Abrégé

Disclosed are transesterification and transamidation reactions and depolymerization reactions of polyesters and polyamides using catalysts comprising a structural unit of formula (I). Therein, o is a positive integer of at least 1, R311818 alkyl, Z is a group -BG-Cat+M, BG is a covalent bond or a divalent bridge group, Cat+is a selected cationic residue, preferably an imidazolinium group, covalently attached to BG, M is an i-times charged anion Ani- for charge-compensation, and i is an integer from 1 to 4. The invention provides a method for (trans)esterification or (trans)amidation reactions to produce biodiesel, to depolymerize polyesters / polyamides using reusable polymer catalysts, wherein the polymer catalysts not only provide a homogeneous and high catalytic activity for degradation or transformation reactions but allow also a heterogeneous separation of the catalysts and/or impurities, such as additives, colorants (pigments or dyes), from the reaction products.

Classes IPC  ?

• C08J 11/28 - Récupération ou traitement des résidus des polymères par coupure des chaînes moléculaires des polymères ou rupture des liaisons de réticulation par voie chimique, p. ex. dévulcanisation par traitement avec une substance organique par traitement avec des composés organiques contenant de l'azote, du soufre ou du phosphore
• C08G 63/91 - Polymères modifiés par post-traitement chimique
• C08G 69/48 - Polymères modifiés par post-traitement chimique
• C08L 67/00 - Compositions contenant des polyesters obtenus par des réactions créant une liaison ester carboxylique dans la chaîne principaleCompositions contenant des dérivés de tels polymères
• C08L 77/00 - Compositions contenant des polyamides obtenus par des réactions créant une liaison amide carboxylique dans la chaîne principaleCompositions contenant des dérivés de tels polymères
• C08F 120/34 - Esters contenant de l'azote
• C08F 220/34 - Esters contenant de l'azote
• B01J 31/06 - Catalyseurs contenant des hydrures, des complexes de coordination ou des composés organiques contenant des composés organiques ou des hydrures métalliques contenant des polymères

Abrégé

The present invention relates to a method for the purification of polymers which can be automated, parallelized and used in high-throughput, high-output or combinatorial experimental workflows to prepare libraries of purified polymeric materials. In each embodiment of the invention disclosed herein, a porous substrate of large surface area is contacted with an organic or aqueous solution that contains a polymer to be purified. Hence, the polymeric material is physisorbed as a thin film on the substrate and volatile impurities and solvents, such as residual monomers and process solvents, are removed from the substrate with the aid of a gas stream or vacuum at different temperatures; thereby, the content of volatile impurities and solvents in the polymeric material is significantly reduced. The method of this invention can be particularly applied to the synthesis, purification, characterization, screening, and testing of libraries of (co)polymers by means of commercially available automated parallel platforms commonly utilized in high-throughput, high-output or combinatorial experimental approaches.

Classes IPC  ?

• C08F 6/00 - Traitements postérieurs à la polymérisation

Abrégé

The present invention relates to fertilizer particles encapsulated in modified chitosan and a method of obtaining them. The particles described in this invention allow a controlled, moderate, or gradual release of an active material from a reserve substrate to another medium, in order to increase the effectiveness of the active material by prolonging its action over time. This invention is characterized in that the active components of said formulations are capable of causing a synergistic effect, considerably increasing the growth and development of plants.

Classes IPC  ?

