A method for manufacturing pig iron in a smelting furnace including a vessel, the method including the following successive steps: loading DRI product in the vessel melting the DRI product to form a pig iron layer topped by a slag layer and injecting a desulphurizing reagent directly in the pig iron layer. It also deals with the manufacturing of steel from the-pig iron and the associated electrical smelting furnace.
A method for determining a temperature TST of a steel beam (2) after the beam has been water-cooled in a cooling machine, the method comprising: - acquiring cooling configuration data specifying which faces of the beam are impinged by water jets, and acquiring the corresponding water flow values, - for the different faces (W1, W2, F1 – F6) of the beam, determining, from the cooling configuration data, what cooling regime undergoes the face of the beam considered, the cooling regime being selected among, at least: direct water-cooling; powered cooling when the face has no water projected thereon, by any of the jets, but another face, which adjoins laterally the face considered, has water projected thereon; air-cooling; - computing cooling powers for the different faces of the beam, depending on the corresponding cooling regimes, and, when appropriate, depending on the associated water flow value.
C21D 8/00 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C21D 11/00 - Commande ou régulation du processus lors de traitements thermiques
G05B 19/4155 - Commande numérique [CN], c.-à-d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p. ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'un programme sous forme numérique caractérisée par le déroulement du programme, c.-à-d. le déroulement d'un programme de pièce ou le déroulement d'une fonction machine, p. ex. choix d'un programme
B21B 37/00 - Dispositifs ou procédés de commande spécialement adaptés aux laminoirs ou aux produits laminés
B21B 37/74 - Commande de la température, p. ex. en refroidissant ou en chauffant les cylindres ou le produit
3.
ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE COMPRISING AN ANODE PLACED IN A HOUSING
The electrolysis device (1) for reducing iron oxides into metallic iron comprises : - at least one anode (6), extending between an inner surface (10) and an outer surface (12), opposite the inner surface (10), - at least one cathode (4) comprising a collecting surface (8) on which metallic iron is deposited after reduction of iron oxides, the collecting surface (8) facing the inner surface (10) of the anode (6), - an electrolytic bath comprising an anolyte (16), in which the anode (6) is immersed, and a catholyte (18), in which the cathode (4) is immersed, wherein the anode (6) extends in a housing (14) separating in a fluid tight manner the anolyte (16) from the catholyte (18), the chemical composition of the anolyte (16) being different from the chemical composition of the catholyte (18).
B23K 35/02 - Baguettes, électrodes, matériaux ou environnements utilisés pour le brasage, le soudage ou le découpage caractérisés par des propriétés mécaniques, p. ex. par la forme
B23K 35/30 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés pour le soudage ou le brasage dont le principal constituant fond à moins de 1550 C
B33Y 70/00 - Matériaux spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive
B33Y 80/00 - Produits obtenus par fabrication additive
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/08 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du nickel
C22C 38/42 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cuivre
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/46 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du vanadium
C22C 38/48 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/50 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/54 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du bore
C22C 38/58 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et plus de 1,5% en poids de manganèse
Side structure (1) for a motor vehicle (3) including an inner and outer frame (11, 13) each forming a closed ring and having two openings corresponding to the front and rear doors (8, 10), wherein the inner and outer frames (11, 13) are each formed by hot stamping respectively an inner and an outer frame blank (111, 113), the outer frame blank being a single tailor welded blank made of steel and wherein the inner and outer frames (11,13) are assembled to form a hollow volume (7) between them.
The invention concerns an aqueous solution comprising at least one hydrate of zinc sulfate, and at least one P1-M1 copolymer prepared from monomers comprising a) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer P1 containing at least one phosphorus atom; and b) a monomer M1 selected from (meth)acrylates, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, and (meth)acrylic acid, a kit for the preparation thereof, the use of the solution for improving the degreasability of the outer surface of an oiled metallic coating based on zinc or its alloys, which coats at least one face of a steel substrate, a method for preparing an oiled Zn-coated steel substrate, a steel substrate and an automotive part made therefrom.
C25D 3/22 - Dépôt électrochimiqueBains utilisés à partir de solutions de zinc
C08F 230/02 - Copolymères de composés contenant un ou plusieurs radicaux aliphatiques non saturés, chaque radical ne contenant qu'une seule liaison double carbone-carbone et contenant du phosphore, du sélénium, du tellure ou un métal contenant du phosphore
C09D 143/02 - Homopolymères ou copolymères de monomères contenant du phosphore
C23C 14/22 - Revêtement par évaporation sous vide, pulvérisation cathodique ou implantation d'ions du matériau composant le revêtement caractérisé par le procédé de revêtement
C25D 3/56 - Dépôt électrochimiqueBains utilisés à partir de solutions d'alliages
C25D 5/48 - Post-traitement des surfaces revêtues de métaux par voie électrolytique
C23C 2/00 - Procédés de trempage à chaud ou d'immersion pour appliquer le matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu sans modifier la forme de l'objet immergéAppareils à cet effet
8.
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A HIGH STRENGTH COLD ROLLED AND HEATED STEEL SHEET WITH IMPROVED FLATNESS
C21D 8/02 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication de produits plats ou de bandes
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/28 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/32 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du bore
9.
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A HIGH STRENGTH STEEL SHEET HAVING IMPROVED FLATNESS
C21D 8/02 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication de produits plats ou de bandes
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/28 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/32 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du bore
10.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A TEMPERATURE OF A STEEL BEAM AFTER WATER-COOLING, ASSOCIATED ELECTRONIC SYSTEM
A method for determining a temperature of a steel beam (2) after the beam has been water-cooled in a cooling machine, the method comprising: - acquiring cooling configuration data specifying which faces of the beam are impinged by water jets, and what are the corresponding water flow values, - for the different faces (W1, W2, F1 – F6) of the beam, determining, from the cooling configuration data, what cooling regime undergoes the face of the beam considered, the cooling regime being selected among, at least: direct water-cooling; powered cooling when the face has no water projected thereon, by any of the jets, but, for an other of said faces which adjoins laterally the face considered, said other face has water projected thereon; air-cooling; - computing cooling powers for the different faces of the beam, depending on the corresponding cooling regimes, and, when appropriate, depending on the associated water flow value.
C21D 8/00 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C21D 11/00 - Commande ou régulation du processus lors de traitements thermiques
G05B 19/4155 - Commande numérique [CN], c.-à-d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p. ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'un programme sous forme numérique caractérisée par le déroulement du programme, c.-à-d. le déroulement d'un programme de pièce ou le déroulement d'une fonction machine, p. ex. choix d'un programme
B21B 37/00 - Dispositifs ou procédés de commande spécialement adaptés aux laminoirs ou aux produits laminés
C23C 2/00 - Procédés de trempage à chaud ou d'immersion pour appliquer le matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu sans modifier la forme de l'objet immergéAppareils à cet effet
G01B 7/06 - Dispositions pour la mesure caractérisées par l'utilisation de techniques électriques ou magnétiques pour mesurer la longueur, la largeur ou l'épaisseur pour mesurer l'épaisseur
G05B 13/02 - Systèmes de commande adaptatifs, c.-à-d. systèmes se réglant eux-mêmes automatiquement pour obtenir un rendement optimal suivant un critère prédéterminé électriques
C23C 2/00 - Procédés de trempage à chaud ou d'immersion pour appliquer le matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu sans modifier la forme de l'objet immergéAppareils à cet effet
C23C 2/16 - Élimination de l'excès des revêtements fondusCommande ou régulation de l'épaisseur du revêtement en utilisant des fluides sous pression, p. ex. par des lames d'air
C23C 2/18 - Élimination de l'excès du revêtement fondu d'objets allongés
C23C 2/02 - Pré-traitement du matériau à revêtir, p. ex. pour le revêtement de parties déterminées de la surface
Rear side structure inner (10) for a pickup truck frame (1) manufactured by stamping an inner blank (10b) – said rear side structure inner (10) comprising a C- pillar, a belt rail, a wheelouse inner and a D-pillar portion (101, 102, 103, 104,).
Rear side structure outer (20) for a pickup truck frame (1) manufactured by stamping an outer blank (20b) – said rear side structure outer (20) comprising a C- pillar, a belt rail, a reinforcement a D-pillar portion (201, 202, 203, 204).
A steel sheet coated with an aluminum-based coating and a second zinc coating having a thickness less than or equal to 1.1 μm is provided. A method for preparing the coated steel sheet, a method for preparing a press-hardened part from the steel sheet, a press-hardened part, and the use of the press-hardened part are also provided.
C23C 14/22 - Revêtement par évaporation sous vide, pulvérisation cathodique ou implantation d'ions du matériau composant le revêtement caractérisé par le procédé de revêtement
The invention concerns an aqueous solution comprising at least one hydrate of zinc sulfate, and at least one P1-M1 copolymer prepared from monomers comprising a) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer P1 containing at least one phosphorus atom; and b) a monomer M1 selected from (meth)acrylates, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, and (meth)acrylic acid, a kit for the preparation thereof, the use of the solution for improving the tribological properties of the outer surface of a metallic coating based on zinc or its alloys, which coats at least one face of a steel substrate, a method for preparing a Zn-coated steel substrate, a steel substrate and an automotive part made therefrom.
C25D 3/22 - Dépôt électrochimiqueBains utilisés à partir de solutions de zinc
C08F 230/02 - Copolymères de composés contenant un ou plusieurs radicaux aliphatiques non saturés, chaque radical ne contenant qu'une seule liaison double carbone-carbone et contenant du phosphore, du sélénium, du tellure ou un métal contenant du phosphore
C09D 143/02 - Homopolymères ou copolymères de monomères contenant du phosphore
C25D 3/56 - Dépôt électrochimiqueBains utilisés à partir de solutions d'alliages
C25D 5/48 - Post-traitement des surfaces revêtues de métaux par voie électrolytique
C23C 14/22 - Revêtement par évaporation sous vide, pulvérisation cathodique ou implantation d'ions du matériau composant le revêtement caractérisé par le procédé de revêtement
17.
SOLUTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF A ZN-COATED STEEL SHEET TO IMPROVE THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES THEREOF
The invention concerns an aqueous solution comprising at least one hydrate of zinc sulfate, and at least one P1-M1 copolymer prepared from monomers comprising a) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer P1 containing at least one phosphorus atom; and b) a monomer M1 selected from (meth)acrylates, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, and (meth)acrylic acid, a kit for the preparation thereof, the use of the solution for improving the tribological properties of the outer surface of a metallic coating based on zinc or its alloys, which coats at least one face of a steel substrate, a method for preparing a Zn-coated steel substrate, a steel substrate and an automotive part made therefrom.
