The invention relates to a device for generating electrical energy in a rotating system (1) for supplying electronic components (2, 3) in the system with current, with external forces which act on the system and which act on piezoelectrically active energy converters in the system, as a result of which electrical energy is generated, and with an electronic system (4) for processing the generated electrical energy and passing it onto the components (2, 3). In order for the rotational characteristics of the system to be influenced as little as possible, while permitting said system to provide a large amount of energy, to function reliably and have a long service life even under extreme acceleration conditions, the invention proposes that the piezoelectrically active energy converters are piezoceramic fibres (5), each of which has an electrode (6), and the electrode (6) of the fibres which generate a charge of the same polarity are connected via an electrically conductive external electrode (7).
The invention relates to a body made of ceramic materials, having a basic metallization made of at least one electrically conductive material, such as tungsten/glass or molybdenum/glass compounds and an adhesive, electrically conductive and corrosion-resistant coating. In order to improve energy losses, which is to say to increase the Q-factor, it is proposed that the coating comprises / carries at least one functional layer made of a metal and/or several metals, having lower specific electrical resistance than the electrically conductive material and the remaining constituents of the coating.
The invention relates to a sensor (1) or switch element having at least one oscillator (2) which is caused to oscillate by an oscillator circuit by means of an AC voltage (3), wherein the oscillating behaviour of the oscillator (2) changes when pressure is applied and this change can be detected as damping of the oscillation and can be processed further as an output signal. So that the sensor or the switch element is, on the one hand, protected from environmental influences, for example rain or snow, and, on the other hand, is insensitive to frequency shifts, the invention proposes that the sensor (1) or the switch element is arranged on the rear side (5) of a mechanically rigid medium (4) and the pressure is applied to the opposite front side (6) through the mechanically rigid medium (4), and the oscillator circuit causes the oscillator (2) to oscillate using a continuous frequency change between a starting frequency and an end frequency.
Several strict requirements are placed on a cartridge for a sanitary fitting, which should remain water-tight over a long period, be easy to operate and for the same valve position provide water as constantly as possible at the same temperature, be simple and economical to produce and the number of parts subject to wear be kept to a minimum. The most highly used component of a cartridge is the adjuster lever by means of which the control plate is moved and subjected to bending and torsion. According to the invention, the adjuster lever (3) which for operation cooperates with the control plate (12) for opening and closing the inlet openings (9, 10) and the outlet opening (11) for mixing the hot and clod water and which is moved by the with the operating lever of the fitting mounted in a bush (21) enclosed in a housing (2) has a cylindrical pivot bearing (20), by means of which the adjuster elver is mounted in the bush (21) to rotate about a non-mechanical pivot axis (47).
F16K 11/078 - Soupapes ou clapets à voies multiples, p. ex. clapets mélangeursRaccords de tuyauteries comportant de tels clapets ou soupapesAménagement d'obturateurs et de voies d'écoulement spécialement conçu pour mélanger les fluides dont toutes les faces d'obturation se déplacent comme un tout comportant uniquement des tiroirs à éléments de fermeture articulés à pivot et se déplaçant linéairement
When a flowing liquid meets obstacles or abrupt flow-directional changes and is thus subjected to turbulence or two flows impinge or pressure changes occur and gases dissolved in water are thus released, flow noises occur. According to the invention, the occurrence thereof can be avoided or at least damped by inclusion of a body (14) in the vicinity of the mixing chamber (23), wherein the body encloses the mixing chamber with a hollow spherical shape (22), in the form of a hemisphere or at least a cap, wherein parallel ribs (24) are arranged within said hollow spherical enclosure.
F16K 47/02 - Moyens incorporés aux soupapes pour absorber l'énergie d'un fluide pour empêcher les coups de bélier ou le bruit
F16K 11/078 - Soupapes ou clapets à voies multiples, p. ex. clapets mélangeursRaccords de tuyauteries comportant de tels clapets ou soupapesAménagement d'obturateurs et de voies d'écoulement spécialement conçu pour mélanger les fluides dont toutes les faces d'obturation se déplacent comme un tout comportant uniquement des tiroirs à éléments de fermeture articulés à pivot et se déplaçant linéairement
The most strained component of a cartridge is the bush, in which the control lever is mounted, using which the control cam is moved. Upon actuation of the control lever to open and close the intakes and drains, the bush and thus also the extension of the housing and the front wall thereof are strained by bending. Upon mixing of the cold and hot water streams, friction forces arise in directions, which are perpendicular to one another, between the bush and the front wall of the housing and in the extension of the housing by rotation of the bush. All of these strains can result in hysteresis in the mixing positions and in the position of the control cam during the opening and closing movements because of tolerances and play between the individual components. It is therefore proposed according to the invention that the bush (21) having the control lever (3) mounted therein is mounted using a conical face (29) on an also conical part (30) of the front wall (31) of the cylindrical housing (2).
