A method for improving the efficiency of a pharmaceutical filling line by running the filling line at an increased throughput rate is disclosed. The method involves using glass vials that have been strengthened and coated to reduce the coefficient of friction of the outer surface of the vials with a pharmaceutical filling line set at a rate greater than or equal to 600 vials per minute and running in an efficiency of at least 70%.
A method for improving the efficiency of a pharmaceutical filling line by running the filling line at an increased throughput rate is disclosed. The method involves using glass vials that have been strengthened and coated to reduce the coefficient of friction of the outer surface of the vials with a pharmaceutical filling line set at a rate greater than or equal to 600 vials per minute and running in an efficiency of at least 70%.
In other embodiments of the invention, the pharmaceutical filling line may also be provided with a polymer chemical coating at points of contact with the glass vials, thereby further reducing the friction between the vials and the points of contact and the effects of impact of the vials with contact points of the pharmaceutical filling line.
B65B 3/00 - Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans or jars
A61J 1/14 - Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes DetailsAccessories therefor
B65B 7/28 - Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
B65B 55/24 - Cleaning of, or removing dust from, containers, wrappers, or packaging
B65B 65/00 - Details peculiar to packaging machines and not otherwise provided forArrangements of such details
223222522322255; wherein a glass having the same composition and microstructure as the glass composition at the center of the glass-based article has a Young's modulus of 82 GPa or less; and optionally wherein the compressive stress layer comprises a maximum compressive stress of 1400-2000 MPa.
B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
C03C 3/083 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
3.
INSULATED GLASS UNIT INCLUDING A THIN LAMINATE PANE
An insulated glass unit (10) includes (a) a first outer pane (12); (b) a second outer pane (14); (c) an inner pane (16) disposed between the first outer pane (12) and the second outer pane (14), the inner pane (12) comprising a first primary surface (24) facing the first outer pane and a second primary surface (26) facing the second outer pane (14), and (d) at least one spacer element (18) defining (i) a first space (36) between the first outer pane (12) and the inner pane (16) and (ii) a second space (38) between the inner pane (16) and the second outer pane (14). At least one of the first outer pane (12), the second outer pane (14), and the inner pane (16) is a laminate (44) including (i) a first glass sheet (46), (ii) a second glass sheet (48), (iii) an interlayer (50) disposed between the first glass sheet (46) and the second glass sheet (48), and (iv) a thickness that is less than or equal to 2.2 mm.
B32B 3/06 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers togetherLayered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support
B32B 7/12 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
B32B 17/10 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
4.
HOLLOW-CORE OPTICAL FIBERS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
A method may include: feeding a hollow-core preform into a draw furnace at a preform feed rate Vp; heating the hollow-core preform comprising an outer tube having an inner radius/diameter rp/IDpreform and an outer radius/diameter Rp/ODpreform; and drawing a hollow-core optical fiber from the hollow-core preform at a fiber draw rate Vf and a draw tension τ, thereby elongating the outer tube of the hollow-core preform to an outer cladding of the hollow-core optical fiber having an inner radius/diameter rf/IDfiber and an outer radius/diameter Rf/ODfiber; wherein: the interior cavity of the outer tube is under a differential core pressure Pcore, the differential core pressure Pcore, the inner and outer radii rp and Rp of the outer tube are selected such that a tight control over target inner and outer radii rf and Rf and a fiber dimension sensitivity ΔIDfiber of the outer cladding can be achieved.
A method includes heating a hollow-core preform comprising an outer tube and an inner tube. The outer tube includes an inner radius rocp and an outer radius Rocp. The inner tube includes an inner radius rcp and an outer radius Rcp. The method further includes drawing a hollow-core optical fiber from the hollow-core preform at a draw tension Tg in grams, thereby elongating the outer tube into an outer cladding of the hollow-core optical fiber and the inner tube to a capillary of the hollow-core optical fiber. The draw tension Tg and/or a differential capillary pressure Δpc are selected at least in part based on a non-dimensional parameter
A method includes heating a hollow-core preform comprising an outer tube and an inner tube. The outer tube includes an inner radius rocp and an outer radius Rocp. The inner tube includes an inner radius rcp and an outer radius Rcp. The method further includes drawing a hollow-core optical fiber from the hollow-core preform at a draw tension Tg in grams, thereby elongating the outer tube into an outer cladding of the hollow-core optical fiber and the inner tube to a capillary of the hollow-core optical fiber. The draw tension Tg and/or a differential capillary pressure Δpc are selected at least in part based on a non-dimensional parameter
X
1
=
3
π
(
R
ocp
2
-
r
ocp
2
)
R
cp
(
Δ
p
c
r
cp
-
2
σ
c
)
4
Tr
cp
(
R
cp
-
r
cp
)
,
A method includes heating a hollow-core preform comprising an outer tube and an inner tube. The outer tube includes an inner radius rocp and an outer radius Rocp. The inner tube includes an inner radius rcp and an outer radius Rcp. The method further includes drawing a hollow-core optical fiber from the hollow-core preform at a draw tension Tg in grams, thereby elongating the outer tube into an outer cladding of the hollow-core optical fiber and the inner tube to a capillary of the hollow-core optical fiber. The draw tension Tg and/or a differential capillary pressure Δpc are selected at least in part based on a non-dimensional parameter
X
1
=
3
π
(
R
ocp
2
-
r
ocp
2
)
R
cp
(
Δ
p
c
r
cp
-
2
σ
c
)
4
Tr
cp
(
R
cp
-
r
cp
)
,
where T is the draw tension in dynes and T=981×Tg, Δpc is in dynes/cm2, σc in dyne/cm is a surface energy of a glass material forming the inner tube, and −0.5≤X1≤0.75.
A glass composition comprising: 40-60 mol. % SiO2; 14-30 mol. % Al2O3; 1-10 mol. % Li2O; 15-30 mol. % Na2O; 1-20 mol. % MgO; 0-10 mol. % CaO; 0-5 mol. % P2O5; and a Young's modulus of 82 GPa or less. A glass-based article comprising: a compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression; a potassium layer extending from the surface of the glass-based article to a potassium depth of layer; a central tension region; a thickness; and a glass composition at a center of the glass-based article comprising: 40-60 mol. % SiO2; 14-30 mol. % Al2O3; 1-10 mol. % Li2O; 15-30 mol. % Na2O; 1-20 mol. % MgO; 0-10 mol. % CaO; and 0-5 mol. % P2O5; wherein a glass having the same composition and microstructure as the glass composition at the center of the glass-based article has a Young's modulus of 82 GPa or less; and optionally wherein the compressive stress layer comprises a maximum compressive stress of 1400-2000 MPa.
C03C 3/087 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
C03C 3/091 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium
C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
C03B 37/027 - Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. fibre optics
8.
LAMINATE WITH A FIRST GLASS LAYER AND A SECOND GLASS LAYER, AT LEAST ONE OF WHICH HAS AN ULTRAVIOLET REDUCTION COMPOSITION, AND APPLICATIONS INCORPORATING THE LAMINATE
2232523222222233. Whichever of the at least one of the first glass layer and the second glass layer that includes the ultraviolet reduction composition can further have a thickness that is less than 250 µm.
C03C 3/087 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
C03C 3/093 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
C03C 3/095 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing rare earths
C03C 4/08 - Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths
9.