C25D 3/22 - Dépôt électrochimiqueBains utilisés à partir de solutions de zinc
C08F 230/02 - Copolymères de composés contenant un ou plusieurs radicaux aliphatiques non saturés, chaque radical ne contenant qu'une seule liaison double carbone-carbone et contenant du phosphore, du sélénium, du tellure ou un métal contenant du phosphore
C09D 143/02 - Homopolymères ou copolymères de monomères contenant du phosphore
C23C 14/22 - Revêtement par évaporation sous vide, pulvérisation cathodique ou implantation d'ions du matériau composant le revêtement caractérisé par le procédé de revêtement
C25D 3/56 - Dépôt électrochimiqueBains utilisés à partir de solutions d'alliages
C25D 5/48 - Post-traitement des surfaces revêtues de métaux par voie électrolytique
C23C 2/00 - Procédés de trempage à chaud ou d'immersion pour appliquer le matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu sans modifier la forme de l'objet immergéAppareils à cet effet
C23C 2/16 - Élimination de l'excès des revêtements fondusCommande ou régulation de l'épaisseur du revêtement en utilisant des fluides sous pression, p. ex. par des lames d'air
C23C 2/18 - Élimination de l'excès du revêtement fondu d'objets allongés
The invention relates to a process for hot-dip plating a steel strip on a galvanizing line comprising: (i) Acquiring the preset strip width Wp of the steel strip at the exit of the galvanizing line and the preset coating weight CWp of molten Zn- based alloy, CWp being greater than or equal to 400 g/m², (ii) providing the steel strip with an initial strip width W0 determined based on Wp and CWp so that the difference between W0 and Wp is at least two times bigger than an inferred faulty edging E determined based on CWp, (iii) dipping the steel strip in a bath of molten Zn-alloy comprising 0.5-12 wt% aluminium, 0.2-6 wt% magnesium, (iv) wiping the molten Zn-based alloy and adjusting the coating weight according to CWp, (v) cooling, (vi) trimming both edges of the steel strip to obtain the preset strip width Wp.
C23C 2/00 - Procédés de trempage à chaud ou d'immersion pour appliquer le matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu sans modifier la forme de l'objet immergéAppareils à cet effet
B21B 37/00 - Dispositifs ou procédés de commande spécialement adaptés aux laminoirs ou aux produits laminés
C21D 8/00 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C21D 11/00 - Commande ou régulation du processus lors de traitements thermiques
G05B 19/4155 - Commande numérique [CN], c.-à-d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p. ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'un programme sous forme numérique caractérisée par le déroulement du programme, c.-à-d. le déroulement d'un programme de pièce ou le déroulement d'une fonction machine, p. ex. choix d'un programme
21.
COLD ROLLED AND HEAT-TREATED STEEL SHEET AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF
The invention relates to a cold rolled and heat-treated steel sheet having a composition comprising in percentage by weight: C : 0.03 - 0.12 %, Mn : 1.2 - 2.3%, Al : 0.01 - 0.1%, Nb : 0.01% - 0.1%, Ti ≤ 0.12%, P ≤ 0.09 %, S ≤ 0.09 %, N ≤ 0.009% and can contain Si ≤ 2 %, Cr ≤ 0.5 %, Ni ≤ 3%, Ca ≤ 0.005%, Cu ≤ 2%, Mo ≤ 0. 5%, V ≤ 0.1%, B ≤ 0.003%, Ce ≤ 0.1%, Mg ≤ 0.010%, Zr ≤ 0.010%, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet comprising in area fraction, 5% to 10% Cementite, 31 to 50% of Recrystallized ferrite wherein the average grain size of recrystallized ferrite is less than or equal to 2.5 microns, 45 to 64% of non-recrystallized ferrite, wherein the cumulated amount of recrystallized ferrite and non-recrystallized ferrite is from 85% to 95% and includes 0.5% to 2% of Carbides of Niobium, the optional cumulated amount of residual austenite and martensite being from 0% to 5%.
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/12 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du tungstène, du tantale, du molybdène, du vanadium ou du niobium
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/02 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication de produits plats ou de bandes
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
C21D 1/18 - DurcissementTrempe avec ou sans revenu ultérieur
B32B 15/01 - Produits stratifiés composés essentiellement de métal toutes les couches étant composées exclusivement de métal
C23C 2/04 - Procédés de trempage à chaud ou d'immersion pour appliquer le matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu sans modifier la forme de l'objet immergéAppareils à cet effet caractérisé par le matériau de revêtement
The invention relates to a cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet having a composition comprising in percentage by weight: C : 0.02 - 0.12 %, Mn : 1.2 - 2.3%, Al : 0.01 - 0.1%, Nb : 0.01% - 0.1%, Ti : 0.01 - 0.12%, P ≤ 0.09 %, S ≤ 0.09 %, N ≤ 0.009% and can contain Si ≤ 2 %, Cr ≤ 0.5 %, Ni ≤ 3%, Ca ≤ 0.005%, Cu ≤ 2%, Mo ≤ 0. 5%, V ≤ 0.1%, B ≤ 0.003%, Ce ≤ 0.1%, Mg ≤ 0.010%, Zr ≤ 0.010%, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet comprising in area fraction, 2% to 10% Cementite, 30 to 60% of Recrystallized ferrite, 38 to 68% of non- recrystallized ferrite, wherein the cumulated amount of Recrystallized ferrite and Non-recrystallized ferrite is from 85% to 96% and includes 0.5% to 2% of Carbides of Niobium, the optional cumulated amount of residual austenite and martensite being from 0% to 5%.
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/12 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du tungstène, du tantale, du molybdène, du vanadium ou du niobium
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/02 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication de produits plats ou de bandes
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
C21D 1/18 - DurcissementTrempe avec ou sans revenu ultérieur
B32B 15/01 - Produits stratifiés composés essentiellement de métal toutes les couches étant composées exclusivement de métal
C23C 2/04 - Procédés de trempage à chaud ou d'immersion pour appliquer le matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu sans modifier la forme de l'objet immergéAppareils à cet effet caractérisé par le matériau de revêtement
Rear side structure inner (10) for a pickup truck frame (1) manufactured by stamping an inner blank (10b) – said rear side structure inner (10) comprising a C- pillar, a belt rail, a wheelouse inner and a D-pillar portion (101, 102, 103, 104,).
Rear side structure outer (20) for a pickup truck frame (1) manufactured by stamping an outer blank (20b) – said rear side structure outer (20) comprising a C- pillar, a belt rail, a reinforcement a D-pillar portion (201, 202, 203, 204).
C23C 2/00 - Procédés de trempage à chaud ou d'immersion pour appliquer le matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu sans modifier la forme de l'objet immergéAppareils à cet effet
26.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A BEAM PROCESSING INSTALLATION, ASSOCIATED SYSTEM AND INSTALLATION
C21D 8/00 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C21D 11/00 - Commande ou régulation du processus lors de traitements thermiques
G05B 19/4155 - Commande numérique [CN], c.-à-d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p. ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'un programme sous forme numérique caractérisée par le déroulement du programme, c.-à-d. le déroulement d'un programme de pièce ou le déroulement d'une fonction machine, p. ex. choix d'un programme
B21B 37/74 - Commande de la température, p. ex. en refroidissant ou en chauffant les cylindres ou le produit
The present invention relates to a cold rolling stand for rolling a metallic strip having: a pair of work rolls determining a roll bite, a first set of spraying devices able to spray a first lubricant onto said pair of work rolls, a second set of spraying devices able to spray a second lubricant upstream of said work rolls, a collector able to collect the first and second lubricants, an inversion system, a tank connected to the collector, to the first set of spraying devices and to the inversion system, the tank being able to contain the sprayed lubricant, the inversion system being connected to the second set of spraying devices. This invention also relates to a cold rolling process.
B21B 45/02 - Dispositifs pour le traitement de surface des pièces spécialement combinés aux laminoirs, disposés dans les laminoirs, ou adaptés pour être utilisés avec les laminoirs pour lubrifier, refroidir ou nettoyer
B21B 1/22 - Méthodes de laminage ou laminoirs pour la fabrication des produits semi-finis de section pleine ou de profilésSéquence des opérations dans les trains de laminoirsInstallation d'une usine de laminage, p. ex. groupement de cagesSuccession des passes ou des alternances de passes pour laminer des bandes ou des feuilles en longueurs indéfinies
A process of manufacturing a silicon-graphene-graphite composite for a Silicon-based anode of a lithium-ion battery, including bringing together silicon particles with a particle size distribution D10 above 100 nm and an exfoliatable graphene-based material in a first organic solvent, the weight ratio of silicon to exfoliatable graphene-based material being between 1.5 and 9, mixing at at least 500 rpm for at least 20 min so as to mill the silicon particles into nanoparticles, exfoliate at least a part of the exfoliatable graphene-based material into graphene and form a silicon-graphene composite, bringing together the silicon-graphene composite and graphite, the weight ratio of carbon to silicon being between 1.5 and 19 and the viscosity being between 0.025 and 160 Pa·s at 1 s−1 shear rate, and mixing for at least 2 min so as to form a silicon-graphene-graphite composite.
H01M 4/38 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'éléments simples ou d'alliages
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
H01M 4/133 - Électrodes à base de matériau carboné, p. ex. composés d'intercalation du graphite ou CFx
H01M 4/134 - Électrodes à base de métaux, de Si ou d'alliages
H01M 4/1393 - Procédés de fabrication d’électrodes à base de matériau carboné, p. ex. composés au graphite d'intercalation ou CFx
H01M 4/1395 - Procédés de fabrication d’électrodes à base de métaux, de Si ou d'alliages
H01M 4/36 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs
H01M 4/583 - Matériau carboné, p. ex. composés au graphite d'intercalation ou CFx
H01M 10/0525 - Batteries du type "rocking chair" ou "fauteuil à bascule", p. ex. batteries à insertion ou intercalation de lithium dans les deux électrodesBatteries à l'ion lithium
29.
NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A double cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a composition including, expressed in percentage by weight: 0.0001%≤Carbon≤0.007%, 0.2%≤Manganese≤0.24%, 3.1%≤Silicon≤3.5%, 0.8%≤Aluminum≤1.1%, Phosphorus ≤0.15%, Sulfur ≤0.006%, Nitrogen ≤0.09%, and various optional elements. The remainder composition being iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing. The microstructure is made of ferrite and has in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 20 microns to 110 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1 T and 400 Hz according to IEC 60404-2 standards, less from 30% to 35% when calculated in accordance of Bertotti method and simultaneously having a magnetic polarization at 5000 A/m (J50) from 1.645 T to 1.660 T.