F16K 11/078 - Soupapes ou clapets à voies multiples, p. ex. clapets mélangeursRaccords de tuyauteries comportant de tels clapets ou soupapesAménagement d'obturateurs et de voies d'écoulement spécialement conçu pour mélanger les fluides dont toutes les faces d'obturation se déplacent comme un tout comportant uniquement des tiroirs à éléments de fermeture articulés à pivot et se déplaçant linéairement
7.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING PREFORMS FOR METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES
The preform technology is preferred for the production of composite materials. The preform must have a high strength and the necessary porosity for the infiltration with the liquid metal. The invention comprises the properties of the preform being improved by an appropriate selection of the size and type of the fibers and/or the particles of the secondary phase and/or the implementation of a special pore structure. In particular, the strength of the preform is increased and/or the temperature for solidifying the preform can be reduced by the use of an additional secondary phase in the nanoscale range.
The invention relates to an anode and electrolyte and cathode in direct material contact in fuel cell applications, so that the anode and electrolyte, and the cathode and electrolyte, particularly at temperatures ᡶ 400 °C, can react in a solid chemical manner. Said reaction results in that the material of the anodes can diffuse into the electrolyte and vice versa, and the material of the cathodes can diffuse into the electrolyte or vice versa. The effect thereof is the modification of the electrical energy yield of the fuel cells. In order to prevent said effect, it is proposed according to the invention that a blocking layer (5) is disposed between the electrolyte (1) and anode (2) and/or electrolyte (1) and cathode (3), and is made of areas having open and/or closed pores (6), and that the functional penetration paths for the diffusion are formed by the frame structure thus created.
The invention relates to a method for the laser ablation of brittle components (8) in preparation for the subsequent separation of the same, by the introduction of sack-like indentations (1) by a laser beam, wherein the indentations (1) are arranged in a line one after the other, and form a laser ablation line (2) which serves as the fracture initiation line, wherein the term laser ablation line means a line formed by connecting the middle points of all the indentations (1). At least two laser ablation lines (2) are introduced onto the component (8) surface and cross each other at a cross point (3). In order to ensure that the fracture always runs along the laser ablation line during the separation process, that fractures deviating from the laser ablation line are avoided, and that the corners of the separated pieces following fracturing are evenly shaped, it is suggested according to the invention that at least one cross point indentation (4) is introduced at the cross point (3) in a targeted, controlled, and intentional manner, which specifically weakens the component (8) at the cross point (3).
According to the state of the art, piezoceramic multi-layer elements are sintered in air at temperatures of approximately 1100 °C or higher. Therefore, only a noble metal having a high melting temperature can be used as the inner electrode. Non-noble metals would oxidize. Therefore, a silver-palladium alloy having up to 40 % palladium is normally used. However, such a measure is associated with high material costs. Lower melting temperatures of the inner electrode material, however, also require a ceramic material having correspondingly low sintering temperatures. The invention therefore proposes that an electrically non-conductive sintering additive added be added to the base material, and that the inner electrode comprise silver, preferably pure silver, as the main material component thereof, and an electrically non-conductive material component and/or a metal alloy or metal oxide mixture.
C04B 35/491 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base d'oxydes à base d'oxydes de zirconium ou d'hafnium ou de zirconates ou d'hafnates contenant également de l'oxyde de titane ou des titanates à base de zirconates de plomb et de titanates de plomb
The invention relates to a cutting tool substantially comprising a support tool (3) with a recess (4) in which a support body (5, 13, 23) and an exchangeable cutting body are arranged and are held by a clamping element (2, 31, 41) and the cutting body rests with its underside on the support body (5, 13, 23). To reduce production costs, it is therefore proposed according to the invention that the support body (5, 13, 23) has a pocket (7, 17, 27) with a bottom and side faces, the cutting body is a hard-material insert (1, 12), which rests with its underside on the bottom of the pocket (7, 17, 27), the upper side of the hard-material insert (1, 12) is substantially flush with the upper side of the support body (5, 13, 23) and side faces of the hard-material insert (1, 12) lie against side faces of the pocket (7, 17, 27) and, as a result, the hard-material insert (1, 12) is embedded in the pocket (7, 17, 27) of the support body (5, 13, 23).