• C05G 5/35 - Capsules, p. ex. à noyau et enveloppe
• A01C 21/00 - Méthodes de fertilisation
• C05G 1/00 - Mélanges d'engrais faisant partie individuellement de différentes sous-classes de
• C05G 3/40 - Mélanges d'un ou plusieurs engrais avec des additifs n'ayant pas une activité spécifique d'engrais pour influer sur le dosage de l’engrais ou sur sa vitesse de libérationMélanges d'un ou plusieurs engrais avec des additifs n'ayant pas une activité spécifique d'engrais pour influer sur la solubilité

Abrégé

The invention relates to a method for producing particles with pore structures, by means of a hybrid process of atomization via drying-cooling, from a water-in-oil-type emulsion of a composition of a non-solubilized and in melt state matrix. The production method comprises: i) forming a water-in-oil-type emulsion consisting of a composition of a solvent that is aqueous or soluble in water (dispersed phase) and a composition of a non-solubilized and in melt state matrix (continuous phase); ii) forming discrete particles from the emulsion via atomization, using a flow of gas at high pressure and temperature; iii) immediately removing the solvent via evaporation; and iv) subsequently cooling the formed discrete particles, resulting in porous particles that are substantially free from solvents.

Classes IPC  ?

• C08J 9/28 - Mise en œuvre de substances macromoléculaires pour produire des matériaux ou objets poreux ou alvéolairesLeur post-traitement par élimination d'une phase liquide d'un objet ou d'une composition macromoléculaire, p. ex. par séchage du coagulum
• C11B 15/00 - Solidification des huiles, graisses, ou cires par des procédés physiques

Abrégé

The invention relates to the use of nanoparticles of acrylic copolymers as antineoplastic agents due to their cytotoxic effect on different types of cancerous cells. The nanoparticles have diameters of between 6 and 100 nm and and on their surfaces they carry carboxyl groups from the acrylic acid units intercalated in the polymer chain. This size permits the nanostructures to enter the malignant cells and penetrate the nucleus where the carboxyl groups interfere in the DNA replication, with which they cause the death of the cell. The nanoparticles of acrylic copolymers are prepared by the semi-continuous heterophase polymerisation method, developed by our group and for which there are patents pending [patent applications MX/a/2014/015574 and MX/a/2016/017041].

Classes IPC  ?

• A61K 31/74 - Matières polymères synthétiques
• B82Y 5/00 - Nanobiotechnologie ou nanomédecine, p. ex. génie protéique ou administration de médicaments
• A61P 35/00 - Agents anticancéreux

Abrégé

The invention relates to a method for producing particles with pore structures, by means of a hybrid process of atomisation via drying-cooling, from a water-in-oil-type emulsion of a composition of a matrix that is non-solubilised and in a molten state. The production method comprises: i) forming a water-in-oil-type emulsion consisting of a composition of a solvent that is aqueous or soluble in water (dispersed phase) and a composition of a non-solubilised matrix in a molten state (continuous phase); ii) forming discrete particles from the emulsion via atomisation, using a flow of gas at high pressure and temperature; iii) immediately removing the solvent via evaporation; and iv) subsequently cooling the formed discrete particles, resulting in porous particles that are substantially free from solvents.

Classes IPC  ?

• A61K 9/00 - Préparations médicinales caractérisées par un aspect particulier

Abrégé

A slow-release fertilising compound based on a cellulose-containing matrix, and the method for producing same, is described. The compound, which is of a microgranular nature, consists of a composition of macronutrients, such as phosphate-based fertilisers, incorporated into a porous cellulose matrix in order to confer shape stability on the granule and the slow nutrient release characteristic. Said invention is characterised in that the macronutrient composition is introduced into the porous cellulose matrix by way of an in situ matrix formation process, which results in saturation of the pores in the matrix with fertilising solids and the formation of a solid compound with a microgranular shape. Moreover, the porous cellulose matrix may naturally contain macro- and micronutrients in the structure, such as a matrix of ground cafe particles for example. When the microgranular compound obtained comes into contact with an aqueous medium, the macronutrients contained therein are slowly released from inside the pores of the cellulose matrix.

Classes IPC  ?