The invention deals with a hot worked and annealed graphitic steel product which composition comprises in weight percent C : 0.70-0.90% Mn : 0.160- 0.40% % Si ≤ 1.0-3.0% Al :0.001-0.09% P ≤ 0.090% S : 0.040-0.090% N: 0.0040-0.0100% H ≤ 0.0004 % and comprising optionally one or more of the following elements Ti ≤ 0.090% B ≤ 0.006% Cr ≤ 1% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.5% V ≤ 0.2% Nb ≤ 0.1% Ni ≤ 3.0% Co ≤ 3.0% Cu ≤ 3.0% Sn ≤ 0.1% Ce ≤ 0.1% Mg ≤ 0.1% Zr ≤ 0.1% Ca ≤ 0.008% the manganese, sulfur, titanium, boron and nitrogen weight contents being such that %Mn / %S ≥ 4.0 and N - 0.3xTi - 1.3xB ≥ 0 the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the smelting, said steel having a microstructure comprising 1 to 10% in area fraction of free graphite particles, up to 5% optional cementite, the balance being ferrite.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/60 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du plomb, du sélénium, du tellure, de l'antimoine, ou plus de 0,04% en poids de soufre
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/34 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de silicium
C22C 38/50 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/54 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du bore
C22C 38/42 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cuivre
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C21D 9/22 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour foretsTraitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour fraisesTraitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour machines-outils coupantes
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C21D 8/00 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
The invention deals with a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.3mm to 0.8mm and having a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %, 0.7% ≤ Manganese ≤ 1.2%, 2.6% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.0%, 0.7% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 1.2 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%, with 4.3% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 5.5 % and can contain one or more of the following optional elements, Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 50 microns to 300 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses measured at 1.5T and 400Hz, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/34 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de silicium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
32.
A TIN FREE NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A tin free non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.2mm to 0.8mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.009 %,0.05% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.2%,2.5% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.3%,0.1% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.5 %,0.001% ≤ Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %,Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%with 3% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 4.7%, Niobium ≤ 0.1%,Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%,Tungsten≤ 0.1%,Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%,Calcium ≤ 0.01%,Copper ≤ 1%,Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Antimony ≤ 0.2%the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10microns to 150 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/34 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de silicium
C22C 38/28 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du titane ou du zirconium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
33.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.4mm to 0.7mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.2% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.5%, 3% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.5%, 0.6% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 1.1 %, 0.001% ≤ Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 4% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 5.5% and can contain one or more of the following optional elements Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%, Tin ≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non- recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 100 microns to 250 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 30% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/16 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du cuivre
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
34.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
The invention deals with a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.4mm to 0.7mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.09% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.22%, 2.7% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.1%,0.3% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.5 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006%, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 3.2% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 3.8% and can contain one or more of the following optional elements Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Tin≤ 0.2%,Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10 microns to 50 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/08 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du nickel
C22C 38/16 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du cuivre
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
35.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
The invention deals with a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.4mm to 0.6mm and having a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %, 0.2% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.4%, 1% ≤ Silicon ≤ 1.4%, 0.15% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.25 %, 0.1% ≤ Phosphorus ≤ 0.25 %, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%, with 0.2% ≤ P+Sn ≤ 0.3 % and can contain one or more of the following optional elements, Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 70 microns to 150 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses measured at 1.5T and 400Hz, of less than 35% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/20 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du cuivre
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
36.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.4mm to 0.7mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.15% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.3%,3% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.5%, 0.9% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 1.4 %, 0.001%≤ Nickel ≤ 0.1%, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%, with 4% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 5.5%,Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%, Tin≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 120 microns to 250 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/08 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du nickel
C22C 38/50 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du titane ou du zirconium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
37.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
The invention deals with a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.4mm to 0.7mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.09% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.22%, 2.7% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.1%,0.3% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.5 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006%, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 3.2% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 3.8% and can contain one or more of the following optional elements Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Tin≤ 0.2%,Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10 microns to 50 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/34 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de silicium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
38.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.5 to 1.2 mm and having a composition comprising the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %, 0.2% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.4%,1% ≤ Silicon ≤ 1.4%, 0.12% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.25 %,0.1 % ≤ Phosphorus ≤ 0.25 %,0.08% ≤ Tin ≤ 0.2%,Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %,Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%,with 0.2% ≤ P+Sn ≤ 0.3%,Niobium ≤ 0.1%,Titanium ≤ 0.1%,Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%,Tungsten≤ 0.1%,Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%,Calcium ≤ 0.01%,Copper ≤ 1%,Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 80 microns to 200microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses measured at 1.5T and 400Hz, of less than 45% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/28 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du titane ou du zirconium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
39.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.5mm to 1.2mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %, 0.05% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.3%, 3% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.5%, 0.8% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 1.2 %, 0.001% ≤ Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %,Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%, with 4% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 5.5%, Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%m Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%, Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%, Tin≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2% the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10 microns to 100 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 36% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
40.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.3mm to 0.6mm and having a composition comprising the following elements 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.1% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.5%,1% ≤ Silicon ≤ 1.6%,0.1% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.5%,Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %,Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%,Tin ≤ 0.15%,Niobium ≤ 0.1%,Titanium ≤ 0.1%,Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%,Tungsten≤ 0.1%,Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%,Calcium ≤ 0.01%,Copper ≤ 1%,Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Antimony ≤ 0.2%the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non- recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10 microns to 90 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses measured at 1.5T and 400Hz, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method. No figure.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/40 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
41.
A TIN FREE NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TIN FREE NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A tin free non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.2mm to 0.4mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.09% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.3%,3% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.5%,0.5% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 1.2 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %,Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 3.7% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 4.7%, Niobium ≤ 0.1%,Titanium ≤ 0.1%,Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%,Tungsten≤ 0.1%,Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%,Calcium ≤ 0.01%,Copper ≤ 1%,Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 60microns to 150 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 15% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/34 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de silicium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
42.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.2mm to 0.4mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.2% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.5%,3% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.6%,0.7% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.95 %,0.001%≤ Nickel ≤ 0.1%,Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %,Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 4% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 5.5%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%,Niobium ≤ 0.1%,Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%,Tungsten≤ 0.1%,Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%,Calcium ≤ 0.01%,Copper ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Tin≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 95 microns to 250 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 15% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/08 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du nickel
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/28 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du titane ou du zirconium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
43.
WELDING METHOD FOR PRESS HARDENING STEELS HAVING AN ALUMINUM-BASED COATING, ASSOCIATED WELDED BLANK AND HOT STAMPED PART
Method for butt-welding two sub-blanks of steel (10) comprising the steps of: -providing two sub-blanks (10) made of press-hardening steel grades, having a thickness of respectively t1 and t2 expressed in mm, and coated on both sides with an aluminum based metallic coating (2) comprising an intermetallic layer (21) in contact with a substrate (1) and a metallic layer (22) above it. -preparing said two sub-blanks (10) by removing at least said metallic layer (22) of said aluminum-based coating (2) on the top side of said weld edges (11) of each of said sub-blanks (10) to form removal zones (23) and by removing at least said metallic layer (22) of said aluminum-based coating (2) on the bottom side of one weld edge (11) to form another removal zone (23), while leaving the full amount of said aluminum-based coating (2) on the bottom side of the other weld edge (11), -positioning said two sub-blanks (10) side by side along their respective weld edges (11). -laser welding said two sub-blanks (10) using a laser beam (31) emitted by a laser head (30) traveling at a relative speed S_welding, expressed in m/min, and simultaneously adding a filler wire (41) having a diameter D_filler_wire, which is fed out of a filler wire feeder (40) at a speed S_filler_wire, expressed in m/min, to form a melt pool generated by said laser beam (31) and thus manufacture a laser welded blank (6) having a weld seam (5).
B23K 35/02 - Baguettes, électrodes, matériaux ou environnements utilisés pour le brasage, le soudage ou le découpage caractérisés par des propriétés mécaniques, p. ex. par la forme
B23K 26/00 - Travail par rayon laser, p. ex. soudage, découpage ou perçage
B23K 26/242 - Soudure en angle, c.-à-d. soudure de section essentiellement triangulaire joignant deux parties
B23K 26/322 - Assemblage tenant compte des propriétés du matériau concerné faisant intervenir des parties métalliques
The invention relates to a metal powder having a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in content by weight: 9% ≤ Ni ≤ 13%, 17% ≤ Cr ≤ 19%, 0.04% ≤ C ≤ 0.1%, 8 x C ≤ Nb ≤ 1%, Si ≤ 0.75%, P ≤ 0.025%, S ≤ 0.03%, 0.02% ≤ N ≤ 0.2%, With Si/(C+N) <6.0, and optionally containing: Mn ≤ 2%, Cu ≤ 0.75%, Mo ≤ 0.75%, and/or one or more elements chosen among Ti, V, W, Zr, Ce, Y in a cumulated amount of up to 2.0 wt.%, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration.
B22F 10/28 - Fusion sur lit de poudre, p. ex. fusion sélective par laser [FSL] ou fusion par faisceau d’électrons [EBM]
B22F 10/322 - Commande ou régulation des opérations de l’atmosphère, p. ex. de la composition ou de la pression dans une chambre de fabrication d’un écoulement de gaz, p. ex. du débit ou de la direction
B22F 10/36 - Commande ou régulation des opérations des paramètres du faisceau d’énergie
B33Y 70/00 - Matériaux spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive
C22C 33/02 - Fabrication des alliages ferreux par des techniques de la métallurgie des poudres
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/58 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et plus de 1,5% en poids de manganèse
C22C 38/18 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome
C22C 38/42 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cuivre
C22C 38/48 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
45.