B23B 27/16 - Outils de coupe sur lesquels les taillants ou éléments tranchants sont en matériaux particulier à éléments tranchants interchangeables, p. ex. pouvant être fixés par des brides
B23B 29/04 - Porte-outils pour un seul outil de coupe
12.
NEGATIVE INSERT HAVING DOUBLE-POSITIVE CLEARANCE SURFACE
The invention relates to an indexable insert (1) for installation in carrier tools for machining workpieces having a top (2) and a bottom (3) and having a circumferential geometry (4) connecting the top (2) and bottom (3), wherein cutting corners (5) and cutting edges (6) are disposed at the transition from the top (2) and bottom (3) to the circumferential geometry (4), and the circumferential geometry (4) on both sides comprises peripheral positive clearance surfaces (7a, 7b) beneath the cutting corners (5) and cutting edges (6), said surfaces being retracted in relation to the cutting corners (5) and cutting edges (6), thereby creating a positive clearance angle (α) on both sides. In order to enable the use of the indexable inserts (1) in conventional tool holders, without forfeiting the characteristics and advantages of a positive clearance surface, according to the invention a collar (8) that is raised compared to the lowest points of the clearance surfaces (7a, 7b) is disposed between two clearance surfaces (7a, 7b) opposing each other on the circumferential geometry (4) with respect to the top (2) and bottom (3), the surface (9) of said collar serving as a contact support in carrier tools.
B23B 27/16 - Outils de coupe sur lesquels les taillants ou éléments tranchants sont en matériaux particulier à éléments tranchants interchangeables, p. ex. pouvant être fixés par des brides
B23C 5/22 - Dispositifs pour la fixation des taillants ou des dents
13.
CUTTING INSERT COMPRISING A RIBBED SWARF GUIDING LEVEL
The invention relates to a cutting insert, in particular an indexable cutting insert (1) for machining predominantly metal materials, comprising a first surface (5) that acts as a contact surface for a chuck tool and a depression in the first surface (5) in the cutting corner region and along the cutting edges (2, 4), said depression acting as a swarf surface. According to the invention, a second surface (27) that likewise acts as a contact surface is situated between the cutting edges (2, 4) and the first swarf surface borders (10) of the swarf surface that face the cutting edges (2, 4) and between the cutting corner (6) and the second swarf surface border (30) of the swarf surface, said border facing the cutting corner (6). To reinforce and stabilise the cutting edge (2, 4), the first swarf surface border (10) and/or the second swarf surface border (30) has or have one or more interruptions in the form of ribs (12, 16, 20) that extend in a substantially perpendicular direction to the cutting edge (2, 4) and/or the cutting corner (6) into the swarf surface, said ribs (12, 16, 20) lying on the same plane as the second surface (27).
The invention relates to a cutting insert (1) that is chucked in carrier tools, comprising an upper and lower face, a cutting corner (2) with a corner radius (4) being located on each upper and lower face, between a primary cutting edge (6) and a secondary cutting edge (7). To reinforce the cutting corner, which is at risk from damage during insertion, whilst maintaining the corner radius in relation to a cutting insert according to prior art, a stabilising facet (3) is provided in the cutting corner (2), adjacent to the corner radius (4).
Chemical wear is very important when cutting highly rigid, ductile iron metals such as austempered ductile iron (ADI) or steel because of the high temperatures on the cutting edge. In said uses, silicon nitride or SiAlONe are not thermodynamically stable enough, while aluminum oxide-based cutting materials can be used to a limited extent only because they have low resistance to thermal shocks and have low ductility. The invention therefore relates to a hard ceramic material which is made from a powder mixture of Si3N4, Al2O3, AlN and oxides of at least one of the elements Mg, Ca, Y, Lu, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb.
C04B 35/597 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base de non oxydes à base de borures, nitrures ou siliciures à base d'oxynitrures de silicium
The invention relates to a method for the targeted introduction of cleavage lines and/or predetermined breaking lines in ceramic substrates for subsequent separation. According to said method, in a thermal treatment step or method step, the cleavage line and/or predetermined breaking line is heated locally and then cooled suddenly by a coolant in such a way that targeted cracking or material weakness occurs along the cleavage line or predetermined breaking lines. The invention also relates to a ceramic substrate and the use thereof. According to the invention, the cleavage lines and/or predetermined breaking lines are introduced into the surface of the fully sintered ceramic substrate.