MOLTEN GLASS TRANSFER ASSEMBLIES TO MITIGATE LEAKS AND IMPROVE HEAT LOSS PROPERTIES
A glass manufacturing system that includes a fining vessel, a stir chamber, and a molten glass transfer assembly is disclosed. The molten glass transfer assembly is configured to convey molten glass from the fining vessel to the stir chamber. The molten glass transfer assembly includes a cradle, a castable material, and a conduit. The cradle includes an internal cradle surface that surrounds an internal cradle volume. The castable material is positioned inside of the internal cradle surface of the cradle, and the castable material has a thermal conductivity greater than about 2.0 W/(m·°C) at temperatures of less than about 1500 °C. The castable material also includes an internal castable surface that surrounds an internal castable volume. The is conduit positioned inside of the internal castable surface, and the conduit comprises an internal surface that surrounds an internal volume.
A glass transfer system for heating molten glass is provided. The glass transfer system comprises a glass transfer tube that is configured to allow molten glass to flow within an internal volume of the glass transfer tube. The glass transfer system also comprises a support assembly having an inner surface defining an internal opening therein configured to receive the glass transfer tube. The internal opening defines a height and a width, the height is greater than the width, and the support assembly is configured to receive the glass transfer tube within the internal opening.
A glass transfer system for heating molten glass is provided including an electrical power source, a hollow glass transfer tube allowing molten glass to flow therein, and a flange assembly. The flange assembly comprises an inner structure defining a central opening, and the inner structure receives the glass transfer tube within the central opening so the inner structure is in contact with the glass transfer tube. The flange assembly includes an outer structure primarily comprised of material other than platinum, the outer structure is directly attached to the inner structure and is connectable to the electrical power source so that electrical current is conducted through to the glass transfer tube to heat it, thereby heating the molten glass flowing therein. A maximum electrical current density within the inner structure is no more than about 1.9 times the minimum electrical current density within the inner structure when electrical current is conducted.
2232223233. The glass article can exhibit a density that is less than or equal to 2.444 g/cm3. The composition can exhibit a liquidus viscosity that is greater than or equal to 200 kP. A laminate and photovoltaic module including the glass article are additionally disclosed.
C03C 3/085 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
C03C 3/091 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium
A glass includes silica, alumina, boria, and yttria. The glass may have high fracture toughness, often greater than 1 MPa·m1/2, as well as high Vickers hardness, on the order of 800 kgf/mm2 or greater. Furthermore, Applicants find that, due to surprisingly large high-temperature coefficient of thermal expansion (e.g., over 35 ppm/° C. at about 875° C.) and high elastic modulus (e.g., >120 GPa) the glass may be particularly suitable for thermal tempering, which may strengthen a corresponding article comprising the glass.
A module and a process for forming a monolithic substantially closed-porosity silicon carbide fluidic module having a tortuous fluid passage extending through the module, the tortuous fluid passage having an interior surface, the interior surface having a surface roughness in the range of from 0.1 to 10 μm Ra. The process includes positioning a positive fluid passage mold within a volume of silicon carbide powder, the powder coated with a binder; pressing the volume of silicon carbide powder with the mold inside to form a pressed body; heating the pressed body to remove the mold; and sintering the pressed body.
Methods and algorithms are described herein for identifying core elements within a multicore optical fiber using single end-face image processing and/or lateral image processing. A method includes capturing a plurality of lateral images of the multicore optical fiber at various rotational orientations, determining an average intensity of each horizontal row from each of the lateral images, and compiling the average intensity of each of the plurality of horizontal rows into a plurality of datasets, each plurality of datasets corresponding to one of the lateral images. The plurality of datasets are compounded into a compounded image, a subset of the plurality of datasets is selected from the compounded image, and an image intensity of the subset of the plurality of datasets is analyzed. Based on the analysis, at least one structural component of each of at least two core elements present within the multicore optical fiber is identified.
A glass includes silica, alumina, boria, and yttria. The glass may have high fracture toughness, often greater than 1 MPa·m1/2, as well as high Vickers hardness, on the order of 800 kgf/mm2 or greater. Furthermore, Applicants find that, due to surprisingly large high-temperature coefficient of thermal expansion (e.g., over 35 ppm/°C at about 875°C) and high elastic modulus (e.g., >120 GPa) the glass may be particularly suitable for thermal tempering, which may strengthen a corresponding article comprising the glass.
A glass manufacturing apparatus is disclosed including a molten glass delivery apparatus including a lower carriage, an upper rail system supported on the lower carriage and including first and second side upper support rails oriented at an elevation angle α greater than 0 degrees relative to horizontal, and upper carriages supported on the upper rail system. Each upper carriage includes a base plate oriented at an elevation angle β greater than 0 degrees relative to horizontal, a first side upper roller coupled to the base plate and engaged with the first side upper support rail, and a second side upper roller coupled to the base plate and engaged with the second side upper support rail. One upper roller includes a rolling surface including a groove engaged with a tongue of one of the first and second side upper support rails. The other upper roller includes a flat rolling surface.
Methods and algorithms are described herein for identifying core elements within a multicore optical fiber using single end-face image processing and/or lateral image processing. A method includes capturing a plurality of lateral images of the multicore optical fiber at various rotational orientations, determining an average intensity of each horizontal row from each of the lateral images, and compiling the average intensity of each of the plurality of horizontal rows into a plurality of datasets, each plurality of datasets corresponding to one of the lateral images. The plurality of datasets are compounded into a compounded image, a subset of the plurality of datasets is selected from the compounded image, and an image intensity of the subset of the plurality of datasets is analyzed. Based on the analysis, at least one structural component of each of at least two core elements present within the multicore optical fiber is identified.
Devices and methods having embedded three-dimensional structures in thin ceramic substrates, including but not limited to dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs), and devices used in electronics, radio frequency (RF) antennas, sensors, and other applications. A hole is formed in the surface of an unsintered ceramic substrate, and a three-dimensional object is inserted through the hole and into the substrate. The substrate and inserted object are then heated to high temperatures to sinter the substrate and to covalently bond the object to the substrate, thereby securely attaching the object to the substrate surface generally without a need to use adhesives.
C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
C04B 35/48 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on zirconium or hafnium oxides or zirconates or hafnates
An article including: (a) a substrate (i) including a first primary surface and a second primary surface facing generally away from the first primary surface and (ii) exhibiting a substrate index of refraction; (b) a first layer of a high reflectance ink (i) layered over the second primary surface of the substrate, and (ii) exhibiting an ink index of refraction that is greater than the substrate index of refraction; and (c) a second layer of a substantially opaque ink, the second layer layered over the first layer, with the first layer sandwiched between the second layer and the substrate. The first layer is substantially free of a metallic component. For electromagnetic radiation throughout an entirety of the visible spectrum initially transmitted through the first primary surface of the substrate and incident on the first layer, the article exhibits an average reflectance that is greater than or equal to 4%.
C09D 11/101 - Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
21.
LIGHT WEIGHT HURRICANE WINDOW AND LAMINATE WITH UNTEMPERED SHEET
A hurricane-resistant laminated pane comprises a first sheet of thermally strengthened glass having a thickness in the range of from 2 to 24 mm, a second sheet of untempered glass having a thickness in the range of from 0.3 to 1 mm, and a polymer interlayer adhered between the first sheet and the second sheet. A process for making such a pane and a window comprising such a pane are also disclosed.
B32B 17/10 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
A glass is provided, comprising: greater than or equal to 50.4 mol % to less than or equal to 60.5 mol % SiO2; greater than or equal to 16.4 mol % to less than or equal to 19.5 mol % Al2O3; greater than or equal to 2.4 mol % to less than or equal to 9.5 mol % B2O3; greater than or equal to 0.4 mol % to less than or equal to 7.5 mol % CaO; greater than or equal to 7.4 mol % to less than or equal to 11.5 mol % Li2O; greater than 0.4 mol % to less than or equal to 5.5 mol % Na2O; greater than 0.1 mol % to less than or equal to 1.5 mol % ZrO2; and greater than or equal to 0 mol % to less than or equal to 2.5 mol % Y2O3. Related articles and methods are also provided.