• C05F 5/00 - Engrais fabriqués à partir de déchets de distillerie ou de sucreries, de mélasses, vinasses ou de déchets ou résidus similaires

Abrégé

A novel method for producing haematin compounds with graphitic carbon nitrides with a high oxygen and phosphorus content (gCNOP) and the use thereof as catalysts for the biomimetic synthesis of polyanilines at very low pH is described. Preparation of PANI compounds using said gCNOP-haematin, and the use thereof to manufacture electrical charge storage devices, is also demonstrated. A method for stabilising suspensions of haematin in an acidic aqueous medium using co-solvents, and the use thereof in biomimetic PANI synthesis, is also described.

Classes IPC  ?

• C08G 73/06 - Polycondensats possédant des hétérocycles contenant de l'azote dans la chaîne principale de la macromoléculePolyhydrazidesPolyamide-acides ou précurseurs similaires de polyimides
• C08F 2/04 - Polymérisation en solution
• C08F 4/26 - Composés métalliques autres que les hydrures et autres que les composés organiques de métalComplexes d'halogénures de bore ou d'halogénures d'aluminium avec des composés organiques contenant de l'oxygène de manganèse, des métaux du groupe du fer ou des métaux du groupe du platine
• B01J 31/38 - Catalyseurs contenant des hydrures, des complexes de coordination ou des composés organiques contenant en outre des composés métalliques inorganiques non prévus dans les groupes du titane, du zirconium ou du hafnium

Abrégé

This invention discloses methods for preparing graphene nanoplatelet solid materials using high-shear mixing treatments of graphite suspensions in various solvents. The invention additionally describes methods for manufacturing graphene nanoplatelets doped with nanoparticles of transition metals or oxides of same using said materials as raw materials; it also describes a general methodology for producing the graphene nanocomposites with nanoparticles of transition metals or the oxides thereof in which these are prepared directly from graphite.

Classes IPC  ?

• C01B 32/19 - Préparation par exfoliation
• B82B 1/00 - Nanostructures formées par manipulation d’atomes ou de molécules, ou d’ensembles limités d’atomes ou de molécules un à un comme des unités individuelles

Abrégé

The invention relates to a process for preparing concentrates of graphene nanoplatelets via the milling of graphite and exfoliants. The novel aspect of this process is characterised by the use of fatty acids and fatty acid esters as exfoliants of the graphene nanoplatelets in the milling system. Both the fatty acids and the fatty acid esters facilitate the delamination process, while simultaneously acting as stabilisers for the graphene nanoplatelets, permitting same to be easily dispersed in both solvents and polymers. The obtained concentrates permit the excellent properties of the graphene to be used, given that same does not undergo a chemical modification during the process.

Classes IPC  ?

• C01B 32/19 - Préparation par exfoliation
• B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnologie pour matériaux ou science des surfaces, p. ex. nanocomposites
• B82Y 40/00 - Fabrication ou traitement des nanostructures

Abrégé

The invention relates to a method for carrying highly active zirconocene aluminohydrides (Cp2ZrH3AlH2) on polymer carriers produced from processes of miniemulsion polymerisation, based on cross-linked and functionalised polystyrene particles. The carriers based on polystyrene were produced by miniemulsion using divinylbenzene (DVB) and acrylic acid as comonomers and surfactants that are polymerisable and commercial (Noigen RN-50), which confer ethylene oxide functionalities to the surface of the polystyrene particles. The cross-linked polystyrene particles exhibited average particle diameters of between 90 and 238 nm, where the zirconocene aluminohydride complex was carried, following similar methods reported for inorganic carriers (silica). The zirconocene aluminohydride carried was also used in copolymerisations of ethylene and alfa-olefins, as 1-hexene. The morphology of the ethylene copolymers and polyethylenes produced was clearly improved compared with the morphology obtained in the polymerisations of ethylene using the same catalytic system carried on modified porous silica.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07F 17/00 - Metallocènes
• C08F 4/642 - Composant couvert par le groupe avec un composé d'organo-aluminium
• C08F 4/02 - Supports pour catalyseurs
• C08F 10/00 - Homopolymères ou copolymères d'hydrocarbures aliphatiques non saturés contenant une seule liaison double carbone-carbone
• C08F 12/08 - Styrène
• C08F 236/00 - Copolymères de composés contenant plusieurs radicaux aliphatiques non saturés et l'un au moins contenant plusieurs liaisons doubles carbone-carbone