WELDING METHOD FOR PRESS HARDENING STEELS HAVING AN ALUMINUM-BASED COATING, ASSOCIATED WELDED BLANK AND HOT STAMPED PART
Method for butt-welding two sub-blanks of steel (10) comprising the steps of: -providing two sub-blanks (10) made of press-hardening steel grades, having a thickness of respectively t1 and t2 expressed in mm, and coated on both sides with an aluminum based metallic coating (2) comprising an intermetallic layer (21) in contact with a substrate (1) and a metallic layer (22) above it. -preparing said two sub-blanks (10) by removing at least said metallic layer (22) of said aluminum-based coating (2) on the top side of said weld edges (11) of each of said sub-blanks (10) to form removal zones (23) and by removing at least said metallic layer (22) of said aluminum-based coating (2) on the bottom side of one weld edge (11) to form another removal zone (23), while leaving the full amount of said aluminum-based coating (2) on the bottom side of the other weld edge (11), -positioning said two sub-blanks (10) side by side along their respective weld edges (11). -laser welding said two sub-blanks (10) using a laser beam (31) emitted by a laser head (30) traveling at a relative speed S_welding, expressed in m/min, and simultaneously adding a filler wire (41) having a diameter D_filler_wire, which is fed out of a filler wire feeder (40) at a speed S_filler_wire, expressed in m/min, to form a melt pool generated by said laser beam (31) and thus manufacture a laser welded blank (6) having a weld seam (5)
B23K 35/02 - Baguettes, électrodes, matériaux ou environnements utilisés pour le brasage, le soudage ou le découpage caractérisés par des propriétés mécaniques, p. ex. par la forme
B23K 26/00 - Travail par rayon laser, p. ex. soudage, découpage ou perçage
B23K 26/242 - Soudure en angle, c.-à-d. soudure de section essentiellement triangulaire joignant deux parties
B23K 26/322 - Assemblage tenant compte des propriétés du matériau concerné faisant intervenir des parties métalliques
A cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet including of the following elements 0.2%≤C≤0.35%; 0.2%≤Mn≤1.2%; 0.1%≤Si≤0.9%; 0%≤Al≤0.1%; 0.2%≤Cr≤0.8%; 0.01%≤Nb≤0.1%; 0.1%≤Ni≤0.9%; 0.1%≤Mo≤0.9% 0.01%≤Ti≤0.1%; 0%≤P≤0.02%; 0%≤S≤0.03%; 0%≤N≤0.09%; 0.0001%≤B≤0.010%; 0%≤V≤0.1%; 0%≤Cu≤2%; 0%≤Ca≤0.005%; 0%≤Ce≤0.1%; 0%≤Mg≤0.05%; 0%≤Zr≤0.05%; the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel including, by area percentage, at least 75% of tempered martensite, 0% to 10% Fresh Martensite, 3 to 20% of Ferrite and 0 to 5% Bainite.
The invention deals with a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.3mm to 0.6mm and having a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight, 0.0001 % ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %, 0.2% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.5%, 1.6% ≤ Silicon ≤ 2%, 0.2% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.5 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% and can contain one or more of the following optional elements, Tin ≤ 0.15%, Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1 %, Vanadium ≤ 0.1 %, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1 %, Cobalt ≤ 1 %, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01 %, Copper ≤ 1 %, Nickel ≤ 1 %, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10 microns to 90 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses measured at 1.5T and 400Hz, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/34 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de silicium
C22C 38/20 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du cuivre
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
48.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
The invention deals with a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.3mm to 0.8mm and having a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %, 0.1% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.5%, 0.1% ≤ Silicon ≤ 0.9%, 0.09% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.25 %, 0.1% ≤ Phosphorus ≤ 0.25 %, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%, with 0.8% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 1.5 % and can contain one or more of the following optional elements, Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10 microns to 60 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses measured at 1.5T and 400Hz, of less than 45% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/42 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cuivre
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
49.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
The invention deals with a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.3mm to 0.6mm and having a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %, 0.2% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.5%, 1.6% ≤ Silicon ≤ 2%, 0.2% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.5 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% and can contain one or more of the following optional elements, Tin ≤ 0.15%, Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10 microns to 90 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses measured at 1.5T and 400Hz, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/08 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du nickel
C22C 38/16 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du cuivre
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
50.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
The invention deals with a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.4mm to 0.7mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.09% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.22%, 2.7% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.1%,0.3% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.5 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006%, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 3.2% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 3.8% and can contain one or more of the following optional elements Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Tin≤ 0.2%,Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10 microns to 50 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/34 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de silicium
C22C 38/40 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
51.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.2 to 0.4 mm and having a composition comprising the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %, 0.2% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.4%, 1% ≤ Silicon ≤ 1.4%, 0.1% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.3 %, 0.1 % ≤ Phosphorus ≤ 0.25 %, 0.08% ≤ Tin ≤ 0.2%, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%, with 0.2% ≤ P+Sn ≤ 0.3%, Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten ≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 80 microns to 200 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses measured at 1.5T and 400Hz, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/16 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du cuivre
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
52.
A TIN FREE NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
The invention deals with a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.4mm to 0.7mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.09% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.22%, 2.7% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.1%,0.3% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.5 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006%, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 3.2% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 3.8% and can contain one or more of the following optional elements Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Tin≤ 0.2%,Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 10 microns to 50 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 25% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/16 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du cuivre
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
53.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.2mm to 0.4mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements 0.0001 % ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.05% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.2%, 2.5% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.1 %, 0.2% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.6 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 3.2% ≤ Si+AI+Mn ≤ 3.8%, Niobium ≤ 0.1 %, Titanium ≤ 0.1 %, Vanadium ≤ 0.1 %, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%,Tungsten≤ 0.1 %, Cobalt ≤ 1 %, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01 %, Copper ≤ 1 %, Nickel ≤ 1 %, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%,Tin≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 30 microns to 80 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 15% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/34 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de silicium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
54.
A TIN FREE NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TIN FREE NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A tin free non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.5mm to 1.2mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.09% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.3%,3% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.5%,0.4% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 1.2 %, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %,Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 3.7% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 4.7%,Niobium ≤ 0.1%,Titanium ≤ 0.1%,Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%,Tungsten≤ 0.1%,Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%,Calcium ≤ 0.01%,Copper ≤ 1%,Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 90microns to 200 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 35% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/16 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du cuivre
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
55.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.5mm to 1.2mm and having a composition comprising the following elements 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.1% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.6%,0.9% ≤ Silicon ≤ 1.7%,0.01% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.1 %,Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %,Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%,Tin ≤ 0.15%,Niobium ≤ 0.1%,Titanium ≤ 0.1%,Vanadium ≤ 0.1%,Chromium ≤ 1%,Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%,Tungsten≤ 0.1%,Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%,Calcium ≤ 0.01%,Copper ≤ 1%,Nickel ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 5 microns to 50 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses measured at 1.5T and 400Hz measured according to 60404-2 standard of less than 35% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/40 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel
C22C 38/34 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de silicium
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
56.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.4mm to 0.7mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.2% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.5%, 3% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.5%, 0.6% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 1.1 %, 0.001% ≤ Titanium ≤ 0.1%, Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %, Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %, Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 4% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 5.5% and can contain one or more of the following optional elements Niobium ≤ 0.1%, Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%, Tungsten≤ 0.1%, Cobalt ≤ 1%, Arsenic ≤ 0.05%, Calcium ≤ 0.01%, Copper ≤ 1%, Nickel ≤ 1%, Boron ≤ 0.05%, Lead ≤ 0.2%, Tin≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non- recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 100 microns to 250 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 30% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
57.
A NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thickness from 0.2mm to 0.4mm and having a composition comprising of the following elements, 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007 %,0.2% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.5%,3% ≤ Silicon ≤ 3.6%,0.5% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.96 %,0.001%≤ Nickel ≤ 0.1%,Phosphorus ≤ 0.15 %,Sulfur ≤ 0.006 %,Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% with 4% ≤ Si+Al+Mn ≤ 5.5%, Titanium ≤ 0.1%,Niobium ≤ 0.1%,Vanadium ≤ 0.1%, Chromium ≤ 1%, Molybdenum ≤ 0.5%,Tungsten≤ 0.1%,Cobalt ≤ 1%,Arsenic ≤ 0.05%,Calcium ≤ 0.01%,Copper ≤ 1%,Boron ≤ 0.05%,Lead ≤ 0.2%,Tin≤ 0.2%, Antimony ≤ 0.2%,the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet being made of ferrite and comprising in area fraction, 70% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 30% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 95 microns to 250 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1.5 T and 400 Hz according to standard 60404-2, of less than 15% when calculated in accordance with Bertotti method.
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/08 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du nickel
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 8/12 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication d'objets à propriétés électromagnétiques particulières
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
58.
HIGH STRENGTH STEEL FOR FORGING AND A HIGH STRENGTH FORGED MECHANICAL PART MANUFACTURED THEREOF
A high strength steel for forging mechanical parts comprising of the following elements 0.1 % ≤ C ≤ 0.3 %, 3 % ≤ Mn ≤ 9 %, 0.8% ≤ Si ≤2.5 %, 0.001 % ≤ Al ≤ 2.5 %, 0% ≤ S ≤ 0.03%, 0% ≤ P ≤ 0.03%, 0% ≤ N ≤ 0.025%, Ti ≤ 0.1%, 0.0001% ≤ B ≤ 0.01%, Cr ≤ 0.5 %, Nb ≤ 0.1%, V≤ 0.15%, Ni ≤ 1%, 0% ≤ Cu ≤ 1%, the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel comprising, by area percentage, at least 50% of Ferrite, 20% to 50% of Residual Austenite, with an optional presence of tempered martensite from 0% to 5%.
The invention concerns a method for determining a temperature of a steel wire (12) during its cooling by air on a conveyor having a central axis (18) and two lateral edges (20) extending in a conveying direction (X), the steel wire (12) being wound in successive loops (22) comprising each at least one central portion (24) near the central axis (18) and at least one edge portion (26) near a respective lateral edge (20), comprising: - estimating a wire temperature gradient with respect to a radial position within the wire, as a function of a total heat transfer coefficient depending on a convective heat transfer coefficient associated to air convection and on a radiative heat transfer coefficient associated to radiation; and for at least one central portion (24), the radiative heat transfer coefficient being calculated according to a predefined center effective emissivity; - computing the temperature of the steel wire (12) according to the wire temperature gradient; for at least one edge portion (26), the radiative heat transfer coefficient is calculated according to an edge effective emissivity distinct and independent from the center effective emissivity.
C21D 8/06 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication de barres ou de fils
C21D 9/573 - Fours continus pour bandes ou fils métalliques avec refroidissement
C21D 11/00 - Commande ou régulation du processus lors de traitements thermiques
The invention relates to a metal powder having a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in content by weight: 9% ≤ Ni ≤ 13%, 17% ≤ Cr ≤ 19%, 0.04% ≤ C ≤ 0.1%, 8 x C ≤ Nb ≤ 1%, Si ≤ 0.75%, P ≤ 0.025%, S ≤ 0.03%, 0.02% ≤ N ≤ 0.2%, With Si/(C+N) <6.0, and optionally containing: Mn ≤ 2%, Cu ≤ 0.75%, Mo ≤ 0.75%, and/or one or more elements chosen among Ti, V, W, Zr, Ce, Y in a cumulated amount of up to 2.0 wt.%, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration.