H05K 3/00 - Appareils ou procédés pour la fabrication de circuits imprimés
H01C 17/00 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication de résistances
B28D 1/22 - Travail de la pierre ou des matériaux analogues p. ex. briques, béton, non prévu ailleursMachines, dispositifs, outils à cet effet par découpage, p. ex. exécution d'entailles
C03B 33/09 - Sectionnement du verre refroidi par chocs thermiques
H05K 1/03 - Emploi de matériaux pour réaliser le substrat
H05K 1/16 - Circuits imprimés comprenant des composants électriques imprimés incorporés, p. ex. une résistance, un condensateur, une inductance imprimés
The invention relates to a cooling box (1) for electric or electronic components, consisting of a material. Said cooling box (1) is non-electrically conductive or practically non-electrically conductive, is configured in one piece or multiple pieces and has a cavity (4) that is enclosed by the material, said cavity (4) being closed or provided with at least one opening (2). To improve thermal dissipation, at least one surface region of the cooling box (1) is defined by functions of electrical and/or thermal conductivity.
H01L 23/467 - Dispositions pour le refroidissement, le chauffage, la ventilation ou la compensation de la température impliquant le transfert de chaleur par des fluides en circulation par une circulation de gaz, p. ex. d'air
H01L 23/473 - Dispositions pour le refroidissement, le chauffage, la ventilation ou la compensation de la température impliquant le transfert de chaleur par des fluides en circulation par une circulation de liquides
Ceramic materials are brittle and are therefore not generally suitable for dynamic stresses, in particular caused by vibration and impact. The invention therefore discloses a material composed of a large fraction of aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide and strontium aluminate.
Hardness, ageing resistance, wetting behaviour in relation to water and high thermal conductivity are known characteristics of sintered moulded bodies consisting of aluminium oxide; high strength and a high resistance to cracking, i.e. damage tolerance, are known characteristics of sintered moulded bodies consisting of zirconium oxide. To obtain a ceramic material, in which all said characteristics are combined, the invention discloses a material composed of a large fraction of aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide and optionally strontium aluminate.
Sintered moulded bodies have a wide range of applications. Their composition can be adapted to their designated use by the targeted addition of specific elements and/or compounds thereof. The invention discloses a sintered moulded body consisting of a material that contains aluminium oxide with chromium doping, zirconium oxide with Y-stabilisation and strontium aluminate with variable Cr-doping. Said body is particularly suitable for medical applications.
When a ceramic material, because of the use to which it is put, must enter into a positive connection with a metal for the separation of an electrical potential, for example, by gluing or soldering, stresses arise when the ceramic material is subjected to heat because the coefficients of thermal expansion of metal and ceramic are different. Because metal usually expands more than ceramic, the ceramic may tear or even chip off. As a result of the equalization of potential over the defects in the ceramic, the cracks or chipping in the ceramic coating results in short circuits. According to the invention, it is therefore proposed that a portion of at least one other ceramic material with a significantly lower coefficient of thermal expansion be added to the base ceramic material which has a high coefficient of thermal expansion, in such an amount that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material resulting from this composition is identical with the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metallic material with which said resulting material will be combined in a positive fit.
C04B 35/04 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base d'oxydes à base d'oxyde de magnésium, d'oxyde de calcium ou de mélanges d'oxydes dérivés de la dolomite à base d'oxyde de magnésium
The invention relates to components having a ceramic base the surface of which is covered in at least one area by a metalized coating. For coatings of said type, problems with respect to their stability and adhesion may arise. The invention is characterized in that the material on the surface of the ceramic base is chemically and/or crystallographically and/or physically modified with or without addition of suitable reactants across the entire surface or on partial surfaces of the metalized areas and forms at least one nonporous or porous layer, joined to the ceramic base, that has the same or different thickness of at least 0.001 nanometers, said layer consisting of at least one homogeneous or heterogeneous new material.
C04B 37/02 - Liaison des articles céramiques cuits avec d'autres articles céramiques cuits ou d'autres articles, par chauffage avec des articles métalliques
23.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A COMPOSITE INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE NON-FLAT COMPONENT
The invention relates to a method for producing a composite from at least two metal components that have perforations or openings, especially for producing a cooler or cooling elements or heat sinks that consist of at least one composite and wherein the components are joined to each other to give the composite by heating them to a process temperature while using a joining agent on joining surfaces defined by surface faces of said components. In order to be able to produce composites having complicated geometrical shapes, thereby increasing their cooling capacity, at least one first component is not flat and said first component is joined to at least one additional flat or non-flat second component to give the composite.