C03C 3/087 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
C03C 3/093 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
C03C 3/095 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing rare earths
C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
23.
WAFER WITH A PLURALITY OF SENSOR UNITS THAT INCLUDE AN ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR
NATIONAL YANG MING CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY (Taiwan, Province of China)
Inventor
Bellman, Robert Alan
Deng, Huayun
He, Mingqian
Li, Yang
Liu, Jianwei
Niu, Weijun
Zan, Hsiao-Wen
Abstract
A wafer including a plurality of sensor units, each sensor unit including (a) a substrate with a primary surface; (b) a first layer of a first conductive material disposed over the primary surface of the substrate; (c) a plurality of projections extending from the first layer of the first conductive material away from the primary surface of the substrate, each of the projections including (i) a layer of an insulator disposed over the first layer of the first conductive material and (ii) a second layer of a second conductive material disposed over the layer of the insulator; and (d) an organic semiconductor disposed over the first layer of the first conductive material and the projections. A method of manufacturing sensor units. The method includes a dicing step that includes separating the plurality of sensor units from the wafer.
A cell culture matrix for culturing cells in a fixed bed reactor is provided. The cell culture matrix includes a first substrate material with an ordered and regular array of openings passing through the layer, the openings being separated by the substrate material having a physical structure that is substantially regular and uniform and that is configured for growing cell thereon. The physical structure and array of openings are configured such that, when the first substrate material is rolled into a rolled substrate matrix comprising rolled layers of the first substrate material, a variation in packing density of the rolled layers is less than about 20×, less than about 10×, less than about 5×, or less than about 2× throughout the rolled substrate matrix.
A glass forming apparatus includes a cooling tube positioned adjacent to a travel path of a glass ribbon. The cooling tube includes a central portion including a first sidewall surrounding a central chamber and extending along a tube axis. The cooling tube includes an end portion including a second sidewall surrounding an end chamber. The end portion extends along the tube axis and is attached to the central portion. The cooling tube receives a cooling fluid within the central chamber and the end chamber. A sleeve extends along the tube axis and circumferentially surrounds the end portion. The sleeve includes a sleeve wall spaced radially apart from the second sidewall, and a thermally insulating material positioned between the sleeve wall and the second sidewall. Methods of forming a glass ribbon with a glass forming apparatus are provided.
A glass manufacturing apparatus includes a glass ribbon forming device positioned in a first chamber. The glass manufacturing apparatus includes an enclosure surrounding the first chamber and including a second chamber substantially enclosed and isolated from the first chamber by an enclosure wall of the enclosure. The enclosure wall separates the first chamber from the second chamber. The glass manufacturing apparatus includes a gas supply apparatus in fluid communication with the second chamber. The gas supply apparatus delivers gas to the second chamber such that a first pressure in the first chamber is less than a second pressure in the second chamber.
An optical element includes a substrate and a coating supported by the substrate. The coating includes, in an order moving away from the substrate, a period including a high refractive index metal fluoride layer and a low refractive index metal fluoride layer and a capping layer including SiO2, F—SiO2, or a combination thereof. The capping layer includes a density greater than or equal to 2.20 g/cm3 and less than 2.28 g/cm3. A method of making the optical element includes depositing the capping layer at a temperature greater than or equal to 200° C. and less than 300° C. and using ion treatment.
An optical element that includes an incoupling grating coupled to a lightguide and a support substrate, the incoupling grating being configured to guide light into the lightguide and the support substrate, and the following relationship being satisfied:
An optical element that includes an incoupling grating coupled to a lightguide and a support substrate, the incoupling grating being configured to guide light into the lightguide and the support substrate, and the following relationship being satisfied:
n
S
≥
2
·
sin
(
F
O
V
2
)
+
1
,
An optical element that includes an incoupling grating coupled to a lightguide and a support substrate, the incoupling grating being configured to guide light into the lightguide and the support substrate, and the following relationship being satisfied:
n
S
≥
2
·
sin
(
F
O
V
2
)
+
1
,
wherein nS is the refractive index of the support substrate and POV is the field of view (degrees) of the optical element.
An article that includes a substrate with a first surface and a second surface and that has a bulk region and a surface modified region, the bulk region being integral with the surface modified region, and the surface modified region being at the first surface of the substrate. The bulk region including a higher concentration of at least one alkali than the surface modified region, and where a metal coating is disposed on the first surface of the substrate.
A method of manufacturing a preform for a hollow core optical fiber including: a redraw step including: (1) heating a workpiece including: (a) a cladding tube including (i) a cladding interior, (ii) a cladding outer surface at a cladding outer radius, and (iii) a cladding thickness; and (b) a capillary disposed within the cladding interior, the capillary including (i) a capillary interior, (ii) a capillary outer radius, (iii) a capillary inner radius, (iv) a capillary thickness, and (v) a capillary aspect ratio corresponding to the ratio of the capillary inner radius to the capillary outer radius, and (2) manipulating a gas pressure within the capillary interior or the cladding interior, via a source of gas or a vacuum, to vary the aspect ratio of the capillary. Both the cladding outer radius and the cladding thickness change during the redraw step by less than 20%.
Methods for manufacturing a glass ribbon include moving the glass ribbon along a travel path in a travel direction. Methods include directing a first ribbon portion of the glass ribbon to a winding apparatus to wind the first ribbon portion into a roll. Methods include detaching the first ribbon portion from a second ribbon portion of the glass ribbon. Methods include separating the second ribbon portion into a plurality of separated ribbon portions. Methods include directing a first set of the plurality of separated ribbon portions toward a disposal apparatus to crush the first set of the plurality of separated ribbon portions. Methods include forming a stack with a second set of the plurality of separated ribbon portions. A glass manufacturing apparatus is provided.
222, or a combination thereof. The capping layer includes a density greater than or equal to 2.20 g/cm3and less than 2.28 g/cm3. A method of making the optical element includes depositing the capping layer at a temperature greater than or equal to 200 °C and less than 300 °C and using ion treatment.
G03F 7/00 - Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printed surfacesMaterials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresistsApparatus specially adapted therefor
33.
METHOD AND FURNACE FOR DRAWING HOLLOW-CORE OPTICAL FIBERS
A furnace assembly for manufacturing a hollow-core optical fiber from a hollow-core fiber preform includes a furnace (302) having a body defining a body cavity (305) extending along a longitudinal axis between a preform input port and a hollow-core fiber output port. The body cavity is configured to locate the hollow-core optical fiber preform (200) and a process gas (312). At least one primary heating element (314) is proximate a necking region (216) of the hollow-core optical fiber preform and configured to maintain the necking region at a draw temperature, the draw temperature sufficient to soften the necking region. The process gas occupies a flow field surrounding a cladding outer surface. The flow field extends from the necking region to the preform input port and the process gas has a flow with an average Grashof number less than 1.6 x 104 in the flow field. The process gas (312) may be delivered to the body cavity (305) through a plurality of gas delivery channels, including a middle gas delivery channel (322) partially defined by an air guide piece (323).
A method of manufacturing a hollow core optical fiber including (a) a consolidated tube presenting step including presenting a consolidated cladding tube including a consolidated cladding first end, a consolidated cladding second end, a consolidated cladding longitudinal axis, and a consolidated cladding inner surface, the consolidated cladding inner surface defining a consolidated cladding interior and including consolidated cladding recesses (i) positioned around the consolidated cladding longitudinal axis and (ii) extending from the consolidated first end to the consolidated second end; and (b) a capillary tube coupling step comprising coupling preform capillary tubes to the consolidated cladding inner surface within the consolidated cladding recesses thus creating an optical fiber preform, each of the preform capillary tubes disposed within a different one of the consolidated cladding recesses. The cladding tube may be made by soot deposition, e.g. on a bait rod having a structure corresponding to the recesses, or by extrusion.