B22F 10/28 - Fusion sur lit de poudre, p. ex. fusion sélective par laser [FSL] ou fusion par faisceau d’électrons [EBM]
B22F 10/322 - Commande ou régulation des opérations de l’atmosphère, p. ex. de la composition ou de la pression dans une chambre de fabrication d’un écoulement de gaz, p. ex. du débit ou de la direction
B22F 10/36 - Commande ou régulation des opérations des paramètres du faisceau d’énergie
B33Y 70/00 - Matériaux spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive
C22C 33/02 - Fabrication des alliages ferreux par des techniques de la métallurgie des poudres
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/58 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et plus de 1,5% en poids de manganèse
C22C 38/18 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome
C22C 38/42 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cuivre
C22C 38/48 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
61.
Method for producing a press-hardened laser welded steel part and press-hardened laser welded steel part
A method for producing a part includes providing a first and a second precoated sheet (1,2), butt welding the first and second precoated sheets (1) to obtain a blank (15), and heating the blank (15) to a heat treatment temperature at least 10° C. lower than the full austenitization temperature of the weld joint (22) and at least 15° C. higher than a minimum temperature Tmin:
A method for producing a part includes providing a first and a second precoated sheet (1,2), butt welding the first and second precoated sheets (1) to obtain a blank (15), and heating the blank (15) to a heat treatment temperature at least 10° C. lower than the full austenitization temperature of the weld joint (22) and at least 15° C. higher than a minimum temperature Tmin:
T
min
(
°
C
.
)
=
A
C
3
(
W
J
)
-
α
IC
max
1
0
0
(
A
c
3
(
W
J
)
-
6
7
3
-
40
×
Al
)
,
where
Ac3(WJ) is the full austenitization temperature of the weld joint (22)
A method for producing a part includes providing a first and a second precoated sheet (1,2), butt welding the first and second precoated sheets (1) to obtain a blank (15), and heating the blank (15) to a heat treatment temperature at least 10° C. lower than the full austenitization temperature of the weld joint (22) and at least 15° C. higher than a minimum temperature Tmin:
T
min
(
°
C
.
)
=
A
C
3
(
W
J
)
-
α
IC
max
1
0
0
(
A
c
3
(
W
J
)
-
6
7
3
-
40
×
Al
)
,
where
Ac3(WJ) is the full austenitization temperature of the weld joint (22)
α
IC
max
=
(
1
-
(
1
+
ρ
)
(
max
(
1
;
ρ
)
T
s
2
-
3
5
0
)
(
1
-
β
)
(
ρ
T
s
2
+
T
s
1
)
+
β
(
1
+
ρ
)
(
3
1
3
0
C
F
W
+
7
5
0
)
-
3
5
0
×
(
1
+
ρ
)
)
×
1
0
0
,
where
Ts1 and Ts2 are the ultimate tensile strengths of the strongest and the weakest substrate after press-hardening
CFW is the carbon content of the filler material
β is the proportion of filler material
ρ is the ratio between the thicknesses of the weakest and the strongest substrate The method also includes holding the blank (15) at the heat treatment temperature for a time between 2 and 10 minutes; and press-forming the blank (15) into a part and cooling.
B23K 26/32 - Assemblage tenant compte des propriétés du matériau concerné
B23K 26/323 - Assemblage tenant compte des propriétés du matériau concerné faisant intervenir des parties faites de matériaux métalliques dissemblables
B23K 35/30 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés pour le soudage ou le brasage dont le principal constituant fond à moins de 1550 C
B23K 101/00 - Objets fabriqués par brasage, soudage ou découpage
B62B 3/02 - Voitures à bras ayant plus d'un essieu portant les roues servant au déplacementDispositifs de direction à cet effetAppareillage à cet effet comportant des parties réglables, rabattables, attachables, détachables ou transformables
B62B 3/10 - Voitures à bras ayant plus d'un essieu portant les roues servant au déplacementDispositifs de direction à cet effetAppareillage à cet effet caractérisées par des supports spécialement adaptés à des objets de forme définie
B62B 3/12 - Voitures à bras ayant plus d'un essieu portant les roues servant au déplacementDispositifs de direction à cet effetAppareillage à cet effet caractérisées par une structure à trois roues
C21D 1/18 - DurcissementTrempe avec ou sans revenu ultérieur
C21D 1/673 - Dispositifs pour trempe pour la trempe en coquille
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 9/50 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour joints de soudure
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/42 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cuivre
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/48 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/50 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/54 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du bore
C22C 38/58 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et plus de 1,5% en poids de manganèse
62.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIQUID STEEL IN AN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE WITH CARBURIZATION AND OXYGEN INJECTION
The front-end assembly (1) of a vehicle front body structure (8) for a vehicle comprises at least a front rail (2), a shotgun (4) and an apron (6), said front end assembly comprising: - a main formed metal sheet (34), shaped to comprise an apron portion (40), a front rail portion (42) and a shotgun portion (44), - a first additional formed metal sheet (36) attached to the front rail portion (42) of the main formed metal sheet (34) to form the front rail (2), and - a second additional formed metal sheet (38) attached to the shotgun portion (44) of the main formed metal sheet (34) to form the shotgun (4).
A method for producing a welded steel blank (1) includes providing two precoated sheets (2), each comprising a steel substrate (3) having a precoating (5) on each of its two main faces (4), each sheet (2) comprising, on each main face (4), at a weld edge (14), a removal zone (18) in which the precoating (5) is removed over a removal fraction; and butt welding the sheets (2) using a filler wire (20) so as to create a weld joint (22) having an aluminum content AlWJ comprised between 0.1 wt. % and 1.2 wt. %. The composition of the wire (20) and the proportion of wire (20) added is such that the weld joint (22) has: (a) a quenching factor FTWJ such that FTWJ−0.96FTBM≥0, (b) a nickel content NiWJ≤14−3.4×AlWJ and a chromium content CrWJ≤5−2×AlWJ, where AlWJ is the aluminum content of the weld joint (22).
The invention relates to a method for filtering a coarse particle slurry to obtain a filtered coarse cake, the coarse particle slurry having a particle size distribution wherein at least 90% of the particles of the coarse particle slurry have a size larger than 25 pm. The method is carried out by a filter device (14) comprising a filter pan (26), and comprises, for each filter cell (48) of the filter pan (26), a treatment cycle comprising: - discharging the coarse particle slurry on top of the filter cell (48); - applying a pressure difference between an inner volume and the exterior of the filter cell (48), so that a liquid of the coarse particle slurry is led towards the inner volume of the filter cell (48) and so that the filtered coarse cake is obtained on top of the medium filter.
B01D 33/19 - Filtres avec éléments filtrants mobiles au cours de l'opération de filtration à surfaces filtrantes rotatives planes à tables de filtration rotatives la surface de la table étant divisée en secteurs ou en cellules qui basculent successivement, p. ex. pour l'évacuation du gâteau filtrant
C22B 3/00 - Extraction de composés métalliques par voie humide à partir de minerais ou de concentrés
67.
METHOD OF PRODUCING STEEL WITH LOW NITROGEN CONTENT USING AN EAF
Method of producing steel using an Electrical Arc Furnace (EAF), the method comprising: (a) melting a metal load (L) in the EAF and generating liquid steel (LS); (c) tapping the liquid steel (LS) from the EAF; and (d) performing secondary metallurgy on the liquid steel (LS) in at least one secondary metallurgy reactor to adjust the chemical composition of the liquid steel (LS), wherein the method comprises adding a first slag compound (SC1) with nitrogen affinity in the liquid steel (LS) during tapping of the liquid steel (LS) from the EAF and creating a ladle slag (S2).
Front-end assembly of a vehicle front body structure The front-end assembly (1) of a vehicle front body structure (8) for a vehicle comprises at least a front rail (2), a shotgun (4) and an apron (6), said front end assembly comprising: - a main formed metal sheet (34), shaped to comprise an apron portion (40), a front rail portion (42) and a shotgun portion (44), - a first additional formed metal sheet (36) attached to the front rail portion (42) of the main formed metal sheet (34) to form the front rail (2), and - a second additional formed metal sheet (38) attached to the shotgun portion (44) of the main formed metal sheet (34) to form the shotgun (4).
Method of producing steel with low nitrogen content using an EAF Method of producing steel using an Electrical Arc Furnace (EAF), the method comprising: (a) melting a metal load (L) in the EAF and generating liquid steel (LS); (c) tapping the liquid steel (LS) from the EAF; and (d) performing secondary metallurgy on the liquid steel (LS) in at least one secondary metallurgy reactor to adjust the chemical composition of the liquid steel (LS), wherein the method comprises adding a first slag compound (SC1) with nitrogen affinity in the liquid steel (LS) during tapping of the liquid steel (LS) from the EAF and creating a ladle slag (S2).
The invention relates to a method for heating a rolled steel strip that comprises the following steps: - continuously driving a rolled steel strip inside a furnace, - introducing an entry gas flow into a device for heating gas that comprises: • a pipe, allowing gas to flow inside of it, • an insert located inside said pipe, being electrically conductive, • an inductor located close to said pipe, - feeding energy into said insert using said inductor, so that said energy fed into the insert is transferred to the gas inside said device for heating gas, to heat said gas to a temperature from 500°C to 1500°C, - circulating said heated gas into a radiant tube located inside the furnace, so that said heated gas transfers heat to said radiant tube, making said radiant tube release the transferred heat inside the furnace to heat said rolled steel strip.
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 9/56 - Fours continus pour bandes ou fils métalliques
F27B 9/28 - Fours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p. ex. du type tunnel Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité pour traiter des longueurs ininterrompues du matériau travaillé
F27B 9/30 - Parties constitutives, accessoires ou équipement spécialement adaptés à ces types de fours
F27B 9/36 - Aménagement des dispositifs de chauffage
F27D 99/00 - Matière non prévue dans les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
C21D 9/60 - Fours continus pour bandes ou fils métalliques avec chauffage par induction
H05B 6/10 - Appareils de chauffage par induction, autres que des fours, pour des applications spécifiques
73.
METHOD FOR HEATING A ROLLED STEEL STRIP AND INSTALLATION THEREOF
The invention relates to a method for heating a rolled steel strip that comprises the following steps: - continuously feeding a rolled steel strip to be heated inside a furnace, - introducing an entry gas flow into at least one device for heating gas, said device for heating gas being connected to said furnace and comprising: • a pipe allowing gas to flow inside of it, • an insert located inside said pipe, said insert being electrically conductive, • an inductor located in the vicinity of said pipe, - feeding energy into said insert using said inductor of said device for heating gas so that said energy fed into the insert is transferred to the gas introduced into said device for heating gas, to heat said gas to a temperature from 500°C to 1500°C, - releasing said heated gas into the furnace so that said rolled steel strip is heated.