F28D 9/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur comportant des ensembles de canalisations fixes en forme de plaques ou de laminés pour les deux sources de potentiel calorifique, ces sources étant en contact chacune avec un côté de la paroi d'une canalisation
24.
CUTTING TOOL FOR RECESSING AND GROOVING, COMPRISING A REPLACEABLE ABUTMENT FOR THE CUTTING ELEMENT
The invention relates to a cutting tool (1) for machining mainly metallic materials, comprising a clamping holder (2) and a support (3) for the cutting element. Said support (3), on which a cutting element (6) rests, is arranged on the clamping holder (2). The cutting element (6) is pressed, by means of a clamping claw (5), onto the support (3) for the cutting element and against an abutting surface (7) located outside the support (3) for the cutting element. In order to increase the service life of the clamping holder, the abutting surface (7) is part of an abutment (4) for the cutting element. Said abutment (4) is designed as a separate component and is replaceably mounted on the clamping holder (2).
The invention relates to a method for the selective surface treatment of a first workpiece (1) on at least one of the metalized areas (3) of its upper (4) and/or underside (5), the first workpiece (1) being releasably joined to at least one additional workpiece (2) on one of its faces (4, 5) so as to be sealed from the exterior in at least one partial area and the selective surface treatment of the areas not covered by the joined section being carried out in a treatment phase. In order to make cooling and distribution of the metalized areas easier, the at least first workpiece (1) is not configured as a flat structure and is provided on at least one face with identically or differently metalized or non-metalized areas (3) or cavities or combinations thereof either across the whole surface or part of the surface and at least one additional metallic protective layer or an additional metallic coating is applied during the selective surface treatment.
With the advance of power electronics into increasing voltage ranges the need for high insulation voltages and high partial discharge resistance gets stronger every day. The invention therefore relates to a component (1) having a ceramic base (2) the surface (3, 4) of which is covered in at least one area by a metalized coating (5, 6; 11), the ceramic base (2) being spatially structured (7) and the partial discharge resistance between at least two layers of a metalized structure (5, 6) produced from the same or different materials and between the layer (5; 11) of a metalized structure and the ceramic being ឬ 20 pC.
C04B 37/02 - Liaison des articles céramiques cuits avec d'autres articles céramiques cuits ou d'autres articles, par chauffage avec des articles métalliques
H01L 23/40 - Supports ou moyens de fixation pour les dispositifs de refroidissement ou de chauffage amovibles
H05K 1/03 - Emploi de matériaux pour réaliser le substrat
H05K 1/09 - Emploi de matériaux pour réaliser le parcours métallique
H05K 3/38 - Amélioration de l'adhérence entre le substrat isolant et le métal
27.
COMPONENT HAVING A CERAMIC BASE WITH A METALIZED SURFACE
It is difficult to dissipate the heat produced during the operation of components having flat metalized ceramic bases, especially if the ceramic bases are metalized on both surfaces. The component (1) according to the invention has a ceramic base (2) the surface (3, 4) of which is covered in at least one area by a metalized coating (5, 6), the ceramic base (2) being spatially structured (7).
C04B 37/02 - Liaison des articles céramiques cuits avec d'autres articles céramiques cuits ou d'autres articles, par chauffage avec des articles métalliques
H01L 23/40 - Supports ou moyens de fixation pour les dispositifs de refroidissement ou de chauffage amovibles
H05K 1/03 - Emploi de matériaux pour réaliser le substrat
H05K 1/09 - Emploi de matériaux pour réaliser le parcours métallique
H05K 3/38 - Amélioration de l'adhérence entre le substrat isolant et le métal
28.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A METALIZED COMPONENT, CORRESPONDING COMPONENT, AND A SUBSTRATE FOR SUPPORTING THE COMPONENT DURING METALIZATION
When components having ceramic bases are provided with a metalized structure on at least two opposite and/or juxtaposed faces at the same time, it is very difficult to stack said bases. According to the invention, the metal in the form of pastes, films or sheets provided for metalization is applied to the surfaces of the ceramic base to be provided with a metalized structure. Before the metal is joined to the ceramic material, the at least one component is placed on a substrate and a stack is formed, the substrate being previously provided with a separation layer on a face of the substrate on those surfaces intended for support on the at least one component. The at least one component is lifted off the substrate after metalization.
C04B 37/02 - Liaison des articles céramiques cuits avec d'autres articles céramiques cuits ou d'autres articles, par chauffage avec des articles métalliques
H01L 23/373 - Refroidissement facilité par l'emploi de matériaux particuliers pour le dispositif
29.