A method of manufacturing a preform for a hollow core optical fiber including: a redraw step including: (1) heating a workpiece including: (a) a cladding tube including (i) a cladding interior, (ii) a cladding outer surface at a cladding outer radius, and (iii) a cladding thickness; and (b) a capillary disposed within the cladding interior, the capillary including (i) a capillary interior, (ii) a capillary outer radius, (iii) a capillary inner radius, (iv) a capillary thickness, and (v) a capillary aspect ratio corresponding to the ratio of the capillary inner radius to the capillary outer radius, and (2) manipulating a gas pressure within the capillary interior or the cladding interior, via a source of gas or a vacuum, to vary the aspect ratio of the capillary. Both the cladding outer radius and the cladding thickness change during the redraw step by less than 20%.
An anti-resonant hollow core optical fiber including: (A) a fiber longitudinal axis extending from a first end to a second end; (B) a cladding tube through which the fiber longitudinal axis extends, the cladding tube (1) extending longitudinally from the first end to the second end, (2) disposed azimuthally around the fiber longitudinal axis, and (3) including (a) a cladding outer surface at a cladding outer radius from the fiber longitudinal axis and (b) a cladding inner surface comprising at least one recess; and (C) at least one anti-resonant element in contact with the cladding inner surface, the at least one anti-resonant element extending longitudinally from the first end to the second end. The cladding inner surface is disposed at a cladding inner radius that has azimuthal variability (e.g., is not constant entirely) around the fiber longitudinal axis to define the at least one recess.
Methods and die systems for producing a hollow-core optical fiber preforms are provided. In some embodiments, the method may include providing a precursor material, extruding the precursor material through a die assembly to a shaped body, and forming a hollow-core preform or a component thereof from the shaped body. Providing the precursor material may include one of: heating the precursor material such that a viscosity of the precursor material reaches about 103to about 107 poise, or forming a paste comprising a glass powder and a binder. The hollow-core preform includes and further includes one of an inner tube coupled to the outer tube, or a spiral coupled to the outer tube. Die assemblies (700) with inserts (740) and (770) and shell (710) suitable for forming such preforms are provided.
Apparatus for making a glass ribbon comprise a forming wedge and at least one edge roller. The at least one edge roller comprises a sleeve coupled to an outer end of a fluid conduit. The sleeve further comprises a plurality of apertures that each define a radial fluid path. Methods of manufacturing a glass ribbon comprise cooling the edge portion of the glass ribbon with a pair of edge rollers. The methods further comprise maintaining a temperature gradient within a first temperature range across a portion of each edge roller of the pair of edge rollers. The methods further comprise maintaining a temperature gradient within a second temperature range across a free end of an end portion of each edge roller of the pair of edge rollers.
An electrode pushing assembly and method includes a frame assembly, a plurality of driving assemblies fixedly coupled to the frame assembly, and a push frame coupled to the plurality of driving assemblies and configured to exert a pushing force against the electrode. The plurality of driving assemblies are configured to move the push frame and are each independently removable from the frame assembly and the push frame.
C03B 5/027 - Melting in furnacesFurnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
A structure may include a nanoparticle structure comprising a first primary surface and a second primary surface opposite the first primary surface, one or more layers of oxide nanoparticles disposed between and constituting the first and second primary surfaces; an interior pore volume located in spaces between oxide nanoparticles; and a binder provided in the interior pore volume and covalently bonded to at least a portion of the oxide nanoparticles.
A hollow core optical fiber preform including a seal at least partially sealing one or more of a cladding opening of a cladding tube and a capillary opening of each or some of one or more capillary tubes within a cladding interior of the cladding tube. The hollow core optical fiber preform includes a seal glass composition exhibiting a seal coefficient of thermal expansion that is within ±10% of a coefficient of thermal expansion of the cladding or a coefficient of thermal expansion of the one or more capillaries. The hollow core optical fiber perform can further include one or more metal tubes extending through the seal. The metal tubes can be placed in fluid communication with one or more sources of a gas to control gas pressure within the one or more capillary tubes and the cladding interior during a draw step to control the dimensions thereof.
A furnace assembly for manufacturing a hollow-core optical fiber from a hollow-core fiber preform includes a furnace having a body defining a body cavity extending along a longitudinal axis between a preform input port and a hollow-core fiber output port. The body cavity is configured to locate the hollow-core optical fiber preform and a process gas. At least one primary heating element is proximate a necking region of the hollow-core optical fiber preform and configured to maintain the necking region at a draw temperature, the draw temperature sufficient to soften the necking region. The process gas occupies a flow field surrounding a cladding outer surface. The flow field extends from the necking region to the preform input port and the process gas has a flow with an average Grashof number less than 1.6×104 in the flow field.
An anti-resonant hollow core optical fiber including: (a) a cladding tube including a cladding inner surface at a cladding inner radius from a fiber longitudinal axis, the cladding inner radius varying azimuthally around the fiber longitudinal axis, the cladding inner surface defining recesses, and each of the recesses merging with adjacent recesses so that the cladding inner surface forms peaks pointing inward toward the fiber longitudinal axis; (b) a plurality of primary capillaries, each of the plurality of primary capillaries (i) disposed within a different one of the recesses and contacting the cladding inner surface and (ii) contacting or merging with an adjacent primary capillary in both azimuthal directions around the fiber longitudinal axis; and (c) an effective core region tangential to the plurality of primary capillaries at a core radius from the fiber longitudinal axis, the plurality of primary capillaries disposed radially outward of the effective core region.
Methods and systems for producing a hollow-core optical fiber preform and/or components thereof are described herein. In some embodiments, the method may include providing a precursor material, extruding the precursor material through a die assembly to a shaped body, and forming a hollow-core optical fiber preform or a component thereof from the shaped body. In some embodiments, providing the precursor material may include one of: heating the precursor material such that a viscosity of the precursor material reaches about 103 to about 107 poise, or forming a paste comprising a glass powder and a binder. In some embodiments, the hollow-core optical fiber preform may include an outer tube. In some embodiments, the hollow-core optical fiber preform may further include one of an inner tube coupled to the outer tube, or a spiral coupled to the outer tube.
C03B 37/022 - Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding from molten glass in which the resultant product consists of different sorts of glass or is characterised by shape, e.g. hollow fibres
45.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A HOLLOW CORE OPTICAL FIBER
A method of manufacturing a hollow core optical fiber including (a) a consolidated tube presenting step including presenting a consolidated cladding tube including a consolidated cladding first end, a consolidated cladding second end, a consolidated cladding longitudinal axis, and a consolidated cladding inner surface, the consolidated cladding inner surface defining a consolidated cladding interior and including consolidated cladding recesses (i) positioned around the consolidated cladding longitudinal axis and (ii) extending from the consolidated first end to the consolidated second end; and (b) a capillary tube coupling step comprising coupling preform capillary tubes to the consolidated cladding inner surface within the consolidated cladding recesses thus creating an optical fiber preform, each of the preform capillary tubes disposed within a different one of the consolidated cladding recesses.
C03B 37/012 - Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
C03B 37/018 - Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by chemical vapour deposition
C03B 37/027 - Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. fibre optics
G02B 6/032 - Optical fibres with cladding with non-solid core or cladding
46.
REACTIVE SINTERING OF CERAMIC LITHIUM-ION SOLID ELECTROLYTES
Solid lithium-ion ceramic electrolyte membranes have an average thickness of less than 200 micrometers. A constituent electrolyte material has an average grain size of less than 10 micrometers. The solid lithium-ion ceramic electrolyte is free-standing. Alternatively, solid lithium-ion electrolyte membranes have a composition represented by Li1+x−yMxM′2−x−yM″y(PO4)3, where M is a 3+ ion, M′ is a 4+ ion, M″ is a 5+ ion, 0≤x≤2 and 0≤y≤2.