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 9/56 - Fours continus pour bandes ou fils métalliques
C21D 9/60 - Fours continus pour bandes ou fils métalliques avec chauffage par induction
F27B 9/28 - Fours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p. ex. du type tunnel Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité pour traiter des longueurs ininterrompues du matériau travaillé
F27B 9/30 - Parties constitutives, accessoires ou équipement spécialement adaptés à ces types de fours
F27B 9/36 - Aménagement des dispositifs de chauffage
F27D 99/00 - Matière non prévue dans les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe
H05B 6/10 - Appareils de chauffage par induction, autres que des fours, pour des applications spécifiques
74.
ALUMINIUM-BASED COATING FOR PRESS-HARDENED STEEL PART AND METHOD TO PRODUCE THE SAME
A press hardened coated steel part consisting of: a hardened steel substrate (1) for hot stamping comprising, a coating layer having a thickness from 25 to 55 µm and comprising successively: an interdiffusion layer 21 in contact with the steel substrate and having a thickness of from 3 to 45 µm, said interdiffusion layer comprising more than 60 wt. % Fe, Si from 0.1 to 11.0 wt. %, Cu from 150 to 3000 wt. ppm, unavoidable impurities up to 1.0 wt.%, the remainder being Al, an alloyed layer (22) comprising Al, Fe, Si, Cu, wherein said alloyed coating layer consists of a binary phase (221) and a ternary phase (222), wherein said binary phase comprises from 35 to 60 wt. % Fe, from 0.1 to 5.0 wt. % Si, unavoidable impurities up to 1.0 wt. %, at least 190 wt. ppm of Cu, the balance being aluminium, and wherein said ternary phase comprises from 20 to 50 wt. % Al, from 6.0 to 20.0 weight % Si, unavoidable impurities up to 1.0 wt. %, at least 100 ppm of Cu, the balance being Fe, and wherein, in the alloyed layer, Cu content in the binary phase is at least 90 ppm more than in the ternary phase.
A press hardened coated steel part consisting of: a hardened steel substrate (1) for hot stamping comprising, a coating layer having a thickness from 25 to 55 µm and comprising successively: an interdiffusion layer 21 in contact with the steel substrate and having a thickness of from 3 to 45 µm, said interdiffusion layer comprising more than 60 wt. % Fe, Si from 0.1 to 11.0 wt. %, Cu from 150 to 3000 wt. ppm, unavoidable impurities up to 1.0 wt.%, the remainder being Al, an alloyed layer (22) comprising Al, Fe, Si, Cu, wherein said alloyed coating layer consists of a binary phase (221) and a ternary phase (222), wherein said binary phase comprises from 35 to 60 wt. % Fe, from 0.1 to 5.0 wt. % Si, unavoidable impurities up to 1.0 wt. %, at least 190 wt. ppm of Cu, the balance being aluminium, and wherein said ternary phase comprises from 20 to 50 wt. % Al, from 6.0 to 20.0 weight % Si, unavoidable impurities up to 1.0 wt. %, at least 100 ppm of Cu, the balance being Fe, and wherein, in the alloyed layer, Cu content in the binary phase is at least 90 ppm more than in the ternary phase.
The invention relates to a method for heating a steel coil that comprises the following steps: - putting at least one steel coil to be heated inside a furnace, - introducing an entry gas flow into a device for heating gas, being connected to said furnace and comprising: o a pipe allowing gas to flow inside of it, o an insert located inside said pipe, being electrically conductive, o an inductor located in the vicinity of said pipe, - feeding energy into said insert using said inductor of said device for heating gas so that said energy fed into the insert is transferred to the gas introduced into said device for heating gas, to heat said gas to a temperature from 500°C to 1500°C, - releasing said heated gas into the furnace so that said steel coil is heated, - removing the heated steel coil from the furnace.
The invention relates to a method for heating a steel semi-product that comprises the following steps: - putting a steel semi-product to be heated inside a furnace, - introducing an entry gas flow into a device for heating gas, being connected to said furnace and comprising: o a pipe allowing gas to flow inside of it, o an insert located inside said pipe, being electrically conductive, o an inductor located in the vicinity of said pipe, - feeding energy into said insert using said inductor of said device for heating gas so that said energy fed into the insert is transferred to the gas introduced into said device for heating gas, to heat said gas to a temperature from 450°C to 1500°C, - releasing said heated gas into the furnace so that said steel semi-product is heated, - removing the heated steel semi-product from the furnace.
The invention relates to a method to produce hot metal (12) in a blast furnace (1) wherein a natural gas (18) is subjected to a cracking step in a cracking unit (6) to produce a cracked gaseous stream (31), said cracked gaseous stream (31) comprising at least 20% in volume of hydrogen, less than 80% in volume of unreacted natural gas and a suspension of solid carbon black, and being injected into the blast furnace at the tuyere level (2), a hot blast (13) being also injected at said tuyere level (2). The invention also relates to a plant allowing to implement such a method.
Method and equipment for the treatment of metal scrap The invention relates to a method for the treatment of metal scrap comprising the following steps: - providing a device (100) comprising a friction chamber (102), the friction chamber (102) having an inlet (106) and an eccentric wheel (120) rotating in the friction chamber (102) about a horizontal axis (D), - supplying metal scrap to the inlet (106) of the friction chamber (102), - processing the metal scrap in the friction chamber (102), by rotation of the eccentric wheel (120), the rotating eccentric wheel (120) applying friction forces to the metal scrap, and - discharging the processed metal scrap. The invention further relates to an associated equipment.
The invention relates to a method for the treatment of metal scrap comprising the following steps: - providing a device (100) comprising a friction chamber (102), the friction chamber (102) having an inlet (106) and an eccentric wheel (120) rotating in the friction chamber (102) about a horizontal axis (D), - supplying metal scrap to the inlet (106) of the friction chamber (102), - processing the metal scrap in the friction chamber (102), by rotation of the eccentric wheel (120), the rotating eccentric wheel (120) applying friction forces to the metal scrap, and - discharging the processed metal scrap. The invention further relates to an associated equipment.
A composite floor deck member including a metallic tray, an insulation material positioned in the metallic tray and a wood slab, wherein the metallic tray includes a first flange including a first end wing extending parallel to plane P and inwards, and a second flange including a second end wing extending parallel to plane P and inwards, wherein the wood slab rests on the first end wing and the second end wing and is stitched to them, wherein the wood slab is further stitched to at least a first metallic profile resting against the bottom side of the wood slab, extending substantially along the longitudinal axis X and having longitudinal extremities anchored to end caps substantially closing the gap between the metallic tray and the wood slab at the first and second transverse edges of the central part of the metallic tray.
E04B 5/10 - Structures portantes de planchers, formées essentiellement d'éléments préfabriqués comportant des poutres ou solives métalliques, p. ex. poutrelles à treillis métalliques
E04B 1/94 - Protection contre d'autres agents indésirables ou dangers contre le feu
A metal powder for additive manufacturing having a composition including the following elements, expressed in content by weight 15%≤Mn≤35%, 6%≤Al≤15%, 0.5%≤C≤1.8%, 0.4%≤Ti≤4.5%, 0≤Si≤3.5%, P≤0.013%, S≤0.015%, N≤0.100%, and optionally containing Ni≤8.5 wt. % and/or Cr≤2.5 wt. % and/or B≤0.1 wt. % and/or one or more elements chosen among Ta, Zr, Nb, V, Ti, Mo, and W in a cumulated amount of up to 2.0 wt. %, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration. It also deals with a process for manufacturing such powder and for manufacturing a printed part out of it.
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
B22F 1/05 - Poudres métalliques caractérisées par la dimension ou la surface spécifique des particules
B22F 9/08 - Fabrication des poudres métalliques ou de leurs suspensionsAppareils ou dispositifs spécialement adaptés à cet effet par des procédés physiques à partir d'un matériau liquide par coulée, p. ex. à travers de petits orifices ou dans l'eau, par atomisation ou pulvérisation
B22F 10/28 - Fusion sur lit de poudre, p. ex. fusion sélective par laser [FSL] ou fusion par faisceau d’électrons [EBM]
The invention deals with a steel sheet and press hardened steel part having a composition comprising, by weight percent: C 0.05-0.3%, Mn 0.5-4%, Si 0.24-1.7%, Al 0.01 -0.1 %, Cr 0.01 - 1.0%, Ti 0.01 -0.1 %, B 0.0005-0.08%, Cu 0.05-0.4%, , , the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the production route. The press hardened steel part has a microstructure comprising, in surface fraction, more than 95% of martensite, the rest being optional bainite and retained austenite.
84.
HIGH TOUGHNESS PRESS-HARDENED STEEL PART AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
The invention deals with a steel sheet and press hardened steel part having a composition comprising, by weight percent: C 0.05-0.4%, Mn 0.5-4%, Si 0.1-1.3%, Al 0.01-0.1%, Cr 0.01-1.0%, Ti 0.01-0.1%, B 0.0005-0.08%, Cu 0.05-0.4%, Sn 0.002- , , , the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the smelting process and depending on the process route. The press hardened steel part has a microstructure comprising, in surface fraction, more than 95% of martensite, the rest being optional bainite and retained austenite.
85.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A STEEL SHEET HAVING EXCELLENT PROCESSABILITY BEFORE HOT FORMING, STEEL SHEET, PROCESS TO MANUFACTURE A HOT STAMPED PART AND HOT STAMPED PART
Steel sheet suitable for a multistep hot stamping process and associated manufacturing process, said steel sheet having a composition comprising, by weight percent: C: 0.13 - 0.4 %, Mn: 0.4 - 4.2 %, Si: , %, %, %, %, %, %, , , , , , , , , wherein Q is less than 20, said factor Q being defined as (the elements are expressed in weight percent): said steel sheet having a microstructure comprising, in surface fraction, from 60% to 100% of recrystallized ferrite, less than 40% of the sum of martensite, bainite and carbides and less than 5% of non-recrystallized ferrite.
A method for manufacturing a hot-rolled and coated steel sheet having a thickness between 1.8 mm and 5 mm, comprising providing a semi-product having a composition comprising: , , , , , , , , , , , , Mo , W 0.30%, Ca ≤ 0.006%, hot-rolling with a final rolling temperature FRT, to obtain a hot-rolled steel product having a thickness between 1.8 mm and 5 mm, then cooling down to a coiling temperature satisfying: with , being expressed in degrees Celsius and fy designating the austenite fraction just before the coiling, and coiling to obtain a hot-rolled steel substrate, pickling and coating the hot-rolled steel substrate with Al or an Al alloy by continuous hot-dipping in a bath, to obtain a hot-rolled and coated steel sheet comprising a hot-rolled steel sheet and an Al or an Al alloy coating, having a thickness comprised between 10 and 33 µm, on each side of the hot-rolled steel sheet.
