the at least a portion of the anatomical element; and determining, based on the filtering, a bone mineral density for the at least a portion of the anatomical element.
A61B 34/00 - Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes ; Identification of persons
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
98.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ROBOTIC COLLISION AVOIDANCE USING MEDICAL IMAGING
Systems and methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure include: receiving registration data including information about a location of an anatomical element in a surgical environment; defining, based on the registration data, a three-dimensional (3D) volume in the surgical environment including the anatomical element; and controlling a robotic arm inside the surgical environment based on the defined 3D volume such that at least the robotic arm or one or more components attached to the robotic arm avoids passing through the defined 3D volume during a movement of the robotic arm.
Systems, methods, and devices for drilling and imaging an anatomical element are provided. An image may be received from an imaging device coupled to a housing. The image may depict hard tissue and/or soft tissue and the image may be processed using image processing to identify the hard tissue and/or soft tissue. A thickness of the hard tissue may be determined and instructions to perform a surgical step on the hard tissue when the thickness is less than a predetermined threshold may be transmitted.
A61B 90/00 - Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups , e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
Protection systems, assemblies, and devices are provided. A protection assembly may be configured to transition an end unit of a robot between a first state and a second state. A signal indicating a breaching state may be received. The protection assembly may transition the end unit from the first state to the second state when the signal is received.