C03C 8/14 - Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill additions
C03C 8/20 - Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill additions containing titanium compoundsGlass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill additions containing zirconium compounds
C04B 35/447 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on phosphates
A transparent article is described herein that includes: a glass-ceramic substrate; and an optical film structure having an outer surface and a thickness of about 200 nm to 5000 nm, disposed on the first primary surface of the substrate. The optical film structure comprises a scratch-resistant layer, at least one low refractive index (RI) layer, at least one medium RI layer, and at least one high RI layer. The optical film structure further comprises an outer and inner structure, the scratch-resistant layer disposed between the outer and inner structures, the inner structure disposed on the first primary surface, the outer structure comprising a plurality of alternating high and medium RI layers, and the inner structure comprising a plurality of alternating high RI layers and low RI layers. In addition, the first primary surface of the glass-ceramic substrate comprises a surface roughness (Ra) of less than 1.5 nm.
C03C 3/097 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
B24B 1/00 - Processes of grinding or polishingUse of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
C03C 10/12 - Lithium aluminosilicate, e.g. spodumene, eucryptite
C03C 17/34 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
C03C 17/42 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
C03C 10/04 - Silicate or polysilicate crystalline phase, e.g. mullite, diopside, sphene, plagioclase
48.
LASER WELDING OF HOLLOW CORE OPTICAL FIBER ASSEMBLIES
Disclosed are various examples for systems and methods for laser welding a hollow core optical fiber assembly. For example, a system comprises a hollow core optical fiber assembly, which includes a glass cladding tube, an outer capillary tube, and an inner capillary tube. The inner capillary tube is situated inside of the outer capillary tube. The outer capillary tube is situated inside of the glass cladding tube. A laser system comprises a laser source and laser optics. The laser source directs a laser beam to the laser optics. The laser optics directs a diverging laser beam through an opening at an end of the glass cladding tube onto a discrete welding point on an interior surface of the inner capillary tube. The diverging laser beam approaches the discrete welding point at an angle less than 90° relative to a longitudinal axis of the hollow core optical fiber assembly.
An optical element that includes an incoupling grating coupled to a lightguide and a support substrate, the incoupling grating being configured to guide light into the lightguide and the support substrate, and the following relationship being satisfied:, wherein ns is the refractive index of the support substrate and FOV is the field of view (degrees) of the optical element.
An article that includes a substrate with a first surface and a second surface and that has a bulk region and a surface modified region, the bulk region being integral with the surface modified region, and the surface modified region being at the first surface of the substrate. The bulk region including a higher concentration of at least one alkali than the surface modified region, and where a metal coating is disposed on the first surface of the substrate.
C03C 3/091 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium
C03C 17/06 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
C03C 17/40 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal all coatings being metal coatings
C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
51.
ANTI-RESONANT HOLLOW CORE OPTICAL FIBER WITH CONTACTING CAPILLARIES
An anti-resonant hollow core optical fiber including: (a) a cladding tube including a cladding inner surface at a cladding inner radius from a fiber longitudinal axis, the cladding inner radius varying azimuthally around the fiber longitudinal axis, the cladding inner surface defining recesses, and each of the recesses merging with adjacent recesses so that the cladding inner surface forms peaks pointing inward toward the fiber longitudinal axis; (b) a plurality of primary capillaries, each of the plurality of primary capillaries (i) disposed within a different one of the recesses and contacting the cladding inner surface and (ii) contacting or merging with an adjacent primary capillary in both azimuthal directions around the fiber longitudinal axis; and (c) an effective core region tangential to the plurality of primary capillaries at a core radius from the fiber longitudinal axis, the plurality of primary capillaries disposed radially outward of the effective core region.
A glass manufacturing apparatus includes a conduit with an electrical flange attached to the conduit, the electrical flange having a first ring formed from a first metal and a second ring inside the first ring, attached to the conduit, and formed from a second metal different from the first metal. The second ring includes a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion joining the first portion to the second portion and configured such that a plane of the first portion is spaced apart from a plane of the second portion, and wherein an angle of a linear part of the third portion forms an angle with the plane of the first portion in a range from about 115 degrees to about 125 degrees. A method of joining subsystems of a glass manufacturing apparatus is also disclosed.
Glass-based substrates have a depletion layer extending from a first major surface to a first depth from 300 nanometers to 10.0 micrometers. The depletion layer is depleted in one or more alkali metal oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, alumina, or combinations thereof relative to a bulk. In aspects, the glass-based substrates can exhibit a porosity less than or equal to 1.0% for the first major surface and/or a cross-section perpendicular to the first major surface. In aspects, the glass-based substrates can exhibit one or more of a total reflectance from 0.1% to 2.0%, a total transmittance from 94% to 100%, a scattering from 0.1% to 5.0%, or a combination thereof. Methods of treating a glass-based substrate includes contacting the glass-based substrate with treatment solution maintained at 80°C to 180°C for from 1 hour to 168 hours to form the depletion layer.
Foldable substrates comprise a first portion, a second portion, and a central portion positioned therebetween. The first portion comprises a substrate thickness and a first depth of compression. The central portion comprises a folding region positioned between a first transition region and a second transition region. A local thickness of the folding region between a first folding surface area and a second folding surface area, excluding any teeth, increases as a distance from a midline of the folding region decreases. In aspects, the folding region comprises a plurality of teeth extending from the first folding surface area. In aspects, the local thickness of the folding region as a function of the position along the folding width of the folding region can be proportional to a cube root of a sine of a fractional position, the fractional position scaled to range from 0 to pi radians across the folding width.
22255. A method for preparing the cosmetic product comprises disposing the cosmetic composition into the vessel and at least partially closing the vessel with the closing component.
A hollow-core optical fiber that includes an outer cladding having a tubular shape with a hollow interior, a plurality of inner cladding members positioned with the hollow interior and a hollow core formed by the plurality of inner cladding members. The hollow-core optical fiber is configured to provide single-mode propagation of an optical signal within a wavelength range from 800 nm to 2000 nm.
A method of manufacturing a hollow core optical fiber from a hollow core optical fiber preform is disclosed, the method including measuring a first dimension of the hollow core optical fiber while drawing the hollow core optical fiber from the hollow core optical fiber preform, comparing the measured first dimension with a predetermined target range, and adjusting a first preform property of the hollow core optical fiber preform if the measured first dimension is outside of the predetermined target range while drawing the hollow core optical fiber from the hollow core optical fiber preform.
A hollow-core optical fiber that includes an outer cladding having a tubular shape with a hollow interior, a plurality of inner cladding members positioned with the hollow interior and a hollow core formed by the plurality of inner cladding members. The hollow-core optical fiber is configured to provide single-mode propagation of an optical signal within a wavelength range from 800 nm to 2000 nm.
A method of manufacturing a housing substrate is provided. The method comprises providing substrate sections comprising glass, and each substrate section of the substrate sections has a thickness of less than about 1.5 millimeters. The method also comprises forming pinholes in each substrate section of the substrate sections, stacking the substrate sections so that the pinholes align, providing an adhesive material in one or more volumes between adjacent substrate sections when the substrate sections are stacked, and consolidating the substrate sections and the adhesive material to form the housing substrate. The housing substrate has an overall thickness of about 4 millimeters or more.