Side structure (1) for a motor vehicle (3) comprising an inner and outer frame (11, 13) each forming a closed ring and having two openings corresponding to the front and rear doors (8, 10), wherein said inner and outer frames (11, 13) are each formed by hot stamping respectively an inner and an outer frame blank (111, 113), each being a single tailor welded blank made of steel and wherein said inner and outer frames (11,13) are assembled to form a hollow volume (7) between them.
A metal powder for additive manufacturing having a composition including the following elements, expressed in content by weight 15%≤Mn≤35%, 6%≤Al≤15%, 0.5%≤C≤1.8%, 1.6%≤Si≤3.5%, P≤0.013%, S≤0.015%, N≤0.100%, and optionally containing Ni≤8.5 wt. % and/or Cr≤2.5 wt. % and/or B≤0.1 wt. % and/or one or more elements chosen among Ta, Zr, Nb, V, Ti, Mo, and W in a cumulated amount of up to 2.0 wt. %, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration. It also deals with a process for manufacturing such powder and for manufacturing a printed part out of it.
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
B22F 1/05 - Poudres métalliques caractérisées par la dimension ou la surface spécifique des particules
B22F 9/08 - Fabrication des poudres métalliques ou de leurs suspensionsAppareils ou dispositifs spécialement adaptés à cet effet par des procédés physiques à partir d'un matériau liquide par coulée, p. ex. à travers de petits orifices ou dans l'eau, par atomisation ou pulvérisation
B22F 10/28 - Fusion sur lit de poudre, p. ex. fusion sélective par laser [FSL] ou fusion par faisceau d’électrons [EBM]
Rear floor panel for an automotive vehicle made from a single metallic blank and including reinforced rear and front side portions compared to the center rear and front portions. Rear structural assembly including a rear floor panel assembled onto a rear underfloor structure, including a right and left side member linked together by at least one cross member.
B62D 21/15 - Châssis, c.-à-d. armature sur laquelle une carrosserie peut être montée comportant des moyens amortisseurs de chocs, p. ex. châssis conçus pour changer de forme ou de dimensions d'une façon définitive ou temporaire à la suite d'une collision avec un autre corps
B62D 25/16 - Garde-boue ou ailesPanneaux couvrant les roues
B62D 27/02 - Assemblages entre sous-ensembles de la carrosserie rigides
B62D 29/00 - Carrosseries caractérisées par le matériau utilisé
90.
NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL THEREOF
A non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a composition comprising of the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight: 0.0001%≤Carbon≤0.007%, 0.15%≤Manganese≤0.25%, 2.9%≤Silicon≤3.4%, 0.7%≤Aluminum≤1.3%, 0.05%≤Nickel≤1%, Phosphorus≤0.15%, Sulfur≤0.006%, Nitrogen≤0.09%, with 3.85%≤Si+Al+Mn≤5.5%, and can contain various optional elements. The remainder composition being iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure made of ferrite and has in area fraction, 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure, 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure wherein the average grain size of recrystallized microstructure is from 20 microns to 110 microns and having a percentage of eddy current losses in total iron losses, measured at 1 T and 400 Hz according to IEC 60404-2 standards, less than 35% when calculated in accordance of Bertotti method.
A method for producing a heat treated cold rolled steel sheet having a composition comprising of the following elements, 0.1%≤Carbon≤0.25%, 2.15%≤Manganese≤3.0%, 1%≤Silicon≤0.8%, 0.1%≤Aluminum≤0.9%, 0.05%≤Chromium≤0.5%, 0%≤Phosphorus≤0.09%, 0%≤Sulfur≤0.09%, 0%≤Nitrogen≤0.09%, 2.4%≤C+Mn≤3%, 0%≤Niobium≤0.1%, 0%≤Titanium≤0.1%, 0%≤Vanadium≤0.1%, 0%≤Molybdenum≤1%, 0%≤Nickel≤1%, 0%≤Calcium≤0.005%, 0%≤Boron≤0.01%, 0%≤Cerium≤0.1%, 0%≤Magnesium≤0.05%, 0%≤Zirconium≤0.05% the remainder being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities, the method including hot rolling, cooling the hot rolled steel at a cooling rate of at least 30° C./s to a coiling temperature less than 600° C.; and coiling, cooling to room temperature, cold rolling, annealing the cold rolled steel sheet using a two step heating process, cooling, overaging, and cooling to room temperature.
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
C21D 8/02 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication de produits plats ou de bandes
A method for producing a steel sheet, the method containing the following successive steps:
providing a cold-rolled steel sheet, the chemical composition of the steel containing in weight %: 0.15%≤C≤0.23%, 2.0%≤Mn≤2.8%, 1.0%≤Si≤2.1%, 0.02%≤Al≤1.0%, with 1.7%≤Si+Al≤2.1%, 0≤Nb≤0.035%, 0≤Mo≤0.3%, 0≤Cr≤0.4%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities,
annealing the steel sheet at an annealing temperature TA so as to obtain a structure comprising at least 65% of austenite and up to 35% of intercritical ferrite,
quenching the sheet at a cooling rate of at least 20° C./s from a temperature of at least 600° C. down to a quenching temperature QT comprised between Ms−170° C. and Ms−80° C.,
heating the sheet up to a partitioning temperature PT between 350° C. and 450° C. and maintaining the sheet at this temperature for a partitioning time Pt comprised between 80 s and 440 s,
immediately cooling the sheet down to the room temperature,
the steel sheet having a final microstructure consisting of, in surface fraction:
between 40% and 70% of tempered martensite,
between 7% and 15% of retained austenite,
between 15% and 35% of ferrite,
at most 5% of fresh martensite,
at most 15% of bainite.
inoutout, CWF), relative to thermal losses (TL) of the electric arc furnace, determining a recharging readiness signal (RR), which specifies whether the electric arc furnace is in condition for charging a second load of material to be melted, or not, the recharging readiness signal being determined based on the arc stability signal and on the one or more thermal losses signals, emitting the recharging readiness signal.
C21C 5/52 - Fabrication de l'acier au four électrique
F27B 3/28 - Aménagement des dispositifs de commande, de surveillance, d'alarme ou des dispositifs similaires
F27D 11/08 - Chauffage par décharge électrique, p. ex. décharge d'arc
F27D 19/00 - Aménagement des dispositifs de commande
F27D 21/00 - Aménagement des dispositifs de surveillanceAménagement des dispositifs de sécurité
H05B 7/144 - Sources de puissance spécialement adaptées pour le chauffage par décharge électriqueCommande automatique de la puissance, p. ex. en commandant la position des électrodes
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Metal Tubes and pipes for construction; non-electric metal
hardware; building materials made of metal; grilles and
screens of metal; fences of metal, latticework of metal;
springs (metal hardware); metal drawing products, bolts and
nails not included in other classes; sheet metal,
multi-layered sheet metal and multi-layered metal products
not included in other classes; armor plating; ferrules of
metal; frames of metal for construction; metal tanks and
containers; metal boxes (not included in other classes),
including welded metal boxes and components thereof such as
welded box bases, rings and sealing plugs of metal; cans of
metal and lids of metal therefor, including cans of metal
for beverages; metal packaging containers; storage tanks of
metal; foundry molds of metal; iron and steel products for
foundry use not included in other classes, including
billets, sheets, slabs, strips, bands, blanks, rings, coils,
profile strips, bars, joists, joists, bands, dowels, tubes,
wires, cables, blocks, ingots and forge ingot; heavy metal
torch products not included in other classes; balls of
steel; tiles of metal for building; heavy metal products,
not included in other classes, including forged, molded,
molded, die-cast, molded, welded or machined parts, used in
all industries; common metals and alloys thereof; steel,
unwrought or semi-wrought, including stainless steel, carbon
steel, coated steel, coated quenched steel, chromium steel,
galvanized steel, electrogalvanized steel, lacquered steel,
colored steel and aluminium-coated steel; cast iron,
unwrought or semi-wrought; metal waste (iron scrap); iron,
unwrought or semi-wrought, including tinplate, iron for
direct reduction and directly reduced iron; ores of metal,
including crude or processed ores; building materials of
metal; laminated or sectional metal building materials, such
as heavy sections, steel profiles, joists, sheet piles and
beams; metal reinforcing materials for concrete; metal cover
plates for building purposes; flooring of metal, floor tiles
of metal, partitions of metal, multilayer panels of metal,
linings of metal, coatings and linings of metal (building
materials); transportable buildings of metal, including
shelters of metal and parts of shelters, buildings of metal
sections for residential use, which can also serve as small
commercial or industrial premises; materials of metal for
railway tracks, including rails and components therefor;
non-electric cables and wires of common metal, including
wire welding wire and barbed wire. Vulcanization; treatment of metals; treatment of ores,
steel, common metals and alloys thereof; treatment of metals
and all mechanical, thermomechanical or chemical
transformations of the properties and characteristics of
metals, including direct reduction of iron, metal tempering,
finishing of metal surfaces, brazing, casting, anodizing,
chromium plating, sintering, electrolytic zinc plating,
phosphating, milling, forming, tin-plating, galvanization,
nickel-plating, laminating, armor plating, cutting,
polishing, magnetization, plating, stretching, pickling and
welding; recycling of metal products; treatment of materials
during the manufacturing process of metal products, such as
forging, pressing, deburring, machining, laminating and
forming of metals; nitriding (treatment of materials);
treatment of materials for boiler-making.
95.
MEDIUM NICKEL POWDER FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, PRINTED PART AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
The present invention relates to a high nickel powder for the manufacturing of steel parts and in particular for their additive manufacturing, and to the printed part having a composition comprising, by weight percent: C: 0.03 - 0.60 %, Mn: 0.1 - 1.0 %, Ni 1.5 – 7.5% O ≤ 0.100 %, P ≤ 0.013 %, S ≤ 0.015 %, N ≤ 0.200 % and comprising optionally one or more of the following elements, in weight percentage: Al ≤ 1.0%, Mo ≤ 0.65%, B ≤ 0.01 % Si ≤ 3 %, Ti ≤ 0.2 %, Nb ≤ 0.2%, V ≤ 0.3%, Sn ≤ 0.1%, Sb ≤ 0.1%, Cr ≤ 0.7%, Cu ≤ 0.7% the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration.