METHOD FOR THE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND DISPOSAL OF AIR/SOLVENT MIXTURES USING A FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND RECOVERY UNIT
The invention relates to a method for the environmentally sound disposal of air/solvent mixtures (5), which are made of combustible gaseous, vaporous or liquid waste products, using a fuel cell system (1) for the recycling of the air/solvent mixtures (5) while removing the environmentally compatible exhaust air (2) developing in the fuel cell system (1), the waste heat (3) that is produced and the electric power that is produced. In order to improve the method, it is proposed that the air/solvent mixtures (5) are fed partially or completely to a recovery unit (6) and converted there into a usable form of energy (22, 24, 7), and that these mixtures are fed partially or completely to the fuel cell system (1) for recycling, and as a result during operation the fuel cell system (1) is supplied partially or completely with fuel and the fuel cell system (1) operates based on a molten carbonate fuel cell design.
F23G 7/06 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets particuliers ou de combustibles pauvres, p. ex. des produits chimiques de gaz d'évacuation ou de gaz nocifs, p. ex. de gaz d'échappement
H01M 8/04 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides
H01M 8/14 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes fondus
30.
SYSTEM CONCEPT WITH LOW ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND IMPROVED ENERGY YIELD
The invention relates to a method for the environmentally sound disposal of air/solvent mixtures (5) made of combustible gaseous, vaporous or liquid waste products, using a combustion unit (1) for burning the air/solvent mixtures (5) while removing the environmentally compatible exhaust air (2) developing in the combustion unit (1) and the waste heat (3) that is produced. In order to ensure that the air/solvent mixtures (5) can be decomposed without continuously supplying combustible substances, according to the invention the air/solvent mixtures (5) are fed partially or completely to a recovery unit (6) and converted there into a usable form of energy (22, 24, 7), and these mixtures are fed partially or completely to the combustion unit (1) for combustion and thereby during operation the combustion unit (1) is supplied partially or completely with fuel.
F23G 7/06 - Procédés ou appareils, p. ex. incinérateurs, spécialement adaptés à la combustion de déchets particuliers ou de combustibles pauvres, p. ex. des produits chimiques de gaz d'évacuation ou de gaz nocifs, p. ex. de gaz d'échappement
H01M 8/04 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides
H01M 8/14 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes fondus
31.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A COMPONENT USING ASYMMETRICAL ENERGY INPUT ALONG THE PARTING OR PREDETERMINED BREAKING LINE
The invention relates to a method for producing a component, wherein according to the method on at least one surface side of the component at least one parting or predetermined breaking line is produced in that first, in a thermal treatment or procedural step, the parting or predetermined breaking line is locally heated by energy input, and then is abruptly cooled by means of a cooling medium such that in the component this temperature fluctuation brings about a targeted crack formation or material weakening along the parting or predetermined breaking line. In order to ensure that, under all circumstances, a desired crack formation or material weakening occurs, it is proposed that the energy input occurs asymmetrically along the parting or predetermined breaking line in every location, wherein every location of the parting and predetermined breaking line is subjected to at least two equally or differently strong energy inputs at suitable short intervals, thereby adjusting the energy distribution to the desired crack formation or material weakening.
B23K 26/40 - Enlèvement de matière en tenant compte des propriétés du matériau à enlever
C03B 33/09 - Sectionnement du verre refroidi par chocs thermiques
H01L 21/48 - Fabrication ou traitement de parties, p. ex. de conteneurs, avant l'assemblage des dispositifs, en utilisant des procédés non couverts par l'un uniquement des groupes ou
The invention relates to a tool holder (1) as the carrier tool for a cutting tool for turning, milling and drilling applications for the machining of primarily metal materials, comprising an incorporated receiving recess with seat walls for receiving a cutting body (3), wherein the cutting body (3) is fastened with fastening means. According to the invention, in order to extend the service life and minimize the costs during the entire life cycle of the tool holder, it is proposed that in the receiving recess (8) a detachable and exchangeable insert seat adapter (6) is fastened, the adapter being adjusted to the cutting body (6) and resting with the lateral surfaces (7) thereof directly or indirectly on the seat walls (13) in the receiving recess (8), and furthermore comprising insert seat walls (2) against which the cutting body (3) rests.