Substrate apparatus comprise a layer of material. A second major surface of the layer of material is laminated to a first major surface of a glass substrate. The layer of material is formed with a plurality of surface discontinuities in at least one of a first side portion and/or a second side portion of the layer of material but not a central portion of the layer of material. Methods comprise forming at least one of the first side portion or the second side portion of the layer of material with the plurality of surface discontinuities. Methods further comprise laminating the second major surface of the layer of material to the first major surface of the glass substrate.
C03C 17/32 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
62.
TRANSPARENT AND TRANSLUCENT GLASS-CERAMICS AND GLASSES FOR FORMING THE SAME
2252322O (wt%) in the glass-ceramic may be greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.50. The glass-ceramic may have a transmittance of greater than 88% for wavelengths of light within a range from greater than or equal to 400 nm to less than or equal to 750 nm.
C03C 3/097 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
C03C 10/00 - Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
63.
OPTICAL FIBER WITH METAL AND POLYMER HYBRID COATING
An optical fiber may include a glass fiber having a core region and a cladding region surrounding the core region. The optical fiber may further include a hybrid coating surrounding the cladding region. The hybrid coating may include a polymer coating and a metal coating. The polymer coating may include a primary coating and a secondary coating surrounding the primary coating, and a Young's modulus of the secondary coating may be greater than the Young's modulus of the primary coating. The optical fiber with the hybrid coating may demonstrate robust mechanical and optical performance while achieving increased fiber density for high bandwidth applications.
A glass-ceramic may comprise a phase assemblage comprising lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) as the primary crystalline phase and a residual amorphous glass phase. The glass-ceramic may further comprise greater than or equal to 0 wt % to less than 8 wt % CaO. A ratio of Al2O3 (wt %) to Li2O (wt %) in the glass-ceramic may be greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.50. The glass-ceramic may have a transmittance of greater than 88% for wavelengths of light within a range from greater than or equal to 400 nm to less than or equal to 750 nm.
C03C 10/00 - Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
G06F 1/16 - Constructional details or arrangements
65.
BENDABLE GLASS STACK ASSEMBLIES, ARTICLES AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME
A glass element having a thickness from 25 μm to 125 μm, a first primary surface, a second primary surface, and a compressive stress region extending from the first primary surface to a first depth, the region defined by a compressive stress σI of at least about 100 MPa at the first primary surface. Further, the glass element has a stress profile such that it does not fail when it is subject to 200,000 cycles of bending to a target bend radius of from 1 mm to 20 mm, by the parallel plate method. Still further, the glass element has a puncture resistance of greater than about 1.5 kgf when the first primary surface of the glass element is loaded with a tungsten carbide ball having a diameter of 1.5 mm.
B32B 17/10 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
B32B 3/14 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. apertured or formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material
B32B 3/26 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layerLayered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids
B32B 7/12 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 37/12 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
B32B 37/16 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
C03C 3/083 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
C03C 3/091 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium
C03C 15/00 - Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
C03C 17/28 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
C03C 17/30 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with silicon-containing compounds
C03C 17/32 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
A glass-ceramic article having one or more crystalline phases; a residual glass phase; a compressive stress layer extending from a first surface to a depth of compression (DOC); a maximum central tension greater than 70 MPa; a stored tensile energy greater than 22 J/m2; a fracture toughness greater than 1.0 MPa√m; and a haze less than 0.2.
C03C 10/00 - Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
C03B 32/02 - Thermal crystallisation, e.g. for crystallising glass bodies into glass-ceramic articles
67.
POROUS GLASS CONTAINERS AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME
A glass container includes a glass body comprising an external surface, an internal surface opposite the external surface, a thickness T extending between the external surface and the internal surface, and an external surface layer extending from the external surface into the thickness of the glass body, wherein the external surface layer has a porosity greater than a porosity of a remainder of the glass body extending from the external surface layer to the internal surface.
A61J 1/00 - Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
A61J 1/14 - Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes DetailsAccessories therefor
C03C 3/072 - Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron
C03C 3/089 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron
C03C 3/091 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium
C03C 3/097 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
C03C 15/00 - Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
C03C 17/00 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
C03C 17/32 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
A fluid capturing apparatus includes a substrate and an adsorbing composition incorporated with the substrate where the adsorbing composition includes a solid organic sorbent and an elastomeric binder dispersed in a protic polar solvent prior to being incorporated with the substrate.
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
Described herein is a glass article comprising a support structure comprising a support surface, a glass substrate comprising a first major surface and a second major surface, and an adhesive bead disposed between the support surface and the second major surface. The adhesive bead comprises a plurality of outer surfaces extending between the support structure and the glass substrate, the plurality of outer surfaces extends at first angles relative to the second major surface at first edges thereof that are most proximate to the glass substrate, and each of the first angles is greater than or equal to 35° and less than or equal to 60°.
B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 1/00 - Layered products having a non-planar shape
B32B 7/14 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties applied in spaced arrangements, e.g. in stripes
B32B 15/18 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising iron or steel
B32B 15/20 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising aluminium or copper
70.
DISPLAY DEVICES AND ARTICLES WITH COLOR-MATCHED DISPLAY AND NON-DISPLAY AREAS
A display device that includes: a glass substrate comprising a refractive index (nsubstrate); a display device structure coupled to the substrate to collectively define a viewing area; and a black mask structure surrounding the display device structure that is coupled to the substrate and comprises a black ink layer and at least one glossy layer between the black ink layer and the glass substrate. The viewing area is characterized by (a) a reflectance from 0.5% to 2.5% as measured at 8 degrees from normal in the visible spectrum, (b) a brightness in the CIE colorimetry system such that 50.1.
G02F 1/1335 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
F21V 8/00 - Use of light guides, e.g. fibre optic devices, in lighting devices or systems
G02B 1/04 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
A method of forming a sintered tape material comprising grains of inorganic material comprises placing a leading section of the tape on a conveyor material such that a first major surface of tape in the leading section directly contacts a portion of the conveyor material. The method also comprises moving the leading section through a heating station by moving the portion of the conveyor material through the heating station in a downstream direction, wherein the leading section is in frictional engagement with the portion of the conveyor material. The method also comprises heating at least a portion of the tape within the heating station to a temperature above 500°C such that the inorganic material of the tape is sintered as it moves through the heating station, wherein the portion of the conveyor material that moves through the heating station is disposed both upstream and downstream of the heating station.
F27B 9/24 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatmentFurnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path being carried by a conveyor
C04B 22/00 - Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators
H01L 21/00 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid-state devices, or of parts thereof
72.
SINTERED MEMBRANE, SOLID-STATE ELECTROLYTE, BATTERY, AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME
A sintered membrane is a ceramic article having a primary crystal phase including lithium-aluminum-titanium-phosphate crystals and a secondary crystal phase including anatase or lithium-titanium-oxyphosphate crystals. In aspects, the sintered membrane can have a closed porosity of less than or equal to 5%. In aspects, the primary crystal phase can be from 95% to 100% of a volume of the ceramic article, and the secondary crystal phase can be from greater than 0% to 5% of the volume of the ceramic article. In aspects, the sintered membrane can exhibit a total leaching of less than or equal to 5 parts-per-million in a Leaching Test. Methods of making a sintered membrane includes forming a green tape having lithium-aluminum-titanium-phosphate crystals and an additive including a titanium-containing powder or an aluminum-containing powder, where the green tape is heated to a first temperature from 600°C to 1200°C to form the sintered membrane.
C04B 35/447 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on phosphates
C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
An optical element for augmented reality and other devices is described. The optical element includes a multilayer waveguide, an in-coupling element for directing imaging light into the multilayer waveguide, and an out-coupling element spaced apart from the in-coupling element for directing light out of the multilayer waveguide to form a virtual image in the viewing field of an observer. The out-coupling element is a diffractive optical element that includes two or more diffractive grating layers that differ in refractive index. Inclusion of multiple diffraction grating layers in the out-coupling element leads to an improvement in the brightness uniformity of virtual images produced by imaging light spanning a wide range of incidence angle.