Abrégé

The invention relates to a process involving a reaction between derivatives of 2-phenyl-2-imidazolines or compounds thereof substituted at position 1 with 2-aminoethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl groups with phosphates of mono or dihydrogen of mono or bis (3-((-hydroxy-alkylyl)oxy)propane-1,2-di-yl dialkylate) (obtained from reacting epoxidised vegetable oils and phosphoric acid) in the presence of aromatic solvents or mixtures of aromatic compounds having boiling points between 100 and 200°C. The derived phosphoramides and phosphates are strong corrosion inhibitors.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07D 233/12 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant des cycles diazole-1, 3 ou diazole-1, 3 hydrogéné, non condensés avec d'autres cycles comportant une liaison double entre chaînons cycliques ou entre chaînon cyclique et chaînon non cyclique avec uniquement des atomes d'hydrogène ou des radicaux ne contenant que des atomes d'hydrogène et de carbone, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle avec des radicaux alkyle, contenant plus de quatre atomes de carbone, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle avec des radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués, liés aux atomes d'azote du cycle
• C07D 233/08 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant des cycles diazole-1, 3 ou diazole-1, 3 hydrogéné, non condensés avec d'autres cycles comportant une liaison double entre chaînons cycliques ou entre chaînon cyclique et chaînon non cyclique avec uniquement des atomes d'hydrogène ou des radicaux ne contenant que des atomes d'hydrogène et de carbone, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle avec des radicaux alkyle, contenant plus de quatre atomes de carbone, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle
• C23F 11/167 - Composés contenant du phosphore

Abrégé

The invention relates to a process involving a reaction between derivatives of 2-phenyl-2-imidazolines or compounds thereof substituted at position 1 with 2-aminoethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl groups with mono or biphosphates of dodecyl in the presence of aromatic solvents or mixtures of aromatic compounds having boiling points between 100 and 200°C, the derived phosphoramides and phosphates being strong corrosion inhibitors.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07D 233/12 - Composés hétérocycliques contenant des cycles diazole-1, 3 ou diazole-1, 3 hydrogéné, non condensés avec d'autres cycles comportant une liaison double entre chaînons cycliques ou entre chaînon cyclique et chaînon non cyclique avec uniquement des atomes d'hydrogène ou des radicaux ne contenant que des atomes d'hydrogène et de carbone, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle avec des radicaux alkyle, contenant plus de quatre atomes de carbone, liés directement aux atomes de carbone du cycle avec des radicaux hydrocarbonés substitués, liés aux atomes d'azote du cycle
• C23F 11/167 - Composés contenant du phosphore

Abrégé

A method for obtaining sweet gas, synthetic gas, and sulphur from natural gas. The method includes the steps of removing impurities from the natural gas for obtaining pre-treated natural gas; sweetening the pre-treated natural gas through a separation using a plurality of membranes for obtaining sweet gas and acid gases; ionizing the acid gases to dissociate them into sulphur and synthetic gas with remnants of acid gases; and neutralizing the synthetic gas with remnants of acid gases for generating sweet gas. Likewise, a system is presented on how to implement the method.

Classes IPC  ?