B23B 29/04 - Porte-outils pour un seul outil de coupe
B23B 27/16 - Outils de coupe sur lesquels les taillants ou éléments tranchants sont en matériaux particulier à éléments tranchants interchangeables, p. ex. pouvant être fixés par des brides
B23C 5/22 - Dispositifs pour la fixation des taillants ou des dents
33.
REDUCTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRIPE WEAR ON INSERTS FOR HIP JOINT PROSTHESES BY MODIFYING THE GEOMETRY OF THE TRANSITION BETWEEN THE FACE AND SPHERICAL RECESS
If lasting high loads are applied to hip joint prostheses, signs of wear occur even if hard materials are used. While these signs do not result in failure, for example in the breakage of a component in prostheses made of ceramic materials, they are still undesirable. The abrasion occurring by friction when using metal-on-metal material pairing can be harmful to the human body. According to the invention, therefore a socket insert of a hip joint prosthesis is proposed, wherein the spherical head of a femur is supported in the spherical recess-shaped clearance of the socket insert, wherein this spherical recess has a break-in zone, which on the one side ends with a circular arc tangentially in the face of the socket insert and on the other side extends up to the break-in edge, and which is characterized in that between the start (12) of the circular arc (7) with the radius (11) of the length (RE) and the break-in edge (5) of the spherical recess (3) with the radius (13) of the length (RK) the break-in zone (6) forms a curve (14), the function of which can always be differentiated twice in every point.
Sialon materials are suited for machining metal materials, preferably cast iron, due to their high wear resistance. Alpha/beta sialons in particular have a favorable combination of strength and tenacity. In addition to the mechanical properties at room temperature, the properties at temperatures of about 800°C to 1000°C are also critical for the use as a ceramic cutting material. An economical production of sialons, however, is possible only by the use of sintering additives, which, however, remain in the product as a predominantly glass-like grain boundary phase after cooling. The softening of this grain boundary phase determines the mechanical and chemical properties of the material at elevated temperatures. According to the invention, a material based on sialons is therefore provided, the proportion of sintering additive HfO2 of which is a maximum of 1 mass-%.
C04B 35/599 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base de non oxydes à base de borures, nitrures ou siliciures à base d'oxynitrures de silicium à base d'oxynitrures d'aluminium et de silicium [SiAlON]
The invention relates to a method for the identification of the inoperability of fuses and to fuses equipped with said feature, which consist of a tubular or bar-shaped ceramic body as the fuse body. Said fuses have a fusible element extending between the pole caps situated on each front end and undergo a visible modification on account of the damage to the fusible element. If the fusible element is damaged as a result of an overvoltage, overload or a short-circuit, this cannot be identified as a result of the opacity of the ceramic body. According to the invention, the fusible element is surrounded or covered by a material, which is modified by the heat when the fusible element melts, in such a way that said material or the reaction products thereof permit the inoperability of the fuse to become visible over the entire surface of the fuse body, or at least at various points on the latter.
H01H 85/30 - Moyens pour indiquer l'état du fusible structurellement associés au fusible
H01H 85/22 - Organes intermédiaires ou auxiliaires destinés à porter, tenir ou retenir le fusible, coopérant avec le socle ou le support fixe, pouvant être enlevés de celui-ci pour renouveler le fusible
H01H 85/143 - Contacts électriquesFixation d'éléments fusibles sur de tels contacts
The invention relates to a method for the identification of the inoperability of fuses which consist of a tubular or bar-shaped ceramic body as the fuse body. Said fuses have a fusible element extending between the pole caps situated on each front end and undergo a visible modification on account of the damage to the fusible element. If the fusible element is damaged as a result of an overvoltage, overload or a short-circuit, this cannot be identified as a result of the opacity of the ceramic body. According to the invention, the fuse is modified by an overvoltage, overload or short-circuit as a result of the heat produced when the fusible element melts, said modification visibly indicating the damage to the fuse or that the latter can no longer be used.
H01H 85/30 - Moyens pour indiquer l'état du fusible structurellement associés au fusible
H01H 85/22 - Organes intermédiaires ou auxiliaires destinés à porter, tenir ou retenir le fusible, coopérant avec le socle ou le support fixe, pouvant être enlevés de celui-ci pour renouveler le fusible
H01H 85/24 - Moyens pour empêcher l'insertion d'un fusible incorrect
37.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING COLOURED SINTERED CERAMIC BODIES, IN PARTICULAR FOR DENTAL APPLICATIONS
To produce coloured sintered ceramic bodies, in particular for dental applications, it is known that coloured layers can be applied to the ceramic bodies in a separate process or a porous surface layer of the ceramic body can be impregnated with a liquid preparation of the material to be coloured and after-treated. This is a complicated process. It is therefore proposed according to the invention that the colouring materials be added dry in powder form to the material of the base composition of the ceramic body to be produced and be homogeneously mixed with this dry.