Described herein are textured glass-based articles. The textured glass-based articles may include a glass-based substrate including a first major surface and a second major surface. At least a portion of one or both of the first major surface and the second major surface is textured, wherein the portion of the one or both of the first major surface and the second major surface that are textured may have a sparkle at 140 ppi of less than or equal to 5% and an uncoupled distinctness-of-image of at least 78%. Methods for making such articles are also described herein.
C03C 15/00 - Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
B24C 1/06 - Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effectsUse of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for producing matt surfaces, e.g. on plastic materials, on glass
C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
75.
TRANSPARENT ARTICLES WITH HIGH SHALLOW HARDNESS AND DISPLAY DEVICES WITH THE SAME
A transparent article is described herein that includes: a substrate comprising an opposing first and second primary surface; and an optical film structure disposed on the first primary surface. The optical film structure comprises a scratch-resistant layer, a plurality of alternating high refractive index (RI) and low RI layers, and an outer and inner structure, the scratch-resistant layer disposed between the outer and inner structures. The outer structure can comprise at least one medium RI layer in contact with one of the high RI layers and the scratch-resistant layer. The medium RI layer comprises an RI from 1.55 to 1.80, each of the high RI layers comprises an RI of >1.80, and each of the low RI layers comprises an RI<1.55. A sum of the physical thicknesses of all of the low RI layers in the outer structure can be <200 nm.
G02B 1/14 - Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
G02F 1/1347 - Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
G02F 1/19 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups
76.
MULTILAYER WAVEGUIDE WITH MULTILAYER OUT-COUPLING GRATING
An optical element for augmented reality and other devices is described. The optical element includes a multilayer waveguide, an in-coupling element for directing imaging light into the multilayer waveguide, and an out-coupling element spaced apart from the in-coupling element for directing light out of the multilayer waveguide to form a virtual image in the viewing field of an observer. The out-coupling element is a diffractive optical element that includes two or more diffractive grating layers that differ in refractive index. Inclusion of multiple diffraction grating layers in the out-coupling element leads to an improvement in the brightness uniformity of virtual images produced by imaging light spanning a wide range of incidence angle.
A display apparatus (101) includes a substrate (103), a plurality of light emitting diodes (105) coupled to the substrate, and a spacing member (121) coupled to the substrate and positioned in a gap between a first light emitting diode (131) and a second light emitting diode (133). The spacing member (121) includes a semiconductor material, an inorganic material, or an organic material which can handle high temperature. The display apparatus includes an optically clear adhesive (107) over the plurality of light emitting diodes and the spacing member. The optically clear adhesive is spaced apart from the substrate by the spacing member. The display apparatus includes a light scattering layer (109) coupled to the optically clear adhesive. The display apparatus includes a glass layer (111) coupled to the light scattering layer. Methods of manufacturing a display apparatus are provided.
H01L 25/075 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
An optical communication system can include a multiplexer/demultiplexer. The multiplexer/demultiplexer can transfer a first optical data signal between a first single-mode fiber and a first propagation mode of a few-mode fiber. The first propagation mode can have a first effective refractive index. The multiplexer/demultiplexer can transfer a second optical data signal between a second single-mode fiber and a combination of a second propagation mode of the few-mode fiber and a third propagation mode of the few-mode fiber. The second propagation mode and the third propagation mode can have a same effective refractive index that differs from the first effective refractive index. During propagation within the few-mode fiber, the second optical data signal can couple bidirectionally between the second propagation mode and the third propagation mode, while being substantially isolated from the first optical data signal in the first propagation mode.
A glass manufacturing apparatus includes a conduit in fluid communication with a delivery chamber and an inlet of a forming device. The conduit includes a closed sidewall surrounding a channel extending in a flow direction of the conduit. The glass manufacturing apparatus includes an enclosure surrounding the conduit and extending along a length of the conduit. The enclosure includes a refractory material in contact with the conduit such that an inner surface of the enclosure substantially matches a shape of an outer surface of the sidewall. Methods of manufacturing a glass ribbon are provided.
Systems and method of reducing corrosion within a glass manufacturing apparatus are provided herein. The glass manufacturing apparatus comprises a melting vessel having a flow block assembly which provides a conduit between an inside volume and downstream process. The flow block assembly comprises at least one refractory brick defining an exterior side for facing away from an inside volume of the refractory and an interior side for facing toward the inside volume of the refractory. At least a portion of the interior side comprises a cladding formed from a corrosion resistant cladding material. The flow block assembly further comprises a tube defining an interior end and an opposite exterior end disposed through the at least one refractory brick such that the interior end extends beyond the interior side of the at least one refractory brick, and the exterior end extends beyond the exterior side.
A bioprocess vessel is provided that allows for T-cell activation and expansion in the same vessel without the use of beads for activation. A T-cell activator coating is employed on at least one interior wall of the bioprocess vessel. T-cells, or cells containing T-cells, are dispensed into the bioprocess vessel having the T-cell activator coating and incubated such that the T-cell activator coating and the cells are in contact with each other. Once activation is complete, expansion begins in the same bioprocess vessel by addition of expansion growth factors. Media exchange may be performed during the expansion phase. Cells can expand up to 2000-fold in the same vessel that activation occurred, all without the use of activation beads.
A glass article including, on an oxide basis, from 60 mol % to 74 mol % SiO2, from 7 mol % to 18 mol % Al2O3, less than or equal to 16 mol % B2O3, from 0 mol % to 6 mol % Na2O, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol % SrO, and greater than or equal to 0.5 mol % of divalent cation oxides. The glass article has a molar ratio of Al2O3:(R2O+RO) greater than or equal to 0.9, where R2O is a sum of alkali metal oxides in mol % and RO is a sum of divalent cation oxides in mol %.
C03C 3/091 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium
C03C 3/083 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
C03C 3/085 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
C03C 3/089 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron
C03C 3/093 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
C03C 3/097 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
A spray coating apparatus that applies a coating material onto outer surfaces of glass objects includes a coating material source that includes a coating material. A spray nozzle assembly includes a spray nozzle fluidly connected to the coating material source. The spray nozzle is arranged and configured to direct the coating material in a first direction toward the glass object and provide an overspray amount of the coating material by the glass object such that the overspray amount bypasses a non-line of sight area of the glass object. A turn nozzle assembly includes a turn nozzle fluidly connected to a pressurized gas source. The turn nozzle is arranged and configured to direct pressurized gas in a second direction different than the first direction toward the non-line of sight area of the glass package to redirect the coating material onto the non-line of sight area.
The present disclosure is directed to methods and techniques for gob-pressing a glass part of challenging geometries, such as large surfaces with thin thickness as well as features positioned far from a centroid of the part.
Optical elements and waveguides for augmented reality devices are described. The optical element includes a waveguide, an in-coupling element, and an out-coupling element. The waveguide includes reflective coatings on opposing surfaces to expand the range of incidence angles (field of view) capable of being transmitted within the waveguide from the in-coupling element to the out-coupling element. The in-coupling and out-coupling elements may be interfaced with or formed on a surface of the waveguide or a reflective coating. Imaging light over a range of incidence angles is directed into the in-coupling element and coupled into the waveguide. The coupled light propagates within the waveguide by total internal reflection or specular reflection to the out-coupling element and is directed from the out-coupling element to form a virtual image in the viewing field of a user of the device.
One or more devices for directing the path of electromagnetic radiation are described. The one or more devices include a substrate comprising a glass material. The substrate also includes a pattern of a metallic material formed on at least a first surface of the substrate. The pattern includes features that cause electromagnetic radiation incident on the substrate to be phase shifted.