• B01J 19/08 - Procédés utilisant l'application directe de l'énergie ondulatoire ou électrique, ou un rayonnement particulaireAppareils à cet usage
• C01B 17/04 - Préparation du soufrePurification à partir de composés sulfurés gazeux, y compris les sulfures gazeux
• C01B 3/06 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés inorganiques comportant un hydrogène lié électropositivement, p. ex. de l'eau, des acides, des bases, de l'ammoniac, avec des agents réducteurs inorganiques
• C07C 7/144 - Purification, séparation ou stabilisation d'hydrocarburesEmploi d'additifs par emploi de membranes, p. ex. par perméation sélective
• B01D 63/00 - Appareils en général pour les procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables
• B01D 53/22 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par diffusion
• B01D 71/54 - PolyuréesPolyuréthanes
• C10L 3/10 - Post-traitement de gaz naturel ou de gaz naturel de synthèse
• C01B 3/04 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par décomposition de composés inorganiques, p. ex. de l'ammoniac

Abrégé

A method for obtaining sweet gas, synthesis gas and sulphur from natural gas, the method including the steps of removing impurities from the natural gas so as to obtain pretreated natural gas; sweetening the pretreated natural gas by means of separation using a plurality of membranes so as to obtain sweet gas and acid gases; ionizing the acid gases to separate them into sulphur and synthesis gas with remnants of acid gases; and neutralizing the synthesis gas with remnants of acid gases so as to generate synthesis gas. A system for implementing the method is also proposed.

Classes IPC  ?

• C10L 3/10 - Post-traitement de gaz naturel ou de gaz naturel de synthèse
• C01B 3/04 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par décomposition de composés inorganiques, p. ex. de l'ammoniac
• C01B 17/04 - Préparation du soufrePurification à partir de composés sulfurés gazeux, y compris les sulfures gazeux
• B01D 53/22 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par diffusion
• B01J 12/00 - Procédés chimiques généraux faisant réagir des milieux gazeux avec des milieux gazeuxAppareillage spécialement adapté à cet effet

Abrégé

The invention relates to a continuous mixing/extrusion method, assisted by ultrasound waves with a variable amplitude and frequency, for the preparation of nanocompounds based on polymers, preferably thermoplastics and nanoparticles, at a concentration of up to 60 wt.-% of the total weight of the polymer/nanoparticle mixture. According to the invention, the polymer/nanoparticle mixture is subjected in the molten state to a discrete and continuous sweep with a variable amplitude and frequency, of between 15 kHz and 5O kHz.

Classes IPC  ?

• B29B 7/30 - MélangeMalaxage continu, avec dispositifs mécaniques de mélange ou de malaxage
• B29B 7/90 - Charges ou agents de renforcements
• C08K 3/00 - Emploi de substances inorganiques en tant qu'adjuvants
• C08K 9/00 - Emploi d'ingrédients prétraités

Abrégé

The invention relates to a catalyst for the heterogeneous phase polymerisation of conjugated dienes and olefins, comprising a pre-catalyst consisting of a mixture of metallocene hydride-aluminohydride compounds: (CpRx)Ty(CpR'z)MHAIH4 (I), [(CpRx)Ty(CpR'z)MHAIH4]2 (II), and [(CpRx)Ty(CpR'zMH]2AIH5 (III), in which M is a transition metal from group IV in the +4 oxidation state thereof; Cp is a cyclopentadienyl ring which may or may not be substituted with R or R' or a cyclopentadienyl ring in which two adjacent substituents are joined and form cycles in order to form saturated or unsaturated polycyclic cyclopentadienyl ligands; R or R' are substituents on the cyclopentadienyl rings and may be identical or different; 'x' and 'z' are integers between 0 and 5; T is a branched or linear acyclic or cyclic covalent bridging group which joins the (Cp) rings; and 'y' is 0 or 1. The pre-catalyst is supported on a modified silica and is activated with a co-catalyst. The invention also relates to the method for obtaining the catalyst and to the use thereof in polymerisation reactions.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07F 17/00 - Metallocènes
• C07F 7/00 - Composés contenant des éléments des groupes 4 ou 14 du tableau périodique
• C08F 4/02 - Supports pour catalyseurs
• C08F 4/64 - Titane, zirconium, hafnium ou leurs composés
• C08F 4/642 - Composant couvert par le groupe avec un composé d'organo-aluminium
• C08F 10/02 - Éthylène
• C08F 10/04 - Monomères contenant trois ou quatre atomes de carbone