B33Y 70/00 - Matériaux spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive
C22C 33/02 - Fabrication des alliages ferreux par des techniques de la métallurgie des poudres
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/40 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel
B22F 9/08 - Fabrication des poudres métalliques ou de leurs suspensionsAppareils ou dispositifs spécialement adaptés à cet effet par des procédés physiques à partir d'un matériau liquide par coulée, p. ex. à travers de petits orifices ou dans l'eau, par atomisation ou pulvérisation
96.
HIGH STRENGTH ZINC COATED STEEL SHEET, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
The invention relates to a high strength zinc coated steel sheet made of a steel having a composition comprising, by weight percent C: 0.20 - 0.35 %, Mn: 0.5 – 3.0 %, B: 0.0005 – 0.005%, Si 0.01- 1.20 %, Cr 0.01 - 1.5 % S ≤ 0.010 %, P ≤ 0.020 %, N ≤ 0.008 % and comprising optionally one or more of the following elements, in weight percentage: Al ≤ 1%, Mo ≤ 0.4 %, Ti ≤ 0.05 %, Nb ≤ 0.05 %, said steel sheet having a microstructure comprising, in area fraction, bainite and tempered martensite, the sum being comprised from 25% to 65%, the rest being fresh martensite and martensite-austenite islands.
C21D 8/02 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication de produits plats ou de bandes
C21D 9/46 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet pour tôles
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/22 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/26 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/28 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/32 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du bore
C22C 38/38 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et plus de 1,5% en poids de manganèse
High nickel powder for additive manufacturing, printed part and method of manufacturing the same The present invention relates to a high nickel powder for the manufacturing of steel parts and in particular for their additive manufacturing, and to the printed part having a composition comprising, by weight percent: C: 0.03 - 0.60 %, Mn: 0.1 - 1.0 %, Ni 8.5 – 17.5%, Si 0.05 – 3% O ≤ 0.100 %, P ≤ 0.013 %, S ≤ 0.015 %, N ≤ 0.200 % and comprising optionally one or more of the following elements, in weight percentage: Al ≤ 1.0%, Mo ≤ 0.65%, B ≤ 0.01 % Ti ≤ 0.2 %, Nb ≤ 0.2%, V ≤ 0.3%, Sn ≤ 0.1%, Sb ≤ 0.1%, Cr ≤ 0.7%, Cu ≤ 0.7% the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration.
B33Y 70/00 - Matériaux spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive
C22C 33/02 - Fabrication des alliages ferreux par des techniques de la métallurgie des poudres
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/40 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel
C22C 38/08 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du nickel
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/60 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du plomb, du sélénium, du tellure, de l'antimoine, ou plus de 0,04% en poids de soufre
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/16 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du cuivre
C22C 38/12 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du tungstène, du tantale, du molybdène, du vanadium ou du niobium
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
B22F 9/08 - Fabrication des poudres métalliques ou de leurs suspensionsAppareils ou dispositifs spécialement adaptés à cet effet par des procédés physiques à partir d'un matériau liquide par coulée, p. ex. à travers de petits orifices ou dans l'eau, par atomisation ou pulvérisation
98.
MEDIUM NICKEL POWDER FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, PRINTED PART AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Medium nickel powder for additive manufacturing, printed part and method of manufacturing the same The present invention relates to a high nickel powder for the manufacturing of steel parts and in particular for their additive manufacturing, and to the printed part having a composition comprising, by weight percent: C: 0.03 - 0.60 %, Mn: 0.1 - 1.0 %, Ni 1.5 – 7.5% Al 0.01- 1.0%, Si 0.05 - 3 %, O ≤ 0.100 %, P ≤ 0.013 %, S ≤ 0.015 %, N ≤ 0.200 % and comprising optionally one or more of the following elements, in weight percentage: Mo ≤ 0.30%, B ≤ 0.01 %, Ti ≤ 0.2 %, Nb ≤ 0.2%, V ≤ 0.3%, Sn ≤ 0.1%, Sb ≤ 0.1%, Cr ≤ 0.5%, Cu ≤ 0.7% the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration.
B33Y 70/00 - Matériaux spécialement adaptés à la fabrication additive
C22C 33/02 - Fabrication des alliages ferreux par des techniques de la métallurgie des poudres
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/40 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/08 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du nickel
C22C 38/60 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du plomb, du sélénium, du tellure, de l'antimoine, ou plus de 0,04% en poids de soufre
C22C 38/16 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du cuivre
C22C 38/14 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/12 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du tungstène, du tantale, du molybdène, du vanadium ou du niobium
B22F 9/08 - Fabrication des poudres métalliques ou de leurs suspensionsAppareils ou dispositifs spécialement adaptés à cet effet par des procédés physiques à partir d'un matériau liquide par coulée, p. ex. à travers de petits orifices ou dans l'eau, par atomisation ou pulvérisation
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Metal Tubes and pipes for construction; non-electric metal
hardware; building materials made of metal; grilles and
screens of metal; fences of metal, latticework of metal;
springs (metal hardware); metal drawing products, bolts and
nails not included in other classes; sheet metal,
multi-layered sheet metal and multi-layered metal products
not included in other classes; armor plating; ferrules of
metal; frames of metal for construction; metal tanks and
containers; metal boxes (not included in other classes),
including welded metal boxes and components thereof such as
welded box bases, rings and sealing plugs of metal; cans of
metal and lids of metal therefor, including cans of metal
for beverages; metal packaging containers; storage tanks of
metal; foundry molds of metal; iron and steel products for
foundry use not included in other classes, including
billets, sheets, slabs, strips, bands, blanks, rings, coils,
profile strips, bars, joists, joists, bands, dowels, tubes,
wires, cables, blocks, ingots and forge ingot; heavy metal
torch products not included in other classes; balls of
steel; tiles of metal for building; heavy metal products,
not included in other classes, including forged, molded,
molded, die-cast, molded, welded or machined parts, used in
all industries; common metals and alloys thereof; steel,
unwrought or semi-wrought, including stainless steel, carbon
steel, coated steel, coated quenched steel, chromium steel,
galvanized steel, electrogalvanized steel, lacquered steel,
colored steel and aluminium-coated steel; cast iron,
unwrought or semi-wrought; metal waste (iron scrap); iron,
unwrought or semi-wrought, including tinplate, iron for
direct reduction and directly reduced iron; ores of metal,
including crude or processed ores; building materials of
metal; laminated or sectional metal building materials, such
as heavy sections, steel profiles, joists, sheet piles and
beams; metal reinforcing materials for concrete; metal cover
plates for building purposes; flooring of metal, floor tiles
of metal, partitions of metal, multilayer panels of metal,
linings of metal, coatings and linings of metal (building
materials); transportable buildings of metal, including
shelters of metal and parts of shelters, buildings of metal
sections for residential use, which can also serve as small
commercial or industrial premises; materials of metal for
railway tracks, including rails and components therefor;
non-electric cables and wires of common metal, including
wire welding wire and barbed wire. Vulcanization; treatment of metals; treatment of ores,
steel, common metals and alloys thereof; treatment of metals
and all mechanical, thermomechanical or chemical
transformations of the properties and characteristics of
metals, including direct reduction of iron, metal tempering,
finishing of metal surfaces, brazing, casting, anodizing,
chromium plating, sintering, electrolytic zinc plating,
phosphating, milling, forming, tin-plating, galvanization,
nickel-plating, laminating, armor plating, cutting,
polishing, magnetization, plating, stretching, pickling and
welding; recycling of metal products; treatment of materials
during the manufacturing process of metal products, such as
forging, pressing, deburring, machining, laminating and
forming of metals; nitriding (treatment of materials);
treatment of materials for boiler-making.
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Materials made of unwrought and semi-wrought metals, not for
a specified use; building components and materials of metal;
doors, gates, windows and window coverings of metal;
hardware of metal; containers of metal for storage,
transport and packaging; statues and works of art made of
common metal; metal structures and transportable buildings
of metal. Air and water purification and conditioning services;
production of energy; deep-drawing of metals; boilermaking;
assembling of products for the benefit of others; custom
assembly of materials for third parties; joining of
components using adhesives; custom manufacture of steel
building elements; custom manufacture of semiconductor
components, devices and circuits; coppersmithing services;
refining of metals; applying finish to stainless steel
sheets and coils; application of wear-resistant coatings by
means of electrolytic processes; application of
wear-resistant coatings by autocatalytic processes;
application of wear-resistant coatings to engineering
components; application of wear-resistant coatings on metals
and plastics; application of coatings in the form of powder;
Soldering of metals; chromium plating; chromium plating of
metal objects; chromium plating of metal items; hard
chromium plating of metal surfaces; hard chromium plating
and hard nickel plating of metal surfaces; staining;
coloring of metals other than painting; metal casting;
enameling of metals; surface finishing by hammering; metal
finishing; surface finishing of metal articles; cold metal
shaping; shaping of metal components; extrusion of metal
alloys; silage; cutting of metals; rolling of metals;
laminating; information relating to the treatment of
materials; hot dipping of metals; galvanizing of metals;
galvanization; milling; magnetization; exterior and interior
plating of pipes and tubes of metal; metal plating and
lamination; drilling of metals; hard nickel plating of metal
surfaces; nickel plating; planing of materials; refining
services; metal pressing; polymerization; polishing of
metals; sawing of materials; coating of metals other than
paint; metal coating [plating]; plating [coating] by
electrolysis; sheet material encapsulation services;
brushing of stainless steel; cutting of steel; deposit of
steam on metal surfaces; metal plating services; polishing
of stainless steel; die-casting of metals; galvanic
services; metal casting; metal melting services; services
for agglomerating of solid materials [treatment of
materials]; metal treatment [tempering]; soil, waste or
water treatment services [environmental cleanup services];
fuel treatment services; metal coating for surfaces;
treatment of iron oxide; treatment of used exhaust catalysts
to transform them into noble metals; metal processing
[stamping]; metal processing [forging]; metal processing
[profiling]; metal processing [enameling]; anti-corrosion
treatment of metal parts; treatment of metal parts to
prevent corrosion using hot-dip galvanizing and coating
processes in the form of powder; processing of semi-finished
products by electrolysis; treatment of products processed by
electrolysis; treatment of slag from metal casting;
treatment of metal surfaces via precision grinding and
abrasive polishing; treatment of metal surfaces by means of
precision grinding techniques; treatment of metal surfaces
by means of abrasive polishing; treatment of metals; metal
processing [embossing]; treatment and coating of metal
surfaces; heat treatment and coating of steel; metallurgical
treatment; heat treatment of metal surfaces; heat treatment
of pipes and tubes of metal; heat treatment of metals;
processing of metals; zinc plating; tempering of metals;
vulcanization [material treatment].