A method of making a strengthened glass-based article includes compressing a cladding bonded to a glass at least in part by compacting the glass from a first density to a second density at least 10 mg/cm3 greater than the first density, where the compacting occurs when heating the glass to a temperature greater than 100° C. and below a softening temperature of the glass, whereby the compacted glass pulls the cladding into compression, thereby strengthening the glass-based article.
B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
C03B 27/012 - Tempering glass products by heat treatment, e.g. for crystallisationHeat treatment of glass products before tempering by cooling
88.
ROLL TO ROLL SINTERING SYSTEM FOR WIDE INORGANIC TAPE MATERIAL AND SINTERED ARTICLES
A roll-to-roll sintering system for wide inorganic tape material may include a spool on which is wound a continuous tape material comprising a green tape material and a backing layer, a take-up reel, and a heating station including at least one furnace. The heating station is configured to receive an unwound length of the continuous tape. The heating station further includes a first curved section such that the continuous tape material is bent through a radius of curvature of 0.01 m to 13,000 m, and at least two rollers defining the first curved section over which the continuous tape material is bent. The heating station is controlled to provide at least a portion of the heating station with an air free atmosphere, that being at least one of vacuum, hydrogen, or helium.
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/1397 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
A method of making a porous structure configured for use in a particulate filter includes bonding a plurality of glass bubbles to one another, and breaching the plurality of glass bubbles. Voids within individual breached glass bubbles open into one another to form cavities that extend through the porous structure.
An optical fiber may include a core region and a cladding region surrounding the core region. The cladding region may include an inner cladding region surrounding the core region, a depressed-index cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region, and an outer cladding region surrounding the depressed-index cladding region. The inner cladding region may include a thickness greater than or equal to 1 μm. The depressed-index cladding region may include a first region and a second region, wherein a relative refractive index of the depressed-index cladding region may decrease monotonically with increasing radius in the first region, and wherein the relative refractive index of the depressed-index cladding region may be substantially constant in the second region. The optical fiber may achieve low microbend loss with large mode field diameter, while also maintaining low macrobend loss, low cable cutoff, and/or a zero dispersion wavelength between 1300 nm and 1324 nm.
A process for producing a glass body, the process including flowing oxygen gas from a burner in a furnace at a flow rate of greater than 12.0 standard liters per minute and flowing a precursor gas mixture from the burner. The process further including oxidizing the precursor gas mixture with the oxygen gas to form glass particles and depositing the glass particles on a collection cup to form the glass body.
An interface provides protection and support for transitioning a jacketed fiber optic cable. The interface has a crimp body, a transition portion and a front end to receive an adapter. The interface preferably has a main body with two pieces that are identical. The two pieces have tabs and recesses corresponding to the tabs for alignment and structure. The main body also may have an opening for an adapter latch. A crimp band fits over the crimp body to secure the jacketed fiber optic cable to the interface.
A method of forming a 3D shaped glass ceramic comprises nucleating a green glass article to form a nucleated glass article, the green glass article comprising a nucleating agent; sizing the nucleated glass article to form a preform; and molding the preform to shape and to crystallize the preform, thereby forming the 3D shaped glass ceramic.
Foldable apparatus can comprise a foldable substrate comprising a substrate thickness and a central portion positioned between a first portion and a second portion. The central portion can comprise a central thickness less than the substrate thickness. A first maximum tensile stress of a first tensile stress region in the first portion and a second maximum tensile stress of the second tensile stress region in the second portion can be less than a third maximum tensile stress of a central tensile stress region in the central portion. Ribbons can comprise a ribbon thickness and a central portion positioned between a first portion and a second portion. The central portion can comprise a first central compressive stress region and a second central compressive stress region. In some embodiments, methods of processing a ribbon can comprise masking the first portion, masking the second portion, and chemically strengthening the central portion.
B32B 3/26 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layerLayered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids
B32B 7/06 - Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
B32B 7/12 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
H04M 1/02 - Constructional features of telephone sets
H05K 5/00 - Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
Glass-based articles comprise stress profiles providing improved fracture resistance. The stress profiles contain a high peak tension and a region with a high degree of negative curvature. The glass-based articles herein provide high fracture resistance after multiple drops.
Disclosed herein are polymer compositions including, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, greater than or equal to 0.5 wt. % and less than or equal to 20 wt. % alkyl silicone and a thermoplastic polymer. The alkyl silicone has a molecular weight greater than or equal to 1,000 g/mol and less than or equal to 10,000 g/mol. The alkyl silicone has a dimethyl silicone content greater than or equal to 40 wt. % and less than or equal to 70 wt. %, based on a total weight of the alkyl silicone.
An optical interconnect assembly includes a pre-terminated trunk cable assembly with a cable bundle having a plurality of optical fiber trunk cables terminating in ribbonized groups of optical fiber and a plurality of terminated small form factor fiber optic connectors for inclusion in a pulling sock attached to the plurality of optical fiber trunk cables. Each of the connectors has a push-pull stick with a pair of side latches on opposing sides of the central portion, a ferrule push, a housing configured to engage the push-pull stick and the ferrule push, a miniature multi-fiber ferrule, and a dust cap. The components are provided inside the pulling sock with at least one additional one of the plurality of terminated small form factor fiber optic connector identical to the first small form factor fiber optic connector.
A wall-flow filter for inhibiting the emission of very fine nano-particles. The wall-flow filter includes a honeycomb body including an intersecting array of filter walls formed of a porous material and defining channels extending through the honeycomb body between an inlet face and an outlet face of the filter. The channels comprise a plurality of inlet channels that are open at the inlet face and plugged at the outlet face and a plurality of outlet channels that are open at the outlet face and plugged at the inlet face. A mixed metal oxide particle deposition is located on and/or in the filter walls of the wall-flow filter. The mixed metal oxide particle deposition comprises precious metals in an amount of less than 0.1 wt %.
F01N 3/022 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
F01N 3/035 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
99.
LIGHT WEIGHT SUBSTRATE WITH GLASS BUBBLE SKELETON HAVING MIXED POROSITY FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND METHOD OF MAKING
A porous structure includes a plurality of glass bubbles that are sintered to one another such that adjoining glass bubbles are physically bonded directly to one another. The glass bubbles have surfaces that define interstices throughout the porous structure. The interstices include closed interstices that do not open to surfaces of the porous structure. At least 50% of the glass bubbles are closed glass bubbles with each closed glass bubble defining a sealed void therein. The porous structure has at least 10% closed porosity and at least 40% open porosity. The closed porosity includes the sealed voids and the closed interstices. A method for making the porous structure includes heating the glass bubbles. Prior to the heating, substantially all of the glass bubbles are closed glass bubbles. At least 50% of the glass bubbles remain closed after the heating such that the sintered, closed glass bubbles form the porous structure.
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
C03B 19/06 - Other methods of shaping glass by sintering
Embodiments of durable, anti-reflective articles are described. In one or more embodiments, the article includes a substrate and an anti-reflective coating disposed on the major surface. The article exhibits an average light transmittance of about 94% or greater over an optical wavelength regime and/or an average light reflectance of about 2% or less over the optical wavelength regime, as measured from an anti-reflective surface. In some embodiments, the article exhibits a maximum hardness of about 8 GPa or greater as measured by a Berkovich Indenter Hardness Test along an indentation depth of about 50 nm or greater and a b* value, in reflectance, in the range from about −5 to about 1 as measured on the anti-reflective surface only at all incidence illumination angles in the range from about 0 degrees to about 60 degrees under an International Commission on Illumination illuminant.
C09D 5/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes
C03C 17/34 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