The invention relates to a shaft (1) of a hip joint prosthesis for implantation in the femur (5) of a patient, wherein the shaft (1) can be coupled with a ball head (2), which in turn can be inserted rotatably in the hemispherical recess of a socket insert (3). According to the invention, to avoid squeaking, it is proposed that the shaft (1) is formed asymmetrically in its outer and/or inner geometry and/or material composition.
The invention relates to a socket and/or socket insert for a hip joint prosthesis, the shaft of which can be coupled with a ball head, which in turn can be inserted in a rotatable manner in the hemispherical recess of the socket insert, wherein the shaft can be implanted in the femur and the socket insert can be implanted directly or via a hip socket in the pelvic bone. According to the invention, to avoid squeaking, it is proposed that the socket (4) and/or the socket insert is/are formed asymmetrically in its/their outer (12) and/or inner (13) geometry and/or material composition.
The invention relates to a hip socket for use in a hip joint prosthesis, comprising a shaft (1), on which a ball head (2) may be fixed, the ball head (2) may be rotatably inserted in a socket insert (3) and the socket insert (3) may be inserted and fixed in the hip socket (4), the shaft (1) and the hip socket (4) being implantable in the thigh bone (20) and the pelvic bone (21) respectively. According to the invention, damage to the socket insert and/or a limitation of the function of the sliding pair of ball head/socket insert may be avoided by local reduction of the calotte diameter of the socket insert, such that the hip socket (4) has an asymmetrical design with regard to the stiffness and/or geometry thereof in two different directions (x, y) orthogonal to each other and to the symmetry axis (z) of the hip socket (4).
The invention relates to a hip joint prosthesis with a shaft (1), fastened on the shaft head (22) of which there is a ball head (2), which in turn is inserted in a rotatable manner in the spherical recess of a socket insert, and the socket insert is coupled with a hip socket, wherein the shaft (1) can be implanted in the femur and the hip socket can be implanted in the pelvic bone. According to the invention, to avoid the transmission of vibrations, it is proposed that damping elements of a vibration-damping material are arranged at the coupling points of the shaft head (22) with the ball head (2) and/or of the socket insert with the hip socket.
The invention relates to a hip joint prosthesis with a ball head (2) with an outer geometry that is rotationally symmetrical with reference to the longitudinal axis (5) and with a socket insert (3) with a spherical recess (6), wherein the ball head (2) can be fastened on a shaft (1) and the ball head (2) can be inserted in a rotatable manner in the spherical recess (6) of the socket insert (3), and the socket insert (3) can be coupled to a hip socket (4), wherein the shaft (1) can be implanted in the femur (20) and the hip socket (4) can be implanted in the pelvic bone (21). In order that no undesired dry friction of the ball head in the spherical recess of the socket insert occurs, it is proposed that the outer geometry of the ball head (2) and/or of the spherical recess (6) of the socket insert (3) have a geometry that differs from the form of a sphere.
The invention relates to a ball head (2) with a convex ball head surface and/or a socket insert (3) with a calotte (5) and a concave calotte surface (7) for use in a hip joint prosthesis, comprising a shaft (1) on which the ball head (2) may be fixed, the ball head (2) may be inserted in the calotte (5) of the socket insert (3) such as to rotate with the ball head surface (6) thereof on a sliding region on the calotte surface (7) in the calotte (5) of the socket insert (3). The socket insert (3) may be coupled to a hip socket (4), the shaft (1) and the hip socket (4) being implantable in the thigh bone (20) and the pelvic bone (21) respectively. According to the invention, a dry running of the ball head in the socket insert may be avoided, wherein recesses are arranged on the ball head surface (6) and/or on the calotte surface (7), at least in the region of the sliding zone.
The invention relates to a process for producing a metal socket (4) which can be implanted directly in the pelvis of a patient and forms part of a hip prosthesis, with a permitted socket deformation resulting from the elasticity of the pelvis in the loaded state. To enable asymmetric deformations of the metal socket to be compensated for by the elasticity of the pelvis in the loaded state, the invention proposes that the metal socket (4) be provided with a thick-walled, porous outer coating (5), the rigidity of which is set in such a way that the layer collapses in the loaded state if a stress which matches the permitted socket deformation is exceeded.
brevets